CN117375731B - Quantitative analysis method and system for time-varying characteristics of underwater acoustic communication multi-path channel - Google Patents
Quantitative analysis method and system for time-varying characteristics of underwater acoustic communication multi-path channel Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application provides a quantitative analysis method and a quantitative analysis system for time-varying characteristics of a multi-path channel of underwater acoustic communication, wherein the quantitative analysis method comprises the following steps: acquiring underwater sound multi-path time-varying channel impulse response; calculating a channel average correlation coefficient by utilizing a channel autocorrelation function according to the underwater sound multi-path time-varying channel impulse response; and carrying out quantization evaluation on the time-varying characteristics of the multi-path channel according to the calculated channel average correlation coefficient. The application has the advantages that: the average correlation coefficient of the channel provided by the application has a negative correlation with the residual error of the equalizer under a certain condition, and has correlation with communication performance theoretically. The method is represented by a channel autocorrelation function, and can realize the quantitative analysis of the time-varying characteristics of the underwater sound multipath channel, so that the influence of the time-varying characteristics of the channel on the communication performance is measured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of underwater acoustic communication, and particularly relates to a quantitative analysis method and a quantitative analysis system for time-varying characteristics of a multi-path channel of underwater acoustic communication.
Background
Since radio waves cannot propagate underwater in a long distance, underwater acoustic communication using acoustic waves as a communication carrier is a common underwater information transmission mode. In contrast to radio communication channels, the underwater acoustic communication channels have serious multi-path effects, signals arrive at a receiving end at different times through a plurality of paths, and cause serious mutual interference, which is called intersymbol interference (Inter-symbol interference, ISI). Due to Doppler effect generated by relative motion of a signal transmitting end and a signal receiving end, reflection point displacement caused by dynamic rough sea surface reflection, sound velocity profile change caused by ocean phenomena such as ocean currents, tides, internal waves and the like, the sound wave propagation path and the strength change along with time, so that the underwater sound multipath channel is often accompanied with time-varying characteristics. The channel response parameters with different time-varying characteristics under the same multi-path structure have larger difference, the caused communication performance influence is also larger, and great difficulty is caused to the design of the underwater acoustic communication system and the estimation of the underwater acoustic communication performance. Therefore, the quantitative analysis of the influence of the time-varying characteristics of the multi-path channel on the communication performance is necessary, and is an important aspect for measuring the quality of the communication channel, and the related research has important significance for the design of the underwater acoustic communication system, the forecast of the communication performance and the like.
In the field of quantitative analysis of time-varying characteristics of underwater acoustic multi-path channels, from the perspective of time domain analysis, a commonly used quantization index is channel coherence time, which is obtained by calculation based on a channel self-coherence function, and is a measure of time-varying channel coherence, it is generally considered that the shorter the channel coherence time is, the stronger the channel time variability is, and the larger the influence on communication performance is. However, a correlation threshold is defined when calculating the channel coherence time, and if the channel autocorrelation coefficient does not decrease to the correlation threshold for a measured channel duration, the channel coherence time cannot be obtained through this segment of the channel. This would not allow for a fine-grained analysis of the time-varying characteristics of the short-time channel.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects that the limitation exists when the coherence time of the channel is used for measuring the time-varying characteristic of the channel, the correlation with the communication performance is not ideal enough, and the design of a communication system is difficult to be finely guided.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for quantitatively analyzing time-varying characteristics of a multi-path channel of underwater acoustic communication, comprising:
Step 1: acquiring underwater sound multi-path time-varying channel impulse response;
step 2: calculating a channel average correlation coefficient by utilizing a channel autocorrelation function according to the underwater sound multi-path time-varying channel impulse response;
step 3: and carrying out quantization evaluation on the time-varying characteristics of the multi-path channel according to the calculated channel average correlation coefficient.
As an improvement of the above method, the step 1 includes:
The underwater sound multi-path time-varying channel impulse response is obtained by carrying out pulse compression on the received sound signal.
As an improvement of the above method, the step 1 includes:
and acquiring the underwater sound multi-path time-varying channel impulse response through a channel estimation algorithm.
As an improvement of the above method, the calculation formula of the channel average correlation coefficient CACC in the step 2 is as follows:
Wherein N' represents the number of static channels comprised by the time-varying channel; Δn e [0,1, ], N' -1];
Representing the channel autocorrelation function and representing the correlation coefficient between two channels with a time difference of deltan.
As an improvement of the above method, the channel autocorrelation functionThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein n 0 represents time; h represents a conjugate transpose;
Representing the multipath time-varying channel impulse response:
Wherein T represents a transpose; n a represents the number of non-causal taps of the channel; n c represents the number of channel causal taps; indicating the N-th moment channel N c -1 tap strength.
As an improvement of the method, the quantitative evaluation of the time-varying characteristics of the multi-path channel is as follows:
the smaller the value of the channel average correlation coefficient, the stronger the channel time-variability.
The invention also provides a quantitative analysis system for the time-varying characteristics of the underwater acoustic communication multipath channel, which is realized according to the method, and comprises the following steps:
the channel impulse response acquisition module is used for acquiring the underwater sound multi-path time-varying channel impulse response;
The channel average correlation coefficient calculating module is used for calculating the channel average correlation coefficient by utilizing the channel autocorrelation function according to the underwater sound multi-path time-varying channel impulse response; and
And the evaluation module is used for quantitatively evaluating the time-varying characteristics of the multi-path channel according to the calculated channel average correlation coefficient.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
The average correlation coefficient of the channel provided by the application has a negative correlation with the residual error after equalization under a certain condition, and has correlation with communication performance theoretically. The method is represented by a channel autocorrelation function, and can realize the quantitative analysis of the time-varying characteristics of the underwater sound multipath channel, so that the influence of the time-varying characteristics of the channel on the communication performance is measured. The correlation between the average correlation coefficient of the channel and the bit error rate performance of the communication system obtained through a large number of simulations is examined by relying on the sea test actual measurement time-varying channel for analysis, the average Spearman correlation coefficient can reach 0.9, and the effect of the average correlation coefficient of the channel in measuring the influence of the time-varying characteristics of the underwater sound multipath channel on the communication performance is obvious.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a quantitative analysis method for time-varying characteristics of an underwater acoustic multi-path channel;
FIG. 2 shows the underwater acoustic multi-path time-varying channel impulse response employed in a specific example;
FIG. 3 shows the channel autocorrelation function calculated in the specific example;
fig. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the average correlation coefficient of the channel and the bit error rate of the communication system.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
At present, most underwater acoustic communication systems utilize an equalizer to resist ISI, the residual error at the output end of the equalizer reflects the influence degree of a channel on the performance of the communication system, and if the residual error is decomposed to obtain a part of error components influenced by the time-varying characteristics of a multi-path channel and the error components are associated with a channel autocorrelation function, the influence of the time-varying characteristics of the channel on the performance of the communication can be reflected better. According to the above thought, considering that the linear equalizer based on channel estimation can realize residual error decomposition, wherein error components caused by time-varying characteristics of a channel are called excess errors, and when an exponential weighted recursive least square channel estimation algorithm is adopted under the assumption of a wide and steady uncorrelated scattered channel, an expression represented by a channel autocorrelation function is inversely correlated with the excess errors, so that an analysis method for measuring the time-varying characteristics of a multi-path channel by using the expression is provided, the expression is calculated according to the channel autocorrelation function, and the obtained quantization index is called a channel average correlation coefficient (CHANNEL AVERAGE correlation coefficient, CACC). The index is obtained only through the calculation of impulse response parameters of the underwater sound channel, is irrelevant to the parameters of a communication system, fully utilizes the information of the channel autocorrelation function, has strong correlation with the bit error rate of the communication system, and can accurately quantify and measure the influence of the time-varying characteristics of the multi-path channel on the communication performance.
The invention provides a quantitative analysis method for time-varying characteristics of a multi-path channel of underwater acoustic communication, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: acquisition of underwater acoustic multi-path time-varying channel impulse response
The impulse compression result of impulse sound response signals or continuous sound signals is processed to obtain the underwater sound multi-path time-varying channel impulse response, and the channel impulse response can also be obtained through a channel estimation algorithm.
Step 2: according to channel impulse responseAnd calculating the average correlation coefficient of the channel.
Let T denote transpose and H denote conjugate transpose. Defining a multi-pass time-varying channel impulse response asWherein the number of non-causal taps and causal taps of the channel are N a and N c, respectively, and the total number of taps of the channel is n=n a+Nc. Let the time-varying channel comprise N 'static channels, i.e., N e [0,1, ], N' -1]. Assuming the sampling rates of the channels on the delay and time axes are f sτ and f st, respectively, the single static channel duration and the time-varying channel duration are N/f sτ seconds and N'/f st seconds, respectively. The calculation process of the channel average correlation coefficient is as follows.
Step 2.1: the channel autocorrelation function is calculated, expressed as:
Wherein, Is an instantaneous correlation function describing the correlation of the channel at time n 0 and at time n 0 + an. Autocorrelation function/>Only a function of time an, which represents the correlation coefficient between two channels with a time difference an. In a time-varying channel comprising N ' static channels, the time difference has a range of Δn e [0,1, ], N ' -1], different N 0 are chosen, and the/>, obtained for all identical Δn ' sAveraging, using time averaging instead of set averaging, the available channel autocorrelation function:
channel autocorrelation function in the above and time-varying channel impulse response only And (5) correlation.
Step 2.2: calculating the channel average correlation coefficient CACC according to (2)
Step 3: and carrying out quantization evaluation on the time-varying characteristics of the multi-path channel according to the calculated average correlation coefficient of the channel, wherein the smaller the average correlation coefficient value of the channel is, the stronger the time-varying characteristic of the channel is.
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment provides a method for quantitatively analyzing time-varying characteristics of an underwater acoustic multipath channel, which includes:
step 1, measuring time-varying channel impulse response by utilizing pulse compression or channel estimation algorithm to obtain channel impulse response In this embodiment, the number of static channels in the time-varying channel is N '=2580, f st =78.125 Hz, and the corresponding time-varying channel duration is N'/f st ≡33s. The number of non-causal and causal taps for the channel is N a =31 and N c =993, respectively, the total number of taps is n=n a+Nc＝1024,fsτ =8000 Hz, corresponding to a single static channel duration of N/f sτ =128 ms. The time-varying channel impulse response of which is shown in figure 2.
Step 2.1, calculating the channel autocorrelation function
According to N' =2580 and time-varying channel impulse responseSolving the channel autocorrelation function/>, as followsThe result is shown in fig. 3 as a function of the channel spacing deltan.
Step 2.2, calculating a channel average correlation coefficient CACC;
According to N' =2580 and channel autocorrelation function The channel average correlation coefficient CACC is calculated as follows.
And 3, quantitatively evaluating the time-varying characteristics of the multi-path channel by using the calculated channel average correlation coefficient, wherein CACC=0.588 in the example belongs to the multi-path channel with medium time variability and strong bias, and can provide reference for communication system design and performance estimation.
The invention also provides a quantitative analysis system for the time-varying characteristics of the underwater acoustic communication multi-path channel, which comprises:
the channel impulse response acquisition module is used for acquiring multi-path underwater sound time-varying channel impulse responses;
The channel average correlation coefficient calculating module is used for calculating the channel average correlation coefficient by utilizing the channel autocorrelation function according to the impulse response of the underwater sound channel; and
The evaluation module is used for quantitatively evaluating the time-varying characteristics of the channel according to the average correlation coefficient of the channel; the smaller the value of the channel average correlation coefficient, the stronger the channel time-variability.
The average correlation coefficient of the channel provided by the application has a negative correlation with the residual error of the equalizer under a certain condition, and has correlation with communication performance theoretically. The method is represented by a channel autocorrelation function, and can realize the quantitative analysis of the time-varying characteristics of the underwater sound multipath channel, so that the influence of the time-varying characteristics of the channel on the communication performance is measured. The analysis is carried out by relying on the sea test actual measurement time-varying channel, a decision feedback equalizer is adopted to process the received signal, as shown in fig. 4, the correlation between the average correlation coefficient of the channel and the bit error rate performance of the communication system obtained through a large number of simulations is examined, the average Spearman correlation coefficient can reach 0.9, and the effect of the average correlation coefficient of the channel is obvious when the influence of the time-varying characteristics of the underwater sound multipath channel on the communication performance is measured.
The present invention may also provide a computer apparatus comprising: at least one processor, memory, at least one network interface, and a user interface. The various components in the device are coupled together by a bus system. It will be appreciated that a bus system is used to enable connected communications between these components. The bus system includes a power bus, a control bus, and a status signal bus in addition to the data bus.
The user interface may include, among other things, a display, a keyboard, or a pointing device. Such as a mouse, track ball, touch pad, touch screen, or the like.
It will be appreciated that the memory in the disclosed embodiments of this application can be either volatile memory or nonvolatile memory, or can include both volatile and nonvolatile memory. The nonvolatile Memory may be a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Programmable ROM (PROM), an Erasable PROM (EPROM), an Electrically Erasable EPROM (EEPROM), or a flash Memory. The volatile memory may be random access memory (RandomAccess Memory, RAM) which acts as external cache memory. By way of example, and not limitation, many forms of RAM are available, such as static random access memory (STATIC RAM, SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DYNAMIC RAM, DRAM), synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (SDRAM), double data rate Synchronous dynamic random access memory (Double DATA RATE SDRAM, DDRSDRAM), enhanced Synchronous dynamic random access memory (ENHANCED SDRAM, ESDRAM), synchronous link dynamic random access memory (SYNCHLINK DRAM, SLDRAM), and Direct memory bus random access memory (DRRAM). The memory described herein is intended to comprise, without being limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.
In some implementations, the memory stores the following elements, executable modules or data structures, or a subset thereof, or an extended set thereof: an operating system and application programs.
The operating system includes various system programs, such as a framework layer, a core library layer, a driving layer, and the like, and is used for realizing various basic services and processing hardware-based tasks. Applications, including various applications such as a media player (MEDIA PLAYER), browser (Browser), etc., are used to implement various application services. The program implementing the method of the embodiment of the present disclosure may be contained in an application program.
In the above embodiment, the processor may be further configured to call a program or an instruction stored in the memory, specifically, may be a program or an instruction stored in an application program:
the steps of the above method are performed.
The method described above may be applied in a processor or implemented by a processor. The processor may be an integrated circuit chip having signal processing capabilities. In implementation, the steps of the above method may be performed by integrated logic circuits of hardware in a processor or by instructions in the form of software. The Processor may be a general purpose Processor, a digital signal Processor (DIGITAL SIGNAL Processor, DSP), an Application SPECIFIC INTEGRATED Circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (Field Programmable GATEARRAY, FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic device, a discrete hardware component. The methods, steps and logic blocks disclosed above may be implemented or performed. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like. The steps of a method as disclosed above may be embodied directly in hardware for execution by a decoding processor, or in a combination of hardware and software modules in a decoding processor. The software modules may be located in a random access memory, flash memory, read only memory, programmable read only memory, or electrically erasable programmable memory, registers, etc. as well known in the art. The storage medium is located in a memory, and the processor reads the information in the memory and, in combination with its hardware, performs the steps of the above method.
It is to be understood that the embodiments described herein may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, middleware, microcode, or a combination thereof. For a hardware implementation, the Processing units may be implemented within one or more Application SPECIFIC INTEGRATED Circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DIGITAL SIGNAL Processing, DSPs), digital signal Processing devices (DSP DEVICE, DSPD), programmable logic devices (Programmable Logic Device, PLDs), field-Programmable gate arrays (Field-Programmable GATE ARRAY, FPGA), general purpose processors, controllers, micro-controllers, microprocessors, other electronic units for performing the functions described herein, or a combination thereof.
For a software implementation, the inventive techniques may be implemented with functional modules (e.g., procedures, functions, and so on) that perform the inventive functions. The software codes may be stored in a memory and executed by a processor. The memory may be implemented within the processor or external to the processor.
The present invention may also provide a non-volatile storage medium for storing a computer program. The steps of the above-described method embodiments may be implemented when the computer program is executed by a processor.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and are not limiting. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which is intended to be covered by the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A quantitative analysis method for time-varying characteristics of a multi-path channel of underwater acoustic communication comprises the following steps:
Step 1: acquiring underwater sound multi-path time-varying channel impulse response;
step 2: calculating a channel average correlation coefficient by utilizing a channel autocorrelation function according to the underwater sound multi-path time-varying channel impulse response;
Step 3: carrying out quantization evaluation on the time-varying characteristics of the multi-path channel according to the calculated channel average correlation coefficient;
The calculation formula of the channel average correlation coefficient CACC in the step 2 is as follows:
Wherein N' represents the number of static channels comprised by the time-varying channel; Δn e [0,1, ], N' -1];
Representing a channel autocorrelation function, representing a correlation coefficient between two channels having a time difference of deltan;
The channel autocorrelation function The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein n 0 represents time; h represents a conjugate transpose;
Representing the multipath time-varying channel impulse response:
Wherein T represents a transpose; n a represents the number of non-causal taps of the channel; n c represents the number of channel causal taps; indicating the N-th moment channel N c -1 tap strength.
2. The quantitative analysis method for the time-varying characteristics of the underwater acoustic communication multi-path channel according to claim 1, wherein the step 1 comprises:
The underwater sound multi-path time-varying channel impulse response is obtained by carrying out pulse compression on the received sound signal.
3. The quantitative analysis method for the time-varying characteristics of the underwater acoustic communication multi-path channel according to claim 1, wherein the step1 comprises:
and acquiring the underwater sound multi-path time-varying channel impulse response through a channel estimation algorithm.
4. The quantitative analysis method for the time-varying characteristics of the multiple-path channel of the underwater acoustic communication according to claim 1, wherein the quantitative evaluation of the time-varying characteristics of the multiple-path channel is as follows:
the smaller the value of the channel average correlation coefficient, the stronger the channel time-variability.
5. A system for quantitatively analyzing time-varying characteristics of a multi-path channel of underwater acoustic communication, implemented according to the method of any one of claims 1 to 4, said system comprising:
the channel impulse response acquisition module is used for acquiring the underwater sound multi-path time-varying channel impulse response;
The channel average correlation coefficient calculating module is used for calculating the channel average correlation coefficient by utilizing the channel autocorrelation function according to the underwater sound multi-path time-varying channel impulse response; and
And the evaluation module is used for quantitatively evaluating the time-varying characteristics of the multi-path channel according to the calculated channel average correlation coefficient.
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