CN117374700B - Ultrafast laser pulse compression device and method based on grating line spacing change - Google Patents
Ultrafast laser pulse compression device and method based on grating line spacing change Download PDFInfo
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- CN117374700B CN117374700B CN202311681865.4A CN202311681865A CN117374700B CN 117374700 B CN117374700 B CN 117374700B CN 202311681865 A CN202311681865 A CN 202311681865A CN 117374700 B CN117374700 B CN 117374700B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/005—Optical devices external to the laser cavity, specially adapted for lasers, e.g. for homogenisation of the beam or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping
- H01S3/0057—Temporal shaping, e.g. pulse compression, frequency chirping
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- G—PHYSICS
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/005—Optical components external to the laser cavity, specially adapted therefor, e.g. for homogenisation or merging of the beams or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping
- H01S5/0057—Optical components external to the laser cavity, specially adapted therefor, e.g. for homogenisation or merging of the beams or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping for temporal shaping, e.g. pulse compression, frequency chirping
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Abstract
The invention relates to laser pulse compression, in particular to an ultrafast laser pulse compression device and method based on the change of the reticle pitch of a grating, wherein the ultrafast laser pulse compression device comprises a first grating component and a second grating component with the fixed reticle pitch, the first grating component and the second grating component are arranged in parallel, the position, with the same reticle pitch, of the second grating component is overlapped with the normal line of the position, irradiated to the first grating component, of a beam to be compressed, and the dispersion provided by the ultrafast laser pulse compression device formed by the first grating component and the second grating component is used for compressing the pulse width of the beam to be compressed; the technical scheme provided by the invention can effectively overcome the defect that the high-order dispersion provided by the pulse compression device is inconvenient to regulate and control in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to laser pulse compression, in particular to an ultrafast laser pulse compression device and method based on grating line spacing change.
Background
Ultra-fast laser is widely applied to the fields of industry, medical treatment, scientific research and the like, and is required to obtain ultra-short laser pulse with high peak power and narrow pulse width by adopting a pulse compression device at the rear end of a laser system. Currently, pulse compression using diffraction gratings is a more efficient way.
The grating line spacing of the diffraction grating pulse compression device in the prior art is fixed, and the dispersion provided by the pulse compression device is determined by the line density, the laser wavelength and the grating vertical spacing, but the high-order dispersion still needs to be matched through the front end of the laser system.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention provides an ultrafast laser pulse compression device and an ultrafast laser pulse compression method based on grating line spacing change, which can effectively overcome the defect that the prior art is inconvenient to regulate and control high-order dispersion provided by the pulse compression device.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the ultrafast laser pulse compression device based on the change of the grating line spacing comprises a first grating component with fixed line spacing and a second grating component with variable line spacing, wherein the first grating component and the second grating component are arranged in parallel, and the position, with the same line spacing as the first grating component, on the second grating component coincides with the normal line of the position, irradiated to the first grating component, of a light beam to be compressed;
the ultra-fast laser pulse compression device comprises a first grating component and a second grating component, wherein dispersion provided by the ultra-fast laser pulse compression device compresses pulse width of pulses in a light beam to be compressed.
Preferably, the first grating assembly and the second grating assembly are both reflective gratings or are both transmissive gratings or are a combination of reflective and transmissive gratings.
Preferably, the laser pulse compression device also comprises a high-low mirror for returning the diffracted light beam output by the second grating component to the ultrafast laser pulse compression device for pulse width compression again;
the horizontal plane projection of the return light beam is overlapped with the horizontal plane projection of the diffraction light beam output by the second grating component.
An ultrafast laser pulse compression method based on grating line spacing change comprises the following steps:
s1, the light beam to be compressed irradiates to the position A of the first grating component to be diffracted, and the incident angle and the diffraction angle are respectively theta i 、θ d ；
S2, moving the second grating assembly to enable the position B, which has the same line spacing with the first grating assembly, on the second grating assembly to coincide with the normal line of the position A, where the beam to be compressed irradiates the first grating assembly;
s3, the diffraction beam output by the first grating component irradiates to the C position of the second grating component to be diffracted, and the incident angle and the diffraction angle are respectively theta in 、θ dn The dispersion provided by the ultrafast laser pulse compression device consisting of the first grating component and the second grating component is realized to compress the pulse width of the pulse in the light beam to be compressed;
wherein, the reticle pitch of the first grating component is fixed, the reticle pitch of the second grating component is changed, and the first grating component and the second grating component are placed in parallel, then theta d =θ in 。
Preferably, the incidence angle and the diffraction angle of the first grating assembly and the second grating assembly each satisfy respective diffraction equations:
，
，
where λ is the beam center wavelength.
Preferably, the first grating assembly has a scribe line pitch d;
the reticle pitch of the second grating assembly is represented by the following formula:
，
wherein n=1, 2,3 …, N is the number of scribe lines of the second grating element;
when (when)When constant, the scribe line pitch of the second grating element +.>Linear variation; when->I.e. +.>The line pitch of the second grating element is +.>Nonlinear variation.
Preferably, when the first grating assembly and the second grating assembly are both reflective gratings, and the second grating assembly has a scribe line pitchWhen linearly changing:
，
due toWherein L is g For the vertical grating spacing between the first and second grating assemblies, then N satisfies the following equation:
，
the total phase shift introduced by the optical path and grating diffraction after the light beam to be compressed passes through the first grating component and the second grating component is as follows:
，
wherein,；
second-order dispersion D provided by ultrafast laser pulse compression device composed of first grating component and second grating component 2 Third-order dispersion D 3 The method comprises the following steps of:
，
，
wherein c is the speed of light.
Preferably, when the first grating assembly and the second grating assembly are both reflective gratings, and the second grating assembly has a scribe line pitchWhen nonlinear changes:
，
due toWherein L is g For the vertical grating spacing between the first and second grating assemblies, then N satisfies the following equation:
，
the total phase shift introduced by the optical path and grating diffraction after the light beam to be compressed passes through the first grating component and the second grating component is as follows:，
wherein,；
second-order dispersion D provided by ultrafast laser pulse compression device composed of first grating component and second grating component 2 Third-order dispersion D 3 The method comprises the following steps of:
，
，
wherein c is the speed of light.
Preferably, when the first grating assembly and the second grating assembly are both transmissive gratings:
when the light beam to be compressed is incident to the first grating component and the second grating component, the light beam is transmitted and diffracted, the diffraction process is consistent with the diffraction process when the light beam is the reflection grating, and the second-order dispersion D provided by the ultrafast laser pulse compression device formed by the first grating component and the second grating component 2 Third-order dispersion D 3 The method comprises the following steps of:
，
，
wherein L is g And c is the light speed, which is the vertical grating spacing between the first grating component and the second grating component.
Compared with the prior art, the ultrafast laser pulse compression device and method based on the grating line spacing change can realize effective regulation and control of high-order dispersion provided by the pulse compression device by adjusting the grating line spacing of the grating.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It is evident that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention and that other drawings may be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort for a person of ordinary skill in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an optical path of a dual-grating pulse compression device based on a variable pitch-reticle reflection grating in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an optical path of a dual-grating pulse compression device based on a variable reticle pitch transmission grating in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an optical path of a dual-path pulse compression device based on a variable pitch grating;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an optical path of a dual-path pulse compression device based on a variable reticle pitch transmission grating in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an optical path of a single grating pulse compression device based on a variable pitch grating reflection grating according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an optical path of a single-grating pulse compression device based on a variable pitch transmission grating according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The ultrafast laser pulse compression device based on the change of the grating line spacing comprises a first grating component with fixed line spacing and a second grating component with variable line spacing, wherein the first grating component and the second grating component are arranged in parallel, and the position, with the same line spacing as the first grating component, on the second grating component coincides with the normal line of the position, irradiated to the first grating component, of a light beam to be compressed;
the ultra-fast laser pulse compression device comprises a first grating component and a second grating component, wherein dispersion provided by the ultra-fast laser pulse compression device compresses pulse width of pulses in a light beam to be compressed.
The first grating assembly and the second grating assembly are either reflective gratings (as shown in fig. 1 and 3) or transmissive gratings (as shown in fig. 2 and 4) or a combination of reflective and transmissive gratings.
In the technical scheme, as shown in fig. 3 and fig. 4, the device further comprises a high-low mirror for enabling the diffracted light beam output by the second grating component to return to the ultrafast laser pulse compression device for pulse width compression again;
the horizontal plane projection of the return light beam is overlapped with the horizontal plane projection of the diffraction light beam output by the second grating component.
In the technical scheme, the application also discloses an ultrafast laser pulse compression method based on the grating line spacing change, which comprises the following steps:
s1, the light beam to be compressed irradiates to the position A of the first grating component to be diffracted, and the incident angle and the diffraction angle are respectively theta i 、θ d ；
S2, moving the second grating assembly to enable the position B, which has the same line spacing with the first grating assembly, on the second grating assembly to coincide with the normal line of the position A, where the beam to be compressed irradiates the first grating assembly;
s3, the diffraction beam output by the first grating component irradiates to the C position of the second grating component to be diffracted, and the incident angle and the diffraction angle are respectively theta in 、θ dn The dispersion provided by the ultrafast laser pulse compression device consisting of the first grating component and the second grating component is realized to compress the pulse width of the pulse in the light beam to be compressed;
wherein, the reticle pitch of the first grating component is fixed, the reticle pitch of the second grating component is changed, and the first grating component and the second grating component are placed in parallel, then theta d =θ in 。
1) The incidence angle and the diffraction angle of the first grating component and the second grating component all meet respective diffraction equations:
，
，
where λ is the beam center wavelength.
2) The reticle pitch of the first grating component is d;
the reticle pitch of the second grating assembly is represented by:
，
wherein n=1, 2,3 …, N is the number of scribe lines of the second grating element;
when (when)When constant, the scribe line pitch of the second grating element +.>Linear variation; when->I.e. +.>The line pitch of the second grating element is +.>Nonlinear variation.
As shown in fig. 1, the dual-grating pulse compression device is based on a variable reticle pitch reflection grating (i.e., the first grating component and the second grating component are both reflection gratings):
1) Reticle pitch of second grating assemblyWhen linearly changing:
，
due toWherein L is g For the vertical spacing of the gratings between the first grating assembly and the second grating assembly, N is fullThe following formula:
，
the total phase shift introduced by the optical path and grating diffraction after the light beam to be compressed passes through the first grating component and the second grating component is as follows:
，
wherein,；
second-order dispersion D provided by ultrafast laser pulse compression device composed of first grating component and second grating component 2 Third-order dispersion D 3 The method comprises the following steps of:
，
，
wherein c is the speed of light.
2) Reticle pitch of second grating assemblyWhen nonlinear changes:
，
due toWherein L is g For the vertical grating spacing between the first and second grating assemblies, then N satisfies the following equation:
，
the total phase shift introduced by the optical path and grating diffraction after the light beam to be compressed passes through the first grating component and the second grating component is as follows:
，
wherein,；
second-order dispersion D provided by ultrafast laser pulse compression device composed of first grating component and second grating component 2 Third-order dispersion D 3 The method comprises the following steps of:
，
，
wherein c is the speed of light.
It can be seen that the dual-grating pulse compression device based on the variable-pitch reflection grating is compared with the conventional diffraction grating pulse compression device with fixed pitch, except that the pulse compression device is composed of a grating density of 1/d, a laser wavelength lambda and a grating vertical pitch L g Determining dispersion can also be accomplished by adjusting the reticle pitch of the second grating assemblyThe high-order dispersion provided by the pulse compression device can be effectively regulated and controlled.
As shown in fig. 2, in the dual-grating pulse compression device based on the variable-reticle-pitch transmission grating (i.e., the first grating element and the second grating element are both transmission gratings), when the light beam to be compressed is incident on the first grating element and the second grating element, the light beam is transmitted and diffracted, and the diffraction process is consistent with that when the first grating element and the second grating element are both reflection gratings. At this time, second-order dispersion D provided by an ultrafast laser pulse compression device composed of a first grating component and a second grating component 2 Third-order dispersion D 3 The method comprises the following steps of:
，
，
wherein L is g And c is the light speed, which is the vertical grating spacing between the first grating component and the second grating component.
As shown in fig. 3, in the dual-optical path pulse compression device based on the reflection grating with variable reticle pitch, after the light beam is diffracted and output by the second grating component, the high-low mirror makes the diffracted light beam output by the second grating component return to the ultrafast laser pulse compression device for pulse width compression again, and the return light beam output by the high-low mirror only changes in height, and the horizontal plane projection of the return light beam coincides with the horizontal plane projection of the diffracted light beam output by the second grating component. At this time, the ultrafast laser pulse compression apparatus composed of the first grating assembly and the second grating assembly provides dispersion twice as much as that of fig. 1, i.e., second-order dispersion D 2 Third-order dispersion D 3 The method comprises the following steps of:
，
。
as shown in fig. 4, the principle of the dual-optical path pulse compression device based on the variable-reticle-pitch transmission grating is similar to that of fig. 3. At this time, the ultrafast laser pulse compression apparatus composed of the first grating assembly and the second grating assembly provides dispersion twice as much as that of fig. 1, i.e., second-order dispersion D 2 Third-order dispersion D 3 The method comprises the following steps of:
，
。
in the technical scheme of the application, two single grating pulse compression devices based on the variable reticle spacing are also provided, and are respectively shown in fig. 5 and 6.
As shown in fig. 5, the single-grating pulse compression device based on the variable-pitch reflection grating is configured such that after the compressed light beam is output by diffraction of the reflection grating, the light beam is reflected by the right-angle reflection mirror and is subjected to second diffraction by the reflection grating, and the output diffracted light beam returns to the ultrafast laser pulse compression device by the high-low mirror for further pulse width compression. At this time, the ultrafast laser pulse compression device composed of a single grating (reflection grating) provides dispersion twice as much as that in fig. 1, i.e., second-order dispersion D 2 Third-order dispersion D 3 The method comprises the following steps of:
，
。
as shown in fig. 6, the principle of the single-grating pulse compression device based on the variable-reticle-pitch transmission grating is similar to that of fig. 5, and the right-angle reflecting mirror and the high-low mirror are added to enable the light beam to be compressed to generate four times of diffraction on the transmission grating, so that twice pulse width compression is formed. At this time, the ultrafast laser pulse compression device constituted of a single grating (transmission grating) provides a dispersion twice that in fig. 1, i.e., second-order dispersion D 2 Third-order dispersion D 3 The method comprises the following steps of:
，
。
the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. Ultrafast laser pulse compression device based on grating line spacing changes, its characterized in that: the device comprises a first grating component with fixed line spacing and a second grating component with variable line spacing, wherein the first grating component and the second grating component are arranged in parallel, and the position, with the same line spacing as the first grating component, on the second grating component coincides with the normal line of the position, irradiated to the first grating component, of a light beam to be compressed;
the ultra-fast laser pulse compression device comprises a first grating component and a second grating component, wherein dispersion provided by the ultra-fast laser pulse compression device compresses pulse width of pulses in a light beam to be compressed.
2. The ultrafast laser pulse compression device based on grating line pitch variation according to claim 1, wherein: the first grating component and the second grating component are both reflection gratings or transmission gratings or a combination of the reflection gratings and the transmission gratings.
3. The ultrafast laser pulse compression device based on grating line spacing variation according to claim 2, wherein: the high-low mirror is used for enabling the diffraction light beam output by the second grating component to return to the ultrafast laser pulse compression device for carrying out pulse width compression again;
the horizontal plane projection of the return light beam is overlapped with the horizontal plane projection of the diffraction light beam output by the second grating component.
4. The ultrafast laser pulse compression method based on the grating line spacing change is applied to the ultrafast laser pulse compression device based on the grating line spacing change, and is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, the light beam to be compressed irradiates to the position A of the first grating component to be diffracted, and the incident angle and the diffraction angle are respectively theta i 、θ d ；
S2, moving the second grating assembly to enable the position B, which has the same line spacing with the first grating assembly, on the second grating assembly to coincide with the normal line of the position A, where the beam to be compressed irradiates the first grating assembly;
s3, the diffraction beam output by the first grating component irradiates to the C position of the second grating component to be diffracted, and the incident angle and the diffraction angle are respectively theta in 、θ dn The dispersion provided by the ultrafast laser pulse compression device consisting of the first grating component and the second grating component is realized to compress the pulse width of the pulse in the light beam to be compressed;
wherein, the reticle pitch of the first grating component is fixed, the reticle pitch of the second grating component is changed, and the first grating component and the second grating component are placed in parallel, then theta d =θ in 。
5. The ultra-fast laser pulse compression method based on grating line spacing variation according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the incidence angle and the diffraction angle of the first grating component and the second grating component all meet respective diffraction equations:
，
，
where lambda is the beam center wavelength, d is the reticle pitch of the first grating element,is a second grating componentIs a scribe line pitch of (a).
6. The ultra-fast laser pulse compression method based on grating line spacing variation according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the reticle pitch of the second grating assembly is represented by the following formula:
，
wherein n=1, 2,3 …, N is the number of scribe lines of the second grating element;
when (when)When constant, the scribe line pitch of the second grating element +.>Linear variation; when->I.e. +.>The line pitch of the second grating element is +.>Nonlinear variation.
7. The ultra-fast laser pulse compression method based on grating line pitch variation according to claim 6, wherein: when the first grating component and the second grating component are both reflection gratings, and the reticle spacing of the second grating componentWhen linearly changing:
，
due toWherein L is g For the vertical grating spacing between the first and second grating assemblies, then N satisfies the following equation:
，
the total phase shift introduced by the optical path and grating diffraction after the light beam to be compressed passes through the first grating component and the second grating component is as follows:
，
wherein,；
second-order dispersion D provided by ultrafast laser pulse compression device composed of first grating component and second grating component 2 Third-order dispersion D 3 The method comprises the following steps of:
，
，
wherein c is the speed of light.
8. The ultra-fast laser pulse compression method based on grating line pitch variation according to claim 6, wherein: when the first grating component and the second grating component are both reflection gratings, and the reticle spacing of the second grating componentWhen nonlinear changes:
，
due toWherein L is g For the vertical grating spacing between the first and second grating assemblies, then N satisfies the following equation:
，
the total phase shift introduced by the optical path and grating diffraction after the light beam to be compressed passes through the first grating component and the second grating component is as follows:
，
wherein,；
second-order dispersion D provided by ultrafast laser pulse compression device composed of first grating component and second grating component 2 Third-order dispersion D 3 The method comprises the following steps of:
，
，
wherein c is the speed of light.
9. The ultra-fast laser pulse compression method based on grating line pitch variation according to claim 6, wherein: when the first grating assembly and the second grating assembly are both transmissive gratings:
the light beam to be compressed is incident to the first grating component and the second grating componentThe time transmission and diffraction are generated, the diffraction process is consistent with the diffraction process when the time transmission and diffraction grating is a reflection grating, and the second-order dispersion D is provided by an ultrafast laser pulse compression device consisting of a first grating component and a second grating component 2 Third-order dispersion D 3 The method comprises the following steps of:
，
，
wherein L is g And c is the light speed, which is the vertical grating spacing between the first grating component and the second grating component.
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