CN117362040A - Aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 186
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 179
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 235000015895 biscuits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000013354 porous framework Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000009715 pressure infiltration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000000110 selective laser sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical group [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004100 electronic packaging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000013499 data model Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010017 direct printing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 108010082495 Dietary Plant Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940077388 benzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021426 porous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/56—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides
- C04B35/565—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides based on silicon carbide
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
- C04B35/638—Removal thereof
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/40—Metallic constituents or additives not added as binding phase
- C04B2235/402—Aluminium
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
- C04B2235/6567—Treatment time
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- C04B2235/6581—Total pressure below 1 atmosphere, e.g. vacuum
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/66—Specific sintering techniques, e.g. centrifugal sintering
- C04B2235/665—Local sintering, e.g. laser sintering
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field related to metal ceramic additive manufacturing, and discloses an aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the method comprises the following steps: (1) Mixing silicon carbide with different particle size distributions with a binder to form composite powder serving as a raw material, and printing by using laser sintering equipment to obtain a silicon carbide biscuit; (2) Soaking the silicon carbide blank in 10-30% silica sol for 2-4 hr, and degreasing the soaked silicon carbide blank to obtain a silicon carbide preform; (3) And performing pre-oxidation treatment on the silicon carbide preform to obtain a silicon carbide porous framework, and performing vacuum pressure infiltration on the silicon carbide porous framework to obtain the aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material. The invention has the characteristics of high performance, rapid forming of complex structure, stable interface between silicon carbide and aluminum alloy, and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field related to metal ceramic additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to an aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The SiC/Al composite material has high thermal conductivity, excellent mechanical property, low thermal expansion coefficient and other properties, and is an important material in the fields of aerospace, electronic packaging, thermal management and the like. With the development of high-performance components with more complex structures in critical equipment, higher requirements are also put on the preparation and processing technology of SiC/Al composite materials. In general, methods for preparing SiC/Al composite materials mainly include powder metallurgy, casting, and infiltration. However, these conventional methods face challenges such as low density, internal defects, difficulty in precisely controlling local composition and structure, etc., when manufacturing SiC/Al composite parts having complex structures. The SiC/Al composite material formed by the traditional method has great difficulty in subsequent processing, and the existing processing method of the aluminum-based silicon carbide structural member has high cutter requirements, high processing difficulty and high cost as described in the processing method of the aluminum-based silicon carbide structural member of the gyroscope for ZL201110256283.2 aerospace. Thus, it is difficult to meet the need for rapid manufacturing of personalized, refined, lightweight, complex SiC/Al composite components, which greatly limits the development and application of SiC/Al composites.
The method for preparing the aluminum-based silicon carbide by adopting the additive manufacturing technology at present mainly comprises two preparation methods of direct printing forming (laser powder bed melting, SLM) and indirect printing combined post-treatment forming (laser powder bed sintering, SLS). The aluminum powder and the silicon carbide particles are directly sintered, melted and molded, and the silicon carbide is molded into a preform by adding an organic or inorganic binder, and the preform is impregnated with aluminum liquid in a pressure or non-pressure mode after degreasing to obtain the final aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material. The SiC/Al composite material formed by direct printing is not excessively high in volume fraction (lower than 20%), and excessively high in silicon carbide content, so that excessive side reaction in the printing process can be caused, and the SiC/Al composite material is more in defects and even cannot be formed; for the indirectly formed SiC/Al composite material, the volume fraction of the SiC/Al composite material can be regulated and controlled between 30 and 70 percent, and the finished product has few defects, high precision and strong consistency.
Compared with direct printing forming, the method of combining indirect printing with post-treatment forming firstly solves two very key problems: (1) The use of an inorganic binder introduces more other phases, which will lead to a reduction in the silicon carbide content, and therefore an organic binder is used as binder for the formation of the silicon carbide preform. The use of the organic binder remains in the preform in the form of carbon residue after degreasing, and although carbon residue can be removed by pre-oxidation, the mechanical strength of the preform is drastically reduced or even pulverized while the carbon residue is removed by pre-oxidation. (2) The residual carbon can directly react with the aluminum liquid to generate brittle phase Al 4 C 3 The presence of such a phase can lead to a drastic decrease in the properties of the composite. On the other hand, free carbon residue and Al formed 4 C 3 The phase causes severe delamination (indicated as a in fig. 2).
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or improvement demands of the prior art, the invention provides an aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the preparation method not only plays the advantages of selective laser sintering in the aspect of preparing the aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material, but also solves the problem of carbon residue after degreasing by an organic binder, improves the mechanical property of a preform, improves the interface between aluminum alloy and silicon carbide particles, and finally obtains the SiC/Al composite material with stable performance.
In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing an aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) Mixing silicon carbide with different particle size distributions with a binder to form composite powder serving as a raw material, and printing by using laser sintering equipment to obtain a silicon carbide biscuit;
(2) Soaking the silicon carbide blank in 10-30% silica sol for 2-4 hr, and degreasing the soaked silicon carbide blank to obtain a silicon carbide preform;
(3) And performing pre-oxidation treatment on the silicon carbide preform to obtain a silicon carbide porous framework, and performing vacuum pressure infiltration on the silicon carbide porous framework to obtain the aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material.
In the step (1), firstly, silicon carbide particles with different particle sizes and a binder are mixed in a mechanical mixing mode; then, a digital model is built on the structure to be prepared by utilizing three-dimensional drawing software, the digital model is converted into an STL file, and the STL file is imported into the selective laser sintering equipment; and finally, adding the mixed material into selective laser sintering equipment for printing to obtain the silicon carbide biscuit.
Further, the silicon carbide particles include silicon carbide coarse particles and silicon carbide fine particles, and the particle diameter ratio of the silicon carbide coarse particles to the silicon carbide fine particles is 3:1 to 9:1, the mass ratio of the silicon carbide coarse powder is 40-90%, the mass ratio of the silicon carbide fine powder is 40-90%, and the mass content of the binder is 5-20%.
Further, the temperature of the pre-paving powder bed is 25-45 ℃, and the printing parameters of selective laser sintering are as follows: the laser power is 6W-12W, the filling speed is 1500 mm/s-2500 mm/s, and the filling thickness is 0.1 mm-0.2 mm.
Further, in the degreasing process, the heat preservation temperature is 600-800 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 1.5-3 h.
Further, the pre-oxidation temperature is 950-1400 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1-4 hours; the vacuum infiltration pressure is 1 MPa-9 MPa, the infiltration temperature is 700-900 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2-4 h.
Further, the particle diameters of the silicon carbide coarse particles and the silicon carbide fine particles are 40 mu m and 10 mu m respectively, the binder is epoxy resin, and the mass content of the binder is 15%; the printing parameters are that the laser power is 8W, the filling speed is 1500mm/s, and the filling thickness is 0.15mm; soaking the silicon carbide blank in silica sol with the concentration of 15% for 2 hours; the heat preservation temperature in the degreasing process is 600 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1.5h; the pre-oxidation temperature is 1000 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 2 hours.
Further, the particle diameters of the silicon carbide coarse particles and the silicon carbide fine particles are respectively 90 mu m and 10 mu m, the binder is phenolic resin, and the content of the binder is 15%; the printing parameters are that the laser power is 12W, the filling speed is 2500mm/s, and the filling thickness is 0.2mm; soaking the silicon carbide blank in silica sol with the concentration of 20% for 4 hours; the heat preservation temperature in the degreasing process is 800 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2 hours; the pre-oxidation temperature is 1200 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1.5h.
The invention also provides an aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material, which is prepared by adopting the preparation method of the aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material.
The invention also provides application of the aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material in electronic packaging, aerospace and automobiles.
In general, compared with the prior art, the aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material and the preparation method and application thereof have the following advantages:
1. according to the invention, the SiC/Al composite material with uniform structure and excellent performance is prepared by combining indirect printing (laser powder bed sintering and SLS) with post-treatment molding, and the SiC/Al composite material subjected to silica sol infiltration and pre-oxidation treatment has uniform surface, no obvious pore defect and good interface contact between silicon carbide and aluminum alloy.
2. The silica sol and the pre-oxidation process are coordinated to play a role in synergistically reinforcing the preform, and after pre-oxidation, nano silica particles and a silica layer on the surface of the silicon carbide particles are adhered, so that the introduction of the silica sol and the pre-oxidation process have an important process synergistic effect, and the pre-oxidation ensures that the silica layer generated on the surface of the silicon carbide particles can be adhered with the nano silica and can protect the silicon carbide from side reaction with an aluminum alloy solution at a high temperature.
3. After degreasing, the silica sol still helps to preserve the shape and strength of the silicon carbide preform, and the invention does not need to be subjected to a high-temperature sintering step, so that the step of high energy consumption is avoided, and near-net forming of low-shrinkage high-complexity parts can be realized.
4. In order to better impregnate the silica sol into the preform, a surfactant is used to facilitate reducing the viscosity of the silica sol.
5. The degreased silicon carbide preform contains a large amount of carbon residues, which affect the microstructure and performance of the SiC/Al composite material, and for this purpose, a pre-oxidation treatment is further performed to ensure the microstructure and performance of the SiC/Al composite material.
6. The vacuum pressure is adopted to soak the aluminum alloy, so that the gas in the porous silicon carbide preform can be removed, and meanwhile, the aluminum liquid can be soaked into vacancies generated in the sintering process of the binder through pressure, so that the SiC/Al composite material with compact structure is formed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the STL format of an aluminum-based silicon carbide mirror prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
(a) and (b) in fig. 2 are the surface morphology of the SiC/Al composite material which has not been subjected to silica sol impregnation and pre-oxidation treatment and the surface morphology of the SiC/Al composite material which has been subjected to silica sol impregnation and pre-oxidation treatment, respectively;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing flexural mechanical properties of a silica sol impregnated and pre-oxidized SiC/Al composite material prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In addition, the technical features of the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.
The invention provides a preparation method of an aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material, which mainly comprises the following steps:
and step one, mixing silicon carbide with different particle size distributions and a binder to form composite powder serving as a raw material, and printing by using laser sintering equipment to obtain a silicon carbide biscuit.
Specifically, first, silicon carbide particles of different particle diameters are mixed with a binder by mechanical mixing. Wherein the silicon carbide particles comprise silicon carbide coarse particles and silicon carbide fine particles, and the particle size ratio of the silicon carbide coarse particles to the silicon carbide fine particles is 3:1 to 9:1, 40-90% of silicon carbide coarse powder, 40-90% of silicon carbide fine powder and 5-20% of binder; the binder is an organic binder such as epoxy resin, phenolic resin, polymethyl methacrylate, etc.
And then, a digital model is built on the structure to be prepared by utilizing three-dimensional drawing software, the digital model is converted into an STL file, and the STL file is imported into the selective area laser sintering equipment. Wherein, the temperature of the pre-paving powder bed is 25 ℃ to 45 ℃, and the printing parameters of selective laser sintering are as follows: the laser power is 6W-12W, the filling speed is 1500 mm/s-2500 mm/s, and the filling thickness is 0.1 mm-0.2 mm.
And finally, adding the mixed material into selective laser sintering equipment for printing to obtain the silicon carbide biscuit.
And secondly, soaking the silicon carbide blank in a silica sol with the concentration of 10-30% for 2-4 hours, and degreasing the soaked silicon carbide blank to obtain a silicon carbide preform.
Specifically, in order to better impregnate the silica sol into the preform, surfactants are used herein, mainly alkyl benzene sulfonate type anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, animal and vegetable proteins, and various complex surfactants which help to reduce the viscosity of the silica sol. In the degreasing process, the heat preservation temperature is 600-800 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 1.5-3 h.
And thirdly, performing pre-oxidation treatment on the silicon carbide preform to obtain a silicon carbide porous framework, and performing vacuum pressure infiltration on the silicon carbide porous framework to obtain the aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material.
Specifically, the degreased silicon carbide preform contains a large amount of carbon residues, which affects the microstructure and performance of the SiC/Al composite material, so that the SiC/Al composite material is required to be subjected to pre-oxidation treatment at 950-1400 ℃ for 1-4 hours. The vacuum infiltration pressure is 1 MPa-9 MPa, the infiltration temperature is 700-900 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2-4 h.
The invention also provides an aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material, which is prepared by adopting the preparation method of the aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material.
The invention also provides application of the aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material in electronic packaging, aerospace and automobiles.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, the SiC/Al composite material in this embodiment is prepared by using silicon carbide powder with different particle sizes and 6063Al as main raw materials and adopting indirect printing (laser powder bed sintering, SLS) combined with post-treatment forming.
The SiC/Al composite material in the embodiment is prepared by the following method:
s1, adding composite powder formed by mixing silicon carbide with different particle size distributions and a binder into Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) equipment for printing to obtain a silicon carbide biscuit; the method comprises the following specific steps:
(a) Firstly, mixing silicon carbide particles with different particle sizes with a binder in a mechanical mixing mode, wherein the particle sizes of the silicon carbide coarse particles and the silicon carbide fine particles are 40 mu m and 10 mu m respectively, the binder is epoxy resin, and the mass content of the binder is 15%.
(b) The complex reflector (shown in figure 1) to be prepared is used for establishing a data model by utilizing three-dimensional drawing software, the data model is converted into an STL file, and then the STL is imported into the selective area laser sintering equipment.
(c) Adding the composite powder obtained in the step (a) into selective laser sintering equipment (SLS) for printing, wherein the printing parameters are that the laser power is 8W, the filling speed is 1500mm/s, the filling thickness is 0.15mm, and obtaining the final silicon carbide reflector biscuit after printing.
S2, soaking the silicon carbide blank in the silica sol with the concentration of 15% for 2 hours, wherein no pressure is applied in the process.
And S3, degreasing the silicon carbide biscuit soaked in the silica sol, wherein the temperature preservation in the degreasing process is 600 ℃, and the temperature preservation time is 1.5h, and then obtaining the silicon carbide preform.
S4, performing pre-oxidation treatment on the silicon carbide preform. The degreased silicon carbide preform contains a large amount of carbon residues, which affects the microstructure and performance of the SiC/Al composite material, so that the SiC/Al composite material is necessary to be subjected to pre-oxidation treatment, the pre-oxidation temperature is 1000 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2 hours, and then the final silicon carbide porous skeleton is obtained.
S5, vacuum pressure infiltration of the silicon carbide porous framework into the aluminum alloy is carried out. The vacuum infiltration pressure is 6MPa, the infiltration temperature is 750 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2 hours, so that the final SiC/Al composite material is obtained.
Example 2
The SiC/Al composite material in the embodiment is prepared by taking silicon carbide powder with different particle sizes and 6063Al as main raw materials and adopting indirect printing (laser powder bed sintering, SLS) combined post-treatment molding.
The SiC/Al composite material in the embodiment is prepared by the following method:
s1, adding composite powder formed by mixing silicon carbide with different particle size distributions and a binder into Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) equipment for printing to obtain a silicon carbide biscuit; the method comprises the following specific steps:
(a) Firstly, mixing silicon carbide particles with different particle sizes with a binder in a mechanical mixing mode, wherein the particle sizes of the silicon carbide coarse particles and the silicon carbide fine particles are respectively 90 mu m and 10 mu m, the binder is phenolic resin, and the content of the binder is 15%.
(b) The complex reflector (shown in figure 1) to be prepared is used for establishing a data model by utilizing three-dimensional drawing software, converting the data into an STL file, and then guiding the STL into a selective area laser sintering device.
(c) Adding the composite powder obtained in the step (a) into selective laser sintering equipment (SLS) for printing, wherein the printing parameters are that the laser power is 12W, the filling speed is 2500mm/s, the filling thickness is 0.2mm, and obtaining the final silicon carbide reflector biscuit after printing.
S2, soaking the silicon carbide blank in the silica sol with the concentration of 20% for 4 hours, and soaking in a vacuumized environment.
And S3, degreasing the silicon carbide biscuit soaked in the silica sol, wherein the heat preservation temperature in the degreasing process is 800 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2 hours, and then obtaining the silicon carbide preform.
S4, performing pre-oxidation treatment on the silicon carbide preform, wherein the degreased silicon carbide preform contains a large amount of carbon residues, which can affect the microstructure and performance of the SiC/Al composite material, so that the pre-oxidation treatment is necessary, the pre-oxidation temperature is 1200 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1.5h, and then the final silicon carbide porous skeleton is obtained.
And S5, vacuum pressure infiltration of the silicon carbide porous framework into the aluminum alloy is carried out, wherein the vacuum infiltration pressure is 8MPa, the infiltration temperature is 750 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3 hours, so that the final SiC/Al composite material is obtained.
The SiC/Al composite material obtained by the two embodiments has compact structure, few defects and bending strength reaching 371MPa; the bending strength of the SiC/Al composite material which is not subjected to silica sol infiltration and pre-oxidation treatment is only 245MPa, which is obviously lower than that of the SiC/Al composite material prepared by the method provided by the invention, and the aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material prepared by the preparation method provided by the invention has obvious performance strengthening effect, and meanwhile, the capability of preparing shape complex parts is realized, so that the aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material has great potential of industrial application.
It will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that the foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements or alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Mixing silicon carbide with different particle size distributions with a binder to form composite powder serving as a raw material, and printing by using laser sintering equipment to obtain a silicon carbide biscuit;
(2) Soaking the silicon carbide blank in 10-30% silica sol for 2-4 hr, and degreasing the soaked silicon carbide blank to obtain a silicon carbide preform;
(3) And performing pre-oxidation treatment on the silicon carbide preform to obtain a silicon carbide porous framework, and performing vacuum pressure infiltration on the silicon carbide porous framework to obtain the aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material.
2. The method for preparing an aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), firstly, silicon carbide particles with different particle diameters and a binder are mixed in a mechanical mixing mode; then, a digital model is built on the structure to be prepared by utilizing three-dimensional drawing software, the digital model is converted into an STL file, and the STL file is imported into the selective laser sintering equipment; and finally, adding the mixed material into selective laser sintering equipment for printing to obtain the silicon carbide biscuit.
3. The method for preparing an aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material according to claim 2, wherein: the silicon carbide particles comprise silicon carbide coarse particles and silicon carbide fine particles, and the particle size ratio of the silicon carbide coarse particles to the silicon carbide fine particles is 3:1 to 9:1, the mass ratio of the silicon carbide coarse powder is 40-90%, the mass ratio of the silicon carbide fine powder is 40-90%, and the mass content of the binder is 5-20%.
4. A method of preparing an aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material according to claim 3, wherein: the temperature of the pre-paving powder bed is 25-45 ℃, and the printing parameters of selective laser sintering are as follows: the laser power is 6W-12W, the filling speed is 1500 mm/s-2500 mm/s, and the filling thickness is 0.1 mm-0.2 mm.
5. The method of preparing an aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein: in the degreasing process, the heat preservation temperature is 600-800 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 1.5-3 h.
6. The method of preparing an aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the pre-oxidation temperature is 950-1400 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1-4 hours; the vacuum infiltration pressure is 1 MPa-9 MPa, the infiltration temperature is 700-900 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2-4 h.
7. A method of preparing an aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material according to claim 3, wherein: the particle diameters of the silicon carbide coarse particles and the silicon carbide fine particles are 40 mu m and 10 mu m respectively, the binder is epoxy resin, and the mass content of the binder is 15%; the printing parameters are that the laser power is 8W, the filling speed is 1500mm/s, and the filling thickness is 0.15mm; soaking the silicon carbide blank in silica sol with the concentration of 15% for 2 hours; the heat preservation temperature in the degreasing process is 600 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1.5h; the pre-oxidation temperature is 1000 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 2 hours.
8. A method of preparing an aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material according to claim 3, wherein: the particle diameters of the silicon carbide coarse particles and the silicon carbide fine particles are respectively 90 mu m and 10 mu m, the binder is phenolic resin, and the content of the binder is 15%; the printing parameters are that the laser power is 12W, the filling speed is 2500mm/s, and the filling thickness is 0.2mm; soaking the silicon carbide blank in silica sol with the concentration of 20% for 4 hours; the heat preservation temperature in the degreasing process is 800 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2 hours; the pre-oxidation temperature is 1200 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1.5h.
9. An aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material, characterized in that: the aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material is prepared by adopting the preparation method of the aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. Use of the aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material according to claim 9 in electronic packaging, aerospace, automotive.
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