CN117356428A - Improved rice breeding method taking space mutagenesis as main body - Google Patents
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- CN117356428A CN117356428A CN202311263189.9A CN202311263189A CN117356428A CN 117356428 A CN117356428 A CN 117356428A CN 202311263189 A CN202311263189 A CN 202311263189A CN 117356428 A CN117356428 A CN 117356428A
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- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 231100000350 mutagenesis Toxicity 0.000 title claims description 32
- 238000002703 mutagenesis Methods 0.000 title claims description 32
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000036438 mutation frequency Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003471 mutagenic agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 231100000707 mutagenic chemical Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000010152 pollination Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- MWBWWFOAEOYUST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminopurine Chemical compound NC1=NC=C2N=CNC2=N1 MWBWWFOAEOYUST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LQLQRFGHAALLLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-bromouracil Chemical compound BrC1=CNC(=O)NC1=O LQLQRFGHAALLLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000856 Amylose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 241001556089 Nilaparvata lugens Species 0.000 description 2
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous acid Chemical compound ON=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium azide Chemical compound [Na+].[N-]=[N+]=[N-] PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DZBUGLKDJFMEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acridine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 DZBUGLKDJFMEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002168 alkylating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940100198 alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 108700004675 bleomycetin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- QYOAUOAXCQAEMW-UTXKDXHTSA-N bleomycin A5 Chemical compound N([C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@H](O)C)C(=O)NCCC=1SC=C(N=1)C=1SC=C(N=1)C(=O)NCCCNCCCCN)[C@@H](O[C@H]1[C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](CO)O1)O[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H](OC(N)=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1)O)C=1N=CNC=1)C(=O)C1=NC([C@H](CC(N)=O)NC[C@H](N)C(N)=O)=NC(N)=C1C QYOAUOAXCQAEMW-UTXKDXHTSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000021329 brown rice Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002962 chemical mutagen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 102220470647 Amidophosphoribosyltransferase_Y58S_mutation Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PLUBXMRUUVWRLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl methanesulfonate Chemical compound CCOS(C)(=O)=O PLUBXMRUUVWRLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000299507 Gossypium hirsutum Species 0.000 description 1
- AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine Chemical compound ON AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000003433 Miscanthus floridulus Species 0.000 description 1
- 150000001251 acridines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001540 azides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- JJWKPURADFRFRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonyl sulfide Chemical compound O=C=S JJWKPURADFRFRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000000349 chromosome Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 231100000221 frame shift mutation induction Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000037433 frameshift Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012214 genetic breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007614 genetic variation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000086 high toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036512 infertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 231100000219 mutagenic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003505 mutagenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000306 recurrent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H6/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their botanic taxonomy
- A01H6/46—Gramineae or Poaceae, e.g. ryegrass, rice, wheat or maize
- A01H6/4636—Oryza sp. [rice]
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a rice improvement breeding method taking space mutation as a main body, which utilizes a rice variety as a female parent to carry out hybridization breeding with an early maturing, high yield and disease resistance rice variety as a male parent, then carries out space mutation treatment on hybrid seeds, then carries out south propagation and generation adding on the space mutation treated seeds, carries out backcross breeding, and finally breeds a new rice variety through multiple-generation selection. The method has the advantages of high mutation frequency, multiple mutation types and wide mutation spectrum, and realizes synchronous improvement of excellent, abundant and resistant rice and breeding.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a rice breeding method, in particular to a rice improvement breeding method taking space mutagenesis as a main body.
Background
The rice is one of the most important staple food in China, and the breeding of new rice varieties plays an important role and has significance in ensuring the quantity and quality of grains in China. The traditional physical and chemical mutagenesis technology has unsatisfactory mutagenesis effect on rice, and is more difficult to achieve synchronous improvement on the quality, yield and disease resistance of the rice. These problems have plagued breeders. Therefore, it is important to find an effective way to improve the quality of rice.
Mutation breeding refers to a method of inducing mutation by using various physical and chemical factors and then culturing new varieties by screening. Compared with the conventional breeding method, the method has the characteristics of simplicity, convenience, short breeding period, good effect and the like, plays a great role in improving crop varieties and creating new germplasm, becomes one of the advanced breeding methods commonly applied in the world, and particularly has more remarkable breeding effect in combination with the hybridization breeding technology and the modern biotechnology. The mutagenesis means used in the current breeding include physical mutagenesis, chemical mutagenesis, space mutagenesis and the like.
Chemical mutagenesis breeding began in the beginning of the 20 th century. Typical chemical mutagens are alkylating agents, base analogues, antibiotics, azides, nitrous acid, hydroxylamine, acridine and the like. The mutagenesis mechanisms can be classified into 3 categories: (1) Base analogue mutagens such as 5-bromouracil (5-BU), 2-Aminopurine (AP): (2) Mutagens such as alkylating agents, nitrous acid that directly mutagenize DNA structures; (3) Mutagens, such as acridines, antibiotics, that induce frameshift mutations. And Ethyl Methylsulfonate (EMS), sodium azide (NaN 3) and Pingyangmycin (PYM) are widely applied to crop breeding. The mutation frequency of chemical mutagenesis is not high enough, the mutagenesis effect has site specificity, single characters of plants can be improved, the comprehensive improvement effect related to multiple characters is poor, and many chemical mutagens have high toxicity and residual effect.
Physical mutagenesis is a method of inducing mutation in plants by treatment with x-rays, gamma rays, heavy ions, neutrons, laser light, and the like. Physical mutagenesis is represented by gamma rays and x rays, has strong penetrability, is easy to be absorbed by a chromosome group, has great destructiveness on chromosome structures, and has low survival rate of mutagenic offspring.
The space mutation breeding is to carry crop seeds or test tube seedlings into a return type space capsule to enter space, and the common mutation effect of special environments such as high vacuum, cosmic rays, microgravity and the like of the space is utilized to lead the organisms to generate genetic variation, then the organisms return to land, and the novel varieties with stable characteristics are formed through multiple generations of screening and cultivation. The method is an innovative combination of space biology and rice genetic breeding in China, and plays an outstanding role in rice germplasm innovation and variety breeding
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention adopts the space breeding technology of carrying hybrid seeds into earth-returning satellites and treating the seeds by space mutagenesis to solve the problems of over single conventional breeding resources and lack of high-quality seed sources. The method can creatively utilize the effects which are not achieved by chemical mutagenesis and physical mutagenesis in the aerospace process, obtain the characteristics of high mutation frequency, multiple mutation types, wide mutation spectrum and the like which are difficult to realize in a natural state, solve the problem that the quality, the yield and the disease resistance of rice are difficult to realize synchronous improvement, and realize the breeding target.
The invention realizes the above purpose through the following technical scheme:
a method for breeding improved rice mainly by space mutagenesis comprises the following steps:
(1) hybridization is carried out by taking a rice variety as a female parent and a rice variety with early maturity, high yield and disease resistance as a male parent, so as to obtain a hybrid F1;
(2) carrying F1 generation hybrid seeds on earth returning satellites for space mutagenesis treatment;
(3) carrying out south propagation and generation adding on the space mutation treated seeds;
(4) and backcross breeding is carried out by taking the excellent single plant F2 selected by south propagation and generation addition as a male parent and taking the rice as a female parent.
Adopts artificial emasculation and pollination to prepare the hybrid seed F1.
Carrying F1 seeds on earth returning satellites for space mutagenesis treatment, wherein the treatment time is 15 days, the flight time of the satellites is 175km near the earth, the flight time of the satellites is 353km far the earth, and the round of the satellites is 89.1min;
the F1 seeds after space mutagenesis are propagated and added with generation, which are planted in the three-city, hainan province, excellent single plants are selected from the seeds, and the F2 seeds are reserved after the single plants are harvested.
The excellent single plant F2 is planted according to plant lines, and the excellent variant single plant is selected as a male parent to be backcrossed to obtain backcrossed seeds.
Seed obtained by backcross breeding is planted and bred by continuous multi-generation selection pedigree method.
Drawings
Fig. 1: the invention discloses a breeding pattern of mountain Liangyou 164.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
Embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings:
an improved breeding method of paddy rice mainly by space mutagenesis comprises the following steps:
example 1
(1) Planting T108S and Yuanfeng B, planting 1 district in each variety resource, selecting T108S as female parent and Yuanfeng B as male parent, adopting artificial emasculation and pollination to prepare hybrid seed F1;
(2) carrying F1 seeds on earth returning satellites for space mutagenesis treatment, wherein the treatment time is 15 days, the flying near site of the satellites is 175km, the flying far site is 353km, and the period of the satellites around the earth is 89.1min:
(3) carrying out south propagation and generation adding on the spatially-mutagenized seeds by utilizing the short-day high-temperature condition in autumn and winter of Hainan province;
(4) and backcross breeding is carried out on the excellent single plant F2 (male parent) selected by the south propagation and generation adding and the T108S (female parent), so that the population development of the hybrid offspring is developed towards the breeding target.
Example two
And selecting hybrid parents with strong coordination force and obvious target characters. Mountain S is used as female parent, and is obtained by hybridization of T108S and Yuanfeng B and breeding by pedigree method. Sowing in the middle and late ten days of 5 months of Fujian Sha county, wherein the sowing days are 78-80 days, which are equivalent to Y58S. The number of main stem leaves is about 14, the plant height is about 68 cm, the group is regular, the plant type is moderate, the sword leaf is vertical, the tillering force is strong, the leaves and leaf sheaths are green, the leaf margin, the glume tip and the column head are colorless, the miscanthus is short, the spike length is 23.2 cm, the number of grains per spike is 158.4, and the grain is long and has a thousand grain weight of 23.0 g. Field test results: the sterile plant rate is 100%, the pollen sterility is 100%, the pollen-free stigma exposure rate is 71.11%. The light incubation property identification is carried out by a manual climatic chamber of China paddy institute: fertility transition critical temperature is about 23 ℃. The rice blast resistance was identified and evaluated as a high-grade rice blast. Rice quality detection results: the brown rice rate is 82.8%, the whole polished rice rate is 59.2%, the length-width ratio is 3.0, the transparency is 2 grade, the gel consistency is 87 mm, the amylose content is 20.8%, and the rice quality reaches the quality standard of three high-quality edible rice varieties. The quality of the rice cultivated by taking the two materials as hybrid parents is improved.
Alternatively, minghui 863 is a male parent, and the main characteristic features of Minghui 86 are as follows: the stalks are long in length, thick in length, vertical in angle, few in number of stems, green in color of stem nodes, yellow in internode color, long in length of sword leaf blades, middle in width of sword leaf blades and middle in angle of sword leaf blades; the number of main stem leaves is large, and the spike length is long; the grain length, the grain width, the grain shape and the thousand-grain weight are high; the brown rice has an elliptical shape and white seed coat in the length and width. Two parents of mountain S and Minghui 863 are selected for hybridization to obtain the complementary excellent characters of the offspring, and the advantages are obvious. Adopts artificial emasculation, pollination and hybrid seed F1 preparation, and the hybrid seed is harvested after the seed is mature, and the parents of the hybrid seed are properly selected and matched, so that the hybrid seed has rich genetic germplasm basis and better target characters required by breeding.
As shown in fig. 1:
(1) planting mountain S and Minghui 863, planting 1 district in each variety resource, selecting mountain S as female parent and Minghui 863 as male parent in flowering period, artificially emasculating female parent in the afternoon, pollinating male parent pollen in the morning of the next day, and preparing hybrid seed F1;
(2) carrying F1 seeds on earth returning satellites for space mutagenesis treatment, wherein the treatment time is 15 days, the flight time of the satellites is 175km near the earth, the flight time of the satellites is 353km far the earth, and the round of the satellites is 89.1min;
(3) in order to shorten the breeding process and accelerate seed reproduction, the space mutation is utilized to treat seeds for south reproduction and generation addition under the condition of short day high temperature in autumn and winter in Hainan province;
(4) backcrossing controls the population of hybrid offspring to a large extent to develop towards the breeding direction, is an effective means for improving individual defects of the existing parents and improving certain undesirable traits, and because most of the traits of the female parent are satisfactory, only the defects of individual improvement are present, so the female parent is used as a recurrent parent, and the selected excellent single plant F1 after space mutation treatment overcomes the defects of mountain S. Therefore, the excellent single plant F2 (male parent) selected by the south China railway generation addition is backcrossed with the mountain S (female parent) for breeding, so that the population development of the hybrid offspring is developed towards the breeding target;
(5) planting backcross seeds, and breeding by a continuous multi-generation selection pedigree method: in the germination stage, seedling stage, turning green stage, tillering stage, spike stage and heading stage. All perform field observation, identification and selection, select excellent single plants in the middle, harvest, seed reserving and inspection, and according to rice quality detection results, select excellent single plants BC1F1. And then the selected excellent single plants are planted in the three parts of Hainan in a south of China. Planting, identifying and selecting the excellent single plants according to plant rows, harvesting and reserving the seed BC1F2 according to the single plants. The selected excellent single plants in Hainan are respectively planted into plant rows, and the plant rows BC1F3 are selected and remained through field identification and indoor quality detection.
A large number of experiments show that the novel cotton variety mountain Liangyou 164 (GM-12) cultivated by the invention has the following characteristics:
1. belongs to the middle-early maturing type: the GM-12 has the growth period of 104-125 days, good seedling emergence, good growth vigor, thick stems, toughness, lodging resistance, compact plant type, 119.7 cm plant height, 24.2 cm spike length, 16.8 thousand spikes per mu of effective spikes, 211.7 grains per spike total grains, 80.3 percent of fruiting rate and 26.4 g thousand grains weight.
2. Wide adaptability and good disease resistance: the comprehensive indexes of the rice blast are 3.9 and 3.8 respectively in two years, the highest neck blast loss rate is 5 grades, the bacterial leaf blight is 5 grades, the brown planthopper is 9 grades, the high-sensitivity brown planthoppers are infected with the medium-sensitivity rice blast, the medium-sensitivity bacterial leaf blight is infected with the medium-sensitivity rice blast, and the heat resistance in the heading period is high.
3. The excellent characters are significantly superior to parents: the strain type of the GM-12 produced by the method is superior to that of the female parent mountain two-excellent 164, and the yield is also obviously higher than that of the female parent, especially the rice quality, and the main index of the rice quality: the whole polished rice rate is 65.5%, the chalkiness degree is 4.6%, the amylose content is 15.2%, the gum consistency is 71 mm, and the aspect ratio is 3.0. Rice quality is superior to that of a parent and a female parent, and the rice quality is superior to that of a parent and a female parent because the invention uses a space mutagenesis treatment technology to obtain the large variation, and the rice quality is good for capturing and finding excellent variation single plants in the processes of multi-generation selection and field identification in addition to the off-site propagation, so that the comprehensive technology of the invention is satisfactorily successful;
by utilizing the technical scheme, the invention can lead the rice to have the characteristics of high mutation frequency, multiple mutation types and the like, lead the rice to realize high-quality, disease-resistant and high-yield synchronous improvement of new varieties, and lead the new rice varieties to have the following characteristics:
provides a high-quality and disease-resistant high-yield rice variety, and is favorable for the industrialized development of high-quality rice.
Provides a high-quality rice variety, enriches the genetic resources of rice in China, establishes a safety protection and utilization system and promotes the progress of crop science. Meanwhile, the peasant income is increased.
Claims (3)
1. A rice improvement breeding method taking space mutagenesis as a main body is characterized in that:
(1) hybridization is carried out by taking a rice variety as a female parent and a rice variety with early maturity, high yield and disease resistance as a male parent, so as to obtain a hybrid F1;
(2) carrying F1 generation hybrid seeds on earth returning satellites for space mutagenesis treatment;
(3) carrying out south propagation and generation adding on the space mutation treated seeds;
(4) backcross breeding is carried out by taking a good single plant F2 selected by south propagation and generation as a male parent and a rice variety as a female parent;
carrying F1 seeds on earth returning satellites for space mutagenesis treatment, wherein the treatment time is 15 days, the flight time of the satellites is 175km near the earth, the flight time of the satellites is 353km far the earth, and the round of the satellites is 89.1min;
the F1 seeds after space mutagenesis are propagated and added with generation, which are planted in the three-city, hainan province, excellent single plants are selected from the seeds, and the F2 seeds are reserved after the single plants are harvested.
2. The method for improved breeding of rice by using space mutagenesis as main body according to claim 1, wherein: the excellent single plant F2 is planted according to plant lines, and excellent variation single plants are selected as male parent and female parent for backcross, so as to obtain backcross seeds.
3. The method for improved breeding of rice by using space mutagenesis as main body according to claim 1, wherein: and planting seeds obtained by backcross breeding, and breeding by a continuous multi-generation selection pedigree method.
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