CN117347158A - Microcomputer-controlled electrohydraulic servo rock true triaxial simulated tunneling test system - Google Patents
Microcomputer-controlled electrohydraulic servo rock true triaxial simulated tunneling test system Download PDFInfo
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
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Abstract
The invention discloses a microcomputer-controlled electrohydraulic servo rock true triaxial simulation tunneling test system, which relates to the technical field of rock mass mechanics experiments and comprises a test host, an electrohydraulic servo static and dynamic loading system, a measurement control system, a servo excavation simulation system, an acoustic emission measurement system, a non-contact measurement system, a tooling machine, an electric dragging system, a computer control and data processing system and a true triaxial test alloy pressing block, wherein the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: under the drive of computer control and processing software, the five loading actuators can realize a three-way five-sided independent loading mode: a synchronous loading mode may be implemented: the dual-axis synchronous working mode can be realized: the center point maintaining function is realized through a hardware real-time maintaining algorithm, and the closed loop speed reaches 10kHz; the temperature of the system can be monitored and recorded in real time; the temperature monitoring channel is not lower than 32; the precision grade of the instrument is less than or equal to +/-0.1 percent FS; the system acoustic emission event real-time monitoring and data collection under experimental conditions can be met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rock mass mechanics experiments, in particular to a microcomputer-controlled electro-hydraulic servo rock true triaxial simulation tunneling test system.
Background
The microcomputer-controlled electrohydraulic servo rock triaxial tester is a physical property testing instrument used in the fields of civil construction engineering, transportation engineering, environmental science and technology and resource science, is mainly used for rock uniaxial compression deformation tests, conventional triaxial compression tests and high-temperature high-pressure triaxial compression tests for measuring mechanical property parameters such as rock cohesive force, internal friction angle and the like under a three-dimensional stress state, but the traditional microcomputer-controlled electrohydraulic servo rock triaxial tester cannot realize high confining pressure, multiaxial compression and shearing test simulation, and therefore a microcomputer-controlled electrohydraulic servo rock true triaxial simulated tunneling test system is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a microcomputer-controlled electro-hydraulic servo rock true triaxial simulation tunneling test system, which solves the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the microcomputer-controlled electrohydraulic servo rock true triaxial simulation tunneling test system comprises a test host, an electrohydraulic servo static and dynamic loading system, a measurement control system, a servo excavation simulation system, an acoustic emission measurement system, a non-contact measurement system, a tooling machine, an electric dragging system, a computer control and data processing system and a true triaxial test alloy pressing block;
The test host consists of a square frame and a horizontal moving frame, and the size of a test piece which can be accommodated is 300mm multiplied by 300mm;
the electrohydraulic servo static and dynamic loading system consists of an intelligent servo oil source, a servo actuator and a pipeline;
the measurement control system consists of a full-digital multichannel coordinated servo control system, a load sensor, a displacement sensor and a rock sample deformation sensor;
the servo excavation simulation system comprises a first bearing plate, a second bearing plate, a servo motor, a speed reducer, a chain tensioning mechanism, a height adjusting and supporting mechanism, a movable loading cross beam, a guide post, a ball screw, a ball guide sleeve, an abutting plate, a press-torsion compound sensor, a force transmission shaft and a panel cutter;
the acoustic emission measurement system can meet the requirements of real-time monitoring and data collection of system acoustic emission events under experimental conditions;
the non-contact measurement system acquires an image of an object in a three-dimensional mode, and performs smoothing treatment and strain information visualization on a displacement field by utilizing an image correlation algorithm and photogrammetry;
the tool machine is used for attaching the shearing box to the test piece in a mechanical arm mode;
the electric dragging system consists of an electric cabinet, an electric switch and the like;
The computer control and data processing system is composed of a computer, a printer, and control and data processing software.
Optionally, the horizontal moving frame comprises a main shaft, a bearing rod and a connecting pin; the rigidity of the square frame is 23 multiplied by 109N/m, and the rigidity of the horizontal moving frame is 6.9 multiplied by 109N/m; under the condition of maximum loading and superposition, the strength requirement is met, the safety coefficient of the square frame reaches 3.96, and the safety coefficient of the horizontal moving frame reaches 3.63; the long-term stability of the outer frame can be ensured under the combined action of the maximum static load and the maximum dynamic load;
the true triaxial alloy pressing block is made of high-grade alloy steel, and is designed to be interlocked in order to ensure that a test piece deforms in the loading process and the pressing block is not interfered;
the interlocking type pressing block is adopted, so that the loading end face of the oil cylinder can be in uniform contact with the sample, static force can be ensured to be uniformly distributed on the surface of the sample, and meanwhile, the front part of the oil cylinder also adopts a spherical hinge mode;
optionally, the intelligent servo oil source consists of an oil tank, a MOOG servo valve, five sets of servo motor oil pump units, an oil suction filter, a high-pressure oil filter, a one-way valve, a common overflow valve, a differential pressure overflow valve, a reversing valve, a liquid level meter, an air filter and a cooler; the automatic liquid level undersize alarm, oil filter blockage alarm, oil temperature automatic control, low-high pressure automatic switching starting, overload overflow, overload protection and other perfect functions are realized; the hydraulic oil pump and the motor, the low noise internal gear oil pump can realize variable frequency loading; the flow rate is 450L/min; the highest pressure is more than or equal to 25MPa; the oil is sourced from a circulating cooling system, and is not required to be cooled by an additional cooling water source; the PLC is adopted to control the pressure and the flow, the flow and the pressure can be set in a mode of serial communication between the touch screen and the main controller, and the flow and the pressure are adjustable from 15% -100% FS; the PC software of the upper computer can remotely control the oil source, can set the pressure, flow and temperature of the oil source, and can also be opened, closed, reset and other operations; the static valve model is D633, the flow is 40L/min, the dynamic valve model is D791, and the flow is 250L/min;
The intelligent servo oil source is characterized in that:
the latest generation hydraulic servo energy-saving scheme is adopted, the system pressure and flow are controlled in a double closed loop manner, the hydraulic system supplies oil according to the actually required flow and pressure, the high energy consumption generated by high-pressure overflow of the traditional hydraulic system is overcome, the electric quantity loss during pressure maintaining can be reduced by more than 50%, and the requirement of greatly saving energy is met;
the intelligent servo oil source electrohydraulic control part integrates an electrohydraulic servo energy-saving system to realize the integration of hydraulic and motor-servo technologies, and mainly comprises an electrohydraulic servo driver, a servo motor, a high-pressure servo pump, a pressure sensor and the like; the hydraulic system supplies oil according to the actually required flow and pressure by adopting a vector control, flux weakening control and special PID control algorithm, can accurately control the pressure and flow required by the whole working process, eliminates the energy loss of high-pressure throttling, achieves the effects of energy conservation and electricity saving, reduces the oil temperature of the system, and has the highest energy saving rate of 65 percent and the average energy saving rate of more than 30 percent, so that an oil cooler can be omitted, and the oil source has a simple and efficient structure;
the software independently controls the servo oil source; driving a servo valve to work, receiving a displacement sensor and a pressure sensor of a load sensor as feedback signals, automatically completing data acquisition, processing, feature extraction and identification, and controlling a system to work according to control instructions issued by a microcomputer, wherein a servo oil source and a servo oil pump unit; thereby reducing the power consumption and achieving long-time load and pressure maintaining;
The traditional oil source has the problems that the oil temperature rises rapidly due to the existence of high-pressure throttling, and the oil body is easy to thin, the pipeline is softened, oil leakage and the like, so that the hydraulic oil is forced to be cooled, and meanwhile, the capacity of an oil tank is required to be increased; under most working conditions, the intelligent servo oil source controls the temperature rise of hydraulic oil within 6 ℃ through natural cooling, cooling water is not used any more, the service lives of the hydraulic oil pump and the sealing element are greatly prolonged, and compared with the traditional oil source with the same efficacy, only 30% of oil storage capacity is needed, two thirds of oil quantity is saved, and more than 60% of space is saved;
the servo actuator consists of four static servo actuators with 5000KN output and 1 static servo actuator with 5000KN output and 1800KN dynamic state in normal direction, and the pressure control precision is 0.05% -0.1%FS; dynamic load disturbance is realized normally, and the disturbance frequency is 20HZ; the amplitude is 0.5mm, the test piece size is 30x30x30CM, the confining pressure is=f/s=5000 KN/302=55.55 Mpa, the dynamic confining pressure is F/s=1800 KN/302=20 Mpa, the stroke is 300mm, the low friction is realized, the loading control of force and displacement can be realized, and the loading target value and the increasing speed are set under different control;
five servo actuators are internally provided with magneto-induced displacement sensors, and the repeatability error is +/-0.01% F.S.; the hysteresis is less than +/-0.002%, and the displacement value of the piston of the servo actuator can be precisely measured; the front end of the piston rod is provided with a load sensor;
The servo loading part power is as follows:
the loading speed of each 5000KN actuator is 180mm/min, so that the required power N1=5FV=5×5000×180=45 KW is loaded on the static three-way five sides simultaneously;
and the normal dynamic loading force is 20Mpa, the test piece is 30 multiplied by 30cm, the frequency is 20Hz, the amplitude A=0.5 mm, the power N2= fAF =180 multiplied by 2 multiplied by 20=72 KW under the dynamic force of 1800KN, and the power required by the electrohydraulic servo loading part is N=N1+N2=117 KW.
Optionally, in the all-digital multichannel servo coordination control system, a controller adopts an upper computer mode and a lower computer mode, and is not a PC (personal computer) on-board controller;
the control mode is as follows: stress, displacement, deformation, follow stress, follow displacement, follow deformation, and can be optimized according to the characteristics of the tester.
The method can provide various dynamic carrier waveforms, such as triangular waves, sine waves, cosine waves and the like, and is provided with a custom waveform interface to give custom waveform programming guidance;
the multi-channel coordination control system works in a multi-station and multi-task mode, pulls and presses basic parameters of multi-variable control, can realize multi-axis/multi-actuator linkage, ensures relative errors of linkage, and realizes complex and accurate multi-point loading. The method can independently load a plurality of oil cylinders and realize synchronous and coordinated loading, and the center point of the sample is kept unchanged during loading so as to obtain effective and reliable test data. The control system has four modes of operation:
Static operation: static loading of the oil cylinder is realized, and the loading speed, loading mode and target position can be set;
cycle time: the dynamic loading of the oil cylinder is realized, and the oil cylinder can be synchronously loaded or independently loaded;
by adopting the SHARC processor, the bit number is 32bit, the floating point is 200MHz, and the monitoring of the equipment can be independently completed in 24h multiplied by 365 days;
a signal output frequency of 100kHz or higher is employed;
the output signal of high resolution is not lower than 0.003% fs;
the high-precision output signal can output 4-20mA current, 10V voltage, pulse signals and the like;
the acquisition system is used for realizing full stress strain acquisition in the test process, so that the graph is conveniently exported and processed;
the sensor has larger influence on the precision of the tester, the displacement sensor adopts a stroke of 300mm and an accuracy of 0.001 percent FS, and the magnetostrictive displacement sensor is characterized in that: the sensor has high precision, high stability, high reliability, extremely strong anti-interference capability and low power consumption, and is an optimal test sensor for dynamic and static displacement at present;
the force transducer adopts five 5000 KNs, the measuring range is 55Mpa, the accuracy is 0.001 percent FS, the spoke type pressure transducer and the response time of the dynamic and static pressure transducer is less than 1ms; the method is characterized in that: the sensor has high precision, high stability, high reliability and strong anti-interference capability, and is the test sensor with the optimal pressure at present;
The high resolution of the analog sensor is 1/200000FS, and the high sampling frequency is 40kHz; the analog sensor has high acquisition accuracy and error of 0.001% FS.
Optionally, the bottom of first bearing plate and second bearing plate is all fixed mounting has high regulation supporting mechanism, it is connected with two ball screws to rotate between first bearing plate and the second bearing plate, the outside of first bearing plate is provided with chain tensioning mechanism, chain tensioning mechanism is connected with two ball screws, the outside of chain tensioning mechanism is provided with second servo motor and second speed reducer, the second speed reducer is connected with ball screw, the output of second servo motor is connected with the second speed reducer, be provided with the removal loading crossbeam between first bearing plate and the second bearing plate, the inside of removal loading crossbeam is provided with the ball guide sleeve, the removal loading crossbeam passes through ball guide sleeve and ball screw threaded connection, one side fixed mounting of removal loading crossbeam has first speed reducer, one side fixed mounting of first speed reducer has first servo motor, the output of first servo motor is connected with first speed reducer, the opposite side of removal loading crossbeam is provided with the compound sensor of pressure torsion, be provided with the four bearing plates, the compound cutter head plate is connected with the side of four bearing plates, the compound cutter head plate is fixed mounting has the guide pin, the side of the compound guide pin, the compound cutter head plate is connected with the side of the four bearing plates is fixed with the side of the guide post;
The servo excavation simulation system adopts a shield tunneling machine principle, a fish tail cutter, a leading cutter and a plane scraper are arranged at the front end of the servo excavation simulation system, actual working conditions are simulated to the greatest extent, a propelling device adopts a servo motor ball screw structure and is arranged at one end of a propelling rod, the speed and the force are adjustable, the maximum stroke of the propelling rod is 600mm, the maximum output is 500KN, the tunneling speed of a tunnel is 1-100mm/min, the tunneling diameter is 50-200 mm, and the tunneling speed is adjustable; 5 sets of cutter head drills with different diameters are matched, a common type detachable installation method is adopted, the cutter head drills can be freely replaced according to requirements when the diameters of different tunnels are different, rotary rock breaking is driven by a servo motor speed reducer, the rock breaking strength is 150Mpa, the rated rotating speed is 350r/min, and the rated torque is 500NM; the rotating speed and the torque are adjustable;
the height of the servo excavation simulation system is adjustable; the longitudinal stress relief method gradient excavation can be simulated, and the stress relief process can monitor the change rule of stress and displacement;
the pushing rod is connected with a hexagonal head structure, and after a certain distance is excavated, the pushing rod retreats, so that high-speed shooting and infrared temperature measurement are facilitated; the servo excavation simulation system is arranged on a horizontal counterforce frame of the test host, the computer controls the servo simulation excavation system to advance and rotationally excavate, the advancing speed, the advancing force and the rotating speed can be automatically acquired, the advancing speed-advancing force can be made in the computer, the rotating speed and the torque curve can be adjusted by software, and the advancing force, the advancing speed, the torque and the rotating speed can be adjusted by the software;
The excavation direction is the normal direction of a certain loading surface and the horizontal inclination schematic illustration that the normal direction forms an included angle of 5.7 degrees, in order to simulate tunnel excavation, an excavation hole is reserved at one side of the outer frame, the diameter of the contact part of the excavation hole and a test piece is less than or equal to 200mm, the diameter of the semicircular part of the outer hole on the frame is more than 220mm, the axis of the horizontal inclined tunnel can deviate from the central axis of the test piece by 0.05m, namely the inclination angle is 5.7 degrees when the horizontal inclined tunnel is excavated in an inclined way
And (3) calculating power:
horizontal propulsion power:
the tunneling torque is 500Nm, and the reduction ratio is 50; the input power is 2KW of the servo motor, the torque is 9.8Nm, so that the partial power is 10.3KW, and the total power of a computer, a controller system and a camera system is less than or equal to 5KW;
in order to prevent the test box from collision after the test sample is destroyed, a displacement sensor is required to be arranged to monitor the displacement of the test box, and meanwhile, an overload protection device is arranged, so that the test sample can be automatically opened when the destruction stress of the test sample is rapidly reduced; the pressure head of the oil carrying cylinder is provided with a three-dimensional five-sided laser displacement sensor, the displacement of the pressure box is monitored, and a pressure overload protection device is arranged, when the damage stress of a test piece is rapidly reduced, the process protection device is started, so that the oil cylinder stops moving forwards, and the picking up and the damage are avoided.
Optionally, the acoustic emission measurement system can meet the requirements of real-time monitoring and data collection of system acoustic emission events under experimental conditions, and a 16-acquisition channel is formed; continuous collection and storage length: the multichannel signals are synchronously collected, so that waveform data can be continuously stored for a plurality of hours, and the loss of a bit of data in the period is avoided; a USB3.0 interface is used. Injury anchor point size: dividing the size of the locating point according to the energy of the locating point in equal proportion; injury locating point color: the colors can be set to be different colors along with the arrival time, and damage positioning points at the early stage, the middle stage and the end stage of the experiment can be clearly distinguished from the positioning map; providing complete signal parameters such as arrival time, amplitude, duration, rise time, ringing count, rise count, energy, RMS value, ASL value, centroid frequency, peak frequency, etc.;
Optionally, the non-contact measurement system realizes real-time high-speed three-dimensional acquisition of speckle or mark point images of each deformation stage of the object, performs three-dimensional matching of deformation points on the surface of the object by using an image correlation algorithm and photogrammetry, performs smoothing treatment and strain information visualization on a displacement field, and measures the measurement breadth to be 20mm-1m; the strain measurement range is 0.01% -1000%; the 2D strain measurement precision at least reaches 20 mu epsilon, the 3D strain measurement precision at least reaches 50 mu epsilon, and the displacement measurement precision is 0.01mm; the resolution of the camera is more than or equal to 2448 x 2048, the pixel of the camera is more than or equal to 500w, the maximum acquisition frame rate is more than or equal to 75fps, and the number of the camera is 2; the lens is provided with at least two 35mm fixed focus lenses, two 50mm fixed focus lenses and two 75mm fixed focus lenses, and is provided with an optical filter; the integrated blue light source is in a square shape and is fixed through a universal shaft arm, and the integrated blue light source is two blue light sources which are more than or equal to 20W; the beam of the image acquisition equipment is internally provided with a laser ranging device, so that the distance from the beam of the image acquisition equipment to a measured object can be displayed in real time, a switch can be controlled in deformation measurement system software, and the measurement range is 0-10 meters; the double lenses form three-dimensional observation, one lens can shoot into the small pilot tunnel at the other side, the small pilot tunnel is actually not used, a section of tunneling can be performed, the drill bit is withdrawn, shooting is performed, and tunneling is continued; the beam of the image acquisition equipment is internally provided with an infrared temperature measuring device, so that the current temperature can be displayed in real time, and the temperature measuring range is: -40-85 ℃; high-performance data analysis processing terminal: memory is more than or equal to 32G, hard disk: the mechanical hard disk is more than or equal to 2T and is more than or equal to 512G solid state disk; 1 in number; equipped with 1 cover of collection control system, 3 covers of speckle manufacturing instrument, include: tattoo sticker making spots, ink returning seal making spots and bushing making spots; the image is directly recorded to a high-speed memory of the camera, and is transmitted to a notebook computer or a desktop computer through a gigabit network interface after shooting.
8. The microcomputer controlled electro-hydraulic servo rock true triaxial simulated tunneling test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the tooling machine comprises: the test piece size is 30.30.30 CM, three-way five-sided loading is realized by applying load to the shear box formed by the five pressing plates, and in order to reduce labor intensity, the tooling machine adopts a mechanical arm mode, the mechanical arm can uniformly attach the shear box to the test piece and coat sealant, and the auxiliary test piece is separated from the shear box after the test is completed.
Optionally, the electric dragging system is a control operation device for supplying power to the servo loading system, and has various protection functions; the control operation device comprises an electric cabinet, an electric switch and the like, is used for supplying power to a servo loading system and has various protection functions: the device comprises a power-off protection function, a beam position limiting protection function, an actuator displacement limiting protection function, an overload protection function, an overrun protection function, a software operation error protection function, a sample fracture protection function and a multiple intelligent safety protection function.
Optionally, the computer control and data processing system is as follows:
and (3) a computer: desktop Cpu i7, 8G memory, 1T+128G SSD hard disk, 23 inch LCD, keyboard, mouse, win10 operating system; providing a set of operating application software under a Win10 operating system;
A printer: a4, a laser printer;
control and data processing software: according to the true triaxial experimental standard programming, the coordinated stress and strain control of a multi-field coupling true triaxial stress path is realized, and all channels need independent motion control, data real-time acquisition, display and storage; the method operates under the Windows Chinese platform and has the following functions:
according to the user instruction, giving instructions to a measurement control system, a servo loading actuator and an oil source system, and carrying out force, displacement and deformation three-closed-loop control loading and unloading by the systems according to the instructions;
the stress-strain relationship of the rock under different stress paths can be automatically drawn, and the full stress-strain curve of the rock can be tested;
according to the test requirement, a true triaxial test and a plane strain test under the stress control type and strain control type conditions can be implemented, and different data acquisition and processing are carried out, in particular, epsilon 1, mu, delta v, epsilon 2 and epsilon 3 of rock are acquired according to different control time under the stress control condition or sigma 1, epsilon 1, sigma 3, sigma 2, mu, delta v, epsilon 2 and epsilon 3 under the strain control condition, so that various relevant curves and models and relevant parameters are established;
the control software can be used for Windows 10 test platforms, and has the functions of displaying curves, test reports and the like in real time; the test data is stored by excel, is friendly in interface and easy to understand, has a certain opening degree, and can be added with a data acquisition channel and a test program on software.
The invention provides a microcomputer-controlled electrohydraulic servo rock true triaxial simulation tunneling test system, which has the following beneficial effects:
according to the microcomputer-controlled electrohydraulic servo rock true triaxial simulation tunneling test system, under the drive of computer control and processing software, five loading actuators can realize a three-way five-sided independent loading mode: each loading channel loads the sample at different loading speeds, loading frequencies or control modes according to the loading demands of the user load; a synchronous loading mode may be implemented: in the test process, each actuator carries out synchronous dynamic loading with the same amplitude and frequency; the dual-axis synchronous working mode can be realized: when the four actuators load the sample in the load mode, the central loading point of the sample is kept unchanged; the three directions can be subjected to static loading through the same speed, and can also be subjected to dynamic loading through the same frequency and amplitude; the center point maintaining function is realized through a hardware real-time maintaining algorithm, and the closed loop speed reaches 10kHz; the temperature of the system can be monitored and recorded in real time; including but not limited to inlet and outlet fluid temperatures, grid temperature, and rock sample temperature; the temperature monitoring channel is not lower than 32; the precision grade of the instrument is less than or equal to +/-0.1 percent FS; the real-time monitoring and data collection of the system acoustic emission event under the experimental condition can be satisfied; the acquisition channel is not lower than 16.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an axial servo-loaded propulsion device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the axial servo-loaded pusher of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a side view of the axial servo-loaded pusher of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a block diagram of the present invention.
1. A first pressure-bearing plate; 2. a second pressure-bearing plate; 3. a first servo motor; 4. a first speed reducer; 5. a second servo motor; 6. a second speed reducer; 7. a chain tensioning mechanism; 8. a press-torsion composite sensor; 9. a force transmission shaft; 10. a ball screw; 11. a guide post; 12. an abutting plate; 13. a panel cutter; 14. a height-adjusting support mechanism; 15. and moving the loading cross beam.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the present invention provides a technical solution: the microcomputer-controlled electrohydraulic servo rock true triaxial simulation tunneling test system comprises a test host, an electrohydraulic servo static and dynamic loading system, a measurement control system, a servo excavation simulation system, an acoustic emission measurement system, a non-contact measurement system, a tooling machine, an electric dragging system, a computer control and data processing system and a true triaxial test alloy pressing block;
The test host consists of a square frame and a horizontal moving frame, and can accommodate test pieces with the sizes of 300mm multiplied by 300mm;
the electrohydraulic servo static and dynamic loading system consists of an intelligent servo oil source, a servo actuator and a pipeline;
the measurement control system consists of a full-digital multichannel coordinated servo control system, a load sensor, a displacement sensor and a rock sample deformation sensor;
the servo excavation simulation system comprises a first bearing plate 1, a second bearing plate 2, a first servo motor 3, a first speed reducer 4, a second servo motor 5, a second speed reducer 6, a chain tensioning mechanism 7, a height adjusting and supporting mechanism 14, a movable loading cross beam 15, a guide column 11, a ball screw 10, a ball guide sleeve, an abutting plate 12, a press-torsion compound sensor 8, a force transmission shaft 9 and a panel cutter 13;
the acoustic emission measurement system can meet the requirements of real-time monitoring and data collection of acoustic emission events of the system under experimental conditions;
the non-contact measurement system acquires an image of an object in a three-dimensional manner, and performs smoothing treatment and strain information visualization on a displacement field by utilizing an image correlation algorithm and photogrammetry;
the tool mounting machine attaches the shearing box to the test piece in a mechanical arm mode;
the electric dragging system consists of an electric cabinet, an electric switch and the like;
The computer control and data processing system consists of a computer, a printer, and control and data processing software.
The horizontal moving frame comprises a main shaft, a bearing rod and a connecting pin; the rigidity of the square frame is 23 multiplied by 109N/m, and the rigidity of the horizontal moving frame is 6.9 multiplied by 109N/m; under the condition of maximum loading and superposition, the strength requirement is met, the safety coefficient of the square frame reaches 3.96, and the safety coefficient of the horizontal moving frame reaches 3.63; the long-term stability of the outer frame can be ensured under the combined action of the maximum static load and the maximum dynamic load;
the true triaxial alloy pressing block is made of high-grade alloy steel, and is designed to be interlocked in order to ensure that a test piece deforms in the loading process and the pressing block is not interfered;
the interlocking type pressing block is adopted, so that uniform contact between the loading end face of the oil cylinder and the sample can be realized, static force can be ensured to be uniformly distributed on the surface of the sample, and meanwhile, the front part of the oil cylinder also adopts a spherical hinge mode.
The intelligent servo oil source consists of an oil tank, an MOOG servo valve, five sets of servo motor oil pump units, an oil suction filter, a high-pressure oil filter, a one-way valve, a common overflow valve, a differential pressure overflow valve, a reversing valve, a liquid level meter, an air filter and a cooler; the automatic liquid level undersize alarm, oil filter blockage alarm, oil temperature automatic control, low-high pressure automatic switching starting, overload overflow, overload protection and other perfect functions are realized; the hydraulic oil pump and the motor, the low noise internal gear oil pump can realize variable frequency loading; the flow rate is 450L/min; the highest pressure is more than or equal to 25MPa; the oil is sourced from a circulating cooling system, and is not required to be cooled by an additional cooling water source; the PLC is adopted to control the pressure and the flow, the flow and the pressure can be set in a mode of serial communication between the touch screen and the main controller, and the flow and the pressure are adjustable from 15% -100% FS; the PC software of the upper computer can remotely control the oil source, can set the pressure, flow and temperature of the oil source, and can also be opened, closed, reset and other operations; the static valve model is D633, the flow is 40L/min, the dynamic valve model is D791, and the flow is 250L/min;
The intelligent servo oil source is characterized in that:
the latest generation hydraulic servo energy-saving scheme is adopted, the system pressure and flow are controlled in a double closed loop manner, the hydraulic system supplies oil according to the actually required flow and pressure, the high energy consumption generated by high-pressure overflow of the traditional hydraulic system is overcome, the electric quantity loss during pressure maintaining can be reduced by more than 50%, and the requirement of greatly saving energy is met;
the intelligent servo oil source electrohydraulic control part integrates an electrohydraulic servo energy-saving system to realize the integration of hydraulic and motor-servo technologies, and mainly comprises an electrohydraulic servo driver, a servo motor, a high-pressure servo pump, a pressure sensor and the like; the hydraulic system supplies oil according to the actually required flow and pressure by adopting a vector control, flux weakening control and special PID control algorithm, can accurately control the pressure and flow required by the whole working process, eliminates the energy loss of high-pressure throttling, achieves the effects of energy conservation and electricity saving, reduces the oil temperature of the system, and has the highest energy saving rate of 65 percent and the average energy saving rate of more than 30 percent, so that an oil cooler can be omitted, and the oil source has a simple and efficient structure;
the software independently controls the servo oil source; driving a servo valve to work, receiving a displacement sensor and a pressure sensor of a load sensor as feedback signals, automatically completing data acquisition, processing, feature extraction and identification, and controlling a system to work according to control instructions issued by a microcomputer, wherein a servo oil source and a servo oil pump unit; thereby reducing the power consumption and achieving long-time load and pressure maintaining;
The traditional oil source has the problems that the oil temperature rises rapidly due to the existence of high-pressure throttling, and the oil body is easy to thin, the pipeline is softened, oil leakage and the like, so that the hydraulic oil is forced to be cooled, and meanwhile, the capacity of an oil tank is required to be increased; under most working conditions, the intelligent servo oil source controls the temperature rise of hydraulic oil within 6 ℃ through natural cooling, cooling water is not used any more, the service lives of the hydraulic oil pump and the sealing element are greatly prolonged, and compared with the traditional oil source with the same efficacy, only 30% of oil storage capacity is needed, two thirds of oil quantity is saved, and more than 60% of space is saved;
the servo actuator consists of four static servo actuators with 5000KN output and 1 static servo actuator with 5000KN output and 1800KN dynamic output, and the pressure control precision is 0.05% -0.1%FS; dynamic load disturbance is realized normally, and the disturbance frequency is 20HZ; the amplitude is 0.5mm, the test piece size is 30x30x30CM, the confining pressure is=f/s=5000 KN/302=55.55 Mpa, the dynamic confining pressure is F/s=1800 KN/302=20 Mpa, the stroke is 300mm, the low friction is realized, the loading control of force and displacement can be realized, and the loading target value and the increasing speed are set under different control;
five servo actuators are internally provided with magneto-induced displacement sensors, and the repeatability error is +/-0.01% F.S.; the hysteresis is less than +/-0.002%, and the displacement value of the piston of the servo actuator can be precisely measured; the front end of the piston rod is provided with a load sensor;
The servo loading part power is as follows:
the loading speed of each 5000KN actuator is 180mm/min, so that the required power N1=5FV=5×5000×180=45 KW is loaded on the static three-way five sides simultaneously;
and the normal dynamic loading force is 20Mpa, the test piece is 30 multiplied by 30cm, the frequency is 20Hz, the amplitude A=0.5 mm, the power N2= fAF =180 multiplied by 2 multiplied by 20=72 KW under the dynamic force of 1800KN, and the power required by the electrohydraulic servo loading part is N=N1+N2=117 KW.
In the all-digital multichannel servo coordination control system, a controller adopts an upper computer mode and a lower computer mode, and is not a PC (personal computer) on-board controller;
the control mode is as follows: stress, displacement, deformation, follow stress, follow displacement, follow deformation, and a plurality of closed-loop control methods can be optimized according to the characteristics of the tester;
the method can provide various dynamic carrier waveforms, such as triangular waves, sine waves, cosine waves and the like, and is provided with a custom waveform interface to give custom waveform programming guidance;
the multi-channel coordination control system works in a multi-station and multi-task mode, pulls and presses basic parameters of multi-variable control, can realize multi-axis/multi-actuator linkage, ensures relative errors of linkage, and realizes complex and accurate multi-point loading; the method can independently load a plurality of oil cylinders and realize synchronous and coordinated loading, and the center point of the sample is kept unchanged during loading so as to obtain effective and reliable test data; the control system has four modes of operation:
Static operation: static loading of the oil cylinder is realized, and the loading speed, loading mode and target position can be set;
cycle time: the dynamic loading of the oil cylinder is realized, and the oil cylinder can be synchronously loaded or independently loaded;
by adopting the SHARC processor, the bit number is 32bit, the floating point is 200MHz, and the monitoring of the equipment can be independently completed in 24h multiplied by 365 days;
a signal output frequency of 100kHz or higher is employed;
the output signal of high resolution is not lower than 0.003% fs;
the high-precision output signal can output 4-20mA current, 10V voltage, pulse signals and the like;
the acquisition system is used for realizing full stress strain acquisition in the test process, so that the graph is conveniently exported and processed;
the sensor has larger influence on the precision of the tester, the displacement sensor adopts a stroke of 300mm and an accuracy of 0.001 percent FS, and the magnetostrictive displacement sensor is characterized in that: the sensor has high precision, high stability, high reliability, extremely strong anti-interference capability and low power consumption, and is an optimal test sensor for dynamic and static displacement at present;
the force transducer adopts five 5000 KNs, the measuring range is 55Mpa, the accuracy is 0.001 percent FS, the spoke type pressure transducer and the response time of the dynamic and static pressure transducer is less than 1ms; the method is characterized in that: the sensor has high precision, high stability, high reliability and strong anti-interference capability, and is the test sensor with the optimal pressure at present;
The high resolution of the analog sensor is 1/200000FS, and the high sampling frequency is 40kHz; the analog sensor has high acquisition accuracy and error of 0.001% FS.
Wherein the bottoms of the first bearing plate 1 and the second bearing plate 2 are fixedly provided with a height adjusting supporting mechanism 14, two ball screws 10 are rotatably connected between the first bearing plate 1 and the second bearing plate 2, the outer side of the first bearing plate 1 is provided with a chain tensioning mechanism 7, the chain tensioning mechanism 7 is connected with the two ball screws 10, the outer side of the chain tensioning mechanism 7 is provided with a second servo motor 5 and a second speed reducer 6, the second speed reducer 6 is connected with the ball screws 10, the output end of the second servo motor 5 is connected with the second speed reducer 6, a movable loading cross beam 15 is arranged between the first bearing plate 1 and the second bearing plate 2, a ball guide sleeve is arranged in the movable loading cross beam 15, the movable loading cross beam 15 is in threaded connection with the ball screws 10 through the ball guide sleeve, a first speed reducer 4 is fixedly arranged on one side of the movable loading beam 15, a first servo motor 3 is fixedly arranged on one side of the first speed reducer 4, the output end of the first servo motor 3 is connected with the first speed reducer 4, a press-torsion composite sensor 8 is arranged on the other side of the movable loading beam 15, four guide posts 11 are fixedly arranged between the first bearing plate 1 and the second bearing plate 2, the four guide posts 11 penetrate through the movable loading beam 15, an abutting plate 12 is fixedly arranged on the outer side of the second bearing plate 2, a panel cutter 13 is arranged on the outer side of the abutting plate 12, a force transmission shaft 9 is arranged on one side of the press-torsion composite sensor 8, and one end of the force transmission shaft 9 penetrates through the abutting plate 12 and is fixedly connected with the panel cutter 13;
The servo excavation simulation system adopts a shield tunneling machine principle, a fish tail cutter, a leading cutter and a plane scraper are arranged at the front end of the servo excavation simulation system, the actual working condition is simulated to the greatest extent, a propelling device adopts a servo motor ball screw structure and is arranged at one end of a propelling rod, the speed and the force are adjustable, the maximum stroke of the propelling rod is 600mm, the maximum output is 500KN, the tunneling speed of a tunnel is 1-100mm/min, the tunneling diameter is 50-200 mm, and the tunneling speed is adjustable; 5 sets of cutter head drills with different diameters are matched, a common type detachable installation method is adopted, the cutter head drills can be freely replaced according to requirements when the diameters of different tunnels are different, rotary rock breaking is driven by a servo motor speed reducer, the rock breaking strength is 150Mpa, the rated rotating speed is 350r/min, and the rated torque is 500NM; the rotating speed and the torque are adjustable;
the height of the servo excavation simulation system is adjustable; the longitudinal stress relief method gradient excavation can be simulated, and the stress relief process can monitor the change rule of stress and displacement;
the pushing rod is connected with a hexagonal head structure, and after a certain distance is excavated, the pushing rod retreats, so that high-speed shooting and infrared temperature measurement are facilitated; the servo excavation simulation system is arranged on a horizontal counterforce frame of the test host, the computer controls the servo simulation excavation system to advance and rotationally excavate, the advancing speed, the advancing force and the rotating speed can be automatically acquired, the advancing speed-advancing force can be made in the computer, the rotating speed and the torque curve can be adjusted by software, and the advancing force, the advancing speed, the torque and the rotating speed can be adjusted by the software;
The excavation direction is the normal direction of a certain loading surface and the horizontal inclination schematic illustration that the normal direction forms an included angle of 5.7 degrees, in order to simulate tunnel excavation, an excavation hole is reserved at one side of the outer frame, the diameter of the contact part of the excavation hole and a test piece is less than or equal to 200mm, the diameter of the semicircular part of the outer hole on the frame is more than 220mm, the axis of the horizontal inclined tunnel can deviate from the central axis of the test piece by 0.05m, namely the inclination angle is 5.7 degrees when the horizontal inclined tunnel is excavated in an inclined way
And (3) calculating power:
horizontal propulsion power:
the tunneling torque is 500Nm, and the reduction ratio is 50; the input power is 2KW of the servo motor, the torque is 9.8Nm, so that the partial power is 10.3KW, and the total power of a computer, a controller system and a camera system is less than or equal to 5KW;
in order to prevent the test box from collision after the test sample is destroyed, a displacement sensor is required to be arranged to monitor the displacement of the test box, and meanwhile, an overload protection device is arranged, so that the test sample can be automatically opened when the destruction stress of the test sample is rapidly reduced; the pressure head of the oil carrying cylinder is provided with a three-dimensional five-sided laser displacement sensor, the displacement of the pressure box is monitored, and a pressure overload protection device is arranged, when the damage stress of a test piece is rapidly reduced, the process protection device is started, so that the oil cylinder stops moving forwards, and the picking up and the damage are avoided.
The acoustic emission measuring system can meet the requirements of real-time monitoring and data collection of acoustic emission events of the system under experimental conditions, and a 16-acquisition channel is formed; continuous collection and storage length: the multichannel signals are synchronously collected, so that waveform data can be continuously stored for a plurality of hours, and the loss of a bit of data in the period is avoided; a USB3.0 interface is adopted; injury anchor point size: dividing the size of the locating point according to the energy of the locating point in equal proportion; injury locating point color: the colors can be set to be different colors along with the arrival time, and damage positioning points at the early stage, the middle stage and the end stage of the experiment can be clearly distinguished from the positioning map; providing complete signal parameters such as arrival time, amplitude, duration, rise time, ringing count, up count, energy, RMS value, ASL value, centroid frequency, and peak frequency.
The non-contact measurement system is used for realizing real-time high-speed three-dimensional acquisition of speckle or mark point images of each deformation stage of the object, carrying out three-dimensional matching of deformation points on the surface of the object by utilizing an image correlation algorithm and photogrammetry, carrying out smoothing treatment and strain information visualization on a displacement field, and measuring the measurement breadth to be 20mm-1m; the strain measurement range is 0.01% -1000%; the 2D strain measurement precision at least reaches 20 mu epsilon, the 3D strain measurement precision at least reaches 50 mu epsilon, and the displacement measurement precision is 0.01mm; the resolution of the camera is more than or equal to 2448 x 2048, the pixel of the camera is more than or equal to 500w, the maximum acquisition frame rate is more than or equal to 75fps, and the number of the camera is 2; the lens is provided with at least two 35mm fixed focus lenses, two 50mm fixed focus lenses and two 75mm fixed focus lenses, and is provided with an optical filter; the integrated blue light source is in a square shape and is fixed through a universal shaft arm, and the integrated blue light source is two blue light sources which are more than or equal to 20W; the beam of the image acquisition equipment is internally provided with a laser ranging device, so that the distance from the beam of the image acquisition equipment to a measured object can be displayed in real time, a switch can be controlled in deformation measurement system software, and the measurement range is 0-10 meters; the double lenses form three-dimensional observation, one lens can shoot into the small pilot tunnel at the other side, the small pilot tunnel is actually not used, a section of tunneling can be performed, the drill bit is withdrawn, shooting is performed, and tunneling is continued; the beam of the image acquisition equipment is internally provided with an infrared temperature measuring device, so that the current temperature can be displayed in real time, and the temperature measuring range is: -40-85 ℃; high-performance data analysis processing terminal: memory is more than or equal to 32G, hard disk: the mechanical hard disk is more than or equal to 2T and is more than or equal to 512G solid state disk; 1 in number; equipped with 1 cover of collection control system, 3 covers of speckle manufacturing instrument, include: tattoo sticker making spots, ink returning seal making spots and bushing making spots; the image is directly recorded to a high-speed memory of the camera, and is transmitted to a notebook computer or a desktop computer through a gigabit network interface after shooting.
The size of a test piece of the tooling machine is 30 times 30CM, three-way five-sided loading is realized by applying load to a shearing box formed by five pressing plates, the tooling machine adopts a mechanical arm mode, the shearing box can be uniformly attached to the test piece by the mechanical arm, sealing glue is coated, and the auxiliary test piece is separated from the shearing box after the test is completed.
The electric dragging system is a control operation device for supplying power to the servo loading system and has various protection functions; the control operation device comprises an electric cabinet, an electric switch and the like, is used for supplying power to a servo loading system and has various protection functions: the device comprises a power-off protection function, a beam position limiting protection function, an actuator displacement limiting protection function, an overload protection function, an overrun protection function, a software operation error protection function, a sample fracture protection function and a multiple intelligent safety protection function.
Wherein the computer control and data processing system is as follows:
and (3) a computer: desktop Cpu i7, 8G memory, 1T+128G SSD hard disk, 23 inch LCD, keyboard, mouse, win10 operating system; providing a set of operating application software under a Win10 operating system;
a printer: a4, a laser printer;
control and data processing software: according to the true triaxial experimental standard programming, the coordinated stress and strain control of a multi-field coupling true triaxial stress path is realized, and all channels need independent motion control, data real-time acquisition, display and storage; the method operates under the Windows Chinese platform and has the following functions:
According to the user instruction, giving instructions to a measurement control system, a servo loading actuator and an oil source system, and carrying out force, displacement and deformation three-closed-loop control loading and unloading by the systems according to the instructions;
the stress-strain relationship of the rock under different stress paths can be automatically drawn, and the full stress-strain curve of the rock can be tested;
according to the test requirement, a true triaxial test and a plane strain test under the stress control type and strain control type conditions can be implemented, and different data acquisition and processing are carried out, in particular, epsilon 1, mu, delta v, epsilon 2 and epsilon 3 of rock are acquired according to different control time under the stress control condition or sigma 1, epsilon 1, sigma 3, sigma 2, mu, delta v, epsilon 2 and epsilon 3 under the strain control condition, so that various relevant curves and models and relevant parameters are established;
the control software can be used for Windows 10 test platforms, and has the functions of displaying curves, test reports and the like in real time; the test data is stored by excel, is friendly in interface and easy to understand, has a certain opening degree, and can be added with a data acquisition channel and a test program on software.
Under the drive of computer control and processing software, the five loading actuators can realize a three-way five-sided independent loading mode: each loading channel loads the sample at different loading speeds, loading frequencies or control modes according to the loading demands of the user load; a synchronous loading mode may be implemented: in the test process, each actuator carries out synchronous dynamic loading with the same amplitude and frequency; the dual-axis synchronous working mode can be realized: when the four actuators load the sample in the load mode, the central loading point of the sample is kept unchanged; the three directions can be subjected to static loading through the same speed, and can also be subjected to dynamic loading through the same frequency and amplitude; the center point maintaining function is realized through a hardware real-time maintaining algorithm, and the closed loop speed reaches 10kHz; the temperature of the system can be monitored and recorded in real time; including but not limited to inlet and outlet fluid temperatures, grid temperature, and rock sample temperature; the temperature monitoring channel is not lower than 32; the precision grade of the instrument is less than or equal to +/-0.1 percent FS; the real-time monitoring and data collection of the system acoustic emission event under the experimental condition can be satisfied; the acquisition channel is not lower than 16.
In summary, when the microcomputer-controlled electro-hydraulic servo rock true triaxial simulated tunneling test system is used, in order to ensure the operability of experiments, a small gantry crane is additionally arranged outside a main machine frame, 50 kg of weight can be hoisted, and the test piece and the experiment box can be hoisted to a horizontal counterforce frame test piece frame after the test piece and the experiment box are assembled; the horizontal reaction frame is arranged on the guide rail and is provided with a motor screw rod moving device, the horizontal reaction frame is driven to move on the guide rail so as to facilitate test piece assembly and disassembly and adjustment displacement to test, the guide rail of the axial loading propelling device adopts a guide rod with high precision and high smoothness, a ball guide sleeve with high flexibility is embedded, sliding friction is changed into rolling friction, resistance in advancing is reduced, the horizontal moving mechanism and the guide rail adopt a linear bearing mode, the straightness is good, the friction is low, and the servo excavation tunneling device and the horizontal moving frame are connected together when excavation is needed; forming a new whole; the servo motor at the rear part drives the screw rod to drive the front rotary excavation part to advance, and the front rotary motor controls the rotating speed and torque of the cutterhead; under the drive of computer control and processing software, each loading channel loads the sample at different loading speeds, loading frequencies or control modes according to the loading demands of the user load; in the test process, each actuator carries out synchronous dynamic loading with the same amplitude and frequency; when the four actuators load the sample in the load mode, the central loading point of the sample is kept unchanged; the three directions can be subjected to static loading through the same speed, and can also be subjected to dynamic loading through the same frequency and amplitude; the center point maintaining function is realized through a hardware real-time maintaining algorithm, and the closed loop speed reaches 10kHz; the temperature of the system can be monitored and recorded in real time; including but not limited to inlet and outlet fluid temperatures, grid temperature, and rock sample temperature; the temperature monitoring channel is not lower than 32; the precision grade of the instrument is less than or equal to +/-0.1 percent FS; the system acoustic emission event real-time monitoring and data collection under experimental conditions can be met.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, who is within the scope of the present invention, should make equivalent substitutions or modifications according to the technical scheme of the present invention and the inventive concept thereof, and should be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The microcomputer-controlled electrohydraulic servo rock true triaxial simulation tunneling test system comprises a test host, an electrohydraulic servo static and dynamic loading system, a measurement control system, a servo excavation simulation system, an acoustic emission measurement system, a non-contact measurement system, a tooling machine, an electric dragging system, a computer control and data processing system and a true triaxial test alloy pressing block;
the test host consists of a square frame and a horizontal moving frame, and the size of a test piece which can be accommodated is 300mm multiplied by 300mm;
the electrohydraulic servo static and dynamic loading system consists of an intelligent servo oil source, a servo actuator and a pipeline;
the measurement control system consists of a full-digital multichannel coordinated servo control system, a load sensor, a displacement sensor and a rock sample deformation sensor;
the servo excavation simulation system comprises a first bearing plate (1), a second bearing plate (2), a first servo motor (3), a first speed reducer (4), a second servo motor (5), a second speed reducer (6), a chain tensioning mechanism (7), a height adjusting supporting mechanism (14), a movable loading cross beam (15), a guide column (11), a ball screw (10), a ball guide sleeve, a butt joint plate (12), a press-torsion compound sensor (8), a force transmission shaft (9) and a panel cutter (13);
The acoustic emission measurement system can meet the requirements of real-time monitoring and data collection of system acoustic emission events under experimental conditions;
the non-contact measurement system acquires an image of an object in a three-dimensional mode, and performs smoothing treatment and strain information visualization on a displacement field by utilizing an image correlation algorithm and photogrammetry;
the tool machine is used for attaching the shearing box to the test piece in a mechanical arm mode;
the electric dragging system consists of an electric cabinet, an electric switch and the like;
the computer control and data processing system is composed of a computer, a printer, and control and data processing software.
2. The microcomputer controlled electro-hydraulic servo rock true triaxial simulated tunneling test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the horizontal moving frame comprises a main shaft, a bearing rod and a connecting pin; the rigidity of the square frame is 23 multiplied by 109N/m, and the rigidity of the horizontal moving frame is 6.9 multiplied by 109N/m; under the condition of maximum loading and superposition, the strength requirement is met, the safety coefficient of the square frame reaches 3.96, and the safety coefficient of the horizontal moving frame reaches 3.63; the long-term stability of the outer frame can be ensured under the combined action of the maximum static load and the maximum dynamic load;
the true triaxial alloy pressing block is made of high-grade alloy steel, and is designed to be interlocked in order to ensure that a test piece deforms in the loading process and the pressing block is not interfered;
The interlocking type pressing block is adopted, so that uniform contact between the loading end face of the oil cylinder and the sample can be realized, static force can be ensured to be uniformly distributed on the surface of the sample, and meanwhile, the front part of the oil cylinder also adopts a spherical hinge mode.
3. The microcomputer controlled electro-hydraulic servo rock true triaxial simulated tunneling test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the intelligent servo oil source consists of an oil tank, an MOOG servo valve, five sets of servo motor oil pump units, an oil suction filter, a high-pressure oil filter, a one-way valve, a common overflow valve, a differential pressure overflow valve, a reversing valve, a liquid level meter, an air filter and a cooler; the automatic liquid level undersize alarm, oil filter blockage alarm, oil temperature automatic control, low-high pressure automatic switching starting, overload overflow, overload protection and other perfect functions are realized; the hydraulic oil pump and the motor, the low noise internal gear oil pump can realize variable frequency loading; the flow rate is 450L/min; the highest pressure is more than or equal to 25MPa; the oil is sourced from a circulating cooling system, and is not required to be cooled by an additional cooling water source; the PLC is adopted to control the pressure and the flow, the flow and the pressure can be set in a mode of serial communication between the touch screen and the main controller, and the flow and the pressure are adjustable from 15% -100% FS; the PC software of the upper computer can remotely control the oil source, can set the pressure, flow and temperature of the oil source, and can also be opened, closed, reset and other operations; the static valve model is D633, the flow is 40L/min, the dynamic valve model is D791, and the flow is 250L/min;
The intelligent servo oil source is characterized in that:
the latest generation hydraulic servo energy-saving scheme is adopted, the system pressure and flow are controlled in a double closed loop manner, the hydraulic system supplies oil according to the actually required flow and pressure, the high energy consumption generated by high-pressure overflow of the traditional hydraulic system is overcome, the electric quantity loss during pressure maintaining can be reduced by more than 50%, and the requirement of greatly saving energy is met;
the intelligent servo oil source electrohydraulic control part integrates an electrohydraulic servo energy-saving system to realize the integration of hydraulic and motor-servo technologies, and mainly comprises an electrohydraulic servo driver, a servo motor, a high-pressure servo pump, a pressure sensor and the like; the hydraulic system supplies oil according to the actually required flow and pressure by adopting a vector control, flux weakening control and special PID control algorithm, can accurately control the pressure and flow required by the whole working process, eliminates the energy loss of high-pressure throttling, achieves the effects of energy conservation and electricity saving, reduces the oil temperature of the system, and has the highest energy saving rate of 65 percent and the average energy saving rate of more than 30 percent, so that an oil cooler can be omitted, and the oil source has a simple and efficient structure;
the software independently controls the servo oil source; driving a servo valve to work, receiving a displacement sensor and a pressure sensor of a load sensor as feedback signals, automatically completing data acquisition, processing, feature extraction and identification, and controlling a system to work according to control instructions issued by a microcomputer, wherein a servo oil source and a servo oil pump unit; thereby reducing the power consumption and achieving long-time load and pressure maintaining;
The traditional oil source has the problems that the oil temperature rises rapidly due to the existence of high-pressure throttling, and the oil body is easy to thin, the pipeline is softened, oil leakage and the like, so that the hydraulic oil is forced to be cooled, and meanwhile, the capacity of an oil tank is required to be increased; under most working conditions, the intelligent servo oil source controls the temperature rise of hydraulic oil within 6 ℃ through natural cooling, cooling water is not used any more, the service lives of the hydraulic oil pump and the sealing element are greatly prolonged, and compared with the traditional oil source with the same efficacy, only 30% of oil storage capacity is needed, two thirds of oil quantity is saved, and more than 60% of space is saved;
the servo actuator consists of four static servo actuators with 5000KN output and 1 static servo actuator with 5000KN output and 1800KN dynamic state in normal direction, and the pressure control precision is 0.05% -0.1%FS; dynamic load disturbance is realized normally, and the disturbance frequency is 20HZ; the amplitude is 0.5mm, the test piece size is 30x30x30CM, the confining pressure is=f/s=5000 KN/302=55.55 Mpa, the dynamic confining pressure is F/s=1800 KN/302=20 Mpa, the stroke is 300mm, the low friction is realized, the loading control of force and displacement can be realized, and the loading target value and the increasing speed are set under different control;
five servo actuators are internally provided with magneto-induced displacement sensors, and the repeatability error is +/-0.01% F.S.; the hysteresis is less than +/-0.002%, and the displacement value of the piston of the servo actuator can be precisely measured; the front end of the piston rod is provided with a load sensor;
The servo loading part power is as follows:
the loading speed of each 5000KN actuator is 180mm/min, so that the required power N1=5FV=5×5000×180=45 KW is loaded on the static three-way five sides simultaneously;
and the normal dynamic loading force is 20Mpa, the test piece is 30 multiplied by 30cm, the frequency is 20Hz, the amplitude A=0.5 mm, the power N2= fAF =180 multiplied by 2 multiplied by 20=72 KW under the dynamic force of 1800KN, and the power required by the electrohydraulic servo loading part is N=N1+N2=117 KW.
4. The microcomputer controlled electro-hydraulic servo rock true triaxial simulated tunneling test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the all-digital multichannel servo coordination control system, a controller adopts an upper computer mode and a lower computer mode, and is not a PC (personal computer) on-board controller;
the control mode is as follows: stress, displacement, deformation, follow stress, follow displacement, follow deformation, and a plurality of closed-loop control methods can be optimized according to the characteristics of the tester;
the method can provide various dynamic carrier waveforms, such as triangular waves, sine waves, cosine waves and the like, and is provided with a custom waveform interface to give custom waveform programming guidance;
the multi-channel coordination control system works in a multi-station and multi-task mode, pulls and presses basic parameters of multi-variable control, can realize multi-axis/multi-actuator linkage, ensures relative errors of linkage, and realizes complex and accurate multi-point loading; the method can independently load a plurality of oil cylinders and realize synchronous and coordinated loading, and the center point of the sample is kept unchanged during loading so as to obtain effective and reliable test data; the control system has four modes of operation:
Static operation: static loading of the oil cylinder is realized, and the loading speed, loading mode and target position can be set;
cycle time: the dynamic loading of the oil cylinder is realized, and the oil cylinder can be synchronously loaded or independently loaded;
by adopting the SHARC processor, the bit number is 32bit, the floating point is 200MHz, and the monitoring of the equipment can be independently completed in 24h multiplied by 365 days;
a signal output frequency of 100kHz or higher is employed;
the output signal of high resolution is not lower than 0.003% fs;
the high-precision output signal can output 4-20mA current, 10V voltage, pulse signals and the like;
the acquisition system is used for realizing full stress strain acquisition in the test process, so that the graph is conveniently exported and processed;
the sensor has larger influence on the precision of the tester, the displacement sensor adopts a stroke of 300mm and an accuracy of 0.001 percent FS, and the magnetostrictive displacement sensor is characterized in that: the sensor has high precision, high stability, high reliability, extremely strong anti-interference capability and low power consumption, and is an optimal test sensor for dynamic and static displacement at present;
the force transducer adopts five 5000 KNs, the measuring range is 55Mpa, the accuracy is 0.001 percent FS, the spoke type pressure transducer and the response time of the dynamic and static pressure transducer is less than 1ms; the method is characterized in that: the sensor has high precision, high stability, high reliability and strong anti-interference capability, and is the test sensor with the optimal pressure at present;
The high resolution of the analog sensor is 1/200000FS, and the high sampling frequency is 40kHz; the analog sensor has high acquisition accuracy and error of 0.001% F.S.
5. The microcomputer controlled electro-hydraulic servo rock true triaxial simulated tunneling test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the utility model discloses a high-speed servo motor, including first bearing plate (1), second bearing plate (2), first bearing plate (1) and second bearing plate (2) are all fixed mounting has high regulation supporting mechanism (14), rotate between first bearing plate (1) and second bearing plate (2) and be connected with two ball screw (10), the outside of first bearing plate (1) is provided with chain tensioning mechanism (7), chain tensioning mechanism (7) are connected with two ball screw (10), the outside of chain tensioning mechanism (7) is provided with second servo motor (5) and second speed reducer (6), second speed reducer (6) are connected with ball screw (10), the output of second servo motor (5) is connected with second speed reducer (6), be provided with between first bearing plate (1) and second bearing plate (2) and remove load crossbeam (15), the inside of removal load crossbeam (15) is provided with ball guide sleeve, remove load crossbeam (15) and ball screw (10) are connected, the first speed reducer (4) of first side (4) are connected with first speed reducer (4) fixedly installed, the novel hydraulic pressure torsion combined type hydraulic pressure loading device is characterized in that a torsion combined sensor (8) is arranged on the other side of the movable loading cross beam (15), four guide posts (11) are fixedly arranged between the first bearing plate (1) and the second bearing plate (2), the four guide posts (11) penetrate through the movable loading cross beam (15), an abutting plate (12) is fixedly arranged on the outer side of the second bearing plate (2), a panel cutter (13) is arranged on the outer side of the abutting plate (12), a force transmission shaft (9) is arranged on one side of the torsion combined sensor (8), and one end of the force transmission shaft (9) penetrates through the abutting plate (12) and is fixedly connected with the panel cutter (13);
The servo excavation simulation system adopts a shield tunneling machine principle, a fish tail cutter, a leading cutter and a plane scraper are arranged at the front end of the servo excavation simulation system, actual working conditions are simulated to the greatest extent, a propelling device adopts a servo motor ball screw structure and is arranged at one end of a propelling rod, the speed and the force are adjustable, the maximum stroke of the propelling rod is 600mm, the maximum output is 500KN, the tunneling speed of a tunnel is 1-100mm/min, the tunneling diameter is 50-200 mm, and the tunneling speed is adjustable; 5 sets of cutter head drills with different diameters are matched, a common type detachable installation method is adopted, the cutter head drills can be freely replaced according to requirements when the diameters of different tunnels are different, rotary rock breaking is driven by a servo motor speed reducer, the rock breaking strength is 150Mpa, the rated rotating speed is 350r/min, and the rated torque is 500NM; the rotating speed and the torque are adjustable;
the height of the servo excavation simulation system is adjustable; the longitudinal stress relief method gradient excavation can be simulated, and the stress relief process can monitor the change rule of stress and displacement;
the pushing rod is connected with a hexagonal head structure, and after a certain distance is excavated, the pushing rod retreats, so that high-speed shooting and infrared temperature measurement are facilitated; the servo excavation simulation system is arranged on a horizontal counterforce frame of the test host, the computer controls the servo simulation excavation system to advance and rotationally excavate, the advancing speed, the advancing force and the rotating speed can be automatically acquired, the advancing speed-advancing force can be made in the computer, the rotating speed and the torque curve can be adjusted by software, and the advancing force, the advancing speed, the torque and the rotating speed can be adjusted by the software;
The excavation direction is the normal direction of a certain loading surface and the horizontal inclination schematic illustration that the normal direction forms an included angle of 5.7 degrees, in order to simulate tunnel excavation, an excavation hole is reserved at one side of the outer frame, the diameter of the contact part of the excavation hole and a test piece is less than or equal to 200mm, the diameter of the semicircular part of the outer hole on the frame is more than 220mm, the axis of the horizontal inclined tunnel can deviate from the central axis of the test piece by 0.05m, namely the inclination angle is 5.7 degrees when the horizontal inclined tunnel is excavated in an inclined way
And (3) calculating power:
horizontal propulsion power:
the tunneling torque is 500Nm, and the reduction ratio is 50; the input power is 2KW of the servo motor, the torque is 9.8Nm, so that the partial power is 10.3KW, and the total power of a computer, a controller system and a camera system is less than or equal to 5KW;
in order to prevent the test box from collision after the test sample is destroyed, a displacement sensor is required to be arranged to monitor the displacement of the test box, and meanwhile, an overload protection device is arranged, so that the test sample can be automatically opened when the destruction stress of the test sample is rapidly reduced; the pressure head of the oil carrying cylinder is provided with a three-dimensional five-sided laser displacement sensor, the displacement of the pressure box is monitored, and a pressure overload protection device is arranged, when the damage stress of a test piece is rapidly reduced, the process protection device is started, so that the oil cylinder stops moving forwards, and the picking up and the damage are avoided.
6. The microcomputer controlled electro-hydraulic servo rock true triaxial simulated tunneling test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the acoustic emission measurement system can meet the requirements of real-time monitoring and data collection of system acoustic emission events under experimental conditions, and a 16-acquisition channel is formed; continuous collection and storage length: the multichannel signals are synchronously collected, so that waveform data can be continuously stored for a plurality of hours, and the loss of a bit of data in the period is avoided; a USB3.0 interface is adopted; injury anchor point size: dividing the size of the locating point according to the energy of the locating point in equal proportion; injury locating point color: the colors can be set to be different colors along with the arrival time, and damage positioning points at the early stage, the middle stage and the end stage of the experiment can be clearly distinguished from the positioning map; providing complete signal parameters such as arrival time, amplitude, duration, rise time, ringing count, up count, energy, RMS value, ASL value, centroid frequency, and peak frequency.
7. The microcomputer controlled electro-hydraulic servo rock true triaxial simulated tunneling test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the non-contact measurement system realizes real-time high-speed three-dimensional acquisition of speckle or mark point images of each deformation stage of an object, performs three-dimensional matching of deformation points on the surface of the object by using an image correlation algorithm and photogrammetry, performs smoothing treatment and strain information visualization on a displacement field, and measures 20mm to 1m in breadth; the strain measurement range is 0.01% -1000%; the 2D strain measurement precision at least reaches 20 mu epsilon, the 3D strain measurement precision at least reaches 50 mu epsilon, and the displacement measurement precision is 0.01mm; the resolution of the camera is more than or equal to 2448 x 2048, the pixel of the camera is more than or equal to 500w, the maximum acquisition frame rate is more than or equal to 75fps, and the number of the camera is 2; the lens is provided with at least two 35mm fixed focus lenses, two 50mm fixed focus lenses and two 75mm fixed focus lenses, and is provided with an optical filter; the integrated blue light source is in a square shape and is fixed through a universal shaft arm, and the integrated blue light source is two blue light sources which are more than or equal to 20W; the beam of the image acquisition equipment is internally provided with a laser ranging device, so that the distance from the beam of the image acquisition equipment to a measured object can be displayed in real time, a switch can be controlled in deformation measurement system software, and the measurement range is 0-10 meters; the double lenses form three-dimensional observation, one lens can shoot into the small pilot tunnel at the other side, the small pilot tunnel is actually not used, a section of tunneling can be performed, the drill bit is withdrawn, shooting is performed, and tunneling is continued; the beam of the image acquisition equipment is internally provided with an infrared temperature measuring device, so that the current temperature can be displayed in real time, and the temperature measuring range is: -40-85 ℃; high-performance data analysis processing terminal: memory is more than or equal to 32G, hard disk: the mechanical hard disk is more than or equal to 2T and is more than or equal to 512G solid state disk; 1 in number; equipped with 1 cover of collection control system, 3 covers of speckle manufacturing instrument, include: tattoo sticker making spots, ink returning seal making spots and bushing making spots; the image is directly recorded to a high-speed memory of the camera, and is transmitted to a notebook computer or a desktop computer through a gigabit network interface after shooting.
8. The microcomputer controlled electro-hydraulic servo rock true triaxial simulated tunneling test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the size of a test piece of the tooling machine is 30 times 30cm, three-way five-sided loading is realized by applying load to a shearing box formed by five pressing plates, the tooling machine adopts a mechanical arm mode, the shearing box can be uniformly attached to the test piece by the mechanical arm, sealing glue is coated, and the auxiliary test piece is separated from the shearing box after the test is completed.
9. The microcomputer controlled electro-hydraulic servo rock true triaxial simulated tunneling test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the electric dragging system is a control operation device for supplying power to the servo loading system and has various protection functions; the control operation device comprises an electric cabinet, an electric switch and the like, is used for supplying power to a servo loading system and has various protection functions: the device comprises a power-off protection function, a beam position limiting protection function, an actuator displacement limiting protection function, an overload protection function, an overrun protection function, a software operation error protection function, a sample fracture protection function and a multiple intelligent safety protection function.
10. The microcomputer controlled electro-hydraulic servo rock true triaxial simulated tunneling test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the computer control and data processing system is as follows:
And (3) a computer: desktop Cpu i7, 8G memory, 1T+128G SSD hard disk, 23 inch LCD, keyboard, mouse, win10 operating system; providing a set of operating application software under a Win10 operating system;
a printer: a4, a laser printer;
control and data processing software: according to the true triaxial experimental standard programming, the coordinated stress and strain control of a multi-field coupling true triaxial stress path is realized, and all channels need independent motion control, data real-time acquisition, display and storage;
the method operates under the Windows Chinese platform and has the following functions:
according to the user instruction, giving instructions to a measurement control system, a servo loading actuator and an oil source system, and carrying out force, displacement and deformation three-closed-loop control loading and unloading by the systems according to the instructions;
the stress-strain relationship of the rock under different stress paths can be automatically drawn, and the full stress-strain curve of the rock can be tested;
according to the test requirement, a true triaxial test and a plane strain test under the stress control type and strain control type conditions can be implemented, and different data acquisition and processing are carried out, in particular, epsilon 1, mu, delta v, epsilon 2 and epsilon 3 of rock are acquired according to different control time under the stress control condition or sigma 1, epsilon 1, sigma 3, sigma 2, mu, delta v, epsilon 2 and epsilon 3 under the strain control condition, so that various relevant curves and models and relevant parameters are established;
The control software can be used for Windows 10 test platforms, and has the functions of displaying curves, test reports and the like in real time; the test data is stored by excel, is friendly in interface and easy to understand, has a certain opening degree, and can be added with a data acquisition channel and a test program on software.
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| CN117949327A (en) * | 2024-03-26 | 2024-04-30 | 海朴精密材料(苏州)有限责任公司 | Device, method and system for testing dynamic compression mechanical property of metal material |
| CN118010482A (en) * | 2024-04-10 | 2024-05-10 | 四川铁锐信检测认证有限公司 | Concrete test block compression resistance test equipment |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117949327A (en) * | 2024-03-26 | 2024-04-30 | 海朴精密材料(苏州)有限责任公司 | Device, method and system for testing dynamic compression mechanical property of metal material |
| CN118010482A (en) * | 2024-04-10 | 2024-05-10 | 四川铁锐信检测认证有限公司 | Concrete test block compression resistance test equipment |
| CN118010482B (en) * | 2024-04-10 | 2024-06-04 | 四川铁锐信检测认证有限公司 | Concrete test block compression resistance test equipment |
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