CN117344297A - Preparation method and system of strong plastic wear-resistant protective coating on surface of titanium alloy - Google Patents
Preparation method and system of strong plastic wear-resistant protective coating on surface of titanium alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN117344297A CN117344297A CN202311184042.0A CN202311184042A CN117344297A CN 117344297 A CN117344297 A CN 117344297A CN 202311184042 A CN202311184042 A CN 202311184042A CN 117344297 A CN117344297 A CN 117344297A
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- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 230000005674 electromagnetic induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000010288 cold spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001651 emery Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 31
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical group [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011156 metal matrix composite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010285 flame spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007750 plasma spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000241 scar Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/02—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
- C23C24/04—Impact or kinetic deposition of particles
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of metal surface treatment, in particular to a preparation method and a system of a strong plastic wear-resistant protective coating on a titanium alloy surface. The preparation method combines a cold spraying process and an electromagnetic induction heating process, powder to be sprayed is mixed by high-speed gas to form solid high-speed particles, and the solid high-speed particles are heated in a non-contact manner by electromagnetic induction to form high-speed high-temperature particles; and then, high-speed high-temperature particles impact the substrate to deposit and form a strong plastic compact coating on the surface of the matrix. The invention is superimposed with electromagnetic induction heating technology based on cold spraying technology, which is skillfully superimposed with two methods, thereby solving the problem of large brittleness of cold spraying.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal surface treatment, in particular to a preparation method and a system of a strong plastic wear-resistant protective coating on a titanium alloy surface.
Background
The titanium alloy has the excellent characteristics of high specific strength, good corrosion resistance, good biocompatibility and the like, and is widely applied to important fields of aviation, aerospace, medicine and the like. However, titanium alloy components are often faced with the threat of fretting failure due to high coefficient of friction, poor wear resistance. In particular, titanium alloy plays an extremely important role in the application of aeroengines, and is generally used for manufacturing a blade disc and a blade of an engine with service temperature not higher than 500 ℃, and the blade can slide in a tongue-and-groove in a tiny amplitude due to parameter changes in the starting, closing and running processes of the engine, so that typical inching working conditions are formed, and the blade is in danger of abrasion, fracture and failure. Other fastening means of titanium alloy structural members also present such a risk of failure.
On the other hand, cuNiIn powder is copper-based alloy powder. The CuNiIn coating is a soft solid lubrication film layer with excellent comprehensive performance, wherein In mainly plays a role In lubrication, cu and Ni play a role In lubrication, and the bearing capacity of the coating can be enhanced, so that the CuNiIn coating has the characteristics of low hardness, corrosion resistance, good high temperature resistance and the like, and is commonly used as an fretting wear resistant coating for the working surfaces of aero-engine and gas turbine blades. Common preparation methods of CuNiIn coatings include atmospheric plasma spraying, supersonic flame spraying, electric arc spraying, and the like. Such spray methods based on melting of the spray material inevitably lead to oxidation of the powder, affecting the inherent properties of the powder. Therefore, it is imperative to explore an economical and efficient method for preparing the CuNiIn coating.
In the prior art, for example, chinese patent application No. CN201711189046.2 discloses a method for preparing a coating on an inner wall of a reduction furnace by cold spraying, in which a rahal nozzle accelerates heated compressed gas as a working carrier gas, a high-speed carrier gas accelerates raw material powder to be sprayed out from a spray gun, and the raw material powder collides with the inner wall of the reduction furnace at a low temperature, a high speed and a complete solid state, and particles of the raw material and the inner wall of the reduction furnace are deposited on the surface of the inner wall after being subjected to severe plastic deformation at the same time, so that the coating is formed by the accumulation effect of the particles. The technical proposal belongs to a cold spraying process, and the greatest problem of the process is as follows: the brittleness of the deposited coating is high due to the low particle temperature in the cold spraying process. According to numerical simulation and theoretical analysis of ANSYS FLUENT software CFD method, as shown in FIG. 1, the temperature of CuNiIn powder reaching a substrate after being sprayed from a Laval nozzle is less than 100 ℃; the deposited coating obtained by plastic deformation of the powder at low temperature is brittle and, as shown in fig. 2, can be peeled off from the substrate during bending.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a preparation method and a system of a strong plastic wear-resistant protective coating on the surface of a titanium alloy, which aim to solve the problem of high brittleness of the coating prepared by cold spraying technology in the prior art. The preparation method combines a cold spraying process and an electromagnetic induction heating process to prepare the high-speed wear-resistant coating.
The invention is based on the preparation of CuNiIn coating, and the general method suitable for preparing the strong plastic wear-resistant protective coating on the surface of the titanium alloy is obtained, and is especially suitable for preparing the coating of metal or metal matrix composite. In the research process, not only an electromagnetic induction heating device is added in the existing spraying system, but also a special design Laval nozzle structure is obtained.
Specifically, the invention provides a preparation method of a strong plastic wear-resistant protective coating on the surface of a titanium alloy, which combines a cold spraying process and an electromagnetic induction heating process, powder to be sprayed is mixed by high-speed gas to form solid high-speed particles, and the solid high-speed particles are heated in a non-contact manner by electromagnetic induction to form high-speed high-temperature particles; and then, the high-speed high-temperature particles impact the substrate, and a coating is deposited on the surface of the matrix to form the coating.
In order to better realize the preparation method, the A path of high-pressure air is sent into the spray gun after being preheated by the preheating device, the B path of high-pressure air is sent into the spray gun by the powder feeding device to feed the powder raw material to be sprayed into the spray gun, the two paths of air flow are converged and accelerated by the Laval nozzle, powder particles pass through the electromagnetic induction coil at a high speed as solid high-speed particles to be heated for the second time to form the high-speed particles, the high-speed high-temperature particles impact the substrate to generate large plastic deformation, and the particles are flattened and deposited on the surface of the substrate to form a coating.
Further, in order to better implement the present invention, the operation of converging and accelerating two air streams at the Laval nozzle is as follows: firstly, a preheating device and a preheating air valve of a path A are opened, after the path A gas is heated to meet the deposition temperature of powder to be sprayed, a powder feeding device and a powder feeding air valve of a path B are opened, and then the heated gas input by the path A and the powder to be sprayed brought by the path B through the gas are mixed in a premixing chamber of a spray gun and then are pressed into a Laval nozzle to be fully mixed and accelerated.
Further, in order to better realize the invention, the nozzle outlet of the Laval nozzle is of a rectangular structure; coatings of different deposition widths are obtained by adjusting the size of the nozzle outlet.
Further, in order to better realize the invention, the powder to be sprayed is CuNiIn copper-based alloy powder.
Further, in order to better realize the invention, the preparation method of the titanium alloy surface strong plastic wear-resistant protective coating specifically comprises the following steps:
step S1: according to the type of the coating material, a Laval nozzle and an electromagnetic induction coil are configured;
step S2: performing sand blasting treatment on the surface of the titanium alloy, removing a surface oxide film, and activating the surface;
step S3: firstly, opening a preheating device and a preheating air valve of a path A, opening a powder feeding device and a powder feeding air valve of a path B after the path A gas is heated to meet the deposition temperature of powder to be sprayed, and then pressing the heated gas input by the path A and the powder to be sprayed brought by the path B through the gas into a Laval nozzle for full mixing and acceleration after mixing in a premixing chamber of a spray gun to form solid high-speed particles; then the solid high-speed particles pass through an electromagnetic induction coil with certain current in a supersonic state to form high-temperature high-speed particles; the high-temperature and high-speed particles strike the surface of the matrix to deposit and form a coating.
Further, in order to better implement the present invention, the air pressure of the B-path air is controlled to be greater than the air pressure of the a-path air in the step S3.
Further, in order to better implement the present invention, the output power of the electromagnetic induction coil is controlled to 10 Kw-40 Kw in the step S3.
Further, in order to better implement the present invention, the sand blasting treatment in step S2 uses silicon carbide or quartz sand.
The invention also provides a system of the strong plastic wear-resistant protective coating on the surface of the titanium alloy, which is used for implementing the preparation method. The system comprises a spray gun and an electromagnetic induction coil arranged at the rear end of the spray gun.
Further, in order to better implement the present invention, the spray gun employs a Laval nozzle; the nozzle outlet of the Laval nozzle is of a rectangular structure.
Further, in order to better realize the invention, the Laval nozzle is provided with a throat part, a contraction section, an expansion section and a nozzle outlet according to the fluid flow direction.
The invention has the following beneficial effects.
(1) The preparation method of the strong plastic wear-resistant protective coating on the surface of the titanium alloy is suitable for a general method for preparing the strong plastic wear-resistant protective coating on the surface of the titanium alloy, and is particularly suitable for preparing a coating of metal or metal matrix composite.
(2) The preparation method of the strong plastic wear-resistant protective coating on the titanium alloy surface has simple construction process and can realize the on-site preparation and repair of the coating.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings for a person having ordinary skill in the art.
FIG. 1 is a corresponding airflow temperature cloud image during a software simulated cold spray process for preparing a coating.
FIG. 2 shows the peeling of the coating after bending of a titanium alloy piece coated by a cold spray process alone.
FIG. 3 shows the peeling of the coating after bending of a titanium alloy piece coated by the preparation method of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional profile of the deposit when the nozzle outlet is in a circular configuration.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional profile of a deposit when the nozzle outlet is in a rectangular configuration.
Fig. 6 is an original microscopic morphology of CuNiIn powder particles.
FIG. 7 is a microscopic morphology of a CuNiIn coating; fig. 7 (a) is a mirror image; fig. 7 (b) is an electron microscope image.
FIG. 8 is a two-dimensional morphology of wear scar of a CuNiIn coating after fretting wear testing; wherein, FIG. 8 (a) and FIG. 8 (c) are the wear morphology of the two different positions of the CuNiIn coating under the displacement condition of 100 μm; FIGS. 8 (b) and 8 (d) are wear profiles of two different positions of the CuNiIn coating under the condition of 400 μm displacement.
Fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of the Laval nozzle.
Fig. 10 is a schematic view of the structure of the Laval nozzle end face.
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing the connection relationship of main components of a preparation system of a strong plastic wear-resistant protective coating on the surface of a titanium alloy.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1. a compressed gas storage tank; 2.a powder feeding air valve; 3. a powder feeding device; 4. a premix chamber; 5. laval nozzle; 6. a preheating air valve; 7. a preheating device; 8. an electromagnetic induction coil.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope of protection. All other embodiments, which are obtained by a worker of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, are within the protection scope of the present invention based on the embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides a preparation method of a strong plastic wear-resistant protective coating on the surface of a titanium alloy, which combines a cold spraying process and an electromagnetic induction heating process, wherein powder to be sprayed is mixed by high-speed gas to form solid high-speed particles, and the solid high-speed particles are heated in a non-contact manner by electromagnetic induction to form high-speed high-temperature particles; and then, the high-speed high-temperature particles impact the substrate, and a coating is deposited on the surface of the matrix to form the coating.
The preparation method is realized based on gas-solid two-phase fluid dynamics, electromagnetic induction principle and high-speed collision dynamics principle, and the whole process can be roughly divided into three processes of particle acceleration heating, particle reheating and particle collision. Of course, in the preparation method described in this embodiment, the temperature of the powder sprayed from the spray gun needs to be controlled to be lower than the melting point of the powder in the physical properties of the material itself, so as to ensure that the powder particles strike the substrate in the solid state and obtain a strong plastic compact coating at a lower particle speed.
The Chinese patent application No. CN201711189046.2 mentioned in the background art discloses a method for preparing the coating on the inner wall of a reducing furnace by cold spraying. The cold spray method is used for preparing the CuNiIn coating. According to numerical simulation and theoretical analysis of ANSYS FLUENT software CFD method, powder temperature is considered to be equivalent to air flow temperature in simplified analysis, and as shown in figure 1, the temperature of CuNiIn powder reaching a substrate after being sprayed from a Laval nozzle 5 is less than 100 ℃. The CuNiIn coating is prepared on the surface of the titanium alloy by adopting a cold spraying method, and can be peeled off from the matrix in the bending process as shown in figure 2. Analyzing the reason: the deposited coating obtained by plastic deformation of the powder at low temperature has high brittleness. Then, by adopting the preparation method provided by the embodiment, an electromagnetic induction heating device is added, the accelerated CuNiIn powder is heated by using an electromagnetic induction heating technology, the temperature of the powder is increased to 400-600 ℃ under the condition of not changing the speed, and as shown in fig. 3, the coating and the matrix are not peeled after the deposited layer is bent by 90 degrees. Analyzing the reason: the deposited layer obtained by the plastic deformation of the medium-temperature powder has higher strength and greatly reduces the brittleness of the deposited layer.
Therefore, the preparation method of the strong plastic wear-resistant protective coating on the titanium alloy surface combines the characteristics of obtaining solid high-speed particles and electromagnetic induction non-contact heating by a cold spraying process, and the strong plastic wear-resistant protective coating is prepared at one time.
Example 2:
this embodiment will be described in detail based on embodiment 1.
The whole preparation method of the embodiment can be roughly divided into three processes of particle acceleration heating, particle reheating and particle collision. Firstly, preheating a path of high-pressure gas by a preheating device 7, and then sending the preheated gas into a specially designed spray gun, wherein the spray gun comprises a specially designed shrinkage-expansion Laval nozzle 5, and the gas is fully expanded and accelerated to form supersonic airflow and generate certain shock waves; the other path of high-pressure gas is used as powder feeding gas, powder particles to be sprayed are carried out by a powder feeding device 3 and axially fed to a Laval nozzle 5; the two paths of air flows are converged and accelerated by the Laval nozzle 5 to form solid high-speed particles, the solid high-speed particles pass through the induction coil to be heated secondarily, the high-speed high-temperature particles impact the substrate to generate large plastic deformation, and the particles are flattened and deposited on the surface of the substrate to form a coating.
In another embodiment, two paths of high-pressure air flows are initially mixed in a premixing cavity at the front end of the Laval nozzle 5, then are pressed into the Laval nozzle 5 for acceleration, and then solid high-speed particles can be heated through an electromagnetic induction coil 8 with a certain current under a supersonic state and then collide with the surface of a substrate.
In the preparation method of the strong plastic wear-resistant protective coating on the titanium alloy surface, the A path of high-pressure air is sent into the spray gun after being preheated by the preheating device 7, the B path of high-pressure air is sent into the spray gun by the powder feeding device 3 to spray powder raw materials, the two paths of air flows are converged and accelerated by the Laval nozzle 5, powder particles pass through the electromagnetic induction coil 8 at a high speed as solid high-speed particles to be heated for the second time to form the high-speed particles, the high-speed high-temperature particles impact the substrate to generate large plastic deformation, and the particles are flattened and deposited on the surface of the substrate to form the coating. Coatings of different deposition widths are obtained by adjusting the size of the nozzle outlet.
Typically, the solid high-speed particles refer to solid particles having a speed greater than 200 m/s; the high-speed high-temperature particles refer to particles with the speed of more than 200m/s and the temperature of more than 100 ℃.
Further, the operation of converging and accelerating the two air streams at the Laval nozzle 5 is as follows: firstly, a preheating device 7 and a preheating air valve 6 of the A path are opened, after the A path of air is heated to meet the deposition temperature of powder to be sprayed, a powder feeding device 3 and a powder feeding air valve 2 of the B path are opened, and then the heated air input by the A path and the powder to be sprayed brought by the B path through the air are mixed in a premixing chamber 4 of a spray gun and then are pressed into a Laval nozzle 5 to be fully mixed and accelerated.
Further, the preparation method of the titanium alloy surface strong plastic wear-resistant protective coating specifically comprises the following steps:
step S1: according to the type of the coating material, a Laval nozzle 5 and an electromagnetic induction coil 8 are configured;
step S2: performing sand blasting treatment on the surface of the titanium alloy, removing a surface oxide film, and activating the surface;
step S3: firstly, opening a preheating device 7 and a preheating air valve 6 of the A path, opening a powder feeding device 3 and a powder feeding air valve 2 of the B path after the A path of air is heated to meet the deposition temperature of powder to be sprayed, and then, after the heated air input by the A path and the powder to be sprayed brought by the B path of air are mixed in a premixing chamber 4 of a spray gun, pressing the mixed powder into a Laval nozzle 5 for full mixing and acceleration to form solid high-speed particles; then the solid high-speed particles pass through an electromagnetic induction coil 8 with certain current in a supersonic state to form high-temperature high-speed particles; the high-temperature and high-speed particles strike the surface of the matrix to deposit and form a coating.
In another embodiment, the powder particles to be sprayed are typically metal or metal matrix composite.
In another embodiment, the grit blasting uses silicon carbide or quartz grit.
In another embodiment, the gas in the path A and the path B is nitrogen, helium, compressed air or the like.
In another embodiment, the operating temperature of the preheating device 7 of the a-way is generally not more than 900 ℃.
In another specific embodiment, the pressure of the gas in the B path is controlled to be greater than the pressure of the gas in the a path in the step S3. Further, the pressure of the gas in the path B is controlled to be slightly larger than that of the gas in the path A, such as: the powder feeding pressure is 2-5 MPa, and the heating pressure is 1.5-4.5 MPa.
In another embodiment, the output power of the electromagnetic coil 8 is controlled to 10 Kw-40 Kw in the step S3.
Other portions of this embodiment are the same as those of embodiment 1, and thus will not be described in detail.
Example 3:
further optimized on the basis of example 1 or example 2.
In the embodiment, cuNiIn copper-based alloy powder is selected as powder to be sprayed, and a preparation method of a CuNiIn coating for strengthening plastic wear-resistant protection on the surface of the titanium alloy is provided.
When the coating is prepared, firstly opening a preheating device 7 and a preheating air valve 6 of the A path, opening a powder feeding device 3 and a powder feeding air valve 2 of the B path after the A path is heated to meet the deposition temperature of powder to be sprayed, and then pressing the heated gas input by the A path and CuNiIn powder brought by the B path through the gas into a Laval nozzle 5 for full mixing and acceleration after mixing in a premixing chamber 4 of a spray gun to form solid high-speed particles; then the solid high-speed particles pass through an electromagnetic induction coil 8 with certain current in a supersonic state to form high-temperature high-speed particles; the high-temperature and high-speed particles strike the surface of the matrix to deposit and form a coating.
When preparing the CuNiIn coating:
a. the working temperature of the preheating device 7 is not more than 900 ℃; typically 450 ℃ to 750 ℃;
b. controlling the heating air pressure of the A path to be 1.5-4.5 MPa;
c. controlling the powder feeding air pressure of the B path to be 2-5 MPa;
d. the CuNiIn powder is accelerated to more than 300m/s after being pressed into the Laval nozzle 5;
e. the output power of the electromagnetic induction coil 8 is 10Kw to 40Kw.
In the embodiment, the whole working temperature is lower than the melting point of CuNiIn copper-based alloy powder, powder particles are not melted, solid high-speed particles are impacted on a substrate in a solid state after being reheated, the plasticity of the coating is improved, meanwhile, oxidation is not generated, the defects of high-temperature oxidation, thermal stress cracking and the like in the coating preparation process are effectively avoided, the prepared coating is compact in structure and simple in process, and the on-site preparation and repair of the coating can be realized by matching with portable spraying equipment and induction heating equipment.
According to the preparation method of the CuNiIn coating on the surface of the titanium alloy for strong plastic wear-resistant protection, the oxidation influence on powder in the coating preparation process is effectively reduced, and meanwhile, the strong plasticity of the coating is improved as much as possible, so that the service performance of the titanium alloy with the micro-motion protection requirement is improved, and the preparation method has important application value for the aeroengine and gas turbine industries.
Other portions of this embodiment are the same as those of embodiment 1 or embodiment 2, and thus will not be described in detail.
Example 4:
based on any one of the embodiment 1 to the embodiment 3, TC4 aluminum alloy is selected as a base material, and CuNiIn is selected as powder to be sprayed. Wherein the powder material is Cu36Ni5In, is spherical and has a particle size ranging from 5 mu m to 45 mu m. The specific process of the preparation method is as follows.
1. And (3) carrying out emery sand blasting treatment on the surface of the titanium alloy to remove the surface oxide film.
2. Technological parameters of the CuNiIn coating preparation method are as follows: nitrogen is used as working gas; the powder feeding air pressure is 3.2MPa, the heating air pressure is 3.0MPa, the heating temperature is 600 ℃, and the output power is 10Kw.
3. The coating porosity was tested to be about 2.9%; the bonding strength is 34MPa; peeling does not occur between the inward bending 90 degrees and the outward bending 90 degrees of the coating; the abrasion rate of the coating is 2.39 multiplied by 10 through the test result of a ball/plane contact type fretting abrasion tester -2 μm 3 /(N·μm)。
The original micro-morphology of the CuNiIn powder particles in this example is shown in fig. 6. The microscopic morphology of the CuNiIn coating, as shown in fig. 7; as shown in fig. 7 (a), it can be seen from the photomicrograph that the coating porosity varies in the thickness direction, and the porosity is higher as the coating surface is closer to the lowest position near the substrate; as is evident from the SEM image of the coating in fig. 7 (b), the different orientations of the coating structure are evident, thus distinguishing the grain boundaries, which become increasingly blurred or even vanished the smaller the grains are, the more severe the deformation, which indicates the formation of a metallurgically bonded coating between the grains under the effect of adiabatic shear instability. The two-dimensional morphology of the grinding mark of the CuNiIn coating after the fretting wear test is shown in FIG. 8, and FIG. 8 (a) and FIG. 8 (c) are the two-dimensional morphology of the CuNiIn coating at two different positions under the condition of 100 mu m displacement; FIGS. 8 (b) and 8 (d) are wear profiles of two different positions of the CuNiIn coating under the condition of 400 μm displacement. The abrasion morphology under the displacement condition of 100 mu m is elliptical, and is not greatly different along the inching direction compared with the abrasion morphology under the displacement condition of 400 mu m, but is perpendicular to the inching direction, the damage area of the coating under the displacement condition of 400 mu m is obviously enlarged, the abrasion morphology is close to a circle, and the material flow in the abrasion process of the coating under the displacement is relatively sufficient. The CuNiIn coating has good fretting wear resistance no matter the displacement is 100 mu m or 400 mu m.
Example 5:
based on any one of the embodiment 1 to the embodiment 3, TC4 aluminum alloy is selected as a base material, and CuNiIn is selected as powder to be sprayed. Wherein the powder material is Cu36Ni5In, is spherical and has a particle size ranging from 5 mu m to 45 mu m. The specific process of the preparation method is as follows.
1. And (3) carrying out emery sand blasting treatment on the surface of the titanium alloy to remove the surface oxide film.
2. Technological parameters of the CuNiIn coating preparation method are as follows: nitrogen is used as working gas; the powder feeding air pressure is 4.2MPa, the heating air pressure is 4.0MPa, the heating temperature is 700 ℃, and the output power is 20Kw.
3. The coating porosity was tested to be about 1.4%; the bonding strength is 41MPa; peeling does not occur between the inward bending 90 degrees and the outward bending 90 degrees of the coating; the abrasion rate of the coating is 1.51 multiplied by 10 through the test result of a ball/plane contact type fretting abrasion tester -2 μm 3 /(N·μm)。
Example 6:
based on any one of the embodiment 1 to the embodiment 3, TC4 aluminum alloy is selected as a base material, and CuNiIn is selected as powder to be sprayed. Wherein the powder material is Cu36Ni5In, is spherical and has a particle size ranging from 5 mu m to 45 mu m. The specific process of the preparation method is as follows.
1. And (3) carrying out emery sand blasting treatment on the surface of the titanium alloy to remove the surface oxide film.
2. Technological parameters of the CuNiIn coating preparation method are as follows: helium is used as working gas; the powder feeding air pressure is 4.2MPa, the heating air pressure is 4.0MPa, the heating temperature is 700 ℃, and the output power is 30Kw.
3. The porosity of the coating is lower than 0.05% through testing; the bonding strength is more than 75MPa; the coating is bent inward by 90 degrees and bent outward by 90 degreesStripping at present; the abrasion rate of the coating is 1.41 multiplied by 10 through the test result of a ball/plane contact type fretting abrasion tester -2 μm 3 /(N·μm)。
Example 7:
based on any one of the embodiment 1 to the embodiment 3, TC4 aluminum alloy is selected as a base material, and CuNiIn is selected as powder to be sprayed. Wherein the powder material is Cu36Ni5In, is spherical and has a particle size ranging from 5 mu m to 45 mu m. The specific process of the preparation method is as follows.
1. And (3) carrying out emery sand blasting treatment on the surface of the titanium alloy to remove the surface oxide film.
2. Technological parameters of the CuNiIn coating preparation method are as follows: helium is used as working gas; the powder feeding air pressure is 2.2MPa, the heating air pressure is 2.0MPa, the heating temperature is 700 ℃, and the output power is 40Kw.
3. The porosity of the coating is lower than 0.4% through testing; the bonding strength is more than 75MPa; peeling does not occur between the inward bending 90 degrees and the outward bending 90 degrees of the coating; the abrasion rate of the coating is 1.87 multiplied by 10 through the test result of a ball/plane contact type fretting abrasion tester -2 μm 3 /(N·μm)。
Example 8:
based on any one of the embodiment 1 to the embodiment 3, TC4 aluminum alloy is selected as a base material, and CuNiIn is selected as powder to be sprayed. Wherein the powder material is Cu36Ni5In, is spherical and has a particle size ranging from 5 mu m to 45 mu m. The specific process of the preparation method is as follows.
1. And (3) carrying out emery sand blasting treatment on the surface of the titanium alloy to remove the surface oxide film.
2. Technological parameters of the CuNiIn coating preparation method are as follows: helium is used as working gas; the powder feeding air pressure is 4.2MPa, the heating air pressure is 4.0MPa, the heating temperature is 500 ℃, and the output power is 40Kw.
3. The porosity of the coating is lower than 0.5% through testing; the bonding strength is more than 75MPa; peeling does not occur between the inward bending 90 degrees and the outward bending 90 degrees of the coating; the abrasion rate of the coating is 1.80 multiplied by 10 through the test result of a ball/plane contact type fretting abrasion tester -2 μm 3 /(N·μm)。
Example 9:
the embodiment provides a system for strengthening and molding a wear-resistant protective coating on the surface of a titanium alloy, which comprises a spray gun and an electromagnetic induction coil 8 arranged at the rear end of the spray gun.
In another embodiment, the lance employs a Laval nozzle 5; the nozzle outlet of the Laval nozzle 5 is of a rectangular structure.
It should be noted that the cross-sectional profile of the single pass deposit obtained by the circular outlet exhibits a gaussian profile as shown in fig. 4, and as the subsequent particles continue to deposit, they will strike the inclined side of the deposit at an angle, which further reduces the efficiency of the particle performance and makes the inclined side steeper. The cross-sectional profile of the single pass deposit taken at the rectangular outlet in this embodiment is plateau shaped with an inclined area ratio of less than 1/3, as shown in fig. 5, with a larger effective spray area and more uniform coating deposition. The rectangular design of the nozzle outlet in this embodiment is a further optimization of the cold spray and electromagnetic induction heating process.
Further, the Laval nozzle 5 is provided with a throat, a convergent section, an divergent section, and a nozzle outlet in the fluid flow direction.
The Laval nozzle 5 used in example 4-example 8 had a throat diameter of 2mm, a throat outlet diameter of 6mm, a convergent section length of 30mm, and an divergent section length of 210mm, and as shown in fig. 10, the entire nozzle outlet was purposely designed as a rectangular structure of 4mm×6 mm. The rectangular design of the nozzle outlet can obtain trapezoid coating stack height, different from thermal spraying conical stack height, coatings with different deposition widths can be obtained by adjusting the size of the nozzle outlet, and a deposition coating with better surface roughness can be obtained by matching with a spraying path.
In another embodiment, the electromagnetic induction coil 8 adopts a ring winding method, the coil diameter is 10mm, the number of turns is 2-4, and different heating effects can be obtained by adjusting the coil diameter and the number of turns. The central axis of the electromagnetic induction coil 8 is in the same straight line with the central line of the Laval nozzle 5, and particles directly enter the electromagnetic induction coil 8 after leaving the nozzle.
Therefore, as shown in fig. 11, the compressed gas storage tank 1 for supplying high-speed gas is provided with an a pipeline and a B pipeline, the two pipelines are output and connected to the spray gun, the a pipeline is provided with a preheating air valve 6, and the B pipeline is provided with a powder feeding air valve 2. The pipeline A and the pipeline B enter the spray gun and then are communicated with the premixing chamber 4 through the preheating device 7, the pipeline B is communicated with the premixing chamber 4 through the powder feeding device 3, and the premixing chamber 4, the Laval nozzle 5 and the electromagnetic induction coil 8 are sequentially arranged.
The electromagnetic induction coil 8 in this embodiment represents an electromagnetic induction heating device. In the system, a powder feeding air valve 2, a powder feeding device 3, a preheating air valve 6, a preheating device 7 and an electromagnetic induction coil 8 are all connected with a control assembly and are uniformly controlled by the control assembly. The control component is adaptively configured according to the preparation method of the invention based on the prior art of similar products, and the improvement point of the invention is not described herein, so that the description is omitted.
The foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and any simple modification and equivalent variation of the above embodiment according to the technical matter of the present invention falls within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. A preparation method of a titanium alloy surface strong plastic wear-resistant protective coating is characterized by comprising the following steps: combining a cold spraying process and an electromagnetic induction heating process, mixing powder to be sprayed by high-speed gas to form solid high-speed particles, and heating the solid high-speed particles in a non-contact manner by electromagnetic induction to form high-speed high-temperature particles; and then, the high-speed high-temperature particles impact the substrate, and a coating is deposited on the surface of the matrix to form the coating.
2. The method for preparing the titanium alloy surface strong plastic wear-resistant protective coating according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the preparation method, a path A high-pressure air flow is sent into a spray gun after being preheated by a preheating device (7), a path B high-pressure air flow is sent into the spray gun by a powder feeding device (3) to feed powder raw materials to be sprayed into the spray gun, two paths of air flows are converged and accelerated by a Laval nozzle (5), powder particles pass through an electromagnetic induction coil (8) as solid high-speed particles at a high speed to be heated for the second time to form the high-speed high-temperature particles, the high-speed high-temperature particles impact a substrate to generate large plastic deformation, and the particles are flattened and deposited on the surface of a substrate to form a coating.
3. The method for preparing the titanium alloy surface strong plastic wear-resistant protective coating according to claim 2, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the operation of converging and accelerating the two air flows at the Laval nozzle (5) is as follows: firstly, a preheating device (7) and a preheating air valve (6) of the A path are opened, after the A path of air is heated to meet the deposition temperature of powder to be sprayed, a powder feeding device (3) and a powder feeding air valve (2) of the B path are opened, and then the heated air input by the A path and the powder to be sprayed brought by the B path through the air are mixed in a premixing chamber (4) of a spray gun and then are pressed into a Laval nozzle (5) to be fully mixed and accelerated.
4. The method for preparing the titanium alloy surface strong plastic wear-resistant protective coating according to claim 2, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the nozzle outlet of the Laval nozzle (5) is of a rectangular structure; coatings of different deposition widths are obtained by adjusting the size of the nozzle outlet.
5. The method for preparing the titanium alloy surface strong plastic wear-resistant protective coating according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the powder to be sprayed is CuNiIn copper base alloy powder.
6. The method for preparing the titanium alloy surface strong plastic wear-resistant protective coating according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which is characterized in that: the preparation method comprises the following steps:
step S1: according to the type of the coating material, a Laval nozzle (5) and an electromagnetic induction coil (8) are configured;
step S2: performing sand blasting treatment on the surface of the titanium alloy, removing a surface oxide film, and activating the surface;
step S3: firstly, opening a preheating device (7) and a preheating air valve (6) of the path A, opening a powder feeding device (3) and a powder feeding air valve (2) of the path B after the path A gas is heated to meet the deposition temperature of powder to be sprayed, and then, after the heated gas input by the path A and the powder to be sprayed brought by the path B through the gas are mixed in a premixing chamber (4) of a spray gun, pressing the mixed powder into a Laval nozzle (5) for full mixing and accelerating to form solid high-speed particles; then the solid high-speed particles pass through an electromagnetic induction coil (8) with certain current under a supersonic state to form high-temperature high-speed particles; the high-temperature and high-speed particles strike the surface of the matrix to deposit and form a coating.
7. The method for preparing the titanium alloy surface strong plastic wear-resistant protective coating according to claim 6, which is characterized in that: and in the step S3, controlling the air pressure of the gas in the path B to be larger than the air pressure of the gas in the path A.
8. The method for preparing the titanium alloy surface strong plastic wear-resistant protective coating according to claim 6, which is characterized in that: in the step S3, the output power of the electromagnetic induction coil (8) is controlled to be 10 Kw-40 Kw.
9. The method for preparing the titanium alloy surface strong plastic wear-resistant protective coating according to claim 6, which is characterized in that: in the step S2, emery or quartz sand is used for the sand blasting.
10. A system of a strong plastic wear resistant protective coating for a titanium alloy surface for carrying out the method of any one of claims 1-9; the method is characterized in that: the system comprises a spray gun and an electromagnetic induction coil (8) arranged at the rear end of the spray gun.
11. The system for strengthening and wear-resistant protective coating on a titanium alloy surface according to claim 10, wherein: the spray gun adopts a Laval nozzle (5); the nozzle outlet of the Laval nozzle (5) is of a rectangular structure.
12. The system for strengthening and wear-resistant protective coating on a titanium alloy surface according to claim 10, wherein: the Laval nozzle (5) is provided with a throat part, a contraction section, an expansion section and a nozzle outlet according to the flow direction of the fluid.
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