CN117324635A - Preparation method for realizing simultaneous preparation of metal and nonmetal based on 3D technology - Google Patents
Preparation method for realizing simultaneous preparation of metal and nonmetal based on 3D technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN117324635A CN117324635A CN202311308156.1A CN202311308156A CN117324635A CN 117324635 A CN117324635 A CN 117324635A CN 202311308156 A CN202311308156 A CN 202311308156A CN 117324635 A CN117324635 A CN 117324635A
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013007 heat curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002843 nonmetals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/22—Direct deposition of molten metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of 3D printing, and particularly discloses a preparation method for realizing simultaneous metal-nonmetal preparation based on a 3D technology, which comprises the following steps: 3D printing a nonmetallic plate with a mortise structure by nonmetallic materials, wherein the mortise structure on the surface of the nonmetallic plate is embedded with the tenon structure of the metallic plate; spraying a heat absorption layer on the surface of the non-metal plate, wherein the heat absorption layer can absorb heat of the metal liquid drops and promote cooling and solidification of the metal liquid drops; extruding metal liquid drops from a spray head, dripping the metal liquid drops onto a heat absorption layer of a non-metal plate, and filling mortise structures of the non-metal plate to form tenon structures, wherein the tenon structures are embedded with the mortise structures of the non-metal plate; printing a non-metal plate with a mortise structure on the upper surface of the metal plate, repeating the steps S2 and S3, forming another mortise structure on the bottom surface of the non-metal plate by using metal liquid drops, and embedding the mortise structure with the mortise structure of the metal plate so as to realize the connection of the non-metal plate and the metal plate; the step S4 is repeated until the desired thickness or shape is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of 3D printing, in particular to a preparation method for realizing simultaneous preparation of metal and nonmetal based on a 3D technology.
Background
The 3D printing technology (also called additive manufacturing) is an emerging manufacturing technology for manufacturing solid objects by stacking materials layer by layer based on a digital 3D model, and has profound effects on the traditional process flow, production line, factory mode and industrial chain combination, and is a representative subversion technology in the manufacturing industry.
Current 3D printing techniques are limited by a single material: most 3D printing techniques at present can only print with one or a few materials, but cannot meet the manufacturing of complex structures with different functional or performance requirements. Difficulty of multiple materials: even though some 3D printing techniques may print using a variety of materials, it is very difficult to achieve good connections and interfaces between different materials, especially for metals and non-metals that have different physical properties such as coefficient of thermal expansion, melting point, strength, etc. Problems of printing efficiency and quality: because operations such as temperature control, speed adjustment, precision calibration and the like are required to be performed among different materials, the process of multi-material 3D printing is more complex and time-consuming than single-material 3D printing, and defects such as cracks, deformation, delamination and the like are easy to occur.
In summary, how to realize 3D printing of multiple materials, especially metal-nonmetal multiple material 3D printing is a technical problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method for realizing simultaneous preparation of metal and nonmetal based on a 3D technology, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a preparation method for realizing simultaneous preparation of metal and nonmetal based on a 3D technology comprises the following steps:
s1: 3D printing a nonmetallic plate with a mortise structure by nonmetallic materials, wherein the mortise structure on the surface of the nonmetallic plate is embedded with the tenon structure of the metallic plate;
s2: spraying a heat absorption layer on the surface of the non-metal plate, wherein the heat absorption layer can absorb heat of the metal liquid drops and promote cooling and solidification of the metal liquid drops;
s3: extruding metal liquid drops from a spray head, dripping the metal liquid drops onto the surface of the heat absorption layer of the non-metal plate, and filling the mortise structure of the non-metal plate to form a tenon structure, wherein the tenon structure is embedded with the mortise structure of the non-metal plate;
s4: printing a non-metal plate with a mortise structure on the upper surface of the metal plate, repeating the steps S2 and S3, forming another mortise structure on the bottom surface of the non-metal plate by utilizing metal liquid drops, and embedding the mortise structure with the mortise structure of the metal plate so as to realize the connection of the non-metal plate and the metal plate;
s5: the step S4 is repeated until the desired thickness or shape is achieved.
Preferably, the nonmetallic material is selected from one or more of polymer, ceramic and glass.
Preferably, the heat absorbing layer is selected from one or more of water, oil, latex, gel and polymer.
Preferably, the metal droplets are selected from, and are not limited to, one or an alloy of aluminum, copper, steel, nickel, tin, silver, and gold.
Preferably, the diameter of the metal liquid drop is 0.1mm-10mm.
Preferably, the thickness of the nonmetallic plate is 0.5mm-50mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention realizes 3D printing of metal and nonmetal multi-materials, expands the material selection range of 3D printing, and meets the manufacturing of complex structures with different functional or performance requirements. The complementary advantages of metal and nonmetal are utilized, and the mechanical property, heat resistance, corrosion resistance, conductivity and the like of the printed part are improved. For example, the invention can manufacture a metal-nonmetal composite structure with the characteristics of high strength, high heat resistance, high conductivity and the like, and can be applied to the fields of aerospace, automobiles, electronics and the like.
2. The invention utilizes the nested structure and the heat absorption layer to realize firm connection and smooth interface between different materials, and avoids the defects of cracks, deformation, delamination and the like caused by the physical characteristic differences of thermal expansion coefficient, melting point, strength and the like. Structural performance may also be improved by different nested structural designs as desired. For example, the invention can form mechanical locking by utilizing the mortise and tenon structures, thereby increasing the connection strength; meanwhile, the temperature difference can be regulated by utilizing the heat absorption layer, so that the stress concentration is reduced, and the interface smoothness is improved.
3. The invention can improve the efficiency and quality of 3D printing, reduce the operations of temperature control, speed adjustment, precision calibration and the like in the 3D printing process, and simultaneously reduce the links of post-processing, detection and the like after 3D printing.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a metal-nonmetal nested structure in a preparation method for realizing simultaneous metal-nonmetal preparation based on a 3D technology;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a metal-nonmetal nested structure in a preparation method for realizing simultaneous metal-nonmetal preparation based on a 3D technology;
in the figure: 1. a non-metal plate; 2. mortise structure; 3. a heat absorbing layer; 4. a tenon structure; 5. a metal plate.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1-2, the present invention provides a technical solution: a preparation method for realizing simultaneous preparation of metal and nonmetal based on a 3D technology comprises the following steps:
s1: firstly, a nonmetallic plate 1 with a mortise structure 2 is printed by nonmetallic materials in a 3D mode, and the mortise structure 2 on the surface of the nonmetallic plate 1 is embedded with a tenon structure 4 of a metallic plate 5; the nonmetallic material can be one or a plurality of combinations of polymer, ceramic and glass;
the selected nonmetallic material has the characteristics of good heat resistance, corrosion resistance, insulativity and the like, the mortise structure 2 can be grooves or holes with any shape, such as a round shape, a square shape, a triangle shape, a hexagon shape and the like, the size and the interval of the mortise structure can be designed according to the needs, the thickness of the nonmetallic plate 1 is 0.5mm-50mm, and the surface of the nonmetallic plate can be smooth or has certain roughness;
s2: a heat absorption layer 3 is sprayed on the surface of the non-metal plate 1, the heat absorption layer 3 can absorb heat of metal liquid drops and promote cooling and solidification of the metal liquid drops, the heat absorption layer 3 can be one or a plurality of combinations of water, oil, latex, gel and polymer, and the heat absorption layer 3 has the characteristics of good heat conductivity, cooling performance, adhesiveness and the like; the heat absorbing layer 3 can be in a vaporization layer or a heat curing form, the thickness of the heat absorbing layer 3 is 0.1mm-10mm, and the coverage area of the heat absorbing layer is the same as or slightly smaller than the surface of the non-metal plate 1;
s3: extruding metal liquid drops from a nozzle, dripping the metal liquid drops onto the surface of the heat absorption layer 3 of the non-metal plate 1, filling the mortise structure 2 of the non-metal plate 1 to form a tenon structure 4, and embedding the tenon structure 4 with the mortise structure 2 of the non-metal plate 1 to realize connection between the metal plate 5 and the non-metal plate 1;
the metal liquid drops are selected from one or alloy of aluminum, copper, steel, nickel, tin, silver and gold, and have the characteristics of good mechanical property, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and the like; the diameter of the metal liquid drops is 0.1mm-10mm, the number and the positions of the metal liquid drops can be matched and aligned according to the mortise structure 2 of the non-metal plate 1, when the metal liquid drops are dripped on the heat absorption layer 3, the heat absorption layer 3 melts and absorbs heat, so that the metal liquid drops are rapidly cooled and solidified, and a firm embedded relation is formed between the mortise structure 2 of the non-metal plate 1;
s4: printing a non-metal plate 1 with a mortise structure 2 on the upper surface of a metal plate 5, repeating the steps S2 and S3, forming another tenon structure 4 on the bottom surface of the non-metal plate 1 by utilizing metal liquid drops, and embedding the tenon structure 4 with the mortise structure 2 of the metal plate 5 so as to realize the connection of the non-metal plate 1 and the metal plate 5;
the non-metal plate 1 and the heat absorbing layer 3 may be the same or different from the steps used in the step S1 and the step S2, and the mortise structure 2 of the non-metal plate 1 may be the same or different from the direction in the step S1, but must be matched or consistent with the tenon structure 4 of the metal plate 5;
s5: repeating the step S4 until the required thickness or shape is achieved; by means of the layer-by-layer nested printing, 3D printing of metal and nonmetal multi-materials can be achieved, and connection strength and interface smoothness between different materials are guaranteed.
Examples:
the invention discloses a preparation method for realizing simultaneous preparation of metal and nonmetal based on a 3D technology, which comprises the following steps:
s1: using polylactic acid (PLA) as nonmetallic material, a nonmetallic plate 1 with a dovetail mortise structure 2 is printed using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technology, and the mortise structure 2 may be engaged with a mortise structure 4 of a metallic plate 5. The thickness of the nonmetal plate 1 is 1.5mm, and the distance between the mortise structures 2 is 1mm;
s2: a Polyimide (PI) heat sink layer 3 of 0.1mm thickness was sprayed on the upper surface of the non-metal plate using air spraying. The heat absorbing layer 3 can absorb heat generated by the metal plate 5 during 3D printing and promote cooling and solidification thereof. The thickness of the heat absorbing layer 3 can be selected by software according to the metal temperature, the dripping position and the dripping speed. As shown in fig. 2, the coverage area is the same as the surface of the non-metal plate 1;
s3: using an aluminum alloy as the metal material, the metal droplet 4 diameter was 0.1mm using a direct metal deposition modeling (DED) technique. The metal liquid drops 4 are extruded by a nozzle, trace control is carried out under the action of an external environment electric field or a magnetic field, and the metal liquid drops are dripped on the heat absorption layer 3 to fill the mortise structure 2. Due to the heat absorption effect of the heat absorption layer 3, the metal liquid drops 4 are rapidly cooled and solidified to form a tenon structure 4 on the lower bottom surface of the metal plate 5 and form a jogged relation with the mortise structure 2 of the non-metal plate;
s4: printing a non-metal plate 1 with a tenon structure 4 on the lower surface and a mortise structure 2 on the upper surface of the metal plate 5, repeating the step S2 and the step S3, forming another dovetail structure 4 on the bottom surface of the non-metal plate 1 by utilizing metal liquid drops, and embedding the dovetail structure 4 with the mortise structure 2 of the metal plate 5, thereby realizing the connection of the non-metal plate 1 and the metal plate 5. The materials and parameters of the nonmetallic plates 1, PI, al, etc. are the same as those used in the S1, S2, and S3 steps. The connection between the non-metal plate 1 and the metal plate 5 is shown in fig. 1;
s5: step 4 is repeated until the desired thickness or shape is reached. By means of the layer-by-layer nested printing, 3D printing of metal and nonmetal multi-materials can be achieved, and connection strength and interface smoothness between different materials are guaranteed. As shown in fig. 1, a composite structure is shown consisting of 1 non-metal sheet 1 and 1 metal sheet 5.
It is noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation. The term "comprising" an element defined by the term "comprising" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article or apparatus that comprises the element.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. A preparation method for realizing simultaneous preparation of metal and nonmetal based on a 3D technology is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: 3D printing a nonmetallic plate (1) with a mortise structure (2) by nonmetallic materials, wherein the mortise structure (2) on the surface of the nonmetallic plate (1) is embedded with a tenon structure (4) of a metallic plate (5);
s2: spraying a heat absorption layer (3) on the surface of the non-metal plate (1), wherein the heat absorption layer (3) can absorb heat of metal liquid drops and promote cooling and solidification of the metal liquid drops;
s3: extruding metal liquid drops from a nozzle, dripping the metal liquid drops onto the surface of a heat absorption layer (3) of a non-metal plate (1), and filling mortise structures (2) of the non-metal plate (1) to form tenon structures (4), wherein the tenon structures (4) are embedded with the mortise structures (2) of the non-metal plate (1);
s4: printing a non-metal plate (1) with a mortise structure (2) on the upper surface of a metal plate (5), repeating the steps S2 and S3, forming another tenon structure (4) on the bottom surface of the non-metal plate (1) by utilizing metal liquid drops, and embedding the tenon structure (4) with the mortise structure (2) of the metal plate (5), thereby realizing the connection of the non-metal plate (1) and the metal plate (5);
s5: the step S4 is repeated until the desired thickness or shape is achieved.
2. The preparation method for realizing simultaneous metal-nonmetal preparation based on 3D technology according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the nonmetallic material may be selected from one or more of a polymer, a ceramic, and a glass.
3. The preparation method for realizing simultaneous metal-nonmetal preparation based on 3D technology according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the heat absorbing layer (3) can be selected from one or more of water, oil, latex, gel and polymer.
4. The preparation method for realizing simultaneous metal-nonmetal preparation based on 3D technology according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the metal droplets may be selected from, and are not limited to, one or an alloy of aluminum, copper, steel, nickel, tin, silver, and gold.
5. The preparation method for realizing simultaneous metal-nonmetal preparation based on 3D technology according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the diameter of the metal liquid drop is 0.1mm-10mm.
6. The preparation method for realizing simultaneous metal-nonmetal preparation based on 3D technology according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the thickness of the nonmetal plate (1) is 0.5mm-50mm.
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