CN117309783A - Seawater diffusion attenuation coefficient, true light layer depth and transparency measuring method - Google Patents
Seawater diffusion attenuation coefficient, true light layer depth and transparency measuring method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a seawater diffusion attenuation coefficient, a real-light layer depth and transparency measuring method, which comprises the steps of obtaining seawater irradiance radiance hyperspectral profile distribution and corresponding profile depth synchronous measurement data; according to the definition of the diffusion attenuation coefficient, calculating the profile distribution of the diffusion attenuation coefficient of different wave bands by utilizing the obtained hyperspectral profile distribution of the irradiance and the corresponding profile depth of the seawater; calculating the depth of the real light layer according to the correlation between the depth of the real light layer and the diffusion attenuation coefficient of the specific wavelength by using the obtained profile distribution of the diffusion attenuation coefficient of different wave bands; and calculating the seawater transparency according to the correlation between the depth of the euoptical layer and the seawater transparency by using the obtained depth of the euoptical layer. The invention provides a irradiance radiance low-cost profile measurement technology based on radiation transmission and diffusion attenuation coefficients, a true light layer depth principle and a mathematical calculation formula.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ocean optics observation, in particular to a method for measuring seawater diffusion attenuation coefficient, true light layer depth and transparency.
Background
The seawater optical characteristic parameters such as diffusion attenuation coefficient, depth of a eulight layer, seawater transparency and the like are important basic parameters for researching underwater light field distribution, clear seawater transparency and depth of a eulight layer, are important supporting information for research on photosynthesis of phytoplankton and circulation of marine biochemistry and evaluation of marine carbon storage capacity, and can provide scientific data support for construction of a marine defense system, application and development of the military and civil fusion fields such as underwater photovoltaic power generation, early warning of ocean ecological disasters such as red tides and the like. Currently, the key optical characteristic parameters such as seawater diffusion attenuation coefficient, seawater transparency and the like are obtained by inversion of an empirical algorithm based on water color remote sensing reflectivity, and for offshore water body application, the water body components are various, the regional aerosol composition is complex, so that the water body atmosphere correction method is frequently disabled, and the problems cause low accuracy of the empirical algorithm and poor sea area adaptability.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides a irradiance low-cost profile measurement technology based on radiation transmission and diffusion attenuation coefficients, a true light depth principle and a mathematical calculation formula, is used for irradiance and irradiance synchronous profile measurement of different water bodies, and provides a sea water diffusion attenuation coefficient, a true light depth and a transparency measurement method with good sea water body adaptability based on actual irradiance, so that the cost is reduced and the measurement precision is improved.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for measuring seawater diffusion attenuation coefficient, true depth of layer and transparency, the method comprising:
acquiring hyperspectral profile distribution of irradiance and irradiance of seawater and corresponding profile depth synchronous measurement data;
according to the definition of the diffusion attenuation coefficient, calculating the profile distribution of the diffusion attenuation coefficient of different wave bands by utilizing the obtained hyperspectral profile distribution of the irradiance and the corresponding profile depth of the seawater;
calculating the depth of the real light layer according to the correlation between the depth of the real light layer and the diffusion attenuation coefficient of the specific wavelength by using the obtained profile distribution of the diffusion attenuation coefficient of different wave bands;
and calculating the seawater transparency according to the correlation between the depth of the euoptical layer and the seawater transparency by using the obtained depth of the euoptical layer.
Further, the calculating the profile distribution of the diffusion attenuation coefficient of different wave bands by using the obtained hyperspectral profile distribution of the irradiance and the corresponding profile depth of the seawater comprises the following steps:
performing profile distribution calculation of irradiance diffusion attenuation coefficients according to the formula (1):
in the formula (1), z 1 And z 2 Two similar profile depths;diffusion attenuation coefficient, E, for downstream irradiance d Is the downlink irradiance;
performing profile distribution calculation of the radiance diffusion attenuation coefficient according to the formula (2):
in the formula (2), z 1 And z 2 Two similar profile depths;a diffusion attenuation coefficient L for the upward radiance u Is the upstream radiance.
Further, the depth Z of the true light layer is calculated according to the formulas (3) - (5) eu ：
K PAR ＝M PAR *K d (490) (4)
In the formula (3), Z eu Depth of true light layer, K PAR (Z eu ) The diffusion attenuation coefficient of light and effective radiation corresponding to the depth of a true light layer;
in the formulas (4) - (5), M PAR Is an empirical constant, K d (490) Diffusion attenuation coefficient, K, for downstream irradiance at 490nm PAR Diffusion attenuation coefficient, K, for photosynthetically active radiation d,10％ (490) For a downlink irradiance E at 490nm d (z, 490) the diffuse attenuation coefficient of the downstream irradiance when the attenuation is 10% of the surface layer.
Further, the transparency Z of the seawater is calculated according to the formula (6) SD ：
Z SD ＝kZ eu (6)
Further, the synchronous measurement data of the hyperspectral profile distribution of the irradiance of the seawater and the corresponding profile depth are obtained through a hyperspectral water irradiance profile measuring instrument;
the hyperspectral water irradiance profile measuring instrument comprises irradiance detection sensors, a free falling body sinking control function module, a depth sensor, a non-contact power supply control switch, a profile throwing rope fastener and a fixing ring thereof;
the irradiance radiance detection sensor is a cylinder and comprises three parts, wherein an upper cylinder is an irradiance sensitization probe, a lower cylinder is a radiance sensitization probe, and a middle cylinder is a photoelectric conversion and data acquisition control unit;
the depth sensor and the non-contact power supply control switch are mounted on the end face of the middle cylinder in a watertight manner;
the free falling body sinking control functional module comprises a counterweight hammer for controlling the free falling body process and a floating body for controlling the verticality of the irradiance radiance sensor in the free falling body process; the counterweight hammer is designed into a cylinder with a hollow diameter slightly larger than that of the irradiance sensitive probe, and is mechanically fastened with the irradiance sensor by penetrating through the irradiance sensitive probe; the floating body is hollow, the hollow diameter is slightly larger than the outer diameter of a middle cylinder of the irradiance sensor, and the floating body passes through the middle cylinder and is pressed and fixed by a section throwing rope fastener and a fixing ring thereof; the section throwing rope fastener and the fixing ring thereof are mechanically locked at the upper end of the middle cylinder.
Further, the diameters of the upper cylinder and the lower cylinder are smaller than the diameter of the middle cylinder; the upper end face and the lower end face of the middle cylinder are hollow, the bottom end face of the upper cylinder is hollow, an irradiance photosensitive glass window with a built-in cosine collector is arranged on the top end face, the top end of the lower cylinder is hollow, and a radiance photosensitive glass window is arranged on the bottom end; the hollow bottom end surface of the upper cylinder is locked with the hollow upper end surface of the middle cylinder in a watertight manner, and the hollow top end surface of the lower cylinder is locked with the hollow lower section of the middle cylinder in a watertight manner.
Further, the floating body is made of light polymer, and the floating body is in a hollow circular bench type structure.
Further, the hyperspectral water irradiance radiance profile measuring instrument is internally provided with a rechargeable battery and an information storage module, and is used for underwater work as self-contained type.
Further, the photoelectric conversion unit comprises an irradiance hyperspectral measurement module and a radiance hyperspectral measurement module; the irradiance hyperspectral measurement module and the irradiance hyperspectral measurement module can be used for rapidly and adaptively adjusting integration according to light intensity, the shortest measurement is us-level, the longest measurement is not more than 1s, and the irradiance measurement process is controlled by the data acquisition control unit and self-contained storage is realized.
When the hyperspectral water irradiance profile measuring instrument is used for measuring the distribution of the hyperspectral profile of the seawater irradiance and the corresponding profile depth, the profile throwing rope is tied on the tie-down through the profile throwing rope tie-down and the fixing ring thereof, then the non-contact switch is used for starting the power supply of the water irradiance profile measuring instrument, the water irradiance profile measuring instrument is put into water through the throwing rope after the power supply is successful, the water irradiance profile measuring instrument starts profile free-falling body sinking under the control of the free-falling body sinking control function module, the profile measurement is carried out on the irradiance of the water based on the irradiance hyperspectral measuring module and the irradiance hyperspectral measuring module in the sinking process, and the self-contained storage is carried out on the irradiance and the profile depth of the water.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention starts from the radiation transmission and diffusion attenuation coefficient and the depth of a euoptical layer and a mathematical calculation formula, provides a low-cost irradiance radiance profile measurement technology suitable for different water bodies, can perform in-situ profile measurement on irradiance radiance of the water bodies, and simultaneously provides a sea water diffusion attenuation coefficient, euoptical layer depth and transparency measurement method based on in-situ actual measurement irradiance radiance data, thereby improving the measurement precision and generalizing the sea area adaptability of the method. The problems of low accuracy and poor sea area adaptability of an empirical algorithm are avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for measuring seawater diffusion attenuation coefficient, depth of a true light layer and transparency according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a hyperspectral water irradiance profile meter;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a hyperspectral water irradiance profile meter;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the weight;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a floating body;
in the figure: 1. an upper cylinder; 2. a lower cylinder; 3. a middle cylinder; 4. irradiance sensitive glass window; 5. a radiance sensitive glass window; 6. a depth sensor; 7. a non-contact power supply control switch; 8. a counter weight; 9. a floating body; 10. section throwing rope fastener and fixing ring thereof; 11. a battery; 12. a spectrometer;
Detailed Description
Examples:
the technical scheme of the invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Referring to fig. 1, the method for measuring the diffusion attenuation coefficient, the depth of a true light layer and the transparency of seawater according to the embodiment mainly comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring hyperspectral profile distribution of irradiance of seawater and corresponding profile depth synchronous measurement data;
s2, calculating the profile distribution of the diffusion attenuation coefficients of different wave bands by using the obtained hyperspectral profile distribution of the irradiance and the corresponding profile depth of the seawater irradiance according to the definition of the diffusion attenuation coefficients;
s3, calculating the depth of the real light layer according to the correlation between the depth of the real light layer and the diffusion attenuation coefficient of the specific wavelength by using the obtained profile distribution of the diffusion attenuation coefficient of different wave bands;
and S4, calculating the seawater transparency according to the correlation between the depth of the euoptical layer and the seawater transparency by using the obtained depth of the euoptical layer.
Therefore, the method starts from the radiation transmission and diffusion attenuation coefficient and the depth principle of a true light layer and a mathematical calculation formula, provides a low-cost irradiance irradiation brightness profile measurement technology suitable for different water bodies, can perform in-situ profile measurement on irradiance irradiation brightness of the water bodies, and simultaneously provides a sea water diffusion attenuation coefficient, the depth of the true light layer and a transparency measurement method based on in-situ actual measurement irradiance irradiation brightness data, thereby improving the measurement precision and generalizing the sea area adaptability of the method. The problems of low accuracy and poor sea area adaptability of an empirical algorithm are avoided.
In a specific embodiment, in step S1, the synchronous measurement data of the hyperspectral profile distribution of the irradiance of the seawater and the corresponding profile depth are obtained by measuring the hyperspectral irradiance profile measuring instrument of the irradiance of the water, and as shown in fig. 2-3, the hyperspectral irradiance profile measuring instrument of the irradiance of the water comprises an irradiance detection sensor, a free fall sinking control function module, a depth sensor 6, a non-contact power supply control switch 7, a profile throwing rope fastener and a fixing ring 10 thereof.
The irradiance radiance detection sensor has a watertight structure consisting of three cylinders with different diameters, namely an upper cylinder, a middle cylinder and a lower cylinder. The upper cylinder 1 is an irradiance sensitive probe, the lower cylinder 2 is a radiance sensitive probe, the middle cylinder 3 is a photoelectric conversion and data acquisition control unit, and the upper cylinder, the middle cylinder and the lower cylinder are mechanically locked in a watertight manner; preferably, to avoid the influence of the sensor body self-shadowing effect on irradiance measurement, the diameter of the upper cylinder 1 and the lower cylinder 2 is much smaller than the diameter of the middle cylinder 3. The upper end face and the lower end face of the middle cylinder 3 are hollow, the bottom end face of the upper cylinder 1 is hollow, the irradiance photosensitive glass window 4 with a built-in cosine collector is arranged on the top end face, the bottom end of the lower cylinder 2 is hollow, and the irradiance photosensitive glass window 5 is arranged on the bottom end. The hollow bottom end surface of the upper cylinder 1 is locked with the hollow upper end surface of the middle cylinder 3 in a watertight manner, and the hollow top end surface of the lower cylinder 2 is locked with the hollow lower section of the middle cylinder 3 in a watertight manner.
The depth sensor 6 and the non-contact power supply control switch 7 are mounted on the end face of the middle cylinder in a watertight manner; the free falling body sinking control function module comprises a counterweight hammer 8 for controlling the free falling body process and a floating body 9 for controlling the verticality of an irradiance sensor in the free falling body process, wherein the counterweight hammer 8 is designed to be hollow, the hollow diameter of the counterweight hammer is slightly larger than that of a cylinder of the irradiance light sensitive probe, and the counterweight hammer is mechanically fastened with the irradiance light sensor through the irradiance light sensitive probe, and preferably, in order to reduce the free falling body resistance, as shown in fig. 4, the bottom of the counterweight hammer 8 is designed to be a hemispherical surface; as shown in fig. 5, the floating body 9 for controlling the verticality of the sensor is made of a light polymer, and in order to ensure the verticality of the irradiance sensor and reduce the free falling resistance of the sensor, preferably, the floating body 9 has a hollow circular-trapezoidal-table-shaped structure, the circular-trapezoidal-table-shaped floating body is hollow, the hollow diameter is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the middle cylinder 3 of the irradiance sensor, and the floating body is tightly pressed and fixed by a section throwing rope fastener and a fixing ring 10 thereof after passing through the middle cylinder 3; the section throwing rope fastener and the fixing ring 10 thereof are mechanically locked at the upper end of the middle cylinder 3.
In addition, the hyperspectral water irradiance profile measuring instrument is internally provided with a rechargeable battery 11 and an information storage module, and the underwater work is self-contained. The photoelectric conversion and data acquisition control unit arranged in the middle cylinder 3 comprises a photoelectric conversion unit and a data acquisition control unit, wherein the photoelectric conversion unit comprises an irradiance hyperspectral measurement module and a radiance hyperspectral measurement module, preferably, the irradiance and radiance hyperspectral measurement module adopts a microminiature optical fiber spectrometer 12, the integral can be quickly and adaptively adjusted according to the light intensity, the shortest measurement is us-level, the longest measurement is not more than 1s, irradiance radiance in different wave bands has good synchronism, and the irradiance radiance measurement process is controlled by the data acquisition control unit and realizes self-contained storage.
In a specific embodiment, when the hyperspectral water body irradiance profile measuring instrument is used for measuring the irradiance hyperspectral profile distribution of the seawater irradiance and the corresponding profile depth thereof, firstly, the profile throwing rope is tied on the tie, and the tie is fixed to the tie, then the non-contact control switch 7 is used for starting the power supply of the water body irradiance profile measuring instrument, after the power supply is successful, the water body irradiance profile measuring instrument is put into water through the tie, under the control of the freefall subsidence control function module, the profile free fall subsidence is started, in the subsidence process, the profile measurement is carried out on the irradiance of the water body based on the irradiance hyperspectral measuring module and the irradiance hyperspectral measuring module, and the self-contained storage is carried out on the irradiance of the water body and the profile depth thereof, so that the irradiance hyperspectral profile distribution of the seawater irradiance and the corresponding profile depth thereof can be obtained, and then the profile calculation of irradiance diffusion coefficient can be carried out according to the formula 1:
in the formula (1), z 1 And z 2 Two similar profile depths;diffusion attenuation coefficient, E, for downstream irradiance d Is the downlink irradiance;
performing profile distribution calculation of the radiance diffusion attenuation coefficient according to the formula (2):
in the formula (2), z 1 And z 2 Two similar profile depths;a diffusion attenuation coefficient L for the upward radiance u Is the upstream radiance.
Thus, after obtaining the diffusion attenuation coefficient of the irradiance of the seawater, the depth Z of the true light layer can be obtained by calculation according to the formulas (3) - (5) eu ：
K PAR ＝M PAR *K d (490) (4)
In the formula (3), Z eu Is the depth of the true light layer,K PAR (Z eu ) The diffusion attenuation coefficient of light and effective radiation corresponding to the depth of a true light layer;
in the formulas (4) - (5), M PAR Is an empirical constant, K d (490) Diffusion attenuation coefficient, K, for downstream irradiance at 490nm PAR Diffusion attenuation coefficient, K, for photosynthetically active radiation d,10％ (490) For a downlink irradiance E at 490nm d (z, 490) the diffuse attenuation coefficient of the downstream irradiance when the attenuation is 10% of the surface layer. In the calculated depth of the euoptical layer, the transparency Z of the seawater can be calculated according to the formula (6) SD Calculating according to formula (6) to obtain seawater transparency Z SD ：
Z SD ＝kZ eu (6)
In this way, the calculation by the above formula improves the accuracy of the measurement and also generalizes the sea adaptability of the method. The problems of low accuracy and poor sea area adaptability of an empirical algorithm are avoided.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement the same, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the essence of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for measuring the diffusion attenuation coefficient, the depth of a true light layer and the transparency of seawater, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring hyperspectral profile distribution of irradiance and irradiance of seawater and corresponding profile depth synchronous measurement data;
according to the definition of the diffusion attenuation coefficient, calculating the profile distribution of the diffusion attenuation coefficient of different wave bands by utilizing the obtained hyperspectral profile distribution of the irradiance and the corresponding profile depth of the seawater;
calculating the depth of the real light layer according to the correlation between the depth of the real light layer and the diffusion attenuation coefficient of the specific wavelength by using the obtained profile distribution of the diffusion attenuation coefficient of different wave bands;
and calculating the seawater transparency according to the correlation between the depth of the euoptical layer and the seawater transparency by using the obtained depth of the euoptical layer.
2. The method for measuring the diffusion attenuation coefficient, the depth of a true light layer and the transparency of the seawater according to claim 1, wherein the calculating the profile distribution of the diffusion attenuation coefficient of different wave bands by using the obtained hyperspectral profile distribution of the irradiance of the seawater and the corresponding profile depth comprises:
performing profile distribution calculation of irradiance diffusion attenuation coefficients according to the formula (1):
in the formula (1), z 1 And z 2 Two similar profile depths;diffusion attenuation coefficient, E, for downstream irradiance d Is the downlink irradiance;
performing profile distribution calculation of the radiance diffusion attenuation coefficient according to the formula (2):
in the formula (2), z 1 And z 2 Two similar profile depths;a diffusion attenuation coefficient L for the upward radiance u Is the upstream radiance.
3. The seawater diffusion attenuation coefficient, depth of layer, and transparency measuring method according to claim 2, wherein the true light is calculated according to formulas (3) - (5)Depth of layer Z eu ：
K PAR ＝M PAR *K d (490) (4)
In the formula (3), Z eu Depth of true light layer, M PAR (Z eu ) The diffusion attenuation coefficient of light and effective radiation corresponding to the depth of a true light layer;
in the formulas (4) - (5), M PAR Is an empirical constant, K d (490) Diffusion attenuation coefficient, K, for downstream irradiance at 490nm PAR Diffusion attenuation coefficient, K, for photosynthetically active radiation d,10％ (490) For a downlink irradiance E at 490nm d (z, 490) the diffuse attenuation coefficient of the downstream irradiance when the attenuation is 10% of the surface layer.
4. The method for measuring the diffusion attenuation coefficient, the depth of a euoptical layer and the transparency of seawater according to claim 3, wherein the transparency Z of seawater is calculated according to the formula (6) SD ：
Z SD ＝kZ eu (6)。
5. The method for measuring the diffusion attenuation coefficient, the depth of a eulight layer and the transparency of the seawater according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the hyperspectral profile distribution of the irradiance of the seawater and the synchronous measurement data of the corresponding profile depth are obtained by a hyperspectral water irradiance profile measuring instrument;
the hyperspectral water irradiance profile measuring instrument comprises irradiance detection sensors, a free falling body sinking control function module, a depth sensor, a non-contact power supply control switch, a profile throwing rope fastener and a fixing ring thereof;
the irradiance radiance detection sensor is a cylinder and comprises three parts, wherein an upper cylinder is an irradiance sensitization probe, a lower cylinder is a radiance sensitization probe, and a middle cylinder is a photoelectric conversion and data acquisition control unit;
the depth sensor and the non-contact power supply control switch are mounted on the end face of the middle cylinder in a watertight manner;
the free falling body sinking control functional module comprises a counterweight hammer for controlling the free falling body process and a floating body for controlling the verticality of the irradiance radiance sensor in the free falling body process; the counterweight hammer is designed into a cylinder with a hollow diameter slightly larger than that of the irradiance sensitive probe, and is mechanically fastened with the irradiance sensor by penetrating through the irradiance sensitive probe; the floating body is hollow, the hollow diameter is slightly larger than the outer diameter of a middle cylinder of the irradiance sensor, and the floating body passes through the middle cylinder and is pressed and fixed by a section throwing rope fastener and a fixing ring thereof; the section throwing rope fastener and the fixing ring thereof are mechanically locked at the upper end of the middle cylinder.
6. The seawater diffusion attenuation coefficient, depth of layer, and transparency measuring method according to claim 5, wherein the diameters of the upper and lower cylinders are smaller than the diameter of the middle cylinder; the upper end face and the lower end face of the middle cylinder are hollow, the bottom end face of the upper cylinder is hollow, an irradiance photosensitive glass window with a built-in cosine collector is arranged on the top end face, the top end of the lower cylinder is hollow, and a radiance photosensitive glass window is arranged on the bottom end; the hollow bottom end surface of the upper cylinder is locked with the hollow upper end surface of the middle cylinder in a watertight manner, and the hollow top end surface of the lower cylinder is locked with the hollow lower section of the middle cylinder in a watertight manner.
7. The method for measuring the diffusion attenuation coefficient, the depth of a true light layer and the transparency of seawater according to claim 5, wherein the floating body is made of light polymer, and the floating body is in a hollow circular trapezoidal table structure.
8. The method for measuring the diffusion attenuation coefficient, the depth of a true light layer and the transparency of the seawater according to claim 5, wherein the hyperspectral water irradiance irradiation profile measuring instrument is internally provided with a rechargeable battery and an information storage module, and the underwater work is self-contained.
9. The seawater diffusion attenuation coefficient, depth of layer, and transparency measuring method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the photoelectric conversion and data acquisition control unit comprises an irradiance hyperspectral measurement module and a radiance hyperspectral measurement module; the irradiance hyperspectral measurement module and the irradiance hyperspectral measurement module can be used for rapidly and adaptively adjusting integration according to light intensity, the shortest measurement is us-level, the longest measurement is not more than 1s, and the irradiance measurement process is controlled by the data acquisition control unit and self-contained storage is realized.
10. The method for measuring the diffusion attenuation coefficient, the true light depth and the transparency of the seawater according to claim 5, wherein when the hyperspectral water irradiance profile measuring instrument is used for measuring the hyperspectral profile distribution of the irradiance of the seawater and the corresponding profile depth, the throwing rope is tied on the tie by the profile throwing rope tie and the fixing ring thereof, the non-contact power supply control switch is used for starting the power supply of the hyperspectral water irradiance profile measuring instrument, the hyperspectral water irradiance profile measuring instrument is thrown into water by the throwing rope after the power supply is successful, the free-falling body subsidence control function module is used for controlling the irradiance of the water to start the profile free-falling body subsidence, and in the subsidence process, the irradiance of the water is measured by the irradiance hyperspectral measuring module and the irradiance hyperspectral measuring module, and the irradiance of the profile depth of the water are stored in a self-contained mode.
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