CN117290979A - Effective contact area-based bolt-combined contact thermal resistance measurement method and device - Google Patents
Effective contact area-based bolt-combined contact thermal resistance measurement method and device Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
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- G06F2119/08—Thermal analysis or thermal optimisation
Abstract
The invention provides a method and a device for measuring the contact thermal resistance of a bolt combination based on an effective contact area, and relates to the technical field of the measurement of the contact thermal resistance of a machine tool combination surface, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring temperature difference information of a bolt joint surface and corresponding heat flow information; obtaining measurement information of the bolt joint surface, and constructing a geometric analysis model; acquiring the effective contact area of the bolt joint surface according to the geometric analysis model; and acquiring the contact thermal resistance information of the bonding surface according to the temperature difference information, the heat flow information and the effective contact area. According to the measurement information of the first test piece and the second test piece forming the bolt joint surface, a geometric analysis model is built, the effective contact area of the bolt joint surface is further obtained, the contact thermal resistance information of the bolt joint part is accurately obtained based on the effective contact area combined with the temperature difference information and the heat flow information, the accuracy of obtaining the contact thermal resistance is improved, and the thermal characteristic analysis requirement of a machine tool is met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of machine tool joint surface contact thermal resistance measurement, in particular to a method and a device for measuring bolt joint contact thermal resistance based on effective contact area.
Background
Because the machining precision of the machine tool is affected by temperature, a designer needs to pre-judge and evaluate the thermal characteristics, thermal deformation and the like of the whole machine tool in the design stage of the machine tool. A large number of research results show that the machining error caused by thermal deformation accounts for 40% -80% of the total error proportion, and the deformation at the joint surface accounts for 80% -90% of the total deformation of the structure, namely the thermal deformation of the joint surface accounts for a large proportion. The problem of the contact thermal resistance of the corresponding bonding surface of the machine tool fixed bonding part is the key of the analysis and research of the machine tool temperature field, and the acquisition of the contact thermal resistance of the machine tool fixed bonding part is the key of accurately analyzing the machine tool temperature field, wherein the bolt bonding part is the most applied fixed bonding part of the machine tool.
In the prior art, the existing thermal resistance data are directly used for analyzing the thermal characteristics of the machine tool, but the analysis result is not consistent with the experimental result, and an effective reference cannot be provided for the optimal design of the machine tool, because differences exist due to the fact that actual operation conditions of different machine tools are not considered, such as actual stress conditions of bolts, effective acting areas of the bolts, layout of the bolts and the like, the universality effect of the existing thermal resistance data is poor, and the requirement of the analysis of the temperature field of the machine tool cannot be met.
Therefore, how to accurately measure and obtain the contact thermal resistance of the machine tool bolt joint is a problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method and a device for measuring the contact thermal resistance of a bolt combination part based on an effective contact area, which are used for solving the defect that the contact thermal resistance of the bolt combination part cannot be accurately obtained according to the actual condition of a machine tool in the prior art.
The invention provides a method for measuring the thermal contact resistance of bolt combination based on effective contact area, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring temperature difference information of a bolt joint surface and corresponding heat flow information;
obtaining measurement information of the bolt joint surface, and constructing a geometric analysis model;
acquiring the effective contact area of the bolt joint surface according to the geometric analysis model;
acquiring junction surface contact thermal resistance information according to the temperature difference information, the heat flow information and the effective contact area;
the temperature difference information represents the temperature difference of two sides of the bolt joint surface; the heat flow information characterizes a heat flow corresponding to the temperature difference; the bolt joint surface is formed by attaching a first test piece and a second test piece, and the measurement information represents measurement data for forming the first test piece and the second test piece; the effective contact area represents the actual fit contact area of the first test piece and the second test piece.
According to the method for measuring the bolt-bonded contact thermal resistance based on the effective contact area provided by the invention, the obtaining of the temperature difference information of the bolt-bonded surface and the corresponding heat flow information comprises the following steps:
acquiring a first temperature distance data set and a second temperature distance data set, wherein the first temperature distance data set represents the distance between the part of the first test piece and the bolt joint surface and the corresponding temperature, and the second temperature distance data set represents the distance between the part of the second test piece and the bolt joint surface and the corresponding temperature;
fitting a first linear expression according to the first temperature distance data set to obtain a first contact temperature, wherein the first contact temperature represents the temperature corresponding to a position with zero distance between the first test piece and the bolt joint surface;
fitting a second linear expression according to the second temperature distance data set to obtain a second contact temperature, wherein the second contact temperature represents the temperature corresponding to the position of the second test piece, the distance between the second test piece and the bolt joint surface of which is zero;
and acquiring the temperature difference information according to the first contact temperature and the second contact temperature.
According to the method for measuring the thermal contact resistance of the bolt combination based on the effective contact area, the obtaining of the thermal flow information in the temperature difference information of the bolt combination surface and the corresponding thermal flow information comprises the following steps:
acquiring a first slope according to the first linear expression and acquiring a second slope according to the second linear expression;
acquiring a first thermal conductivity, a second thermal conductivity, a first cross-sectional area and a second cross-sectional area, wherein the first thermal conductivity represents the thermal conductivity of the first test piece, the second thermal conductivity represents the thermal conductivity of the second test piece, the first cross-sectional area represents the cross-sectional area of the first test piece, and the second cross-sectional area represents the cross-sectional area of the second test piece;
acquiring a first heat flow according to the first heat conductivity, the first cross-sectional area and the first slope;
acquiring a second heat flow rate according to the second heat conductivity, the second cross-sectional area and the second slope;
and acquiring the heat flow information according to the first heat flow and the second heat flow.
According to the method for measuring the bolt-on contact thermal resistance based on the effective contact area, the first temperature distance data set and the second temperature distance data set are obtained, and the method comprises the following steps:
The constant temperature of the first temperature control module and the constant temperature of the second temperature control module are controlled to be a first preset temperature, the first temperature control module is used for adjusting the temperature of the first test piece, and the second temperature control module is used for adjusting the temperature of the second test piece;
acquiring temperature information, and controlling the constant temperature of the first temperature control module to be a second preset temperature and controlling the constant temperature of the second temperature control module to be a third preset temperature when the temperature fluctuation amplitude is smaller than the preset amplitude within the preset time;
according to the temperature information, when the temperature fluctuation amplitude is smaller than the preset amplitude value in the preset time, recording the temperature values of the different distance parts of the first test piece and the bolt joint surface to form a first temperature distance data set, and recording the temperature values of the different distance parts of the second test piece and the bolt joint surface to form a second temperature distance data set;
the temperature information characterizes the temperature change of the parts with different distances between the first test piece and the bolt joint surface and the temperature change of the parts with different distances between the second test piece and the bolt joint surface.
According to the method for measuring the thermal contact resistance of the bolt combination based on the effective contact area, which is provided by the invention, the measurement information of the bolt combination surface is obtained, and a geometric analysis model is constructed, and the method comprises the following steps:
Acquiring roughness information and point cloud information, wherein the roughness information represents the roughness of the mutual contact surfaces of the first test piece and the second test piece, and the point cloud information represents the three-dimensional shapes of the first test piece and the second test piece;
and constructing a geometric analysis model according to the roughness information and the point cloud information.
According to the method for measuring the bolt-bonding contact thermal resistance based on the effective contact area, which is provided by the invention, the effective contact area of the bolt-bonding surface is obtained according to the geometric analysis model, and the method comprises the following steps:
acquiring bolt pretightening force information;
and according to the bolt pretightening force information and the geometric analysis model, acquiring the effective contact area of the bolt joint surface through finite element analysis.
The invention also provides a device for measuring the thermal contact resistance of the bolt combination, which comprises:
the device comprises a first test piece and a second test piece, wherein the first test piece is connected with the second test piece through a bolt, and a contact wall surface of the first test piece and the second test piece forms a bolt joint surface;
the first temperature control module is connected with the first test piece, and the second temperature control module is connected with the second test piece;
The first temperature detection component is connected with the first test piece, and the second temperature detection component is connected with the second test piece;
the control processing module, the first temperature control module, the second temperature control module, the first temperature detection assembly and the second temperature detection assembly are electrically connected with the control processing module;
the control processing module is used for realizing the effective contact area-based bolt-bonding contact thermal resistance measurement method.
According to the bolt-bonding contact thermal resistance measuring device provided by the invention, the first temperature detecting assembly comprises a plurality of first temperature sensors, wherein the first temperature sensors are arranged on the first test piece, and the distances between different first temperature sensors and the bolt bonding surface are different; and/or the second temperature detection assembly comprises a plurality of second temperature sensors, wherein the second temperature sensors are arranged on the second test piece, and the distances between the second temperature sensors and the bolt joint surface are different.
According to the bolt-bonding contact thermal resistance measuring device provided by the invention, the first temperature control module comprises a first constant temperature plate, a first pipeline and a first temperature control machine, wherein the first constant temperature plate is connected with the wall surface of the first test piece, which is away from the bolt bonding surface, the first constant temperature plate is provided with a first heat exchange channel, and the first pipeline is respectively connected with the first constant temperature plate and the first temperature control machine so as to enable the first heat exchange channel to be communicated with the first temperature control machine; and/or, the second temperature control module comprises a second constant temperature plate, a second pipeline and a second temperature control machine, the second constant temperature plate is connected with the wall surface of the second test piece, which is away from the bolt joint surface, the second constant temperature plate is provided with a second heat exchange channel, and the second pipeline is respectively connected with the second constant temperature plate and the second temperature control machine so that the second heat exchange channel is communicated with the second temperature control machine.
According to the bolt-bonding contact thermal resistance measuring device provided by the invention, the device further comprises a first soaking layer and a second soaking layer, wherein the first soaking layer is arranged between the first constant temperature plate and the first test piece, and the second soaking layer is arranged between the second constant temperature plate and the second test piece.
The method and the device for measuring the bolt-bonding contact thermal resistance based on the effective contact area have the following beneficial effects: the measuring information of the first test piece and the second test piece forming the bolt joint surface is obtained, and the measuring information represents the data of the actual measuring bolt joint part, so that the actual condition of the machine tool can be reflected. And constructing a geometric analysis model based on the measurement information, analyzing and processing the geometric analysis model based on the bolt pretightening force and the bolt position to obtain the effective contact area of the bolt joint surface, namely the actual area of the heat conduction of the first test piece and the second test piece, and further calculating and obtaining the thermal resistance information of the joint surface according to the heat flow information, the temperature difference information and the effective contact area. Therefore, a geometric analysis model is constructed according to the measurement information of the first test piece and the second test piece forming the bolt joint surface, so that the effective contact area of the bolt joint surface is obtained, the contact thermal resistance information of the bolt joint part is accurately obtained based on the effective contact area combined temperature difference information and the heat flow information, the accuracy of obtaining the contact thermal resistance is improved, and the thermal characteristic analysis requirement of a machine tool is met.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the following description will briefly explain the drawings used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for measuring the thermal contact resistance of a bolt-on contact based on an effective contact area;
FIG. 2 is a second flow chart of a method for measuring thermal contact resistance of a bolt-on contact based on an effective contact area according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a third flow chart of the method for measuring the thermal contact resistance of the bolt-on contact based on the effective contact area;
FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart of a method for measuring the thermal contact resistance of a bolt-on contact based on an effective contact area;
FIG. 5 is a schematic flow chart of a method for measuring the thermal contact resistance of a bolt-on contact based on an effective contact area;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a method for measuring the thermal contact resistance of a bolt-on contact based on an effective contact area according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a first linear expression and a second linear expression in one embodiment of a method for measuring a thermal resistance of a bolt-on contact based on an effective contact area according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an effective contact area in one embodiment of a method for measuring a thermal resistance of a bolt-on contact based on an effective contact area according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the variation of thermal contact resistance with temperature difference in one embodiment of the method for measuring the thermal contact resistance of the bolt-on contact based on effective contact area;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a variation of contact resistance with bolt pretightening force in one embodiment of a method for measuring a bolt-on contact resistance based on an effective contact area according to the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a device for measuring thermal contact resistance by bolt bonding according to the present invention.
Reference numerals:
a first test piece 910; a second test piece 920; a bolt-engaging surface 930; a control processing module 940; a first temperature sensor 950; a second temperature sensor 960; a first thermostatic plate 971; a first temperature controller 972; a second thermostatic plate 981; a second temperature controller 982; a temperature receiving module 990.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the existing thermal characteristic analysis of the machine tool, the existing thermal contact resistance data are generally directly used, but the actual running conditions of the machine tool are different, specifically, the thermal contact resistance of the bolt joint part is related to the pretightening force of the bolt, the position of the bolt and the like, and under the condition that accurate analysis is required, the universality of the existing thermal contact resistance data is poor, and the analysis error cannot meet the requirements. In addition, in a few cases of measurement and analysis according to the actual machine tool situation, when the contact thermal resistance is calculated, the calculation is simply performed according to the thermal conductivity coefficient of the material and the cross section area of the bolt joint surface, and the problems of influence of the bolt pretightening force and the bolt position are still not considered. Under the influence of the acting force of the bolt, the object forming the bolt joint part can generate corresponding micro deformation, so that the pretightening force of the bolt and the position of the bolt can influence the effective contact area of the bolt joint part, the effective contact area directly influences the contact thermal resistance, and the effective contact area is very critical for accurately acquiring the contact thermal resistance.
The effective contact area-based bolt-on contact thermal resistance measurement method of the present invention is described below with reference to fig. 1 to 6, including:
s100: acquiring temperature difference information of a bolt joint surface and corresponding heat flow information;
S200: obtaining measurement information of the bolt joint surface, and constructing a geometric analysis model;
s300: acquiring the effective contact area of the bolt joint surface according to the geometric analysis model;
s400: acquiring junction surface contact thermal resistance information according to the temperature difference information, the heat flow information and the effective contact area;
the temperature difference information represents the temperature difference of two sides of the bolt joint surface; the heat flow information characterizes a heat flow corresponding to the temperature difference; the bolt joint surface is formed by attaching a first test piece and a second test piece, and the measurement information represents measurement data for forming the first test piece and the second test piece; the effective contact area represents the actual fit contact area of the first test piece and the second test piece.
The measuring information of the first test piece and the second test piece forming the bolt joint surface is obtained, and the measuring information represents the data of the actual measuring bolt joint part, so that the actual condition of the machine tool can be reflected. And constructing a geometric analysis model based on the measurement information, analyzing and processing the geometric analysis model based on the bolt pretightening force and the bolt position to obtain the effective contact area of the bolt joint surface, namely the actual area of the heat conduction of the first test piece and the second test piece, and further calculating and obtaining the thermal resistance information of the joint surface according to the heat flow information, the temperature difference information and the effective contact area. Therefore, a geometric analysis model is constructed according to the measurement information of the first test piece and the second test piece forming the bolt joint surface, so that the effective contact area of the bolt joint surface is obtained, the contact thermal resistance information of the bolt joint part is accurately obtained based on the effective contact area combined temperature difference information and the heat flow information, the accuracy of obtaining the contact thermal resistance is improved, and the thermal characteristic analysis requirement of a machine tool is met.
The first test piece and the second test piece are connected through bolts, and the wall surfaces of the first test piece and the second test piece, which are in contact with each other, form a bolt joint surface. The effective contact area of the bolt joint surface is the area of the bolt joint surface which is actually bonded for heat conduction due to the influence of pressure, roughness and the like.
Referring to fig. 2, in some embodiments of the method for measuring a thermal contact resistance of a bolt-on contact based on an effective contact area according to the present invention, in S100, the obtaining of the temperature difference information includes:
s110: acquiring a first temperature distance data set and a second temperature distance data set, wherein the first temperature distance data set represents the distance between the part of the first test piece and the bolt joint surface and the corresponding temperature, and the second temperature distance data set represents the distance between the part of the second test piece and the bolt joint surface and the corresponding temperature;
s120: fitting a first linear expression according to the first temperature distance data set to obtain a first contact temperature, wherein the first contact temperature represents the temperature corresponding to a position with zero distance between the first test piece and the bolt joint surface;
s130: fitting a second linear expression according to the second temperature distance data set to obtain a second contact temperature, wherein the second contact temperature represents the temperature corresponding to the position of the second test piece, the distance between the second test piece and the bolt joint surface of which is zero;
S140: and acquiring the temperature difference information according to the first contact temperature and the second contact temperature.
Under the condition that the temperature difference exists between the first test piece and the second test piece, the first test piece and the second test piece conduct heat at the bolt joint surface, and the position temperature of the first test piece and the second test piece is related to the distance of the bolt joint surface. The first temperature distance data set represents the temperature corresponding to the positions of the first test piece and the bolt joint surface at different distances, the second temperature distance data set represents the temperature corresponding to the positions of the second test piece and the bolt joint surface at different distances, the first linear expression is fitted according to the first temperature distance data set, the relation of the temperature on the first test piece along with the change of the distance can be reflected, and similarly, the second linear expression is fitted according to the second temperature distance data set, the relation of the temperature on the second test piece along with the change of the distance can be reflected. According to the first linear expression and the second linear expression, the first contact temperature and the second contact temperature corresponding to the zero distance between the first test piece and the bolt joint surface of the second test piece can be calculated respectively, namely, the temperatures of two sides of the bolt joint surface are calculated respectively, and then the first contact temperature, the second contact temperature and the temperature difference value of the first contact temperature and the second contact temperature can be used as temperature difference information.
Referring to fig. 7, fig. 7 illustrates a curve corresponding to the fitted first linear expression and a curve corresponding to the second linear expression. The first linear expression isThe second linear expression is/>. Wherein->、/>Is the temperature of the part>、/>Is the slope, X is the distance from the reference plane, ">、/>Is constant. The reference surface may be a bolt joint surface or other plane. In FIG. 7, the plane at the bottom of the test piece is taken as a reference plane, and the X value corresponding to the bolt joint surface is taken to obtain the corresponding +.>And->The first contact temperature and the second contact temperature are shown as Δt in fig. 7, which is the temperature difference of the bolt joint surface.
The bolt joint surface is formed by the first test piece and the laminating of second test piece, can't direct detection bolt joint surface both sides' temperature. Therefore, according to the actually detected first temperature distance data set and second temperature distance data set, the first contact temperature and the second contact temperature at two sides of the bolt joint surface are obtained through fitting the first linear expression and the second linear expression, so that temperature difference information is obtained, and the temperature difference of the bolt joint surface can be accurately obtained under the condition that the bolt joint surface cannot be directly detected, so that the accuracy of the follow-up calculation of the contact thermal resistance is improved.
The first temperature distance data set and the second temperature distance data set can be obtained by arranging a plurality of temperature sensors on the first test piece and the second test piece for detection; in some embodiments, the first temperature distance data set and the second temperature distance data set may be obtained according to an infrared detection image, where the infrared detection image is smaller than the linear occupation of the bolt joint surface in the image, so that the temperature difference at two sides of the linear joint surface cannot be accurately and directly obtained, and the first temperature distance data set and the second temperature distance data set can be formed by taking points at two sides, so that the temperature difference at two sides of the bolt joint surface can be more accurately obtained by the above-mentioned linear expression fitting method.
Referring to fig. 3, in some embodiments of the method for measuring a thermal contact resistance of a bolt-on contact based on an effective contact area according to the present invention, in S100, the acquiring of the thermal flow information includes:
s150: acquiring a first slope according to the first linear expression and acquiring a second slope according to the second linear expression;
s160: acquiring a first thermal conductivity, a second thermal conductivity, a first cross-sectional area and a second cross-sectional area, wherein the first thermal conductivity represents the thermal conductivity of the first test piece, the second thermal conductivity represents the thermal conductivity of the second test piece, the first cross-sectional area represents the cross-sectional area of the first test piece, and the second cross-sectional area represents the cross-sectional area of the second test piece;
S170: acquiring a first heat flow according to the first heat conductivity, the first cross-sectional area and the first slope;
s180: acquiring a second heat flow rate according to the second heat conductivity, the second cross-sectional area and the second slope;
s190: and acquiring the heat flow information according to the first heat flow and the second heat flow.
According to fourier's law of thermal conduction, the heat flow can be determined by the thermal conductivity of the material, the heat transfer area, and the temperature gradient. The first slope of the first linear expression and the second slope of the second linear expression can both represent the rate of change of temperature with distance, i.e., as a temperature gradient. The first slope combines the first heat conductivity and the first cross-sectional area of first test piece, can calculate the first heat flow of first test piece, and the second slope combines the second heat conductivity and the second cross-sectional area of second test piece, can calculate the second heat flow of second test piece, can regard the average value of first heat flow and second heat flow as heat flow information.
Therefore, when the temperature difference information is acquired by using the first linear expression and the second linear expression, the corresponding heat flow information is acquired by using the first slope of the fitted first linear expression and the second slope of the second linear expression, so that the processing efficiency is improved.
The first heat flow, the second heat flow and the average heat flow can be specifically calculated according to the following formula:
wherein,for the first heat flow, +.>Is of a first thermal conductivity->Is of a first cross-sectional area>For a first slope, +>For the second heat flow->Is of a second thermal conductivity->Is of a second cross-sectional area>For the second slope, Q is the average heat flow.
The first heat conductivity and the second heat conductivity are respectively related to manufacturing materials of the first test piece and the second test piece and can be obtained according to material characteristic parameters. It can be understood that the heat conduction efficiency between the first test piece and the second test piece cannot reach a percentage due to the influences of air heat dissipation, heat conduction of other devices and the like, and the first heat flow and the second heat flow obtained based on actual measurement data cannot be equal under the condition of the same cross-sectional area, so that the average value of the first heat flow and the second heat flow is taken as the heat flow of the bolt joint surface.
Referring to fig. 4, in some embodiments of the method for measuring a bolt-on contact thermal resistance based on an effective contact area of the present invention, the S110 includes:
s111: the constant temperature of the first temperature control module and the constant temperature of the second temperature control module are controlled to be a first preset temperature, the first temperature control module is used for adjusting the temperature of the first test piece, and the second temperature control module is used for adjusting the temperature of the second test piece;
S112: acquiring temperature information, and controlling the constant temperature of the first temperature control module to be a second preset temperature and controlling the constant temperature of the second temperature control module to be a third preset temperature when the temperature fluctuation amplitude is smaller than the preset amplitude within the preset time;
s113: according to the temperature information, when the temperature fluctuation amplitude is smaller than the preset amplitude value in the preset time, recording the temperature values of the different distance parts of the first test piece and the bolt joint surface to form a first temperature distance data set, and recording the temperature values of the different distance parts of the second test piece and the bolt joint surface to form a second temperature distance data set;
the temperature information characterizes the temperature change of the parts with different distances between the first test piece and the bolt joint surface and the temperature change of the parts with different distances between the second test piece and the bolt joint surface.
The temperature of the first test piece and the temperature of the second test piece can be adjusted by controlling the first temperature control module and the second temperature control module. The constant temperature of the first temperature control module and the constant temperature of the second temperature control module are controlled to be the first preset temperature, so that the temperatures of the first test piece and the second test piece all tend to the first preset temperature, when the temperature fluctuation range is smaller than the preset amplitude value in the preset time, the heat balance state is achieved, the initial condition of measurement is ensured to be stable, meanwhile, whether the measurement environment stably meets the requirement or not can be detected, and when the fluctuation range is always larger than the preset amplitude value, the abnormal influence exists in the measurement environment.
After the first preset temperature reaches the thermal balance, controlling the constant temperature of the first temperature control module to be the second preset temperature, controlling the constant temperature of the second temperature control module to be the third preset temperature, enabling the first test piece and the second test piece to generate temperature difference, and when the temperature fluctuation amplitude is smaller than the preset amplitude in the preset time, achieving the thermal balance state, and recording the temperatures corresponding to the positions with different bolt bonding surface distances on the first test piece and the second test piece at the moment according to the temperature information to form a first temperature distance data set and a second temperature distance data set.
Referring to fig. 5, in some embodiments of the method for measuring a bolt-on contact thermal resistance based on an effective contact area of the present invention, S200 includes:
s210: acquiring roughness information and point cloud information, wherein the roughness information represents the roughness of the mutual contact surfaces of the first test piece and the second test piece, and the point cloud information represents the three-dimensional shapes of the first test piece and the second test piece;
s220: and constructing a geometric analysis model according to the roughness information and the point cloud information.
Because the effective contact area of the bolt joint surface is related to the roughness of the wall surfaces of the first test piece and the second test piece, and is also related to the shapes of the first test piece and the second test piece and the setting position of the bolt, a geometric analysis model is constructed based on the roughness information and the point cloud information, and the effective contact area of the bolt joint surface formed by the first test piece and the second test piece is favorable for subsequent analysis and treatment.
The point cloud information reflects the three-dimensional shapes of the first test piece and the second test piece, and can reflect the positions of the first test piece and the second test piece which are connected through the bolts, namely the setting positions of the bolts. The roughness information and the point cloud information can be obtained from a three-dimensional surface profiler, namely, the first test piece and the second test piece are measured and obtained through the three-dimensional surface profiler. In some embodiments of the present invention, the measurement information may further include parameter information related to the effective contact area, such as hardness of the first test piece, the second test piece, and the like.
Referring to fig. 6, in some embodiments of the method for measuring a bolt-on contact thermal resistance based on an effective contact area of the present invention, the S300 includes:
s310: acquiring bolt pretightening force information;
s320: and according to the bolt pretightening force information and the geometric analysis model, acquiring the effective contact area of the bolt joint surface through finite element analysis.
The geometric analysis model can be in a nonlinear statics analysis mode and the like according to the input bolt pretightening force information, the statics analysis bolt joint surface is in contact with a real rough surface and a contour, and under the input bolt pretightening force condition, the actual area of the first test piece and the second test piece, namely the effective contact area, is attached under the bolt acting force. Therefore, the effective contact area can reflect the heat conduction area generated by the first test piece and the second test piece, and the thermal contact resistance of the bolt joint surface is obtained based on the effective area analysis, so that the method is more accurate.
The bolt pretightening force information represents pretightening force of each bolt on the first test piece and the second test piece, and the bolt pretightening force information can be manually input and obtained.
Referring to fig. 8, as a schematic view of an effective contact area of a bolt joint surface in an embodiment of the present invention, wall surfaces of a first test piece and a second test piece, which are in contact with each other, are rectangular, four corners of the bolt joint surface form effective contact areas under the action force of a bolt, the center of the rectangle does not form a large-area effective contact area, only two areas form effective contact, and the effective contact area is obtained by counting the area of the effective contact area. The effective contact area is greatly different from the rectangular total area, namely the total area of the contact surfaces of the first test piece and the second test piece. The total area of the contact wall surface of the first test piece or the second test piece is directly used as the heat conduction area, so that a large error exists, and the invention can enable the analysis and the acquisition of the contact thermal resistance to be more accurate based on the effective contact area as the heat conduction area.
After the effective contact area is obtained, the temperature difference information and the heat flow information are combined to obtain the contact thermal resistance information, and the specific contact thermal resistance can be obtained by calculation according to the following formula:
Wherein,is contact thermal resistance; />For the temperature difference of the bolt joint surface, i.e. the first contact temperature +.>With a second contact temperature->Is a difference in (2); a is the effective contact area; q average heat flow, i.e. first heat flow +.>And a second heat flow->Average value of (2).
In some embodiments of the invention, after the step S400, the method further includes:
s500: forming working condition record information according to the contact thermal resistance information, the corresponding bolt pretightening force information and the temperature difference information;
s600: acquiring new temperature difference information, heat flow information, measurement information and bolt pretightening force information, and repeating the steps S100, S200, S300 and S400 to acquire corresponding contact thermal resistance information;
s700: repeating the steps S500 and S600;
s800: and storing the plurality of pieces of working condition record information to form a contact thermal resistance database.
The thermal contact resistance information under different working conditions is repeatedly obtained, and thermal contact resistance data are stored and formed, so that the change rule of the thermal contact resistance can be conveniently and statistically analyzed later, the thermal contact resistance under specific working conditions is searched, and the requirements of machine tool thermal characteristic analysis are met.
Referring to fig. 9, fig. 9 is a graph showing the variation of contact thermal resistance at different temperature differences. Referring to fig. 10, fig. 10 is a graph showing the change of thermal contact resistance under different bolt pretightening forces.
Referring to fig. 11, the present invention also provides a device for measuring a thermal contact resistance of a bolt joint, comprising:
a first test piece 910 and a second test piece 920, wherein the first test piece 910 and the second test piece 920 are connected by a bolt, and a contact wall surface of the first test piece 910 and the second test piece 920 forms a bolt bonding surface 930;
a first temperature control module and a second temperature control module, wherein the first temperature control module is connected with the first test piece 910, and the second temperature control module is connected with the second test piece 920;
a first temperature detection assembly connected to the first test piece 910 and a second temperature detection assembly connected to the second test piece 920;
the control processing module 940, the first temperature control module, the second temperature control module, the first temperature detection component and the second temperature detection component are all electrically connected with the control processing module 940;
the control processing module 940 is configured to implement the above-described method for measuring a thermal contact resistance of a bolt bond based on an effective contact area.
The first test piece 910 and the second test piece 920 are connected through bolts to form a bolt joint surface 930, and the control processing module 940 can adjust the temperature of the first test piece 910 through the first temperature control module and can adjust the temperature of the second test piece 920 through the second temperature control module. The control processing module 940 can obtain the temperature condition of the first test piece 910 through the first temperature detection component and the temperature condition of the second test piece 920 through the second temperature detection component, so as to obtain the heat flow information and the temperature difference information. The control processing module 940 obtains measurement information of the first test piece 910 and the second test piece 920, builds a geometric analysis model based on the measurement information, performs analysis processing according to the geometric analysis model, obtains an effective contact area of the bolt joint surface 930, that is, an actual area where the first test piece 910 contacts the second test piece 920 for heat conduction, and further calculates and obtains thermal resistance information of the joint surface according to the heat flow information, the temperature difference information and the effective contact area. Based on the effective contact area of the first test piece 910 and the second test piece 920, the control processing module 940 accurately obtains the contact thermal resistance information of the bolt joint, thereby being beneficial to improving the accuracy of obtaining the contact thermal resistance and meeting the thermal characteristic analysis requirement of the machine tool.
The device for measuring the bolt-bonding contact thermal resistance can be mutually referred to with the provided method for measuring the bolt-bonding contact thermal resistance based on the effective contact area, and is not repeated.
The first test piece 910 and the second test piece 920 are connected by bolts, which may be: still include the bolt group, first test piece 910 is provided with the through-hole group, second test piece 920 be provided with the screw hole group that the through-hole group corresponds, the bolt group wear to locate the through-hole group and with screw hole group threaded connection makes first test piece 910 with second test piece 920 is connected.
It can be understood that the first test piece 910 and the second test piece 920 simulate the bolt joint portion of the machine tool, and the materials of the first test piece 910 and the second test piece 920 are the same as the materials used in the actual machine tool, and specifically may be materials such as steel and aluminum which are commonly used. The control processing module 940 may be an embodiment of a device including a processor, an embedded chip, a host computer, and the like.
Referring to fig. 11, in some embodiments of a screw-bonded thermal contact resistance measuring device according to the present invention, the first temperature detecting assembly includes a plurality of first temperature sensors 950, the first temperature sensors 950 are disposed on the first test piece 910 and different distances of the first temperature sensors 950 from the screw-bonded surface 930;
And/or the second temperature detection assembly comprises a plurality of second temperature sensors 960, wherein the second temperature sensors 960 are arranged on the second test piece 920, and distances between the second temperature sensors 960 and the bolt joint surface 930 are different.
The plurality of first temperature sensors 950 located on the first test piece 910 detect temperatures corresponding to different positions of the bolt joint surface 930, and upload the temperatures to the control processing module 940, and the control processing module 940 forms first temperature information reflecting the temperature condition of the first test piece 910 according to the uploaded information of the plurality of first temperature sensors 950. And a plurality of second temperature sensors 960 positioned on the second test piece 920, respectively detecting temperatures corresponding to different positions of the bolt joint surface 930, uploading the temperatures to the control processing module 940, and forming second temperature information reflecting the temperature condition of the second test piece 920 by the control processing module 940 according to the uploaded information of the second temperature sensors 960. The first temperature information and the second temperature information may correspond to the temperature information in the above method.
Referring to fig. 11, the plurality of first temperature sensors 950 and the plurality of second temperature sensors 960 may be uniformly disposed at intervals along a normal line of the bolt coupling surface 930.
Referring to fig. 11, in some embodiments of a screw-bonded thermal contact resistance measuring apparatus according to the present invention, the first temperature control module includes a first thermostatic plate 971, a first pipe, and a first temperature controller 972, the first thermostatic plate 971 is connected to a wall surface of the first test piece 910 facing away from the screw-bonded surface 930, the first thermostatic plate 971 is provided with a first heat exchange channel, and the first pipe is connected to the first thermostatic plate 971 and the first temperature controller 972, respectively, so that the first heat exchange channel communicates with the first temperature controller 972;
and/or, the second temperature control module comprises a second constant temperature plate 981, a second pipeline and a second temperature control machine 982, wherein the second constant temperature plate 981 is connected with the wall surface of the second test piece 920, which is away from the bolt joint surface 930, the second constant temperature plate 981 is provided with a second heat exchange channel, and the second pipeline is respectively connected with the second constant temperature plate 981 and the second temperature control machine 982 so that the second heat exchange channel is communicated with the second temperature control machine 982.
The first temperature controller 972 and the second temperature controller 982 control the constant temperature of the first constant temperature plate 971 and the second constant temperature plate 981 by outputting fluid with different temperatures to the first constant temperature plate 971 and the second constant temperature plate 981. The first temperature controller 972 controls the constant temperature of the first thermostatic board 971 to adjust the temperature of the first test piece 910, and the second temperature controller 982 controls the constant temperature of the second thermostatic board 981 to adjust the temperature of the second test piece 920, so as to simulate the temperature difference of the bolt joint surface 930 under different working conditions.
The first temperature controller 972 and the second temperature controller 982 may be machine tool specific refrigerators. The first and second thermostatic plates 971 and 981 may be made of an aluminum material.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the thermal contact resistance measuring device further comprises a first soaking layer and a second soaking layer, wherein the first soaking layer is disposed between the first thermostatic board 971 and the first test piece 910, and the second soaking layer is disposed between the second thermostatic board 981 and the second test piece 920.
Through being provided with first soaking layer and second soaking layer, can make first thermostatic board 971, when the temperature of second thermostatic board 981 regulation change first test piece 910, second test piece 920, heat conduction is more even, makes first test piece 910, second test piece 920 temperature variation more even, and the local difference in temperature of wall is too big, is favorable to improving measuring accuracy.
The first soaking layer and the second soaking layer can be silicone grease, silica gel or the like.
Referring to fig. 11, in some embodiments of a screw-bonded thermal contact resistance measuring apparatus according to the present invention, a temperature receiving module 990 is further included, the temperature receiving module 990 is connected to the first temperature sensor 950 and the second temperature sensor 960, respectively, and the control processing module 940 is connected to the temperature receiving module 990.
The temperature receiving module 990 may be a device including a single chip, an embedded chip, etc. to integrate signals of the plurality of first temperature sensors 950 and the plurality of second temperature sensors 960 to form temperature information for transmission to the control processing module 940.
The method and device for measuring the thermal contact resistance of the bolt combination based on the effective contact area of the invention are described below with a specific embodiment example, so as to facilitate more detailed understanding:
the first test piece 910 and the second test piece 920 are connected by using bolts, and a pretightening force 20 Nm is applied to the bolts;
the control processing module 940 controls the first temperature control module and the second temperature control module to set the constant temperature to 25 ℃ so that the first constant temperature plate 971 and the second constant temperature plate 981 are maintained at 25 ℃;
the control processing module 940 determines, through the first temperature detection component and the second temperature detection component, that the thermal equilibrium is considered to be reached when the temperature fluctuation of the first test piece 910 and the second test piece 920 is within 0.05 ℃;
the control processing module 940 controls the first temperature control module to set the constant temperature to 30 ℃ and controls the second temperature control module to set the constant temperature to 17 ℃, and considers that the heat balance is achieved when the temperature fluctuation of the first test piece 910 and the second test piece 920 is within 0.05 ℃;
The control processing module 940 forms a first temperature distance data set and a second temperature distance data set according to the temperature information detected by the first temperature detecting component and the second temperature detecting component, and further processes the temperature difference information and the heat flow information;
the control processing module 940 acquires measurement information from the three-dimensional surface profiler, including roughness information and point cloud information, further constructs a geometric analysis model, inputs the bolt pretightening force 20 Nm, and acquires the effective contact area of the bolt assembly surface through finite element analysis based on the geometric analysis model;
the control processing module 940 calculates and processes the temperature difference information, the heat flow information and the effective contact area to obtain contact thermal resistance information;
changing the pre-tightening force applied by the bolts, setting constant temperature and other parameters, simulating different working conditions, and repeating the steps to obtain the contact thermal resistance information under different working conditions.
The foregoing examples are provided merely for convenience of understanding and the specific numerical values do not limit the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The method for measuring the thermal contact resistance of the bolt combination based on the effective contact area is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring temperature difference information of a bolt joint surface and corresponding heat flow information;
obtaining measurement information of the bolt joint surface, and constructing a geometric analysis model;
acquiring the effective contact area of the bolt joint surface according to the geometric analysis model;
acquiring junction surface contact thermal resistance information according to the temperature difference information, the heat flow information and the effective contact area;
the temperature difference information represents the temperature difference of two sides of the bolt joint surface; the heat flow information characterizes a heat flow corresponding to the temperature difference; the bolt joint surface is formed by attaching a first test piece and a second test piece, and the measurement information represents measurement data for forming the first test piece and the second test piece; the effective contact area represents the actual fit contact area of the first test piece and the second test piece.
2. The method for measuring the thermal contact resistance of the bolt combination based on the effective contact area according to claim 1, wherein the obtaining of the temperature difference information of the bolt combination surface and the corresponding thermal flow information includes:
Acquiring a first temperature distance data set and a second temperature distance data set, wherein the first temperature distance data set represents the distance between the part of the first test piece and the bolt joint surface and the corresponding temperature, and the second temperature distance data set represents the distance between the part of the second test piece and the bolt joint surface and the corresponding temperature;
fitting a first linear expression according to the first temperature distance data set to obtain a first contact temperature, wherein the first contact temperature represents the temperature corresponding to a position with zero distance between the first test piece and the bolt joint surface;
fitting a second linear expression according to the second temperature distance data set to obtain a second contact temperature, wherein the second contact temperature represents the temperature corresponding to the position of the second test piece, the distance between the second test piece and the bolt joint surface of which is zero;
and acquiring the temperature difference information according to the first contact temperature and the second contact temperature.
3. The method for measuring the thermal resistance of the bolt joint based on the effective contact area according to claim 2, wherein the obtaining of the thermal flow information in the obtaining of the temperature difference information of the bolt joint surface and the corresponding thermal flow information includes:
Acquiring a first slope according to the first linear expression and acquiring a second slope according to the second linear expression;
acquiring a first thermal conductivity, a second thermal conductivity, a first cross-sectional area and a second cross-sectional area, wherein the first thermal conductivity represents the thermal conductivity of the first test piece, the second thermal conductivity represents the thermal conductivity of the second test piece, the first cross-sectional area represents the cross-sectional area of the first test piece, and the second cross-sectional area represents the cross-sectional area of the second test piece;
acquiring a first heat flow according to the first heat conductivity, the first cross-sectional area and the first slope;
acquiring a second heat flow rate according to the second heat conductivity, the second cross-sectional area and the second slope;
and acquiring the heat flow information according to the first heat flow and the second heat flow.
4. The method for measuring a thermal contact resistance of a bolt-on contact based on an effective contact area according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the acquiring the first temperature distance data set and the second temperature distance data set includes:
the constant temperature of the first temperature control module and the constant temperature of the second temperature control module are controlled to be a first preset temperature, the first temperature control module is used for adjusting the temperature of the first test piece, and the second temperature control module is used for adjusting the temperature of the second test piece;
Acquiring temperature information, and controlling the constant temperature of the first temperature control module to be a second preset temperature and controlling the constant temperature of the second temperature control module to be a third preset temperature when the temperature fluctuation amplitude is smaller than the preset amplitude within the preset time;
according to the temperature information, when the temperature fluctuation amplitude is smaller than the preset amplitude value in the preset time, recording the temperature values of the different distance parts of the first test piece and the bolt joint surface to form a first temperature distance data set, and recording the temperature values of the different distance parts of the second test piece and the bolt joint surface to form a second temperature distance data set;
the temperature information characterizes the temperature change of the parts with different distances between the first test piece and the bolt joint surface and the temperature change of the parts with different distances between the second test piece and the bolt joint surface.
5. The method for measuring the thermal contact resistance of the bolt combination based on the effective contact area according to claim 1, wherein the obtaining the measurement information of the bolt combination surface and constructing a geometric analysis model comprises the following steps:
acquiring roughness information and point cloud information, wherein the roughness information represents the roughness of the mutual contact surfaces of the first test piece and the second test piece, and the point cloud information represents the three-dimensional shapes of the first test piece and the second test piece;
And constructing a geometric analysis model according to the roughness information and the point cloud information.
6. The method for measuring the thermal contact resistance of the bolt joint based on the effective contact area according to claim 1, wherein the step of obtaining the effective contact area of the bolt joint surface according to the geometric analysis model comprises the following steps:
acquiring bolt pretightening force information;
and according to the bolt pretightening force information and the geometric analysis model, acquiring the effective contact area of the bolt joint surface through finite element analysis.
7. A screw-bonded contact thermal resistance measuring device, comprising:
the device comprises a first test piece and a second test piece, wherein the first test piece is connected with the second test piece through a bolt, and a contact wall surface of the first test piece and the second test piece forms a bolt joint surface;
the first temperature control module is connected with the first test piece, and the second temperature control module is connected with the second test piece;
the first temperature detection component is connected with the first test piece, and the second temperature detection component is connected with the second test piece;
The control processing module, the first temperature control module, the second temperature control module, the first temperature detection assembly and the second temperature detection assembly are electrically connected with the control processing module;
the control processing module is used for realizing the effective contact area-based bolt-on contact thermal resistance measurement method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. The device of claim 7, wherein the first temperature sensing assembly comprises a plurality of first temperature sensors disposed on the first test piece and having different distances from the bolt-engaging surface;
and/or the second temperature detection assembly comprises a plurality of second temperature sensors, wherein the second temperature sensors are arranged on the second test piece, and the distances between the second temperature sensors and the bolt joint surface are different.
9. The apparatus for measuring thermal contact resistance of bolt-on connection according to claim 7, wherein: the first temperature control module comprises a first constant temperature plate, a first pipeline and a first temperature control machine, wherein the first constant temperature plate is connected with the wall surface, deviating from the bolt joint surface, of the first test piece, the first constant temperature plate is provided with a first heat exchange channel, and the first pipeline is respectively connected with the first constant temperature plate and the first temperature control machine so that the first heat exchange channel is communicated with the first temperature control machine;
And/or, the second temperature control module comprises a second constant temperature plate, a second pipeline and a second temperature control machine, the second constant temperature plate is connected with the wall surface of the second test piece, which is away from the bolt joint surface, the second constant temperature plate is provided with a second heat exchange channel, and the second pipeline is respectively connected with the second constant temperature plate and the second temperature control machine so that the second heat exchange channel is communicated with the second temperature control machine.
10. The apparatus for measuring thermal contact resistance of bolt-on connection according to claim 9, wherein: the device further comprises a first soaking layer and a second soaking layer, wherein the first soaking layer is arranged between the first constant temperature plate and the first test piece, and the second soaking layer is arranged between the second constant temperature plate and the second test piece.
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