CN117282174A - Nanofiber electroactive air filter material, mask and preparation method of nanofiber electroactive air filter material - Google Patents
Nanofiber electroactive air filter material, mask and preparation method of nanofiber electroactive air filter material Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/08—Filter cloth, i.e. woven, knitted or interlaced material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D13/00—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches
- A41D13/05—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches protecting only a particular body part
- A41D13/11—Protective face masks, e.g. for surgical use, or for use in foul atmospheres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/08—Filter cloth, i.e. woven, knitted or interlaced material
- B01D39/083—Filter cloth, i.e. woven, knitted or interlaced material of organic material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/08—Filter cloth, i.e. woven, knitted or interlaced material
- B01D39/086—Filter cloth, i.e. woven, knitted or interlaced material of inorganic material
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
- D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
- D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D2239/04—Additives and treatments of the filtering material
- B01D2239/0435—Electret
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D2239/04—Additives and treatments of the filtering material
- B01D2239/0442—Antimicrobial, antibacterial, antifungal additives
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D2239/10—Filtering material manufacturing
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
- Filtering Materials (AREA)
- Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of air filtering materials, in particular to a nanofiber electroactive air filtering material, a mask and a preparation method thereof, wherein the nanofiber electroactive air filtering material is prepared by a solution air spinning process and comprises a fiber substrate, metal micro-nano particles with different electrode potentials are loaded on the surface and/or the inside of the fiber substrate, after the metal micro-nano particles with different electrode potentials are contacted with moisture, galvanic reaction is initiated, continuous autonomous electric stimulation is generated, electrostatic adsorption filtering effect is enhanced, and meanwhile, the activities of bacteria and viruses are inhibited through electric stimulation, metal ions, active oxygen and the like generated by discharge reaction, and the nanofiber electroactive air filtering material has good biological safety.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of air filtering materials, in particular to a nanofiber electroactive air filtering material, a mask and a preparation method of the nanofiber electroactive air filtering material.
Background
Due to the rapid development of industry, air pollution caused by particulate matter constitutes a serious threat to human health, suspended Particulate Matter (PM) is a complex mixture of very small solid particles and moisture, and is considered to be one of the most serious environmental problems. It has been studied that long-term exposure to PM2.5 environments can cause lung cancer, cerebrovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease, and the like. In addition, the air pollutants comprise a large amount of harmful bacteria or viruses besides PM, and the harmful bacteria or viruses in the air can cause diseases such as influenza, pneumonia and the like. These diseases are often highly contagious and severely dangerous and can even lead to patient death. In particular, in recent years, the novel coronavirus COVID-19 caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has great impact on the production and life of people worldwide, and the mask becomes a life necessity at one time.
Compared with the traditional air filtering materials such as melt-blown non-woven fabrics, the nanofiber has the advantages of smaller fiber diameter and high specific surface area, and is an ideal air filtering material. At present, the main method for preparing the nanofiber is electrostatic spinning, but the high-voltage electrostatic field is needed, the production efficiency is low, and the large-scale industrialization of the nanofiber is limited. Compared with the electrostatic spinning technology, the solution jet spinning method stretches the polymer solution by taking high-speed air flow as driving force, so that the micro-nano fiber is obtained, a high-voltage electric field is not needed, the equipment operation is simple, the cost is low, the production operation is flexible, the production efficiency is high, and the method is more suitable for large-scale industrial production.
CN108993167B discloses a preparation and application of an antibacterial electrostatic spinning nanofiber air filtering material, the method uniformly mixes polyvinyl alcohol and chitosan to spin as an innermost layer and an outermost layer nanofiber membrane, plays an auxiliary antibacterial and mechanical supporting role, the middle layer is formed by mixing polyvinyl alcohol and vinylamine-co-3-allyl-5, 5-dimethyl hydantoin to spin, plays an antibacterial role, and finally, the three-layer nanofiber membrane after spinning is placed in glutaraldehyde steam to carry out crosslinking treatment, so that the final antibacterial air filtering material is obtained. The method only uses the antibacterial effect of the fiber, and performs sterilization and bacteriostasis through physical filtration, does not use the electrostatic adsorption effect, and the wearing comfort is reduced due to the fact that the three-layer nanofiber composite structure generates larger pressure drop. In general, the existing nanofiber antibacterial air filter material is complex in preparation, difficult to apply in industrialization, poor in antibacterial and antiviral effects, incapable of considering antibacterial and antiviral effects and electrostatic filter effects, poor in wearing comfort and the like.
Studies have shown that metal nanoparticles are resistant to viruses, primarily by virtue of their released metal ions forming complexes with electron donor groups such as sulfur, oxygen or nitrogen on nucleic acids and amino acids, or directly binding RNA or DNA molecules, to reduce the transcription rate of retroviruses or proviruses. Therefore, how to keep the metal nanoparticles releasing metal ions for a long time is a key to ensure that the material has high-efficiency antiviral activity. In the metal alloy material, galvanic reaction can be formed between metals with different electrode potentials, and the release of metal ions can be effectively promoted while electric stimulation is generated. The research shows that the electric stimulation, metal ions, active oxygen substances, pH change near the electrode and the like generated by the metal galvanic couple reaction can cooperatively play roles in multiple mechanisms, and have strong antibacterial and antiviral functions.
CN111729402a discloses an electroactive air filter material and a preparation method thereof, wherein a layer of oxidation material is sputtered on one surface of a polymer fiber filter substrate, and a layer of reduction material is sputtered on the other surface of the polymer fiber filter substrate. The two are formed into a micro-battery, and the micro-battery can trigger oxidation-reduction reaction after contacting with water to generate self-sustained discharge, thereby playing a role in electrostatic adsorption and filtration of particles, bacteria and viruses, and generating Ag by electric stimulation and electric stimulation + 、Zn 2+ Active oxygen species against bacteria,The virus plays a role in inhibiting. However, this method has a problem that the metal electrode coating is formed on the surface of the filter material, resulting in poor fastness and durability. In addition, the metal electrode coating is respectively distributed on two surfaces of the filter material, so that the contact rate is low, and the problems of low efficiency of couple discharge reaction, poor controllability of metal ion release and the like are caused. In addition, the method requires special sputtering equipment, consumes long time, has low target utilization rate and leads to high production cost.
The existing electroactive air filtration materials mainly have the following problems:
1. the electret fiber air filter material has extremely easy charge attenuation, especially in a high-humidity environment, serious charge loss, obviously reduced bacterial and virus interception effect, poor durability and incapability of being stored as strategic materials for a long time.
2. Most of the piezoelectric nanofiber filter materials used at present are lead-based piezoelectric ceramics, contain toxic substances and have potential harm to human bodies and natural environments; the filtering performance of the piezoelectric nanofiber filter material is easily affected by mechanical deformation, and when the mechanical deformation is small, less electric charge is generated, so that the filtering interception performance is unstable.
3. The prior reported micro-battery filter material mainly adopts a sputtering and printing method to plate electrodes or add antibacterial particles on the surface of the material, the electrodes are large in size, the effective contact area between different metal electrodes is small, micro-nano scale electrode pairs cannot be formed, the electric field distribution area is uneven, and the efficient effect of galvanic couple reaction is not facilitated; the printed or sputtered metal micro-battery array has the problems of low utilization rate of metal electrode powder, high cost, incomplete discharge reaction, chemical toxicity and the like caused by printing adhesive, and has adverse effect on the biological safety of materials.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the nanofiber electroactive air filter material, the mask and the preparation method thereof are provided, the nanofiber electroactive air filter material and the mask can trigger autonomous and continuous discharge reaction after contacting water, and the generated electric stimulation can enhance the electrostatic adsorption effect and improve the efficiency of filtering particles, bacteria and viruses. Meanwhile, the electric stimulation and active substances generated by the discharge reaction can further inhibit the proliferation of bacteria and viruses, and have good biological safety.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the nanofiber electroactive air filtering material is prepared by a solution air spinning process and comprises a fiber substrate, wherein metal electrodes with different electrode potentials are loaded on the fiber surface and/or the inside of the fiber substrate, and after the metal electrodes are contacted with water, galvanic reaction is initiated to generate continuous autonomous electrical stimulation, so that the electrostatic adsorption filtering effect is improved, and the activities of bacteria and viruses are inhibited by the electrical stimulation generated by the discharge reaction, metal ions, active oxygen and the like.
The nanofiber electroactive air filter material can be of a monofilament structure, a parallel structure or a sheath-core structure, wherein the fibers containing metal electrodes with different electrode potentials.
The nanofiber electroactive air filter material is characterized in that the metal electrode is micro-nano metal particles, the particle size is between 1 and 1000nm, and the potential difference of different micro-nano metal particles is larger than 0.3V.
The nanofiber electroactive air filtration material described above, the micro-nano metal particles were Ca, al, mg, ti, zn, fe, cu, ag.
The preparation method of the nanofiber electroactive air filter material comprises the following steps:
(1) Respectively dissolving two metal micro-nano particles in a polymer solution with the solute concentration of 2.5-25%, and adding a dispersing agent to obtain two polymer spinning solutions containing different metal particles;
(2) Stirring the solution for 6-20 hours at room temperature to obtain uniform spinning solution and carrying out defoaming treatment;
(3) And spinning the solution through a single spinning hole or a parallel spinning hole or a sheath-core structure spinning hole drawn by high-pressure air flow at a certain speed to obtain the electroactive air filter material of the monofilament structure or the parallel structure or the sheath-core structure fiber.
In the preparation method of the nanofiber electroactive air filter material, in the step (3), the jet flow of the spinneret solution is 20-500 mu L/min, the included angle between the high-speed jet airflow and the jet spinning solution is 10-60 degrees, the pressure of the high-speed airflow is 0.05-2MPa, the jet distance is 5-80cm, the humidity is controlled below 50%, and the atmosphere used for spinning is air.
According to the preparation method of the nanofiber electroactive air filter material, the mass fraction of the metal micro-nano particles in the step (1) is between 0.5 and 20 percent of the mass of the polymer solute.
In the preparation method of the nanofiber electroactive air filtration material, the solute of the polymer spinning solution in the step (1) may be polyamide, polyvinylidene fluoride, polystyrene, polyvinyl acetal Ding Quanzhi, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyacrylonitrile, polyurethane, polyetherimide, polyarylene sulfide sulfone, polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, polybutylene succinate, polyhydroxyalkanoate, polybutylene adipate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, cellulose acetate, chitosan and sodium alginate, singly or in any combination.
In the preparation method of the nanofiber electroactive air filter material, the dispersing agent in the step (1) can be sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and polyvinylpyrrolidone, and the mass ratio of the dispersing agent to the solute is 0.01:1-0.1:1.
A mask comprises the nanofiber electroactive air filter material as a core filter layer.
The nanofiber electroactive air filter material, the mask and the preparation method thereof have the beneficial effects that:
(1) The micro-nano scale metal electrode particles with different electrode potentials are loaded in the nanofiber, so that the loading fastness of the nanoparticle is improved, the adjacent metal electrodes can form efficient galvanic reaction in the wet environment generated by human respiration, electric stimulation is generated, controllable release of the wet feeling of metal ions is realized, and the antibacterial and antiviral effects are higher and more durable.
(2) The rheological property of the spinning solution can be controlled by regulating and controlling the type and concentration of the polymer spinning solution, the type and content of the metal nano particles and the like, and the fineness, the crimping degree and the like of the fiber can be controlled by combining the spinning hole structure, the spraying speed of the spinning solution, the air flow strength, the included angle and the like, so that high filtration efficiency and low filtration resistance are realized.
(3) When the prepared electroactive fiber is used as an air filtering material, moisture generated by human respiration can activate an electrostimulation reaction, so that the electrostatic adsorption effect is enhanced, and the filtering efficiency of tiny particles, bacteria and viruses is improved; the electric stimulation, metal ions, active oxygen and the like generated by the metal micro-couple reaction have synergistic antibacterial and antiviral effects, and the antibacterial and antiviral properties can be regulated and controlled by changing the types and the contents of different metal nano-particles and the size of potential difference.
(4) Compared with a printing or sputtering process, the electroactive nanofiber air filter material prepared by the method has the advantages of remarkably reduced metal particle consumption, good biosafety, simple solution jet spinning preparation process, easiness in industrial production and wide social benefit and economic value.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
The fiber-based electrostatic spinning solution is prepared by a solution air spinning process, comprises a fiber substrate, wherein metal electrodes with different electrode potentials are loaded on the surface and/or the inside of the fiber substrate, and after the metal electrodes are contacted with moisture, galvanic reaction is initiated to generate continuous and autonomous electrical stimulation, so that electrostatic adsorption filtration effect is improved, and the activities of bacteria and viruses are inhibited by the electrical stimulation generated by discharge reaction, metal ions, active oxygen and the like. The contact angle of the fiber base material is 5-90 degrees.
The fibers containing the metal electrodes of different electrode potentials can be of a monofilament structure, a side-by-side structure or a sheath-core structure. The metal micro-nano particles with different electrode potentials can be respectively distributed in different single fibers, two fibers of the parallel structure fibers and the skin layer and the core layer of the skin-core fiber are in parallel structure or skin-core structure, so that the contact rate of the nano metal particles with different electrode potentials is higher, and the galvanic reaction efficiency is higher.
The metal electrode is micro-nano metal particles, the particle size is 1nm, and the potential difference of different micro-nano metal particles is more than 0.3V. The micro-nano metal particles are Ca, al, mg, ti, zn, fe, cu, ag, and take Cu/Zn micro-nano particle couple as an example, the reaction formula is as follows:
1/2O 2 (g)+2H 2 O+2e - →2OH -
Zn+2OH - →ZnO+H 2 O
the preparation method of the nanofiber electroactive air filter material comprises the following steps:
(1) Respectively dissolving two metal micro-nano particles in a polymer solution with the solute concentration of 2.5-25%, and adding a dispersing agent to obtain two polymer spinning solutions containing different metal particles;
(2) Stirring the solution for 6 hours at room temperature to obtain uniform spinning solution and carrying out defoaming treatment;
(3) And spinning the solution through a single spinning hole or a parallel spinning hole or a sheath-core structure spinning hole drawn by high-pressure air flow at a certain speed to obtain the electroactive air filter material of the monofilament structure or the parallel structure or the sheath-core structure fiber.
In the step (3), the jet flow of the spinning hole solution is 20 mu L/min, the included angle between the high-speed jet air flow and the jet spinning liquid flow is 10 degrees, the pressure of the high-speed air flow is 0.05MPa, the jet distance is 5cm, the humidity is controlled below 50%, and the atmosphere used for spinning is air.
The fiber receiving device is one of a flat plate, a disc and a roller, and can also introduce an electric field and a magnetic field for auxiliary receiving.
The mass fraction of the metal micro-nano particles in the step (1) is 0.5% of the mass of the polymer solute.
The solute of the polymer spinning solution in the step (1) can be single or any combination of polyamide, polyvinylidene fluoride, polystyrene, polyvinyl alcohol Ding Quanzhi, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyacrylonitrile, polyurethane, polyetherimide, polyarylene sulfide sulfone, polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, polybutylene succinate, polyhydroxyalkanoate, polybutylene adipate terephthalate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, cellulose acetate, chitosan and sodium alginate.
The dispersing agent in the step (1) can be sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate or polyvinylpyrrolidone, and the mass ratio of the dispersing agent to the solute is 0.01:1.
The controllable release of metal ions is realized by regulating and controlling the types, the addition amount and the nanofiber structure of the micro-nano metal particles.
Taking a copper/zinc loaded galvanic nanofiber as an example, the relevant reactions are as follows:
the Cu and Zn electrodes undergo the following electrochemical reactions:
positive (negative) electrode: o (O) 2 +2H 2 O+4e - →4OH -
Negative (positive) electrode: zn-Zn 2+ +2e -
Total reaction: 2Zn+O 2 +2H 2 O→2Zn(OH) 2
A mask comprises the nanofiber electroactive air filter material as a core filter layer. When the invention is used for air filtration, particularly used as a mask filter material, moisture generated by human breath can activate an electric stimulation reaction, enhance electrostatic adsorption effect and improve filtration efficiency on tiny particles, bacteria and viruses; the electric stimulation, metal ions, active oxygen and the like generated by the metal micro-couple reaction have synergistic antibacterial and antiviral effects, and the antibacterial and antiviral properties can be regulated and controlled by changing the types and the contents of different metal nano-particles and the size of potential difference.
Example 2
The embodiment is the same as embodiment 1, and is not described in detail, but the difference is that: the preparation method of the nanofiber electroactive air filter material comprises the following steps:
(1) Respectively dissolving two metal micro-nano particles in a polymer solution with the solute concentration of 10%, and adding a dispersing agent to obtain two polymer spinning solutions containing different metal particles; the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the
(2) Stirring the solution for 8 hours at room temperature to obtain uniform spinning solution and carrying out defoaming treatment;
(3) And spinning the solution through a single spinning hole, a parallel spinning hole or a spinning hole with a sheath-core structure by high-pressure air draft at a certain speed to obtain the electroactive air filter material of the monofilament structure or the fiber with the parallel two-component structure or the sheath-core structure.
In the step (3), the jet flow of the spinning hole solution is 100 mu L/min, the included angle between the high-speed jet air flow and the jet spinning liquid flow is 50 degrees, the pressure of the high-speed air flow is 1MPa, the jet distance is 60cm, the humidity is controlled below 50%, and the atmosphere used for spinning is air.
The mass fraction of the metal micro-nano particles in the step (1) is 8% of the mass of the polymer solute.
The metal electrode is micro-nano metal particles with the particle size of 500nm.
The dispersing agent in the step (1) can be sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate or polyvinylpyrrolidone, and the mass ratio of the dispersing agent to the solute is 0.05:1.
Example 3
The embodiment is the same as embodiment 1, and is not described in detail, but the difference is that: the preparation method of the nanofiber electroactive air filter material comprises the following steps:
the preparation method of the nanofiber electroactive air filter material comprises the following steps:
(1) Respectively dissolving two metal micro-nano particles in a polymer solution with a solute concentration of 25%, and adding a dispersing agent to obtain two polymer spinning solutions containing different metal particles;
(2) Stirring the solution for 20 hours at room temperature to obtain uniform spinning solution and carrying out defoaming treatment;
(3) And spinning the solution through a single spinning hole, a parallel spinning hole or a spinning hole with a sheath-core structure by high-pressure air draft at a certain speed to obtain the electroactive air filter material of the monofilament structure or the fiber with the parallel two-component structure or the sheath-core structure.
In the step (3), the jet flow of the spinning hole solution is 500 mu L/min, the included angle between the high-speed jet air flow and the jet spinning liquid flow is 60 degrees, the pressure of the high-speed air flow is 2MPa, the jet distance is 80cm, the humidity is controlled below 50%, and the atmosphere used for spinning is air.
The mass fraction of the metal micro-nano particles in the step (1) is 20% of the mass of the polymer solute.
The metal electrode is micro-nano metal particles with the particle size of 1000nm.
The dispersing agent in the step (1) can be sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate or polyvinylpyrrolidone, and the mass ratio of the dispersing agent to the solute is 0.1:1.
Table 1 shows that the filtration performance, antibacterial performance and antiviral performance of the electroactive filter materials prepared in examples 1-3 are significantly improved and have good biosafety compared to commercial meltblowing, as can be seen from Table 1, along with the commercial meltblowing, the filtration performance, pressure drop, antibacterial rate, TCDI50 value and cell activity value of examples 1-3.
TABLE 1
Of course, the above description is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed, but the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, as variations, modifications, additions or substitutions within the spirit and scope of the invention will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art.
Claims (10)
1. A nanofiber electro-active air filtration material characterized in that: the fiber-based electrostatic spinning solution is prepared by a solution air spinning process, comprises a fiber substrate, wherein metal electrodes with different electrode potentials are loaded on the surface and/or the inside of the fiber substrate, and after the metal electrodes are contacted with moisture, galvanic reaction is initiated to generate continuous and autonomous electrical stimulation, so that electrostatic adsorption filtration effect is improved, and the activities of bacteria and viruses are inhibited by the electrical stimulation generated by discharge reaction, metal ions, active oxygen and the like.
2. The nanofiber electroactive air filter material of claim 1, wherein the fibers comprising metal electrodes of different electrode potentials can be of monofilament, side-by-side or sheath-core construction.
3. The nanofiber electroactive air filtration material of claim 2, wherein the metal electrode is a micro-nano metal particle having a particle size between 1-1000nm and the potential difference between different micro-nano metal particles contained is greater than 0.3V.
4. The nanofiber electroactive air filter material of claim 3, wherein the micro-nano metal particles are Ca, al, mg, ti, zn, fe, cu, ag.
5. A method of preparing a nanofiber electro-active air filtration material according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Respectively dissolving two metal micro-nano particles in a polymer solution with the solute concentration of 2.5-25%, and adding a dispersing agent to obtain two polymer spinning solutions containing different metal particles;
(2) Stirring the solution for 6-20 hours at room temperature to obtain uniform spinning solution and carrying out defoaming treatment;
(3) And spinning the solution through a single spinning hole or a parallel spinning hole or a sheath-core structure spinning hole drawn by high-pressure air flow at a certain speed to obtain the electroactive air filter material of the monofilament structure or the parallel structure or the sheath-core structure fiber.
6. The method for preparing an electroactive nanofiber air filter according to claim 5, wherein in the step (3), the jet flow rate of the spinning hole solution is 20-500 μl/min, the included angle between the high-speed jet air flow and the jet spinning liquid flow is 10-60 °, the pressure of the high-speed air flow is 0.05-2MPa, the jet distance is 5-80cm, the humidity is controlled below 50%, and the atmosphere used for spinning is air.
7. The method of preparing an electroactive nanofiber air filter according to claim 6, wherein the mass fraction of metal micro-nano particles in step (1) is between 0.5% and 20% of the mass of the polymer solute.
8. The method of preparing an electroactive nanofiber air filter according to claim 7, wherein the solute of the polymer spinning solution in step (1) is a single or any combination of polyamide, polyvinylidene fluoride, polystyrene, polyvinyl acetal Ding Quanzhi, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyacrylonitrile, polyurethane, polyetherimide, polyarylene sulfide sulfone, polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, polybutylene succinate, polyhydroxyalkanoate, polybutylene adipate terephthalate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, cellulose acetate, chitosan, and sodium alginate.
9. The method of preparing an electroactive nanofiber air filter according to claim 8, wherein the dispersant in step (1) is sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate or polyvinylpyrrolidone, and the mass ratio of the dispersant to the solute is 0.01:1-0.1:1.
10. A mask, characterized in that: the mask comprises the nanofiber electroactive air filter material serving as a core filter layer.
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