CN117267281A - Electromechanical brake - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides an electromechanical brake. The electromechanical brake includes: braking the motor; a main shaft in driving connection with the brake motor, and a ratchet wheel provided on the main shaft to rotate together with the main shaft; and a locking device, the locking device comprising: a moving member including at least one axially projecting portion, the moving member being axially movable between a rest position in which the projecting portion of the moving member is spaced apart from the ratchet wheel, and an operating position in which the projecting portion is caught in a gap between ratchet teeth of the ratchet wheel; and an actuating member that causes the mover to move from the rest position to the working position, and a return member that causes the mover to return from the working position to the rest position. The electromechanical brake according to the embodiment of the invention occupies smaller space and is more compact.

Description

Electromechanical brake

Technical Field

The present invention relates to the field of vehicle braking devices, and more particularly to electromechanical brakes integrated with locking devices.

Background

The electromechanical brake is a device for realizing braking by driving the brake caliper through the motor, and has the advantages of quick response, simple structure, convenient maintenance and the like compared with the traditional hydraulic pipeline braking. With the development of electric and intelligent vehicles, the electromechanical brake is easier to integrate with an electric control system, and becomes a development trend of a braking system. Since the electromechanical brake is provided inside the vehicle hub, how to compromise compactness and functionality is a challenge in the design of the electromechanical brake.

In a conventional hydraulic brake system, the hydraulic pressure in a brake cylinder is maintained by a hand brake or a foot brake, thereby realizing a parking brake. For electromechanical brakes, in order to achieve a parking brake function, a parking lock device is often provided, for example, to lock the brake by interfering with the transmission mechanism with a pin driven by an electromagnetic actuator, however, such systems require that the electromagnetic actuator be kept energized while the vehicle is parked, and may cause a brake parking failure when the electromagnetic actuator fails.

Disclosure of Invention

The object of the present application is to solve or at least alleviate the problems of the prior art.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an electromechanical brake including:

braking the motor;

a main shaft in driving connection with the brake motor and a ratchet wheel arranged on the main shaft to rotate together with the main shaft, wherein the main shaft is driven by the brake motor to rotate along a first direction so as to drive the brake caliper module to execute braking operation; and

a locking device, the locking device comprising:

a moving member including at least one axially projecting portion, the moving member being axially movable between a rest position in which the projecting portion of the moving member is spaced apart from the ratchet wheel, and an operating position in which the projecting portion is caught in a gap between ratchet teeth of the ratchet wheel; and

an actuating member that urges the mover from the rest position to the working position, and a return member that urges the mover from the working position back to the rest position.

Optionally, in an embodiment of the electromechanical brake, the moving member is substantially disc-shaped and is arranged concentrically with the ratchet wheel.

Optionally, in an embodiment of the electromechanical brake, the moving member includes a plurality of circumferentially distributed protrusions.

Optionally, in an embodiment of the electromechanical brake, the projection is generally cylindrical and includes a tapered leading end and a constriction, the constriction of the projection engaging the ratchet teeth of the ratchet wheel in the operative position.

Optionally, in an embodiment of the electromechanical brake, the spindle includes opposite front and rear ends, the front end of the spindle is coupled to a brake caliper module, and the ratchet is connected to the rear end of the spindle, and optionally, in an embodiment of the electromechanical brake, the worm gear is fixedly disposed between the front and rear ends of the spindle.

Optionally, in an embodiment of the electromechanical brake, an output shaft of the brake motor intersects the spindle and is configured as a worm intermeshed with a worm wheel on the spindle.

Optionally, in an embodiment of the electromechanical brake, the ratchet comprises a ratchet hub extending axially towards the worm wheel, the ratchet hub being directly sleeved on the spindle, or the worm wheel comprises a worm wheel hub directly sleeved on the spindle, the ratchet hub being sleeved on the worm wheel hub.

Optionally, in an embodiment of the electromechanical brake, the electromechanical brake includes: the brake system comprises a brake motor, a main module, a brake caliper module and an electronic control unit, wherein the main module comprises a main shell and an end cover, a first end of the main shell is connected to the brake caliper module, and a second end, opposite to the first end, of the main shell is closed by the end cover.

Optionally, in an embodiment of the electromechanical brake, the locking means is integrated on the end cap.

Optionally, in an embodiment of the electromechanical brake, the end cap comprises a spindle extending in an axial direction, the spindle of the end cap being coaxial with the spindle when assembled to the main housing, the moving member being sleeved on and movable along the spindle, the spindle being provided with an anti-rotation feature which cooperates with the moving member to prevent rotation of the moving member about the spindle.

Optionally, in an embodiment of the electromechanical brake, the actuating member includes an electromagnet disposed on the end cap and a permanent magnet disposed on the mover, the electromagnet applying a repulsive force to the permanent magnet when energized to urge the mover toward the working position.

Optionally, in an embodiment of the electromechanical brake, an end of the spindle is provided with a stop ring, and the return member is a spring provided between the stop ring and the moving member.

Optionally, in an embodiment of the electromechanical brake, the moving member includes:

an edge portion of a radially outermost ring, the projection being configured as a lock pin connected to the edge portion, the lock pin including a leading end guide portion and a constricted portion;

a transition portion radially inward of the rim portion and axially protruding toward the end cap, the permanent magnet being an annular permanent magnet attached to a side of the transition portion facing away from the end cap, the electromagnet being configured in an annular shape and being substantially aligned with the permanent magnet;

an inner ring radially inward of the transition and further axially protruding toward the end cap, the inner ring extending to the inside of the electromagnet, the spring being disposed between the inner ring of the moving member and a stop ring on the end cap; and

and the inner ring of the hub is sleeved on the mandrel and is matched with the anti-rotation feature of the mandrel, so that the moving piece is prevented from rotating around the mandrel.

Optionally, in an embodiment of the electromechanical brake, the brake motor and the electronic control unit are connected to the main housing from opposite sides of the main housing, an output shaft of the brake motor extends through the main housing to the electronic control unit, and an end of the output shaft of the brake motor is provided with a position sensor, the electronic control unit being electrically connected with the brake motor and an actuating member of the locking device.

Optionally, in an embodiment of the electromechanical brake, the actuating member is an electromagnetic actuator, and the moving member is fixedly connected to an armature of the electromagnetic actuator, thereby being driven by the electromagnetic actuator to move from the rest position to the working position.

Optionally, in an embodiment of the electromechanical brake, the electromagnetic actuator includes:

a housing including opposed first and second ends;

an end cap at the first end of the housing, the end cap including an extension extending toward the second end, and the end cap including a first channel;

a second passage at the second end of the housing, the armature being movably disposed in the second passage;

a coil in the housing surrounding the extension of the end cap and/or the armature.

Optionally, in an embodiment of the electromechanical brake, the first channel is designed with an anti-rotation feature that cooperates with the moving member such that the moving member can only move back and forth and cannot rotate.

Optionally, in an embodiment of the electromechanical brake, the moving member is connected to the armature through a first passage of the end cap.

Optionally, in an embodiment of the electromechanical brake, the housing, the end cap, and the armature are made of magnetically permeable material, and a portion of the moving member extending into the housing is made of magnetically non-permeable material.

Optionally, in an embodiment of the electromechanical brake, the return member is a spring disposed between the end cap and the armature.

Optionally, in an embodiment of the electromechanical brake, the extension of the end cap is less than 10mm from the armature when the coil is not energized.

Optionally, in an embodiment of the electromechanical brake, the extension of the end cap engages the armature when the coil is energized.

The electromechanical brake according to the embodiment of the invention occupies smaller space and is more compact.

Drawings

The disclosure of the present application will become more readily understood with reference to the accompanying drawings. As will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art: these drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application. Moreover, like numerals in the figures are used to designate like parts, wherein:

FIG. 1 illustrates an exploded view of an electromechanical brake assembled to a hub in accordance with an embodiment;

fig. 2 shows a perspective view of an electromechanical brake according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 3 shows an exploded view of an electromechanical brake according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of an electromechanical brake according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 5 shows a perspective view of an end cap and a locking device according to a first embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 6 shows an exploded view of the end cap and locking device according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 7 shows a perspective view of an end cap according to a first embodiment of the invention;

fig. 8 shows a perspective view of a mover according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 9 shows a perspective view of a projection of a moving member according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10 shows a perspective view of a ratchet according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 11 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an electromechanical brake according to the present invention;

fig. 12 and 13 show a sectional view of the locking device according to the first embodiment of the invention in an idle state and in an operating state, respectively;

fig. 14 shows an exploded view of an electromechanical brake according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 15 shows a perspective view of another view of the electromechanical brake according to the first embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 16 is a view showing an internal structural view of an electromechanical brake according to a second embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 17 and 18 show a sectional view of a locking device according to a second embodiment of the invention in an idle state and in an operating state, respectively; and

fig. 19 and 20 show magnetomotive force and magnetic field distribution, respectively, when the electromagnetic actuator of the locking device according to the second embodiment of the present invention is energized.

Detailed Description

Fig. 1 shows an installation diagram of an electromechanical brake, in which a spindle 91, a damper 92, a bearing 94, a knuckle arm 93, a brake disc 95 and wheels 96 are shown, and an electromechanical brake 100 according to an embodiment, which is driven by a motor to clamp the brake disc 95 with a brake caliper to provide braking force. The electromechanical brake 100 is mounted on the knuckle arm 93 at the time of assembly while the electromechanical brake 100 is accommodated in a compact space inside the hub of the wheel 96, so that there is a strict limitation on the volume of the electromechanical brake 100 itself.

An electromechanical brake 100 according to a first embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to fig. 2 to 15. The electromechanical brake 100 is of modular design and generally comprises a brake motor 1, a main module 3, a brake caliper module 5 and an electronic control unit 4 (only the back plate 40 of the electronic control unit 4 is shown in fig. 3). The main module 3 accommodates therein a main shaft 301 coupled to the brake motor 1. The direction in which the spindle 301 is located is defined herein as the axial direction. The main shaft 301 is rotated in a first direction by the brake motor 1 to drive the brake caliper module 5 to perform a braking operation, i.e., friction with the brake disc 95, wherein a ratchet 33 is fixedly provided on the main shaft 301.

Referring to fig. 4, the spindle 301 includes a front end 302 and a rear end 303. The front end 302 of the spindle 301, i.e. the end closest to the brake caliper module 5, constitutes the lead screw of the ball screw nut mechanism 304 and the ratchet 33 is arranged at the rear end 303 of the spindle 301, i.e. the end remote from the brake caliper module 5. A worm gear 32 may be provided between the front and rear ends of the main shaft 301 to receive torque from the brake motor 1. At least a portion of the output shaft 11 of the brake motor 1, which is oriented to intersect the axial direction of the spindle and which meshes with the worm wheel 32 to transmit torque, may be configured as a worm. The spindle 301 is rotated in a first direction by the brake motor 1 and drives the plunger 305 to move by means of the ball screw nut mechanism 304 so that the brake caliper module 5 clamps the brake disc 95 to perform a braking function.

On the other hand, a locking device 8 is provided to cooperate with the ratchet 33 to act as a parking brake. The locking device 8 includes: the moving member 81, the moving member 81 including at least one axially protruding portion 85, the moving member 81 being axially movable between an idle position shown in fig. 12 and an operating position shown in fig. 13. In the rest position, the projections 85 of the mobile 81 are separated from the ratchet 33, in the working position, the projections 85 snap into the gaps 333 (most clearly shown in fig. 10) between the ratchet teeth 330 of the ratchet 33; and an urging member urging the mover 81 from the rest position to the working position and a return member urging the mover 81 from the working position to the rest position.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 4, the spindle 301 includes opposite front and rear ends 302, 303. The front end 302 of the spindle is coupled to the brake caliper module 5, for example by a lead screw nut mechanism and a plunger 305. In some embodiments, ratchet 33 is connected to rear end 303 of main shaft 301. In some embodiments, the output shaft of the brake motor 1 intersects the axial direction and is configured as a worm that meshes with a worm wheel 32 on the spindle 301. With this arrangement, the rotation of the brake motor 1 is converted into the rotation of the main shaft 301 through the transmission of the worm gear mechanism.

In some embodiments, the ratchet 33 may be directly fixed to the spindle 301, and in alternative embodiments, the ratchet 33 may be fixed to the worm gear 32 to further reduce the axial dimension. In some embodiments, worm gear 32 is fixedly disposed between front end 302 and rear end 303 of main shaft 301 and abuts ratchet 33. In some embodiments, as best shown in fig. 10, the ratchet 33 includes a plate-like ratchet body 331 and an axially extending ratchet hub 332 radially inward of the ratchet body 331. The ratchet teeth 330 are at the outer circumference of the ratchet body 331 with a gap 333 between adjacent ratchet teeth 330. On the other hand, the worm wheel 32 includes a worm wheel hub 321. As can be seen in fig. 11, the worm wheel hub 321 is directly sleeved on the rear end 303 of the main shaft 301, and the ratchet wheel hub 332 is sleeved on the worm wheel hub 321, for example, the worm wheel hub 321 and the ratchet wheel hub 332 can be installed by adopting a hot sleeve or interference fit process, and are overlapped in the axial direction to save axial space.

Referring to fig. 9, a specific structure of the moving member 81 is shown. In some embodiments, the moving member 81 is generally disc-shaped and is disposed concentric with the ratchet 33. In some embodiments, the mover 81 includes a plurality of circumferentially distributed projections 85, such as eight projections 85 in the illustrated embodiment. The projection 85 may be integrally formed with the mover 81, but in some embodiments the projection 85 may be a latch pin mounted to the mover 81 as shown in fig. 9. In some embodiments, the locking pin is generally cylindrical and includes a constriction 851 that engages the ratchet teeth. In some embodiments, a front end guide 852 is provided at the front side of the constriction 851, the front end guide 852 having a tapered surface to guide the interlocking of the protrusion 85 with the ratchet 330. In addition, the locking pin may include a staking area 853 and a base 850, the locking pin being staked to the moving member 81 via the staking area 853, the base 850 providing support, positioning, etc. to facilitate the staking of the locking pin.

In some embodiments, the main module 3 includes a main housing 31 and an end cap 39, and a space between the main housing 31 and the end cap 39 accommodates the main shaft 301, the ratchet 33, the worm wheel 32, the locking device 8, and the like. The first end of the main housing 31 is connected to the brake caliper module 5 and a second end of the main housing 31 opposite the first end (i.e. the end remote from the brake caliper module 5) is closed by an end cap 39. As best shown in fig. 3 and 14, the second end of the main housing 31 may have a cylindrical port 310, and the end cap 39 integrated with the locking device 8 may then be mounted to the port 310 of the second end of the main housing 31 and thereby enclose the main module 3. A seal 69 may also be provided between the main housing 31 and the end cap 39.

The specific construction of the end cap 39 is shown in fig. 7. The end cap 39 comprises a disc-shaped end cap body 390 with an axially extending central spindle 391 in the end cap body 390, which spindle 391 may have an anti-rotation shape, such as a square, pentagonal or hexagonal column. The end of the mandrel 391 may have a cylindrical end section 393. The mandrel 391 of the end cap is coaxial with the spindle in the main housing 31 when assembled, and the end section 393 of the mandrel 391 is insertable into the bore of the second end 303 of the spindle when assembled. At this end section 393 a groove 3931 is provided for arranging the snap ring 62 and thereby positioning the stop ring 61, the stop ring 61 being located between the snap ring 62 and the spindle 391.

With continued reference to fig. 8, the mover 81 includes a hub 814 that mates with the shape of the mandrel 391, such as a hexagonal hub 814. The hub 814 of the moving member 81 is slidably fitted over the spindle 391 of the end cap 39 having an anti-rotation shape or feature, thereby being slidably movable over the spindle 391 between an idle position and an operating position without being rotatable about said spindle 391. In some embodiments, referring to fig. 8 and 12, the mover 81 is generally stepped and includes a radially outermost rim portion 811, a transition portion 812 radially inward and axially protruding toward the end cap, and an inner rim 813 radially inward and further axially protruding toward the end cap of the transition portion 812. In some embodiments, the projection 85 is configured as a staple that is connected to the edge portion 811. In some embodiments, the actuating member includes an electromagnet 82 disposed on the end cap 39 and a permanent magnet 89 disposed on the mover 81, the electromagnet 82 applying a repulsive force to the permanent magnet 89 when energized to urge the mover 81 to move toward the working position. In some embodiments, the electromagnet 82 is annular and is disposed on a support frame 392 of the end cap 39, the support frame 392 being annular, for example. On the other hand, the permanent magnet 89 is arranged on the side of the transition 812 of the displacement member 81 facing away from the end cap. In some embodiments, the permanent magnet 89 is annular and is substantially aligned with the electromagnet 82 in the axial direction. In some embodiments, inner ring 813 of mover 81 extends radially inward of electromagnet 82, thereby further reducing the axial dimension. In some embodiments, the return member is a spring 83 disposed between the stop ring 61 at the end of the spindle and the mover 81, the spring 83 being disposed, for example, between the inner ring 813 of the mover and the stop ring 61 on the end cap.

In some embodiments, the brake motor 1 and the electronic control unit 4 are connected to the main housing 31 from opposite sides of the main housing 31. As shown in fig. 15, the output shaft of the brake motor 1 passes through the main housing 31 and extends out, and an end of the output shaft of the brake motor 1 may be provided with a position sensor 68. Although not shown, the position of the output shaft can be detected when the electronic control unit 4 is mounted to the end face. The electronic control unit 4 is electrically coupled to an actuating member of the locking member 8, such as the electromagnet 82, via the port 86 when installed, and furthermore, the electronic control unit 4 is electrically coupled to the brake motor 1 via the port 67 when installed.

The operation of the electromechanical brake according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to fig. 12 to 13. In a normal braking operation, the output shaft of the brake motor 1 rotates, and the spindle 31 is rotated in the first direction by the worm gear mechanism, the ratchet wheel 33 rotates together with the spindle 301, and the moving member 81 is axially spaced from the ratchet wheel 33 in the rest position, so that the braking is not affected. As described above, the operations of the brake motor 1 and the electromagnet 82 are controlled by the electronic control unit 4. As shown in fig. 4, the brake motor 1 and the electromagnet 82 are connected to the electronic control unit 4. In the parking brake control, upon receiving the parking brake signal, the electronic control unit 4 controls the brake motor 1 to rotate the main shaft 301 in the first direction to thereby drive the brake caliper module 5 to establish a predetermined brake torque even if the brake caliper clamps the brake disc 95. Subsequently, the electronic control unit 4 energizes the electromagnet 82, at which time the electromagnet 82 will generate a repulsive force against the permanent magnet 89, thereby driving the moving member 81 to move in an axial direction away from the end cover, i.e., axially leftward from the position of fig. 12 to the position shown in fig. 13. Of course, at this time, the projections 85 on the movable member 81 are not necessarily aligned with the gaps 333 between the ratchet teeth 330 of the ratchet 33, and the brake motor 1 is controlled to be then slowly rotated in the second direction (for example, the position of one tooth) so that the projections 85 of the movable member slide into the gaps 333 of the ratchet teeth 330 by the axial pushing force, thereby achieving the interlocked position shown in fig. 13. At this time, both the electromagnet 82 and the brake motor 1 may be deenergized. At this time, although the ratchet 33 has a tendency to rotate in a second direction opposite to the first direction, the moving member 81 has a tendency to return to the rest position by the spring 83, the ratchet 33 is prevented from rotating by the circumferential force of the contracting portion 851 of the projecting portion 85 to the ratchet, and the moving member 81 is prevented from returning to the rest position by the axial force of the ratchet to the projecting portion 85, thereby achieving the interlocking. Thus, the brake caliper module 5 is still able to maintain brake torque even if the brake motor 1 and the electromagnet 82 are de-energized, which eliminates the need for the electromagnet 82 to remain energized during parking brake conditions of the vehicle, thereby reducing the risk of damage to the electromagnet 82 from prolonged operation. When it is necessary to restart the vehicle, only the brake motor 1 needs to be controlled to rotate slowly, the ratchet 33 will rotate slowly in the first direction, and when the protruding portion of the moving member 81 is aligned with the gap of the ratchet, the moving member 81 will return to the rest position under the urging force of the spring 83, and then the brake motor 1 can be operated conventionally based on the brake pedal signal, and the vehicle can run normally.

An electromechanical brake according to a second embodiment of the present invention is described with further reference to fig. 16 to 20. In this embodiment, the actuating member is an electromagnetic actuator 84, and the mover 81 is fixedly connected to an armature 842 of the electromagnetic actuator 84, thereby being driven by the electromagnetic actuator 84 to move from the rest position to the operating position. By directly connecting the moving member 81 to the armature 842 of the electromagnetic actuator 84, operation may be performed in the manner described above in connection with the first embodiment.

In some embodiments, the volume of the electromagnetic actuator 84 is limited due to space limitations, affecting the ability of the electromagnetic actuator 84. If sufficient capability is required, improvements in the structure of the electromagnetic actuator 84 are required. According to some embodiments, an electromagnetic actuator comprises: housing 841, housing 841 includes opposite first and second ends. In the present embodiment, the housing 841 includes a side wall 8410 and a bottom wall 8411 at a second end. An end cap 843 is provided at a first end of the housing 841, the end cap 843 includes an extension 8430 extending toward a second end, and the end cap 843 includes a first passage through which the moving member 81 passes through the end cap 843 and extends into the housing 841 and is connected to the armature 842, the housing having a second passage at a second end, the armature 842 being movably disposed in the second passage. In some embodiments the extension 8430 of the end cap 843 is proximate the armature 842, e.g., with a minimum spacing within 10mm, e.g., 3mm to 5mm. This spacing also limits the maximum distance that armature 842 and moving member 81 can move axially (to the left). The return member may employ a spring 845 disposed between the extension 8430 of the end cap and the armature 842, the spring 845 returning the armature 842 and the mover 81 to the rest position. In addition, a coil 844 is provided in the housing, the coil 844 surrounding the extension 8430 of the end cap and/or the armature 842.

In an embodiment of the invention, housing 841, end cap 843, and armature 842 are made of magnetically permeable material, such as iron. For the moving member 81, at least a portion 851 thereof extending into the housing is made of a non-magnetically conductive material, such as stainless steel, for example, the moving member 81 may be entirely made of stainless steel. When the coil 844 is energized, the armature 842 moves axially with the moving member 81 under the influence of the magnetic field, while the moving member 851 engages the anti-rotation first passage such that the moving member can only move axially but cannot rotate, thereby interacting with the ratchet wheel in the manner described above in connection with the first embodiment. As shown in fig. 18, the tab 85 of the displacement member interlocks with the ratchet 33 while the extension 8430 of the end cap engages the armature 842. In some embodiments, the rear end of the armature 842 has a recess 8420, thereby reducing the material and weight of the armature, thereby further improving the ability of the electromagnetic actuator.

With the structure of the electromagnetic actuator according to the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 19 and 20, magnetomotive force is mainly concentrated in the air gap d between the extension 8430 of the end cover and the armature 842, and thus, when the air gap is sufficiently small, such as less than 10mm, the smaller air gap d will be broken down by the magnetic field, thereby forming the annular magnetic circuit shown in fig. 20. The annular magnetic circuit includes a housing 841, an armature 842 and an end cap 843, wherein the armature 842 remains in motion in collar 841 with the housing. This arrangement enables the same volume of electromagnetic actuator to provide more power, ensuring that the electromechanical brake according to this second embodiment works properly and has a smaller volume.

The specific embodiments of the present application have been described above merely to provide a more clear description of the principles of the present application, in which individual components are explicitly shown or described so as to provide a more readily understood principles of the present invention. Various modifications or variations of this application may be readily made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of this application. It is to be understood that such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the present application.

Claims (10)

1. An electromechanical brake, comprising:

a brake motor (1);

a main shaft (301) in transmission connection with the brake motor (1) and a ratchet wheel (33) arranged on the main shaft (301) to rotate together with the main shaft (301), wherein the main shaft (301) rotates in a first direction under the drive of the brake motor (1) to drive a brake caliper module (5) to perform a braking operation; and

a locking device (8), the locking device (8) comprising:

-a mobile element (81) comprising at least one axially protruding portion (85), said mobile element (81) being axially movable between a rest position, in which said protruding portion (85) of the mobile element is separated from said ratchet (33), and an operating position, in which said protruding portion (85) snaps into a gap (333) between ratchet teeth (330) of said ratchet; and

an actuating member that causes the mover (81) to move from the rest position to the working position, and a return member that causes the mover (81) to return from the working position to the rest position.

2. Electromechanical brake according to claim 1, characterized in that the moving member (81) is substantially disc-shaped and arranged concentrically with the ratchet wheel, optionally the moving member (81) comprises a plurality of circumferentially distributed projections (85), optionally the projections (85) are substantially cylindrical and comprise a conical leading front end (852) and a constriction (851), in the operating position the constriction (851) of the projections (85) engaging the ratchet teeth (330) of the ratchet wheel (33).

3. Electromechanical brake according to claim 1, characterized in that the spindle (301) comprises opposite front (302) and rear (303) ends, the front (302) of the spindle being coupled with a brake caliper module (5), the ratchet wheel (33) being connected to the rear (303) of the spindle (301), optionally a worm wheel (32) being fixedly arranged between the front (302) and rear (303) ends of the spindle (301), wherein the output shaft of the brake motor (1) intersects the spindle (301) and is configured as a worm which intermeshes with a worm wheel on the spindle (301).

4. An electromechanical brake according to claim 3, characterised in that the ratchet wheel (33) comprises a ratchet wheel hub (332) extending axially towards the worm wheel, the worm wheel comprising a worm wheel hub (321), the worm wheel hub (321) being arranged directly over the spindle (301), the ratchet wheel hub (332) being arranged over the worm wheel hub (332).

5. The electromechanical brake according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the electromechanical brake comprises: brake motor (1), main module (3), brake caliper module (5) and electronic control unit (4), main module (3) include main casing (31) and end cover (39), the first end of main casing (31) is connected to brake caliper module (5), the second end opposite to first end of main casing (31) is closed by end cover (39).

6. Electromechanical brake according to claim 5, characterised in that said locking means (8) are integrated on said end cap (39);

wherein the end cap (39) comprises a spindle (391) extending in an axial direction, the spindle (391) of the end cap being coaxial with the spindle (301) when assembled to the main housing (31), the mover (81) being sleeved on the spindle (391) and being movable along the spindle (391);

wherein the actuating member comprises an electromagnet (82) provided on the end cap (39) and a permanent magnet (89) provided on the mover, the electromagnet (82) applying a repulsive force to the permanent magnet (89) upon energization to urge the mover (81) to move toward the working position;

wherein, the end of the mandrel (391) is provided with a baffle ring (61), and the reset component is a spring (83) arranged between the baffle ring (61) and the moving piece (81);

wherein the spindle (391) is provided with anti-rotation features which cooperate with the displacement member to prevent rotation of the displacement member about the spindle.

7. Electromechanical brake according to claim 6, characterized in that said mobile element (81) comprises: an edge portion (811) of an outermost ring in a radial direction, the projecting portion (85) being configured as a lock pin connected to the edge portion (811), the lock pin including a leading end guide portion (852) and a constricted portion (851);

-a transition portion (812) radially inside the rim portion (811) and axially protruding towards the end cap, the permanent magnet (89) being an annular permanent magnet attached to a side of the transition portion (812) facing away from the end cap (39), the electromagnet (82) being configured annular and being substantially aligned with the permanent magnet (89);

an inner ring (813) radially inside the transition (812) and protruding further axially towards the end cap, the inner ring (813) extending inside the electromagnet (82), the spring (83) being arranged between the inner ring (813) of the moving member (81) and a stop ring (61) on the end cap; and

-a hub (814), the inner ring of the hub (814) being arranged in an anti-rotation shape and cooperating with an anti-rotation feature of the spindle (391) when fitted over the spindle (391), thereby preventing the movement from rotating around the spindle (391).

8. Electromechanical brake according to claim 4, characterized in that the brake motor (1) and the electronic control unit (4) are connected to the main housing (31) from opposite sides of the main housing (31), that the output shaft of the brake motor (1) extends through the main housing (31) to the electronic control unit (4), and that the end of the output shaft of the brake motor (1) is provided with a position sensor (68), the electronic control unit (4) being electrically connected with the brake motor (1) and with an actuating member (82) of the locking device.

9. Electromechanical brake according to any of the claims 1-4, characterized in that the actuating member is an electromagnetic actuator (84), the moving member (81) being fixedly connected to an armature (842) of the electromagnetic actuator (84), thereby being driven by the electromagnetic actuator (84) to move from the rest position to the working position.

10. The electromechanical brake according to claim 9, characterized in that said electromagnetic actuator (84) comprises:

-a housing (841), said housing (841) comprising opposite first and second ends;

an end cap (843) at the housing first end, the end cap (843) including an extension (8430) extending toward the second end, and the end cap (843) including a first channel;

a second passage at the second end of the housing, the armature (842) being movably disposed in the second passage; -a coil (844) in the housing (841) surrounding the extension (8430) of the end cap and/or the armature (842);

wherein the moving member (81) is connected to the armature (842) through a first passage of the end cap (843), the first passage being designed with anti-rotation features that cooperate with the moving member (81) such that the moving member (81) can only move back and forth but cannot rotate;

wherein the housing (841), the end cap (843) and the armature (842) are made of magnetically permeable material, and a portion (851) of the moving member (81) extending into the housing is made of magnetically non-permeable material;

wherein the return member is a spring (845) disposed between the end cap (843) and the armature (842);

wherein, when the coil (844) is not energized, the extension (8430) of the end cap (843) is less than 10mm from the armature (842);

wherein the extension (8430) of the end cap engages the armature (842) when the coil (844) is energized.