CN117256419B - Intelligent multi-span greenhouse cherry tomato planting management method - Google Patents
Intelligent multi-span greenhouse cherry tomato planting management method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
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Abstract
The application belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to an intelligent multi-span greenhouse cherry tomato planting management method. The intelligent multi-span greenhouse tomato seedling cultivation method specifically comprises the steps of performing cherry tomato densification management by utilizing the illumination and plant photosynthetic transpiration characteristics of the multi-span greenhouse, and synchronously adjusting the population density of intelligent multi-span greenhouse tomatoes and the irrigation management scheme of the intelligent multi-span greenhouse tomatoes in different growth periods by constructing and illuminating together with an irrigation strategy so as to optimize the illumination utilization rate. Proved by experiments, the technology can obviously increase the yield and improve the fruit quality.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to an intelligent multi-span greenhouse cherry tomato planting management method.
Background
In different cultivation areas and different cultivation periods, the solar radiation value in the tomato plant group is generally influenced by seasons, plant density and plant height at the same time, and reasonable planting density is a main measure for obtaining high yield in greenhouse cultivation under the condition of intelligent greenhouse cultivation environment, so that the planting is too dense and easy to overgrow, the growth of individuals in the middle and later periods is limited, and the disease is serious; the direct radiation permeability coefficient and the scattered radiation permeability coefficient of the planted thin population are increased, the illumination loss is serious, and the light energy utilization rate is reduced. At present, a close planting half leaf cutting technology is adopted for research, and 1/3 or 1/2 of the leaves are cut off from the lower leaves of the ears in the middle stage of fruit swelling, so that the cutting of the leaves is found to improve the light energy interception performance of the middle and lower layers of the crowns of tomatoes, and the photosynthetic efficiency of groups is improved, so that the yield of tomatoes is increased by 14.6% and 20.0% respectively. Indicating that proper adjustment of the leaf-cutting combination density can improve tomato yield. However, after leaf cutting, plant density cannot be increased blindly in scale to increase the whole leaf area, so that invasion of plant diseases and insect pests is easy to cause. The planting density of tomatoes commonly adopted in the prior art is 2.7-2.9 plants/m 2, if the plant diseases and insect pests are caused by excessive densification, the yield and quality of tomatoes can be influenced, for example, the yield of tomatoes can be seriously influenced after the density is more than 4 plants/m 2, the overgrowth trend is serious, gray mold is easy to occur and the like.
Through inspection, no intelligent multi-span greenhouse cherry tomato planting management method exists so far, and the method combines the dual regulation and control production measures of densification and irrigation, improves the production efficiency, reduces the production cost and can achieve the technical effect of high-density planting with the same quality as low-density tomato planting.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to increase the yield and quality of cherry tomatoes in a greenhouse, improve the production efficiency and reduce the production cost, the application aims to provide an intelligent multi-span greenhouse cherry tomato planting management method, which is used for performing cherry tomato densification management by utilizing the illumination and plant photosynthetic transpiration characteristics of the multi-span greenhouse, and constructing and illuminating synchronous adjustment of the population density of the intelligent multi-span greenhouse tomatoes and an irrigation management scheme of different growth periods of the cherry tomatoes in cooperation with an irrigation strategy so as to optimize the illumination utilization rate. Proved by experiments, the technology can obviously increase the yield and improve the fruit quality.
The technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the application is as follows: an intelligent multi-span greenhouse cherry tomato planting management method comprises the following steps:
(1) Cherry tomatoes are planted in the intelligent multi-span greenhouse in the middle 9 th year, and the initial planting density is controlled to be 2.88 plants/m 2;
(2) Presetting a fixed planting block weight loss ratio threshold value of intelligent multi-span greenhouse cherry tomato seedlings to be 50% in a seedling stage, and automatically irrigating after the fixed planting block weight loss ratio threshold value is higher than the fixed planting block weight loss ratio threshold value;
(3) The flowering and fruit setting period is changed into the monitoring of the weight loss ratio of the planting bags of intelligent multi-span greenhouse cherry tomato seedlings, the weight loss ratio threshold is reduced by 1% -2% from the day of the flowering period, the weight loss ratio threshold of the planting bags is adjusted to 15% after the 10 th day of the flowering and fruit setting period, and the planting bags are automatically irrigated after the weight loss ratio threshold is higher than the weight loss ratio threshold;
(4) The fruit harvesting period is that the weight loss ratio threshold value of the planting bag is preset to be 10%, and the fruit is automatically irrigated after the weight loss ratio threshold value is higher than the threshold value; the density of cherry tomatoes is increased for the first time in the period, the time is 1 month and 1 week of calendar week of the second year, and the density is changed from 2.88 plants/m 2 to 3.36 plants/m 2; increasing cherry tomato planting density for the second time, wherein the time is 5 th week of calendar week of the second year, and changing from 3.36 plants/m 2 to 3.85 plants/m 2 after densification; increasing cherry tomato planting density for the third time, wherein the time is 7 weeks of calendar week of the second year, and changing from 3.85 plants/m 2 to 4.32 plants/m 2 after densification; after the second densification, the weight loss ratio threshold value of the planting bag is 20%, and after the weight loss ratio threshold value is higher than the threshold value, the planting bag is automatically irrigated;
(5) Two weeks before the harvesting period of the second year is finished, growing points are removed, and meanwhile, the weight loss ratio threshold value of the planting bag is adjusted to 25%;
(6) The plant growth in the greenhouse is continuously reduced in the last 6 th month of the second year, and the weight loss ratio threshold value of the planting bag is adjusted to be reduced from 25% to 10% until the planting bag stops.
Furthermore, the irrigation amount per square meter of the step (3) is 550-1400 ml in the seedling stage of cherry tomato plants, 1300-1800ml in the flowering and fruit setting stage, the irrigation amount per square meter is obviously improved compared with the seedling stage, the irrigation amount per square meter in the fruit harvesting stage is 1500-5500ml, the irrigation amount gradually rises, and the irrigation amount per square meter is 3500-5000ml due to the reduction of the tomato yield after entering the harvest ending stage.
Further, cherry tomatoes in the intelligent multi-span greenhouse in northern areas can be divided into 4 growing stages in the greenhouse, namely 1) seedling stage, namely, 10 th ten days of the first year, namely, 42 th week before calendar week, 2) flowering and fruit setting stage, 42 th week to 50 th week of the first year calendar week, 3) harvesting stage, 50 th week of the first year calendar week to 23 th week of the second year calendar week, 4) harvesting ending stage, and 23 th week of the second year calendar week; growth point removal is week 21 of the calendar week of the next year.
Further, the weight loss ratio: (weight in saturated state-weight in measured time)/weight in saturated state.
Further, the densification is preferably achieved by increasing the planting density by increasing the lateral branches of the tomatoes, in particular by increasing the planting density by increasing the lateral branches of the tomatoes on the existing tomato plants, retaining the first or more lateral branches under the buds of the existing tomato plants, allowing the lateral branches to grow, and thus forming a new tomato branch.
Further, the period of time from densification to growth point removal in the step (4) is shortened, and the irrigation amount is adjusted daily according to the following formula, namely the relation between the irrigation amount and the accumulated illumination amount: y=514+2.57×x, where X is the cumulative amount of daily light J/cm 2 in the intelligent multi-span greenhouse and Y is the daily irrigation amount mL/m 2 in the intelligent multi-span greenhouse.
The application also provides an application of the intelligent multi-span greenhouse cherry tomato planting management method in any one of the following,
(1) The application in improving the yield of cherry tomatoes;
(2) The application of the method in improving the high growth quantity and the thick stem growth quantity of cherry tomato seedlings;
(3) The application of the method in reducing the nitrous acid content of cherry tomatoes;
(4) The application of the cherry tomato in improving the vitamin C, lycopene and protein contents of cherry tomatoes.
The application has the beneficial effects that:
1. The application aims to provide an intelligent multi-span greenhouse cherry tomato planting management method, which is characterized in that cherry tomato densification management is carried out by utilizing the illumination and plant photosynthetic transpiration characteristics of a multi-span greenhouse, and an irrigation management scheme for synchronously adjusting the population density of intelligent multi-span greenhouse tomatoes and the different growth periods of the cherry tomatoes is constructed and illuminated by matching with an irrigation strategy so as to optimize the illumination utilization rate. Proved by experiments, the technology can obviously increase the yield and improve the fruit quality.
2. The densification and irrigation measures of the application can realize the remarkable growth of the plant growth in different growth periods through measurement. The amount of growth measured at weeks 28, 35, 36, and 37 was significantly increased in the T1 treatment of the present application compared to CK. The effect of different densification times on the stem thickness of cherry tomatoes in the 23 rd and 24 th week of harvest is remarkable. The technical problems of the growth quantity and the stem thickness of cherry tomatoes, which are affected by the increase of the density in the field, can be obviously affected by the reasonable densification time and the irrigation strategies in different periods, and are overcome by the application.
3. It was found that each treatment at different densification times had a significant impact on the quality of cherry tomatoes. In general, in different measurement periods, 3 densification times have no significant difference on the sugar degree and acidity of cherry tomatoes, and further illustrate that the densification (calculated from 1 month each year, 1 week, 5 weeks and 7 weeks) measures of the application are adopted, and the taste, flavor and quality of the cherry tomatoes can be ensured to be unchanged by combining reasonable irrigation management. The cherry tomato density can be increased when the obvious illumination is improved at the beginning of 1 month every year and less in overcast and rainy days, the yield and the quality can not be negatively influenced by the thickening as early as possible, and the yield and the fruit quality can be improved in the sufficient illumination year. In addition, under the cherry tomato densification and irrigation strategy, the vitamin C content, the protein content and the lycopene content in the cherry tomato can be obviously improved, and meanwhile, the nitrate content in the cherry tomato is obviously reduced.
4. The research further shows that the variation trend of the irrigation quantity and the sunlight accumulation quantity after the cherry tomato planting density is increased, and the relationship between the irrigation quantity and the sunlight accumulation quantity is obtained through deduction of the full life cycle: y=514+2.57×x, where X is the cumulative amount of daily light J/cm 2 in the intelligent multi-span greenhouse and Y is the daily irrigation amount mL/m 2 in the intelligent multi-span greenhouse. And after verification tests, the period from the completion of the densification of the tomato cherry to the removal of the growing point before the end of the harvesting tail period is obtained, the variation trend of the irrigation quantity and the sunlight accumulation quantity is the most stable, and the accurate irrigation can be realized by calculating according to the model.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the cumulative amount of illumination and the irrigation amount of nutrient solution per day
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between irrigation amount and light applied to cherry tomato in full load condition
FIG. 3 effect of different densification times on cherry tomato growth
FIG. 4 effect of different densification times on cherry tomato stem thickness
FIG. 5 effect of different densification times on cherry tomato quality
FIG. 6 branching photograph of cherry tomato after densification
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. Furthermore, all other embodiments, which can be made by a person of ordinary skill in the art without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the present application.
It is well known to those skilled in the art that cherry tomatoes in a multi-span greenhouse in northern areas can be divided into 4 stages in the greenhouse of the application, 1) seedling stage (42 weeks before calendar week), 2) flowering and fruit setting stage (42 weeks to 50 weeks before calendar week), 3) harvesting stage (50 weeks to 23 weeks after calendar week of the second year), 4) harvesting tail stage (23 weeks after calendar week of the second year). The irrigation nutrient solution used in the planting management method of the tomato multi-span greenhouse is a common nutrient solution in the field, and the commercially available tomato soilless culture irrigation nutrient solution can be suitable for the application. Wherein, the formula of the irrigation nutrient solution adopted in different growth periods of tomatoes is as follows:
Table 1 table of formulations of irrigation nutrient solutions for tomatoes in different growth periods
Example 1
An intelligent multi-span greenhouse cherry tomato planting management method comprises the following steps:
(1) Cherry tomatoes are planted in the intelligent multi-span greenhouse at 9 months and 16 days of the first year, and the initial planting density is controlled to be 2.88 plants/m 2;
(2) Presetting a fixed planting block weight loss ratio threshold value of intelligent multi-span greenhouse cherry tomato seedlings to be 50% in a seedling stage, and automatically irrigating after the fixed planting block weight loss ratio threshold value is higher than the fixed planting block weight loss ratio threshold value;
(3) The flowering and fruit setting period is changed into the monitoring of the weight loss ratio of the planting bags of the intelligent multi-span greenhouse cherry tomato seedlings, the weight loss ratio threshold is reduced by 2% from the flowering period every day, the weight loss ratio threshold of the planting bags is adjusted to 15% after the 10 th day of the flowering and fruit setting period, and the planting bags are automatically irrigated after the weight loss ratio threshold is higher than the weight loss ratio threshold;
(4) The fruit harvesting period is that the weight loss ratio threshold value of the planting bag is preset to be 10%, and the fruit is automatically irrigated after the weight loss ratio threshold value is higher than the threshold value; the density of cherry tomatoes is increased for the first time in the period, the time is 1 month and 1 week of calendar week of the second year, and the density is changed from 2.88 plants/m 2 to 3.36 plants/m 2; increasing cherry tomato planting density for the second time, wherein the time is 5 th week of calendar week of the second year, and changing from 3.36 plants/m 2 to 3.85 plants/m 2 after densification; increasing cherry tomato planting density for the third time, wherein the time is 7 weeks of calendar week of the second year, and changing from 3.85 plants/m 2 to 4.32 plants/m 2 after densification; after the second densification, the weight loss ratio threshold value of the planting bag is 20%, and after the weight loss ratio threshold value is higher than the threshold value, the planting bag is automatically irrigated;
(5) Two weeks before the harvesting period of the second year is finished, growing points are removed, and meanwhile, the weight loss ratio threshold value of the planting bag is adjusted to 25%;
(6) The plant growth in the greenhouse is continuously reduced in the last 6 th month of the second year, and the weight loss ratio threshold value of the planting bag is adjusted to be reduced from 25% to 10% until the planting bag stops.
Example 2
An intelligent multi-span greenhouse cherry tomato planting management method comprises the following steps:
(1) Cherry tomatoes are planted in the intelligent multi-span greenhouse in 8 th middle of the first year, and the initial planting density is controlled to be 2.88 plants/m 2;
(2) In the seedling stage, the irrigation amount per square meter per day is about 1300ml;
(3) In the flowering and fruit setting period, the irrigation amount per square meter per day is about 1700ml;
(4) The irrigation amount per square meter per day gradually rises in the fruit harvesting period, and reaches 5220ml at the maximum of 23 weeks. The density of cherry tomatoes is increased for the first time in the period, the time is 1 month and 1 week of calendar week of the second year, and the density is changed from 2.88 plants/m 2 to 3.36 plants/m 2; increasing cherry tomato planting density for the second time, wherein the time is 5 th week of calendar week of the second year, and changing from 3.36 plants/m 2 to 3.85 plants/m 2 after densification; increasing cherry tomato planting density for the third time, wherein the time is 7 weeks of calendar week of the second year, and changing from 3.85 plants/m 2 to 4.32 plants/m 2 after densification; the period of time from the third increase of the cherry tomato planting density to the removal of the growing point is taken, and the average irrigation amount per square meter per day is 3969ml.
(5) Two weeks before the harvest period of the second year is finished, growing points are removed, the harvest period is started in the middle ten days of 6 months, and the growth amount of plants in the greenhouse is continuously reduced until the plants stop.
Example 3
An intelligent multi-span greenhouse cherry tomato planting management method comprises the following steps:
(1) Cherry tomatoes are planted in the intelligent multi-span greenhouse in the middle 9 th year, and the initial planting density is controlled to be 2.88 plants/m 2;
(2) Presetting a fixed planting block weight loss ratio threshold value of intelligent multi-span greenhouse cherry tomato seedlings to be 50% in a seedling stage, and automatically irrigating after the fixed planting block weight loss ratio threshold value is higher than the fixed planting block weight loss ratio threshold value;
(3) The flowering and fruit setting period is changed into the monitoring of the weight loss ratio of the planting bags of the intelligent multi-span greenhouse cherry tomato seedlings, the weight loss ratio threshold is reduced by 2% from the flowering period every day, the weight loss ratio threshold of the planting bags is adjusted to 15% after the 10 th day of the flowering and fruit setting period, and the planting bags are automatically irrigated after the weight loss ratio threshold is higher than the weight loss ratio threshold;
(4) The fruit harvesting period is that the weight loss ratio threshold value of the planting bag is preset to be 10%, and the fruit is automatically irrigated after the weight loss ratio threshold value is higher than the threshold value; the density of cherry tomatoes is increased for the first time in the period, the time is 1 month and 1 week of calendar week of the second year, and the density is changed from 2.88 plants/m 2 to 3.36 plants/m 2; increasing cherry tomato planting density for the second time, wherein the time is 5 th week of calendar week of the second year, and changing from 3.36 plants/m 2 to 3.85 plants/m 2 after densification; increasing cherry tomato planting density for the third time, wherein the time is 7 weeks of calendar week of the second year, and changing from 3.85 plants/m 2 to 4.32 plants/m 2 after densification; and after densification, removing the growing point for a period of time, and carrying out daily irrigation adjustment on the irrigation quantity according to the following formula, wherein the relation between the irrigation quantity and the accumulated illumination quantity is as follows: y=514+2.57×x, where X is the cumulative amount of daily light J/cm 2 in the intelligent multi-span greenhouse and Y is the daily irrigation amount mL/m 2 in the intelligent multi-span greenhouse.
(5) Two weeks before the harvesting period of the second year is finished, growing points are removed, and meanwhile, the weight loss ratio threshold value of the planting bag is adjusted to 25%;
(6) The plant growth in the greenhouse is continuously reduced in the last 6 th month of the second year, and the weight loss ratio threshold value of the planting bag is adjusted to be reduced from 25% to 10% until the planting bag stops.
Test of relation between cumulative amount of illumination and irrigation amount of nutrient solution per day
The test method comprises the following steps:
the intelligent multi-span greenhouse of Beijing green lake agricultural technology Co., ltd in the sea lake area of Beijing in 2022, 9 months to 2023, 6 months is tested, and the environment of the whole park is basically consistent. The test automatically monitors the daily light cumulative amount and the fixed block weight loss ratio, automatically irrigates nutrient solution above the preset weight loss ratio according to the irrigation strategy of the embodiment 1, and counts the total period of nutrient solution irrigation. And (3) counting a relation diagram of the daily illumination accumulation amount of cherry tomatoes and the irrigation amount of nutrient solution in a full period, and fig. 1.
Test results:
As can be seen from the data of the irrigation amount of the nutrient solution in FIG. 1, the irrigation amount per square meter per day in the seedling stage (42 weeks before) of the plants is 550ml-1400ml, and the irrigation amount per square meter per day in the flowering and fruit setting stage (42 weeks to 50 weeks) is 1300-1800ml, so that the irrigation amount is obviously improved compared with the seedling stage. The fruit harvesting period (50 weeks to 23 weeks) has the irrigation amount of 1500-5500ml per square meter per day, and the irrigation amount gradually rises to the highest value in 23 weeks. After entering the harvest end period (after 23 weeks), the irrigation per square meter per day correspondingly drops to 3500-5000ml due to the reduced tomato yield. The total daily illumination cumulative amount and the nutrient solution irrigation amount data are combined to show that the total daily illumination cumulative amount and the nutrient solution irrigation amount basically show a consistent positive correlation change trend, the nutrient solution irrigation amount is positively influenced by the total daily illumination cumulative amount, the preset fixed planting block weightlessness ratio threshold value of each stage in the test is illustrated, the change trend of the total daily illumination cumulative amount and the nutrient solution irrigation amount is well fitted, and the full utilization of illumination is achieved (shown in figure 2). Therefore, we further obtain that the time from the third increase of the cherry tomato planting density to the removal of the growing point before the end of the harvesting tail period is the most stable trend of the variation of the irrigation amount and the cumulative amount of sunlight, the sunlight amount observed in the time is also gradually increased, the cherry tomato density can be started to be increased, and the accuracy of daily irrigation adjustment in the time period according to the following formula is verified to be more accurate, namely, the relation between the irrigation amount and the cumulative amount of sunlight: y=514+2.57×x, where X is the cumulative amount of daily light J/cm 2 in the intelligent multi-span greenhouse and Y is the daily irrigation amount mL/m 2 in the intelligent multi-span greenhouse.
Verification test:
Irrigation strategy: the fruit harvesting period starts, the weight loss ratio threshold value of the planting bag is preset to be 10%, the planting bag is automatically irrigated after the weight loss ratio threshold value is higher than the threshold value, the weight loss ratio threshold value of the planting bag is set to be 20% after the second densification, and the planting bag is automatically irrigated after the weight loss ratio threshold value is higher than the threshold value; two weeks before the harvest period (23 weeks of the calendar year of the second year) is finished, growing point removal is carried out, and meanwhile, the weight loss ratio threshold value of the planting bag is adjusted to be 25 percent until the harvest ending period. The average value of the irrigation amount per square meter per actual day is 3969ml, which is close to the predicted value of the test model.
Test two effects of different densification time on cherry tomato stem thickness
The test method comprises the following steps:
The intelligent multi-span greenhouse of Beijing green lake agricultural technology Co., ltd in the sea lake area of Beijing in 2022, 9 months to 2023, 6 months is tested, and the environment of the whole park is basically consistent. The method adopts coco coir strip cultivation, wherein the coco coir strip is 120cm long, 15cm wide, 10cm high and 18L in water content. 3 treatments were set up, each treatment repeated 3 times, with a basal density of 2.88 plants/m 2, a first increase in density to 3.36 plants/m 2, a second increase in density to 3.85 plants/m 2, and a third increase in density to 4.32 plants/m 2. The 3 treatments are respectively as follows: 1) CK (week 3, week 7 and week 9 densification); 2) T1 (week 1, week 5, week 7 densification); 3) T2 (densification at weeks 5, 9, 11), 3 replicates per treatment, coconut husk pieces 120cm long, 15cm wide, 10cm high, moisture content 18L. The basal density was 2.88 strain/m 2, the first to 3.36 strain/m 2, the second to 3.85 strain/m 2, and the third to 4.32 strain/m 2. According to the irrigation strategy of the embodiment 1, the method automatically irrigates nutrient solution above a preset weight loss ratio, and the method starts at 19 th week of the second year after the tomato is thickened, and 10 plants with basically consistent growth vigor are selected for measuring the growth and development conditions in different treatments. Measuring the plant growth quantity, wherein the measurement range is the natural height from the stem base to the growth point; the stem basal stem thickness was measured. Fruits of 10 plants were harvested continuously and fixedly per test cell, and total weight was recorded each time. Sampling by a quartering method, and measuring specific indexes of fruits including sugar degree (sugar degree meter), acidity (acidity meter), vitamin C content (GB 5009.86-2016 second method), nitrate content (GB 5009.33-2016 first method), lycopene content (GB/T14215-2021) and protein content (GB 5009.5-2016 first method).
Test results:
As can be seen from fig. 3, there is a significant difference in the response of the growth measured at different growth periods to different densification times. Overall, the growth of the three treatments gradually increased with the extension of the growth period, with a slight decrease in harvest period. T1 treatment was significantly higher than CK at weeks 28, 35, 36, 37 with increases of 11.90%, 15.19%, 14.10% and 19.78%, respectively. Compared to T2, T1 treatment was significantly elevated at weeks 26, 27, 32, 33, 34 with increases of 12.52%, 32.60%, 10.47%, 9.62% and 8.41%, respectively.
As can be seen from fig. 4, the effect of different densification times on cherry tomato stem thickness, three treatments, overall, gradually increased stem thickness with increasing growth period, and slightly decreased harvest period. But there was only a significant difference between the three treatments at weeks 23 and 24, with TI treatments significantly higher than CK9.65% and 11.15%, and no significant difference between T1 and T2.
The experiment shows that the reasonable densification time and the irrigation strategies in different periods can obviously influence the growth quantity and stem thickness of cherry tomatoes, and the technical problem of the growth and development of tomatoes influenced by the increase of the density in the field is overcome by the application.
Test of the effect of three different densification times on cherry tomato quality
The test method comprises the following steps:
The intelligent multi-span greenhouse of Beijing green lake agricultural technology Co., ltd in the sea lake area of Beijing in 2022, 9 months to 2023, 6 months is tested, and the environment of the whole park is basically consistent. The method adopts coco coir strip cultivation, wherein the coco coir strip is 120cm long, 15cm wide, 10cm high and 18L in water content. 3 treatments were set up, each treatment repeated 3 times, with a basal density of 2.88 plants/m 2, a first increase in density to 3.36 plants/m 2, a second increase in density to 3.85 plants/m 2, and a third increase in density to 4.32 plants/m 2. The 3 treatments are respectively as follows: 1) CK (week 3, week 7 and week 9 densification); 2) T1 (week 1, week 5, week 7 densification); 3) T2 (densification at week 5, week 9, week 11). According to the irrigation strategy of the embodiment 1, the method automatically irrigates nutrient solution above a preset weight loss ratio, tests and determines the quality of fruits at different times, and adopts a quartering method for sampling and determination, wherein the specific determination indexes are sugar degree, acidity, vitamin C content, nitrate content, lycopene content and protein content.
Test results:
As can be seen from fig. 5, the treatments at different densification times have a significant impact on the quality of cherry tomatoes. In general, in different measurement periods, 3 densification times have no significant difference on the sugar degree and acidity of cherry tomatoes, and further illustrate that the densification measure of the application is adopted, and the taste, flavor and quality of the cherry tomatoes can be ensured to be unchanged by combining reasonable irrigation management. T1 and T2 were significantly higher than CK in the late growth phase (2023, 6, 18 days) with an increase of 40.60% and 21.71% for vitamin C content, respectively; for nitrate content, the content of treatment T1 was significantly lower than CK during the first three measurement periods, decreasing in amplitude by 23.93%, 6.83% and 2.30%, respectively; lycopene content of T1 is significantly higher than CK at 2023, 3, 19 and 2023, 4, 18, with an amplification of 50.00% and 32.86%, respectively; the protein content of T1 was significantly higher at 2023, 5 and 19 than for CK and T2 treatments, with 5.26% and 4.58% amplification, respectively. It can be seen that T1 treatment can significantly improve the quality of cherry tomatoes.
Therefore, the density of cherry tomatoes can be increased when the obvious illumination is improved at the beginning of 1 month every year and less in overcast and rainy days, and the yield and the quality are not negatively affected by thickening as soon as possible.
Test of Effect of the synergistic Effect of densification and irrigation on cherry tomato yield
The test method comprises the following steps: the intelligent multi-span greenhouse of Beijing green lake agricultural technology Co., ltd in the sea lake area of Beijing in 2022, 9 months to 2023, 6 months is tested, and the environment of the whole park is basically consistent. The method adopts coco coir strip cultivation, wherein the coco coir strip is 120cm long, 15cm wide, 10cm high and 18L in water content. 10 treatments were set up, each treatment repeated 3 times, with a basal density of 2.88 plants/m 2, a first increase in density to 3.36 plants/m 2, a second increase in density to 3.85 plants/m 2, and a third increase in density to 4.32 plants/m 2. The 10 treatments were respectively: 1) Example 1 and example 3 (densification 1, 5,7 weeks); 2) Test 1 (densification at 3, 7,9 weeks + irrigation strategy of example 1); 3) Test example 2 (densification at 5, 9, 11 weeks + irrigation strategy of example 1); 4) Control 1 (basal density 2.88 plants/m 2 +irrigation strategy of example 1); 5) Control 2 (1 st, 5 th, 7 th week densification of flowering and fruit bearing period of 1 st year + irrigation strategy of example 1); 6) Control 3 (1 st, 5 th, 7 th week densification of 1 st year harvest period + irrigation strategy of example 1); 7) Control 4 (densification strategy of example 1 + seedling loss ratio 50%, flowering and fruit setting period 2% per day, 30% on day 10, fruit harvest period 15%, 25% after the second densification, harvest end 10%); 8) Comparative example 5 (densification strategy of example 1 + seedling loss ratio 40%, flowering and fruit setting period reduced by 2% per day, 20% on day 10, fruit harvest period 10%, 20% after the third densification, 25% two weeks before harvest period end, 10% in harvest end); 9) Control 6 (densification strategy of example 1 + seedling loss ratio of 60%, flowering and fruit setting period, 2% daily reduction, 30% on day 10, 20% fruit harvest period, 25% two weeks before harvest end, 10% harvest end). According to the specific cherry tomato management method, according to the irrigation strategy of the embodiment 1, the nutrient solution is automatically irrigated above the preset weight loss ratio, and the test is carried out to determine the second year harvest period, namely, fruits of 10 plants are continuously and fixedly harvested every month in the cherry tomato fruit harvest season of 3-7 months, and the total weight of the fruits is recorded every time.
Table 2 cherry tomato yield scale (weight: KG) under synergistic effect of densification and irrigation
As can be seen from Table 2, the monthly average yield, as well as the total yield data for examples 1 and 3 of the present application are significantly better than the other treatments, while the yields for test examples 1 and 2 are significantly higher than those for comparative examples 1-6. The throughput of each test treatment reached a maximum at 5 months, for example test examples 1 and 2 were 611.88, 600.92 respectively, after which the throughput of each treatment gradually fell back. Thus, each densification treatment had a significant positive effect on tomato yield increase, with examples 1 and 3 (week 1, week 5, week 7 densification + the irrigation strategy of the application) having the most pronounced yield increase, indicating that reasonable early densification measures are taken to favor tomato yield increase and that the overall yield difference of examples 1 and 3 is not significant.
As is clear from comparative examples 2 and 3, the irrigation strategy of example 1 of the present application was adopted to adjust the densification timings, i.e., densification was performed at 1 st week, 5 th week and 7 th week of the flower and fruit setting period and the fruit harvesting period, respectively, and the yields were significantly lower than those of example 1 and comparative example 1, and the densification measures in the above periods would seriously increase the occurrence of gray mold and affect the yields. As can be seen from comparative examples 4-6, none of the stimulation results of example 1 were achieved by the densification timing of example 1 of the present application, and by the different irrigation strategies. The dual means of densification and irrigation adopted by the application can synergistically improve the yield of cherry tomatoes and the production efficiency.
Although embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the application, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (4)
1. An intelligent multi-span greenhouse cherry tomato planting management method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Cherry tomatoes are planted in the intelligent multi-span greenhouse in the middle 9 th year, and the initial planting density is controlled to be 2.88 plants/m 2;
(2) Presetting a fixed planting block weight loss ratio threshold value of intelligent multi-span greenhouse cherry tomato seedlings to be 50% in a seedling stage, and automatically irrigating after the fixed planting block weight loss ratio threshold value is higher than the fixed planting block weight loss ratio threshold value;
(3) The flowering and fruit setting period is changed into the monitoring of the weight loss ratio of the planting bags of intelligent multi-span greenhouse cherry tomato seedlings, the weight loss ratio threshold is reduced by 1% -2% from the day of the flowering period, the weight loss ratio threshold of the planting bags is adjusted to 15% after the 10 th day of the flowering and fruit setting period, and the planting bags are automatically irrigated after the weight loss ratio threshold is higher than the weight loss ratio threshold;
(4) The fruit harvesting period is that the weight loss ratio threshold value of the planting bag is preset to be 10%, and the fruit is automatically irrigated after the weight loss ratio threshold value is higher than the threshold value; the density of cherry tomatoes is increased for the first time in the period, the time is 1 month and 1 week of calendar week of the second year, and the density is changed from 2.88 plants/m 2 to 3.36 plants/m 2; increasing cherry tomato planting density for the second time, wherein the time is 5 th week of calendar week of the second year, and changing from 3.36 plants/m 2 to 3.85 plants/m 2 after densification; increasing cherry tomato planting density for the third time, wherein the time is 7 weeks of calendar week of the second year, and changing from 3.85 plants/m 2 to 4.32 plants/m 2 after densification; setting the weight loss ratio threshold value of the planting bag to 20% after the second densification, and automatically irrigating after the weight loss ratio threshold value is higher than the threshold value;
(5) Two weeks before the harvesting period of the second year is finished, growing points are removed, and meanwhile, the weight loss ratio threshold value of the planting bag is adjusted to 25%;
(6) The plant growth in the greenhouse is continuously reduced in the last 6 th month of the second year, and the weight loss ratio threshold value of the planting bag is adjusted to be reduced from 25% to 10% until the planting bag stops;
Wherein,
The irrigation amount of each square meter of cherry tomato plants is 550-1400 ml in the seedling stage, 1300-1800ml in the flowering and fruit setting stage, the irrigation amount is obviously improved compared with the seedling stage, the irrigation amount of each square meter in the fruit harvesting stage is 1500-5500ml, the irrigation amount gradually rises, and after entering the harvesting ending stage, the irrigation amount of each square meter is correspondingly reduced due to the reduction of the tomato yield, and the irrigation amount is 3500-5000ml;
The weight loss ratio calculating method comprises the following steps: (weight in saturated state-weight in measured time)/weight in saturated state;
And (3) removing the time from the densified step (4) to the growing point, and performing daily irrigation adjustment on the irrigation quantity according to the following formula, namely, the relation between the irrigation quantity and the accumulated illumination quantity: y=514+2.57×x, where X is the cumulative amount of daily light J/cm 2 in the intelligent multi-span greenhouse and Y is the daily irrigation amount mL/m 2 in the intelligent multi-span greenhouse.
2. The intelligent multi-span greenhouse cherry tomato planting management method according to claim 1, wherein the growth stages of cherry tomatoes in the intelligent multi-span greenhouse in northern areas are divided into 4, namely 1) seedling stage, namely 42 weeks before calendar week 10 in the first year, 2) flowering fruit setting stage, 42 weeks to 50 weeks in the first year calendar week, 3) harvesting stage, 50 weeks in the first year calendar week to 23 weeks in the second year calendar week, 4) harvesting ending stage, and 23 weeks after the second year calendar week.
3. The intelligent multi-span greenhouse cherry tomato planting management method according to claim 1, wherein the densification is to increase the planting density by increasing the tomato side branches, specifically to increase the planting density by increasing the tomato side branches on the existing tomato plants, and the first side branch or side branches under the bud of the existing tomato plants are reserved to allow the side branches to grow so as to form a new tomato branch.
4. The use of an intelligent multi-span greenhouse cherry tomato planting management method as claimed in claim 1,
(1) The application in improving the yield of cherry tomatoes;
(2) The application of the method in improving the high growth quantity and the thick stem growth quantity of cherry tomato seedlings;
(3) The application of the method in reducing the nitrous acid content of cherry tomatoes;
(4) The application of the cherry tomato in improving the vitamin C, lycopene and protein contents of cherry tomatoes.
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