CN117245180A - Laser-guided complex space track submerged arc welding method - Google Patents
Laser-guided complex space track submerged arc welding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN117245180A CN117245180A CN202311157636.2A CN202311157636A CN117245180A CN 117245180 A CN117245180 A CN 117245180A CN 202311157636 A CN202311157636 A CN 202311157636A CN 117245180 A CN117245180 A CN 117245180A
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 233
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011112 process operation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/18—Submerged-arc welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/12—Automatic feeding or moving of electrodes or work for spot or seam welding or cutting
- B23K9/127—Means for tracking lines during arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/1272—Geometry oriented, e.g. beam optical trading
- B23K9/1274—Using non-contact, optical means, e.g. laser means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/235—Preliminary treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/32—Accessories
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of submerged arc welding, in particular to a laser guided complex space track submerged arc welding method, which comprises the steps of preparing a groove of a workpiece welding joint by adopting a machining method, removing rust, oil and other dirt nearby the groove, adjusting a submerged arc welding gantry to move to a welding initial position, determining the position of a welding gun by welding process personnel, scanning the workpiece groove by a laser tracking device configured at a station, and starting welding after automatic locating; after one welding line is welded, moving the submerged arc welding gantry to a non-welding area, and performing the next welding line. The invention adopts laser automatic tracking guidance, the weld joint forming quality is good, the weld joint and the base metal are in smooth transition, the surface has no defects of cracks, air holes, undercut and the like, the multi-layer multi-channel one-step forming of the whole complex space track weld joint can be realized, no arc stopping and deflection are needed at the space bending position of each welding layer weld bead no matter the angle joint or the butt joint, the working procedure is simplified, and the welding efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of submerged arc welding, in particular to a laser-guided complex space track submerged arc welding method.
Background
The invention provides a laser guiding complex space track submerged arc welding method, which is characterized in that large complex curved steel structural members of a hydraulic support of a coal machine, engineering machinery and a building steel structure are gradually increased, the spatial position of a structural member welding seam is more complex, the welding quality and efficiency are higher and higher, automatic submerged arc welding is stable in welding process, large in welding metal filling quantity, good in welding seam forming, suitable for welding seams with large thickness and high filling quantity, and capable of being the preferred welding method selected by a plurality of enterprises, but the butt joint and angle joint welding seam of a space curve cannot be continuously welded to the whole section of welding seam, when the spatial position of the welding seam is not continuously welded, manual repair welding is mostly adopted, the production efficiency is slow and is limited by the level of welding personnel, and the welding process is extremely easy to generate and defective.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention overcomes the defects of the prior art, and provides a laser-guided complex space track submerged arc welding method, which is used for obtaining higher welding quality and simplifying the procedure in the multi-layer and multi-channel submerged arc welding of complex space curve welding beads, so that the submerged arc welding wires have good filling metal cladding effects in different welding layers in the welding process, and simultaneously, the welding defects caused in the operation process can be avoided, the welding efficiency is improved, the welding cost is reduced, and the cladding efficiency is improved.
The laser guide complex space track submerged arc welding method provided by the scheme comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a groove of a workpiece welding joint by adopting a machining method, removing rust, oil and other pollutants from the vicinity of the groove according to corresponding standard specifications (such as ASME standard), selecting welding materials matched with a base metal, including special welding wires which are dry, oilless and rust-free, submerged arc welding flux matched with the welding wires, and carrying out corresponding pre-welding inspection on the welding wire flux before welding, if related process requirements need to carry out pre-welding preheating, welding after the welding parts need to reach the preheating temperature, and controlling the interlayer temperature;
s2, adjusting the submerged arc welding gantry to move to a welding initial position, determining the position of a welding gun by welding process personnel, scanning a workpiece groove by a laser tracking device arranged at a station, automatically locating and then starting welding, fixing the workpiece on a position changer for welding, and adopting a flat welding process method that the position of the submerged arc welding gun is unchanged, wherein a gasket can be additionally arranged on the back of a welding seam according to requirements for welding, so that the defect is avoided in single-sided multilayer multi-channel submerged arc welding;
s3, after one welding line is welded, moving the submerged arc welding gantry to a non-welding area, cleaning welding slag, presetting a welding offset in a program system, and performing the welding of the next welding line.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
further, the step S2 of scanning the workpiece groove by the laser tracking device specifically includes: the width, the height and the angle of a welding bead at the front end of a welding gun are scanned by a laser tracking device on a welding machine boom, the welding process parameters stored in the welding gun are called in real time according to the laser scanning condition, and the automatic welding of the curved welding bead flat welding position multilayer multi-channel submerged arc welding is realized by automatically calling the parameters in real time and adjusting the position of a workpiece.
Further, the scanning of the width, the height and the angle of the welding bead at the front end of the welding gun specifically comprises the step of carrying out size scanning on the rear gap and different welding layers of welding beads of the whole welding bead group so as to change welding parameters along with the change of the gap and the welding layers of welding beads, and the multi-layer multi-pass welding of the complex space track buried arc welding seam is realized by using a mode of combining laser tracking, motion control and submerged arc welding. Through parameter adjustment, the high width adaptability to different welding layers of welding beads in the welding process is high, the phenomenon that welding is not fused can be reduced, filling metal is fully melted, the welding seam parent metal is smooth in transition, the welding speed is high, and the production efficiency is high.
Furthermore, in the step S2, arc starting welding is performed at the arc striking plate at the end part of the welding bead during welding, the submerged arc is protected by the welding flux, so that the filling metal is fully melted, the welding flux can effectively isolate air, a molten pool is protected, the occurrence of welding defects is effectively reduced, no arc light radiation hazard is generated during the welding process, and the production efficiency is greatly improved.
Further, during welding, the welding process parameters are as follows: the welding current is 400-700A, the arc voltage is 26-34V, and the welding speed is 300-600mm/min.
Further, appearance detection, X-ray detection, ultrasonic detection, tensile strength, bending strength and impact toughness test detection are carried out on the welded seam after the welding in the step S3.
Furthermore, the connection method in the welding in the step S2 is direct current reverse connection.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the invention adopts laser automatic tracking guidance, the weld forming quality is good, the weld and the parent metal are smooth and transition, the surface has no defects of cracks, air holes, undercut and the like, the multi-layer multi-channel one-step forming of the whole complex space track weld can be realized, no arc stopping deflection is needed at the space bending position of each welding layer weld bead no matter the angle joint or the butt joint, the working procedure is simplified, the welding efficiency is improved, higher welding quality is obtained, meanwhile, the working procedure is simplified, the submerged arc welding wire has good metal filling cladding effect on different welding layers in the welding process, simultaneously, the welding defect caused in the operation process can be avoided, the welding efficiency is improved, the welding cost is reduced, the cladding efficiency is improved, the welding quality is ensured, and the problems of low welding speed, low production efficiency, high quality control requirement and high welding cost when the submerged arc welding faces the complex space track multi-layer multi-channel welding are solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a butted workpiece according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a corner joint work piece of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a weld surface forming view of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a view of a weld joint layout of a butted workpiece by the laser-guided complex space trajectory submerged arc welding method of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a view of a weld joint arrangement of a corner joint workpiece in the laser guided complex space trajectory submerged arc welding method of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of the welding process operation of the laser guided complex space trajectory submerged arc welding method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiment provides a laser guiding complex space track submerged arc welding method, which is suitable for butt joint of workpieces (fig. 1 and 4) and corner joint of workpieces (fig. 2 and 5), wherein 1-7 in fig. 4 and 5 represent each welding bead, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) The steel plate and the groove to be welded are mechanically processed, and rust, oil and other dirt are removed from the vicinity of the welding groove of the component according to the standard (ASME standard).
(2) The welding material matched with the base material includes special dry, oil-free and rust-free welding wire and flux, and the welding wire is inspected before welding, and the flux needs to be heated, baked and heat preserved before use according to the requirement of flux supplier.
(3) If related process requirements are met, preheating before welding is carried out, and the parts to be welded can be welded after reaching the preheating temperature, and the interlayer temperature is controlled.
(4) In the welding process, the position of a welding gun, the temperature between welding parameters and the like are adjusted and controlled, and a equipped welding laser ranging program is used for measuring the assembly of the front end of the welding gun and the geometric morphology condition of a welding layer, and after the assembly and the geometric morphology condition of the welding layer are stored, different welding parameters are automatically called for aiming at different welding bead characteristics in the welding process, so that multi-layer multi-channel submerged arc welding of complex space tracks is realized; firstly, a process staff obtains a workpiece welding program and a matched welding process through off-line programming or programming setting, then the submerged arc welding gantry is adjusted to move to a welding initial position, the welding process staff determines the position of a welding gun, a station-configured laser tracking system scans a workpiece groove, welding is started after automatic locating, welding deviation is corrected in real time through laser tracking during welding, when the vertical and horizontal spatial positions of a workpiece welding line change, laser tracking scans in real time, a spatial position deviation algorithm is fed back to a station PLC control system, the PLC control system controls and corrects a welding line executing system, the whole unmanned welding is realized through the off-line programming or programming setting and the mode of coarse positioning and fine positioning through laser real-time tracking, after welding, the submerged arc welding gantry is moved to a non-welding area, welding slag is cleaned, a welding offset is preset in the program system, the next welding is performed, and multi-layer continuous teaching-free self-adaptive welding of the welding line is realized.
(5) And performing quality detection such as weld appearance detection, X-ray detection, ultrasonic detection, tensile strength, bending strength, impact toughness test and the like after welding.
The following is an example of the present embodiment for the continuous welding of an entire length of weld for a fillet weld:
1. welding equipment and material
(1) The welding equipment adopts a Miller direct-current submerged arc Subarc DC1250 welding power supply and an RAD400 submerged arc wire feeder;
(2) The welding parent metal is Q345R, the specification is t=20mm, the yield strength is >345Mpa, and the tensile strength is >500Mpa; submerged arc welding wire H10Mn2 with the diameter of phi 4.0mm is adopted to be matched with SJ101 submerged arc welding flux.
2. Pre-weld preparation
(1) Groove processing: and (3) adopting lathe processing to form a V-shaped groove on the Q345R low alloy steel, wherein the groove angle is 30 degrees on a single side, the blunt side is 0-1mm, the gap is 2-3mm, and the offset is less than or equal to 1mm, as shown in figure 1.
(2) Cleaning: rust, greasy dirt and the like at the edge of the groove within the range of 20-30 mm are polished by a polishing machine.
(3) And (3) butt joint assembly: and in view of the fact that the fixture is adopted for forced fixing assembly in the actual welding process.
(4) Preheating: no preheating is performed.
3. Welding process
(1) Welding position: and at the flat welding position, a workpiece is placed on a tool and spatially rotates along with a positioner, and a welding gun moves along with a portal frame along a welding path.
(2) Welding gun position: before welding, the position of a welding gun is required to be adjusted, and the welding gun is adjusted to be perpendicular to the surface of a welding bead during welding.
(3) The multi-layer multi-channel submerged arc welding with complex space track can be adopted by adjusting and controlling the welding position, welding parameters, interlayer temperature, deflection tooling program, laser tracking program and the like, and the welding process parameters are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 welding parameters
4. Post-welding detection: through weld appearance detection, X-ray detection, ultrasonic detection, tensile strength and impact toughness tests, the weld is well formed, and the surface of the weld has no obvious macroscopic welding defects such as unfused, incomplete welding, undercut and the like, the weld strength can be matched with the strength of a base metal, and the weld has no microscopic welding defects such as air holes, slag inclusion, cracks and the like.
The invention has the advantages that the laser-guided complex space track submerged arc welding process method is used for realizing the efficient multilayer multi-channel submerged arc welding effect on the basis of obtaining higher welding quality, and the efficiency of the multilayer multi-channel submerged arc welding on the complex space track is improved by 1.5 times compared with that of the traditional submerged arc welding.
In addition to the embodiments described above, other embodiments of the invention are possible. All technical schemes formed by equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation fall within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The laser guided complex space track submerged arc welding method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, preparing a groove of a workpiece welding joint by adopting a machining method, and removing rust, oil and other pollutants from the vicinity of the groove;
s2, adjusting the submerged arc welding gantry to move to a welding initial position, determining the position of a welding gun by welding process personnel, scanning a workpiece groove by a laser tracking device configured at a station, and starting welding after automatic locating;
s3, after one welding line is welded, moving the submerged arc welding gantry to a non-welding area, cleaning welding slag, presetting a welding offset in a program system, and performing the welding of the next welding line.
2. The welding method according to claim 1, wherein the step S2 of scanning the workpiece groove by the laser tracking device specifically includes scanning a width, a height and an angle of a weld bead at a front end of the welding gun, and calling the internally stored welding process parameters in real time according to the laser scanning condition, and automatically calling the parameters and adjusting the position of the workpiece in real time.
3. The welding method of claim 2, wherein scanning the width, height, and angle of the weld gun front weld bead comprises specifically scanning the entire bead set for the back gap and the different weld layers such that the welding parameters change as the gap and weld layers change.
4. The welding method according to claim 1, wherein the welding in S2 is performed by arc starting at a bead end striking plate.
5. The welding method according to claim 1, wherein, at the time of welding, the welding process parameters are: the welding current is 400-700A, the arc voltage is 26-34V, and the welding speed is 300-600mm/min.
6. The welding method according to claim 1, wherein the welding seam is subjected to appearance inspection, X-ray inspection, ultrasonic inspection, tensile strength, bending strength and impact toughness test inspection after the S3 welding.
7. The welding method according to claim 1, wherein the wire connection method in the welding in S2 is direct current reverse connection.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311157636.2A CN117245180A (en) | 2023-09-08 | 2023-09-08 | Laser-guided complex space track submerged arc welding method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311157636.2A CN117245180A (en) | 2023-09-08 | 2023-09-08 | Laser-guided complex space track submerged arc welding method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN117245180A true CN117245180A (en) | 2023-12-19 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311157636.2A Pending CN117245180A (en) | 2023-09-08 | 2023-09-08 | Laser-guided complex space track submerged arc welding method |
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| CN (1) | CN117245180A (en) |
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2023
- 2023-09-08 CN CN202311157636.2A patent/CN117245180A/en active Pending
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