CN117244198B - Energy storage battery cabinet fire-fighting system and energy storage battery cabinet fire-fighting fire-extinguishing method - Google Patents
Energy storage battery cabinet fire-fighting system and energy storage battery cabinet fire-fighting fire-extinguishing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN117244198B CN117244198B CN202311533325.1A CN202311533325A CN117244198B CN 117244198 B CN117244198 B CN 117244198B CN 202311533325 A CN202311533325 A CN 202311533325A CN 117244198 B CN117244198 B CN 117244198B
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- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 163
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
- A62C3/16—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C31/00—Delivery of fire-extinguishing material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C37/00—Control of fire-fighting equipment
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
- H01M10/627—Stationary installations, e.g. power plant buffering or backup power supplies
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
- H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6567—Liquids
- H01M10/6568—Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of fire control of energy storage battery cabinets, and discloses a fire control and extinguishment method of an energy storage battery cabinet, which comprises the following steps: in a first condition, using only the main fire fluid within the fire unit; under the second condition, the liquid cooling liquid in the liquid cooling unit is used as auxiliary fire fighting liquid; wherein the judging of the first condition and the second condition includes the steps of: determining the rated time of fire fighting; calculating the expected time required by main fire-fighting liquid of the fire-fighting unit to counteract the heat released by the combustion of the battery, and when the expected time exceeds the rated time, enabling the system to start a second condition; when the predicted time does not exceed the rated time, the system is placed in a first condition. An energy storage battery cabinet fire protection system is also disclosed. The above-described systems and methods have better control over thermal runaway.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of energy storage battery cabinets, in particular to the field of fire protection of energy storage battery cabinets.
Background
At present, the existing energy storage outdoor cabinet can be internally provided with a fire-fighting pipeline independently, and the fire-fighting pipeline is used for spraying water to the battery pack in the cabinet when the battery pack is in thermal management failure and a fire disaster occurs, so that the harm of the fire disaster is further prevented from being increased.
However, in view of cost and design space, the fire-fighting pipeline and the liquid-cooling pipeline in the liquid-cooling battery pack generally run independently of each other at present, and when the battery pack is out of control, the fire-fighting pipeline sprays water outside the battery module for cooling. However, the fire-fighting pipeline often has the problems of insufficient water storage capacity, lower hydraulic pressure in the pipeline and insufficient pump power of the fire-fighting pipeline, so that the fire-fighting pipeline can not timely handle the fire problem in many times, the water sprayed by the fire-fighting pipeline is insufficient for extinguishing fire, the spread of fire can not be effectively controlled, and the loss of the energy storage container is large. There is a need for a way to assist fire protection systems and methods in the fire protection of thermal runaway.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fire extinguishing method of an energy storage battery cabinet, which has better control performance on thermal runaway.
The method for achieving the aim comprises the following steps: in a first condition, using only the main fire fluid within the fire unit; under the second condition, the liquid cooling liquid in the liquid cooling unit is used as auxiliary fire fighting liquid; wherein the judging of the first condition and the second condition includes the steps of: determining the rated time of fire fighting; calculating the expected time required by main fire-fighting liquid of the fire-fighting unit to counteract the heat released by the combustion of the battery, and enabling the system to start the second condition when the expected time exceeds or is equal to the rated time; and when the estimated time does not exceed the rated time, enabling the system to be in the first condition.
In one or more embodiments, according toCalculating the predicted time required by the main fire fluid of the fire-fighting unit to counteract the heat released by the combustion of the battery, wherein ρ Z Is the density of the main fire-fighting liquid, S 1 For the total area of the fire-fighting nozzle, V is the flow velocity of main fire-fighting liquid at the fire-fighting nozzle, M 0 Is the total mass of the main fire-fighting liquid sprayed.
In one or more embodiments, the area S of the sprinkler ports on the auxiliary fire line of the fluid cooling unit is determined when the system is in the second condition according to the following equation 2 And liquid-cooled liquid flow rate V':wherein q is the heating value of the cell, ρ Z Density of main fire-fighting liquid, ρ Y Is the density of liquid cooling liquid, m 2 Is the mass of the heated and vaporized water, V is the flow rate of the main fire-fighting liquid, S 1 For the total area of the fire-fighting nozzle, M B Is the total mass of the cells in a single battery pack c v Is the specific heat capacity of water, r is the coefficient of the latent heat of vaporization of water, deltaT is the temperature variation of water, and T' is the predicted extinguishing time after two sources are mixed.
In one or more embodiments, the method further comprises the steps of: the duty ratio of the pump in the liquid cooling unit is positively correlated with the difference between the predicted time and the rated time.
In one or more embodiments, the method includes the following policies:
when 0s < the expected time <11.4s, placing the system in the first condition, the liquid cooling liquid being used for cooling;
when 11.4s < the expected time <35.6s, placing the system in the second condition and operating the pump in the liquid cooling unit at a 50% duty cycle;
when the predicted time is greater than 35.6s, the system is placed in the second condition and the pump in the fluid cooling unit is operated at full power.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an energy storage battery cabinet fire-fighting system for implementing the method for fire-fighting and fire-extinguishing with an energy storage battery cabinet, which comprises a fire-fighting unit and a liquid cooling unit, wherein the fire-fighting unit is used for providing main fire-fighting liquid, the liquid cooling unit comprises a liquid cooling pipeline, and the liquid cooling liquid in the liquid cooling pipeline is also used as auxiliary fire-fighting liquid.
In one or more embodiments, the liquid cooling unit further comprises an auxiliary fire-fighting pipeline, a liquid cooling plate and a three-way valve arranged on the liquid cooling pipeline, the auxiliary fire-fighting pipeline is arranged around the battery module, the auxiliary fire-fighting pipeline further comprises a plurality of spraying ports, the three-way valve comprises an inlet, a first outlet and a second outlet, the inlet is used for inputting liquid cooling liquid, and the first outlet and the second outlet are respectively connected with the auxiliary fire-fighting pipeline and the liquid cooling plate.
In one or more embodiments, the first outlet and the second outlet are in alternative communication.
In one or more embodiments, the fluid cooling unit further includes a pump for regulating the flow rate and flow rate of the fluid cooling fluid.
In one or more embodiments, the fire protection system further comprises a temperature sensor and a control module, wherein the control module is in bidirectional signal connection with the temperature sensor and a three-way valve of the liquid cooling unit.
Above-mentioned energy storage battery cabinet fire extinguishing systems utilizes the fire engine group and the liquid cooling unit that have had in the cabinet to utilize the liquid cooling liquid of liquid cooling unit as the supplementary fire control liquid of control thermal runaway, additionally increased the fire control liquid route of quick-witted incasement, thereby solve the problem that current fire control pipeline whole water storage is few, fire extinguishing capacity is not enough, can effectively control spreading of the intensity of a fire when thermal runaway such as condition of a fire appear in the battery package, promote the security of energy storage battery cabinet, prevent the excessive damage of energy storage battery cabinet.
Drawings
The above and other features, properties and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, in which:
FIG. 1 is a logic schematic diagram of an energy storage battery cabinet fire protection system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a fire protection system of an energy storage battery cabinet;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of a liquid cooling unit and a fire fighting unit;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a liquid cooling circuit;
fig. 5 is a flow chart of a method of fire fighting a fire with an energy storage battery cabinet.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments and drawings, in which more details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but it will be apparent that the present invention can be embodied in many other forms than described herein, and that those skilled in the art may make similar generalizations and deductions depending on the actual application without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and therefore should not be construed to limit the scope of the present invention in terms of the content of this specific embodiment.
It is noted that these and other figures are merely examples, which are not drawn to scale and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention as it is actually claimed.
The existing energy storage battery cabinet comprises a plurality of battery modules, each battery module comprises a plurality of battery cells, and each battery cell is electrically connected through structures such as aluminum bars. When the temperature of the battery cell increases sharply, a fire is easily induced, and thus the battery module is ignited as a whole. Accordingly, there is a need for a fire protection system for energy storage battery cabinets that effectively controls the occurrence of thermal runaway conditions such as fires.
The fire-fighting unit in the existing energy storage battery cabinet has the problems of small overall water storage capacity, low hydraulic pressure in the pipe and the like, so that the fire-fighting unit is insufficient for timely extinguishing fire when the battery module is out of control.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the energy storage battery cabinet fire protection system includes a fire protection unit 10 and a liquid cooling unit 20 disposed inside an energy storage battery cabinet. The fire-fighting unit 10 includes a fire-fighting pipeline 11 for opening a fire-fighting nozzle when a fire occurs, and spraying fire-fighting liquid directly to the battery module. The liquid cooling unit 20 in the conventional energy storage battery cabinet comprises a liquid cooling pipeline 21, the liquid cooling liquid in the liquid cooling pipeline 21 is used for cooling the battery module 100 in a normal working state of the battery, and the fire protection system disclosed by the invention is used as auxiliary fire protection liquid under the condition that the battery module is out of control.
In one embodiment, the fluid cooling unit 20 includes a fluid cooling plate 22, a three-way valve 23 on the fluid cooling line 21, and an auxiliary fire line 29, the auxiliary fire line 29 including a plurality of spray ports 28. The auxiliary fire pipe 29 is disposed around the battery module.
The three-way valve 23 includes an inlet for inputting liquid-cooled liquid, a first outlet, and a second outlet, which are connected to the auxiliary fire-fighting pipeline 29 and the liquid-cooled plate 22, respectively. The first outlet and the second outlet are preferably in alternative communication.
Thus, when a fire occurs, the fire fighting liquid has two paths of fire fighting liquid sources: one from the fire line 11 and the other from the auxiliary fire line 29.
Fire fighting liquids and coolants include, but are not limited to, water.
The liquid cooling pipeline 21 is connected with an external liquid cooling liquid storage component through a three-way valve 23, the valve of the three-way valve 23 connected with an auxiliary fire-fighting pipeline 29 is kept closed at ordinary times, and the first outlet is closed at the moment and the second outlet is opened according to the principle that the first outlet and the second outlet are in alternative communication. At this time, the liquid cooling system performs normal cooling operation, and the liquid cooling liquid flows to the liquid cooling plate 22. When thermal runaway of the battery pack occurs, the first outlet of the three-way valve 23 is opened, so that the liquid cooling liquid of the liquid cooling pipeline 21 is input to the auxiliary fire-fighting pipeline 29, and finally the battery pack is sprayed with water to cool. At this time, the liquid cooling liquid in the whole liquid cooling pipeline is sprayed in the battery pack through the spraying port 28 of the auxiliary fire-fighting pipeline 29, and is matched with the fire-fighting pipeline of the original fire-fighting unit 10, so that the fire-extinguishing effect is maximized.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, a three-way valve 23 is installed at each of the water inlet and water outlet of the battery module 100 of the liquid cooling plate 22, so as to spray the fire-fighting auxiliary liquid in multiple directions around the battery module 100.
In some embodiments, the liquid cooling unit further comprises a pump for adjusting the flow rate and flow rate of the liquid cooling liquid to control the delivery amount of the liquid cooling liquid according to the fire.
Therefore, when the energy storage battery cabinet is out of control due to heat such as fire, the liquid cooling liquid of the liquid cooling unit is used as auxiliary fire control liquid for controlling the heat to be out of control, and a fire control liquid path in the case is additionally increased, so that the problems of small overall water storage quantity and insufficient fire extinguishing capacity of the existing fire control pipeline are solved, the spread of fire can be effectively controlled when the battery pack is out of control due to heat such as fire, and the safety of the energy storage battery cabinet is improved.
In connection with the description of the fire protection system, it can be further understood that a method for fire protection and extinguishment by using the energy storage battery cabinet is as shown in fig. 5: under the first condition, only main fire-fighting liquid of the fire-fighting unit is used for extinguishing fire, and liquid cooling liquid in the liquid cooling unit is still used for cooling the battery; and under the second condition, the liquid cooling liquid in the liquid cooling unit is used as auxiliary fire fighting liquid.
The judging of the first condition and the second condition includes the steps of: determining the rated time T of fire extinguishment E The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the According to, for example, formulasCalculating the predicted time t, ρ, required for the main fire fluid of the fire-fighting unit to counteract the heat released by the combustion of the battery Z Is the density of the main fire-fighting liquid, S 1 For the total area of the fire-fighting nozzle, V is the flow velocity of main fire-fighting liquid at the fire-fighting nozzle, M 0 Is the total mass of the main fire-fighting liquid sprayed, M 0 Through the formula of (2)Calculating to obtain; when the predicted time T exceeds or equals the rated time T E When the system is started, the second condition is started; when the predicted time T does not exceed the rated time T E When the system is in the first condition.
Specifically, when thermal management of the battery cells is out of control and a fire disaster occurs, the heat emitted by the battery cells in the single battery pack is assumed to be completely combusted:。
wherein q is the heat value of the cell, M B Is the total mass, q and M of the cells in a single battery pack B Are all constant. According to the heat calculation result, if combustion is required to be stopped, fire fighting liquid is required to be sprayed to fully absorb the heat.
The main fire-fighting liquid and the liquid cooling liquid are water. Assuming that the heat absorption efficiency of water is 100%, the amount of heat that water can absorb is，Wherein c v Is the specific heat capacity of water, r is the coefficient of latent heat of vaporization of water, deltaT is waterTemperature variation of M 0 Is the required total mass of water, m 2 Is the mass of the heated vaporized water, m 1 Is the mass of water remaining. Wherein c v And r is a constant.
If the fire is to be completely extinguished, Q T =Q w That is to say。
Simplifying the above steps to obtainThis means that the heat released by the combustion of the cells in the battery pack is equal to the sum of the heat absorption of vaporized water and the heat absorption of unvaporized liquid water.
As can be seen from the above, when the total amount of water discharged reaches the desired total mass M of water 0 At this time, the fire has been controlled as the heat released by the combustion is fully absorbed, preventing further damage. So that the fire extinguishing effect is good or not, depending on whether the total water amount reaches M in a shorter time 0 。M 0 Indicating the total amount of water required to extinguish the fire.
Because of the unsteady nature of the flow field and the mass contained within the fluid changes over time, the mass flow rate of the water sprayed by the fire fighting nozzle needs to be considered. It is now assumed that there is any single unit area a in the flow field and that the area a is small enough so that the velocities of the points on the area can be considered the same.
At a speed ofThe fluid micro-clusters passing through unit surface A move within dt time after passing through surface AThe swept volume S of the flow field unit surface A isWherein V is n Is the speed ofA component in the normal direction of the unit plane a.
Mass M through which the fluid flows overall s Is thatThis formula represents the mass of fluid flowing through flow field unit face a at dt times, i.e., the mass flow of fluid flowing through per unit time, ρ being the fluid density. Define the mass of fluid flowing per second through unit face A as the mass flow of face AIn kg/s, then the formula can be followedObtaining mass flow。
Since the fluid is continuous, it passes through the cellsIs of the mass flow rate of。
Summing the mass flow along the entire surface A is the mass flow of the fluid net outlet surface A, and taking the limit is the sum to be the area integral, namely the mass flow of the fluid net outlet surface A is calculated byThe unit is kg/s.
If the required water quantity is provided by the fire-fighting water pipe in one way, the total area S of the fire-fighting nozzle flows out 1 The sprayed water quantity, i.e. the total mass M of the main fire-fighting liquid sprayed 1 In relation to the time t required for the fire to extinguish completelyWherein V is the main fire control liquid flow rate of the fire control nozzle, ρ Z Is the density of the main fire-fighting liquid. According to the foregoing, if desiredFire is completely extinguished, Q is required T =Q w When the total water discharged reaches the required total water mass M 0 At this time, the heat released by the combustion is completely absorbed, so that the total mass M of the main fire-fighting liquid to be sprayed is completely extinguished 1 Satisfy M 1 =M 0 。
After the liquid cooling pipeline connected with the liquid cooling unit is additionally arranged in the battery pack, the fire-fighting liquid comprises two paths of sources, and the relation between the water spraying quantity, namely the total mass of the sprayed liquid and the estimated fire-extinguishing time t' after the two paths of sources are mixed is as follows:，S 2 is the total area of the spraying ports 28 after the liquid cooling liquid in the liquid cooling pipeline enters the auxiliary fire-fighting pipeline 29, S 1 For the total area of the fire-fighting nozzle, M 1 Is the total amount of main fire-fighting liquid in the fire-fighting pipeline, M 2 The total mass of the liquid cooling liquid in the liquid cooling pipeline entering the auxiliary fire-fighting pipeline is M 1 +M 2 。ρ Z Density of main fire-fighting liquid, ρ Y For the density of the liquid cooling liquid, V is the flow rate of the main fire fighting liquid, and V' is the flow rate of the liquid cooling liquid at the nozzle of the auxiliary fire fighting pipeline.
The total water quantity required by extinguishing fire is equal, namely M 0 =M 1 +M 2 WhileThe t' < t can be obviously compared, and the fact that the liquid cooling pipeline is used for auxiliary fire control in the battery pack has obvious effect when the same water quantity is used is proved.
The total water quantityBefore substitutionThe formula can be found:
where t' is the predicted fire extinguishing time after mixing of the two sources. Calculation ofArea S of spraying port on auxiliary fire-fighting pipeline of liquid cooling unit 2 And the flow velocity V ' of the liquid cooling liquid can be obtained by pre-giving the expected proper fire extinguishing time t ', or giving t ' according to the actual empirical value of fire extinguishing, and then obtaining S 2 And V'.
According to the formula, the fire control nozzle area S of the fire control unit can be obtained when the fire control unit and the liquid cooling unit meet the fire control requirement under the condition of serving as an auxiliary fire control system 1 In relation to the flow velocity V, and the area S of the spray opening 28 of the auxiliary fire-fighting pipeline 29 after auxiliary fire-fighting with liquid cooling liquid 2 And the relationship with the liquid cooling liquid flow velocity V' can guide the design of a pipeline of the auxiliary fire protection system of the liquid cooling unit in the battery pack.
The normal working temperature of the battery cell is below 50 ℃, when the temperature of the battery cell exceeds 50 ℃, the potential characteristics of existing combustion are described, and at the moment, a fire control nozzle is required to be opened for pre-fire control treatment.
However, during combustion, the cell temperature rises instantaneously, and it is necessary to assume that the individual cells are completely burned. When a single cell burns, surrounding cells are driven to burn together, and the whole battery pack is likely to burn, so that a control scheme for auxiliary fire control of a fire-fighting unit and a liquid cooling unit can be obtained through the formula.
A temperature sensor is arranged on each cell at the position of the aluminum bar connected in series and is used for detecting the temperature of the single cell in thermal runaway. If the temperature of the battery cell is detected to be suddenly increased, a fire-fighting pipeline is opened, and the calculation formula is usedThe heat released by the complete combustion of the single battery cell can be obtained, and then the expected time required by the water spraying of the single fire-fighting pipeline to counteract the heat released by the combustion of the battery can be calculated according to the calculation formula of the nozzle area of the fire-fighting pipeline and the pipeline flow velocity.
The principle of calculating the estimated time by the heat released by the complete combustion of the cell is as follows: the mass (Kg) of the vaporized main fire-fighting liquid multiplied by the vaporization latent heat (KJ/Kg) within the expected time (unit s) to obtain the vaporization heat absorption quantity and the unvaporized main fire-fighting liquidThe sum of the heat absorbed by the masses is equal to the heat released by the cell (KJ), so that the extinguishing time required is given by the assumption that the entire fire-fighting liquid can vaporize and absorb heat。
However, in the actual fire extinguishing process, not all fire-fighting liquid can be vaporized, so that the formula is adoptedAnd the ratio of the mass of the vaporized fire-fighting liquid to the mass of the unvaporized residual fire-fighting liquid in the actual fire extinguishment, and calculating to obtain the total water quantity M required by fire extinguishment 0 . For example, the vaporized water in actual fire extinguishing accounts for 1% -2% of the total water, and the vaporized water accounts for 2% of the total water,obtaining the total water quantity M required by fire extinguishment 0 。
The selection of the vaporization ratio is determined by the staff according to the specific fire extinguishing scene.
Based on the estimated time T and the rated time T of fire extinguishment E To judge. Rated time T for fire fighting E Refers to the longest time that the main fire-fighting liquid contained in a single fire-fighting pipeline can be continuously sprayed to extinguish fire, and is taken as the fire-fighting limit. The expected time T is greater than the rated time T E The fire is extinguished for too long, and part or all of the liquid cooling liquid is needed to assist; the expected time T is less than the rated time T E It indicates that the time to extinguish the fire is acceptable.
More preferably, the duty ratio of the pump in the liquid cooling unit is set to exceed the rated time T from the expected time T E The difference of the two liquid cooling liquid is positively correlated, and the fact that the duty ratio of the pump directly influences the flow speed and the flow rate of the liquid cooling liquid is considered, so that when the fire-fighting unit needs the liquid cooling liquid to assist in fire extinguishment, the duty ratio of the pump determines the assisting degree of the liquid cooling liquid.
For example, when 0s<t<11.4s, the heat released by the combustion of the battery core does not exceed the fire-fighting capability limit of the fire-fighting system completely, and the thermal runaway can be effectively controlled by a single fire-fighting unit. At this time, 11.4s is the foreheadTime T E 。
When 11.4s < t <35.6s, the heat released by the combustion of the battery core exceeds the fire-fighting capacity limit of the fire-fighting system, and the liquid cooling unit is needed to assist the fire-fighting system in spraying. The three-way valve outside the thermal runaway battery module is changed from one-way conduction with the liquid cooling plate to one-way conduction with an auxiliary fire-fighting pipeline of the liquid cooling unit, and the liquid cooling unit is operated at a duty ratio of 50%, so that cooling liquid is sprayed out along a spraying opening on the auxiliary fire-fighting pipeline in the battery pack to assist fire of a fire-fighting system.
When 35.6s < t, the heat released by the combustion of the battery core is far beyond the fire-fighting capacity limit of the fire-fighting system, the auxiliary fire-fighting system of the liquid cooling unit is needed to assist in spraying, the three-way valve outside the thermal runaway battery pack is changed from unidirectional conduction with the liquid cooling plate to unidirectional conduction with an auxiliary fire-fighting pipeline, namely, the first outlet is opened, the second outlet is closed, and the liquid cooling unit is operated at full power, so that cooling liquid is sprayed out along a spraying opening on the auxiliary fire-fighting pipeline in the battery pack, and the fire extinguishing of the fire-fighting system is assisted.
The method is used as a design principle, and the establishment of a fire protection system can be guided. In one embodiment, the fire protection system employs a single fire protection nozzle, with a nozzle area of 12 square millimeters, and a main fire protection fluid flow rate of 1.2m/s. The liquid cooling unit is arranged around the battery module, liquid cooling liquid in the liquid cooling pipeline is used as auxiliary fire fighting liquid at the same time, so that the faster the flow speed is, the better the fire fighting effect is, the flow speed is related to three factors, and the power of the liquid cooling unit, the cross section area of the pipeline and the flow resistance inside the whole pipeline are all related.
The power of the liquid cooling unit is controlled by a program. When the pump power is fixed, the mass flow of the inflowing liquid cooling liquid can be determined. If the better fire-fighting effect is realized, the flow rate of the liquid cooling liquid is calculated to be 0.8m/s, and the cross section area of the pipeline can be further calculated to be 314 square millimeters. Preferably, in order to increase the spraying area, when the liquid cooling pipeline of the liquid cooling unit is designed, a 400mm straight pipeline is arranged behind the water inlet, then the liquid cooling pipeline passes through a curved arc with the radius of 200mm, then the liquid cooling pipeline continuously enters the straight pipeline, and then the liquid cooling pipeline reaches an arc with the radius of 200mm, and the pipeline of the water outlet is in mirror symmetry, so that the spraying area is remarkably increased, and the fire performance is improved.
On the inner pipe, 8 spray nozzles are uniformly distributed as water outlet points for spraying water to all the battery modules 100 at a water flow rate of 0.8m/s according to the formulaThe spout area of each spray nozzle was calculated to be 15 square millimeters.
The invention uses specific words to describe embodiments of the invention. Reference to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," and/or "some embodiments" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is associated with at least one embodiment of the invention. Thus, it should be emphasized and should be appreciated that two or more references to "an embodiment" or "one embodiment" or "an alternative embodiment" in various positions in this specification are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, certain features, structures, or characteristics of one or more embodiments of the invention may be combined as suitable.
While the invention has been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limiting, but rather to the invention, as will occur to those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, any modification, equivalent variation and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical substance of the present invention fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The method for fire extinguishment of the energy storage battery cabinet is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
in a first condition, using only the main fire fluid within the fire unit;
under the second condition, the liquid cooling liquid in the liquid cooling unit is used as auxiliary fire fighting liquid;
wherein the judging of the first condition and the second condition includes the steps of:
determining the rated time of fire fighting;
the estimated time required for the main fire fighting liquid of the fire fighting unit to counteract the heat released by the combustion of the battery is calculated,
when the predicted time exceeds or equals the rated time, enabling the system to start the second condition; when the estimated time does not exceed the rated time, putting the system under the first condition;
according toCalculating the predicted time required by the main fire fluid of the fire-fighting unit to counteract the heat released by the combustion of the battery, wherein ρ Z Is the density of the main fire-fighting liquid, S 1 For the total area of the fire-fighting nozzle, V is the flow velocity of main fire-fighting liquid at the fire-fighting nozzle, M 0 Is the total mass of the main fire-fighting liquid sprayed.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the area S of the sprinkler ports on the auxiliary fire line of the liquid cooling unit is determined according to the following equation when the system is in the second condition 2 And liquid-cooled liquid flow rate V':
wherein q is the heating value of the cell, ρ Z Density of main fire-fighting liquid, ρ Y Is the density of liquid cooling liquid, m 2 Is the mass of the heated and vaporized water, V is the flow rate of the main fire-fighting liquid, S 1 For the total area of the fire-fighting nozzle, M B Is the total mass of the cells in a single battery pack c v Is the specific heat capacity of water, r is the coefficient of the latent heat of vaporization of water, deltaT is the temperature variation of water, and T' is the predicted extinguishing time after two sources are mixed.
3. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of:
the duty ratio of the pump in the liquid cooling unit is positively correlated with the difference between the predicted time and the rated time.
4. A method according to claim 3, characterized in that the method comprises the following strategies:
when 0s < the expected time <11.4s, placing the system in the first condition, the liquid cooling liquid being used for cooling;
when 11.4s < the expected time <35.6s, placing the system in the second condition and operating the pump in the liquid cooling unit at a 50% duty cycle;
when the predicted time is greater than 35.6s, the system is placed in the second condition and the pump in the fluid cooling unit is operated at full power.
5. An energy storage battery cabinet fire protection system, characterized in that a method for realizing fire protection and extinguishment of an energy storage battery cabinet according to any one of claims 1-4, comprises:
the fire-fighting unit is used for providing main fire-fighting liquid;
the liquid cooling unit comprises a liquid cooling pipeline, and liquid cooling liquid in the liquid cooling pipeline is also used as auxiliary fire fighting liquid.
6. The system of claim 5, wherein the liquid cooling unit further comprises an auxiliary fire pipe, a liquid cooling plate, and a three-way valve disposed on the liquid cooling pipe, the auxiliary fire pipe disposed around the battery module, the auxiliary fire pipe further comprising a plurality of spray nozzles, the three-way valve comprising an inlet, a first outlet, a second outlet, the inlet for inputting liquid cooling liquid, the first outlet and the second outlet being connected to the auxiliary fire pipe and the liquid cooling plate, respectively.
7. The system of claim 6, wherein the first outlet and the second outlet are in alternative communication.
8. The system of claim 6, wherein the fluid cooling unit further comprises a pump for regulating the flow rate and flow rate of the fluid cooling fluid.
9. The system of claim 6, further comprising a temperature sensor and a control module, wherein the control module is in two-way signal connection with the temperature sensor and a three-way valve of the fluid cooling unit.
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