CN117239742A - Photovoltaic array global reconstruction device and method based on improved ant colony algorithm - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation and discloses a photovoltaic array global reconstruction device based on an improved ant colony algorithm. The method comprises the steps of determining and reconstructing based on a short-circuit current value of the photovoltaic array; measuring the short-circuit current of each photovoltaic cell when reconstruction is needed; converting the photovoltaic array structure into a tree structure, establishing a tree structure path based on an ant colony algorithm, and generating a reconstruction method of the photovoltaic array; the FPGA chip acquires a reconstruction method, a reconstruction scheme is sent to the main control chip, and the main control chip controls the upper relay set and the lower relay set through the decoder. The invention effectively improves the output power and the overall performance of the photovoltaic array, reduces the energy loss, and introduces the ant colony algorithm to reduce the complexity of the reconstruction algorithm.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, and particularly relates to a photovoltaic array global reconstruction device and method based on an improved ant colony algorithm.
Background
The conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell is low and is easily affected by the external environment and the manufacturing process. The photovoltaic array is also easily interfered by various random factors such as flying birds, cloud cover, nearby buildings and unreasonable layout in operation, so that shadow shielding problems occur in partial areas, and the photovoltaic output is unstable.
Conventional photovoltaic arrays typically have bypass diodes connected in parallel between a plurality of photovoltaic cells in order to mitigate the adverse effects of shadowing effects on the photovoltaic system. When a single or multiple photovoltaic cells are in shadow, the bypass diode will switch from a reverse bias state to a forward conducting state due to a negative voltage across the cells. The photovoltaic cell covered by the shadow can form a self loop without losing the power output of the whole photovoltaic array, and the generation of a hot spot effect is avoided.
However, the bypass diode introduces additional conduction loss and power consumption, reduces the overall efficiency of the system, and also causes the problem of multiple peak values of the photovoltaic array, so that global maximum power tracking, namely GMPPT algorithm, is adopted to solve the problem, but when facing complex shadows or faults, the accuracy of the algorithm is insufficient, the overall output power is reduced, and the limitation exists.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a photovoltaic array global reconstruction device and a method thereof based on an improved ant colony algorithm, which aim to solve the technical problems.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the photovoltaic array global reconstruction device based on the improved ant colony algorithm comprises a plurality of photovoltaic cell groups, a decoder, a total current sampling circuit, a main control chip and an FPGA chip, wherein each photovoltaic cell group comprises a photovoltaic cell, a current sampling circuit, an upper relay group, a lower relay group and the decoder; the photovoltaic cell is respectively connected with the current sampling circuit, the upper relay group and the lower relay group, and the decoder is respectively connected with the upper relay group and the lower relay group; during reconstruction, a plurality of photovoltaic cells are connected in parallel and then connected in series to form a photovoltaic array, and the photovoltaic array is connected with a total current sampling circuit; the FPGA chip is connected with the main control chip, and the main control chip is respectively connected with all the current sampling circuits and the decoders.
Further, the upper relay set is connected with the anode of the photovoltaic cell, and the lower relay set is connected with the cathode of the photovoltaic cell.
A photovoltaic array global reconstruction method based on an improved ant colony algorithm and a photovoltaic array global reconstruction device based on the improved ant colony algorithm comprise the following steps:
step a, determining reconstruction based on a short-circuit current value of the photovoltaic array;
step b, when reconstruction is needed, measuring the short-circuit current of each photovoltaic cell by using a current sampling circuit;
step c, converting the photovoltaic array structure into a tree structure, establishing a tree structure path based on an ant colony algorithm, and generating a reconstruction method of the photovoltaic array;
and d, the FPGA chip acquires a reconstruction method, a reconstruction scheme is sent to a main control chip, and the main control chip controls the upper relay set and the lower relay set through a decoder.
Further, the adopted photovoltaic array structure is a net-shaped connection structure.
Further, the step a includes: step a1, reading short-circuit voltage values at two ends of a photovoltaic cell, and collecting short-circuit current values of the whole photovoltaic array; and a2, judging whether the photovoltaic array is shielded according to the short-circuit current value, if the short-circuit current value is lower than a set threshold value, shielding for reconstruction, and if the short-circuit current value is higher than or equal to the set threshold value, normally operating.
Further, the step b includes: step b1, when reconstruction is carried out, the main control chip controls the photovoltaic array to be disconnected; and b2, the current sampling circuit reads the short-circuit current of each photovoltaic cell in the photovoltaic array, and the read short-circuit current parameters are transmitted to the FPGA chip through the bus.
Further, the step c includes:
step c1, establishing a distribution model of the photovoltaic array, and obtaining the serial number of the photovoltaic array and the number of the photovoltaic cells needing to be reconstructed in the distribution model;
step c2, using the serial number of the photovoltaic array as the node branch number of the dendrogram, using the number of the photovoltaic cells needing to be reconstructed as the dendrogram layer number, and converting the distribution model of the photovoltaic array into a dendrogram model;
step c3, selecting a current node i to select a path, wherein the method for selecting a next node j by the current node i is as follows:
；
wherein J is a path selection method, I is a set from a current node I to all nodes connected next, k belongs to the set I, and q is [0,1]Random number of interval, q 0 Is [0,1]The interval-adjustable selection probability parameter is used for selecting the selection probability parameter,heuristic value of k path is selected for current node i,/->Is [0,1]Interval fixed parameters for adjusting the ratio of heuristic value to pheromone action weight, and ++>Selecting a pheromone of a k path for a current node i;
wherein,；L a for all photovoltaic cell sets selected by the current ant in the ant colony algorithm, n belongs to the set L a B is the short-circuit current set of all photovoltaic cells sampled in the step B, B n For n photovoltaic cell short-circuit current, L k Selecting all photovoltaic cell sets of the array row corresponding to the k node for the current ant, wherein m belongs to the set L k ，B m Short-circuit current for m photovoltaic cells;
sequentially calculating the selection probability of the current node i, and then adopting a roulette selection method to find the path of the next node j according to the selection probability:
；
probability of selecting next node j for ant from current node i, +.>Pheromone for current node i to next node j,/->Heuristic values from the current node i to the next node j are obtained;
step c4, after the iteration of the ant colony algorithm is completed, carrying out operation on the expected function carried in by the scheme obtained by each ant:
；
d is a desired function value, A is a photovoltaic array row number set, q belongs to sets A and L q For all photovoltaic cells on row q of the photovoltaic array, n belongs to the set L q ，B n Short-circuit current for n photovoltaic cells;
counting expected function values of all ants, selecting ants with the largest expected function values, acquiring paths selected by the ants as a set L, wherein the set L is an iterative optimal path of the round of algorithm, and constructing a non-optimal path of the round as a set Q; the pheromone on all paths is updated by the following steps:
；
wherein la belongs to the set L,iterating the pheromone on the la path for the next round of algorithm,/>For information on the current la pathElement n is the current tree level, m is the total level,/->For initial value of pheromone, ρ is [0,1]Interval adjustable pheromone updating parameters;
carrying out pheromone volatilization on unselected paths, wherein the volatilization method comprises the following steps:
；
wherein,for the pheromone on the lb path of the next round of algorithm iteration, lb belongs to set Q,，/>is the current optimal value;
and c5, repeating the steps c3 to c4 for a plurality of iterations to obtain a reconstruction scheme of the optimal solution with the whole path being the current photovoltaic array.
Further, the step d includes:
step d1, transmitting a reconstruction scheme of the photovoltaic array to a main control chip through a bus, and sending a signal to a decoder by the main control chip according to the reconstruction scheme, wherein the decoder controls a relay group on a corresponding photovoltaic cell to complete connection according to the signal; and d2, connecting the upper relay set with the anode of the photovoltaic cell, connecting the lower relay set with the cathode of the photovoltaic cell, and adopting a decoder to realize the switching of the anode and cathode connection of the photovoltaic cell so as to reconstruct the photovoltaic array.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention adopts a TCT net connection mode structure, carries out reconstruction judgment based on the short-circuit current value of the photovoltaic array, carries out global dynamic reconstruction on the photovoltaic array by utilizing an ant colony algorithm when the reconstruction is judged to be needed, and is used for solving the problem of partial shadow shielding. The invention effectively improves the output power and the overall performance of the photovoltaic array, reduces the energy loss, and reduces the reconstruction complexity by introducing an ant colony algorithm.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic array global reconstruction device based on an improved ant colony algorithm.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic array global reconstruction method based on an improved ant colony algorithm.
Wherein, the names corresponding to the reference numerals are:
1-a photovoltaic cell; a 2-current sampling circuit; 3-upper relay group; 4-lower relay group; a 5-decoder; 6-photovoltaic array; 7-a total current sampling circuit; 8-a main control chip; 9-FPGA chip.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; of course, it may be mechanically or electrically connected; in addition, the connection may be direct, indirect via an intermediate medium, or communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
As shown in fig. 1, a photovoltaic array global reconstruction device based on an improved ant colony algorithm comprises a plurality of photovoltaic cell groups, a decoder 5, a total current sampling circuit 7, a main control chip 8 and an FPGA chip 9, wherein each photovoltaic cell group comprises a photovoltaic cell 1, a current sampling circuit 2, an upper relay group 3, a lower relay group 4 and a decoder 5; the photovoltaic cell 1 is respectively connected with the current sampling circuit 2, the upper relay group 3 and the lower relay group 4, and the decoder 5 is respectively connected with the upper relay group 3 and the lower relay group 4; during reconstruction, a plurality of photovoltaic cells are connected in parallel and then connected in series to form a photovoltaic array 6, and the photovoltaic array 6 is connected with a total current sampling circuit 7; the FPGA chip 9 is connected with the main control chip 8, and the main control chip 8 is respectively connected with all the current sampling circuits 2 and the decoders 5.
Preferably, the upper relay set 3 is connected with the positive electrode of the photovoltaic cell 1, and the lower relay set 4 is connected with the negative electrode of the photovoltaic cell 1.
As shown in fig. 2, a photovoltaic array global reconstruction method based on an improved ant colony algorithm comprises the following steps:
step a, determining reconstruction based on a short-circuit current value of the photovoltaic array;
step b, when reconstruction is needed, measuring the short-circuit current of each photovoltaic cell by using a current sampling circuit;
step c, converting the photovoltaic array structure into a tree structure, establishing a tree structure path based on an ant colony algorithm, and generating a reconstruction method of the photovoltaic array;
and d, the FPGA chip acquires a reconstruction method, a reconstruction scheme is sent to a main control chip, and the main control chip controls the upper relay set and the lower relay set through a decoder.
Preferably, the photovoltaic array structure is a net-shaped connection structure.
The photovoltaic cell is a photovoltaic cell used for reconstruction, and a photovoltaic array is obtained after the full reconstruction is completed. Each photovoltaic cell is disconnected with each other when the photovoltaic array is reconfigured, and then connected in parallel and then connected in series according to the current reconfiguration strategy to reconfigure the photovoltaic array.
Compared with other structures, the net-shaped connection mode structure of the photovoltaic array has a better effect of inhibiting mismatch loss.
Preferably, the step a includes: step a1, reading short-circuit voltage values at two ends of a photovoltaic cell, and collecting short-circuit current values of the whole photovoltaic array; and a2, judging whether the photovoltaic array is shielded according to the short-circuit current value, if the short-circuit current value is lower than a set threshold value, shielding for reconstruction, and if the short-circuit current value is higher than or equal to the set threshold value, normally operating.
In the step a1, after the shadow shielding situation occurs, the power generated by the shielded photovoltaic cell is reduced, and the research proves that the maximum power generated by the photovoltaic cell and the short-circuit current at two ends of the photovoltaic cell are in a proportional relation, and the open-circuit voltage at two ends of the photovoltaic cell is in a logarithmic relation, so that the situation of the maximum power at the moment can be obtained by reading the short-circuit voltage at two ends of the photovoltaic cell; when the photovoltaic cell is shaded, the power of the whole photovoltaic array is reduced, so that the situation that whether the photovoltaic cell is shaded or not can be judged by collecting the short-circuit current value of the whole photovoltaic array. The short-circuit current value is read by using a short-circuit current sampling circuit which can cause the photovoltaic cell to generate short circuit, and adding a sampling resistor in the short-circuit, wherein the value of the sampling resistor cannot influence the generation of the maximum short-circuit current of the photovoltaic cell. When the short-circuit current passes through the sampling resistor, a pressure difference is generated at two ends of the sampling resistor, an operational amplifier is adopted to form a resistor follower, and the voltage at two ends of the sampling resistor is connected to an analog-to-digital converter through the resistor follower to carry out analog-to-digital conversion, so that the pressure difference at two ends of the resistor and the resistance value of the sampling resistor are obtained. The short-circuit current value at this time of the photovoltaic cell is obtained by ohm's law. When the voltage is collected, an operational amplifier is used, and a voltage follower is built according to the characteristics of large input resistance and small output resistance of the operational amplifier, so that the influence of a short circuit current sampling circuit on a short circuit loop is reduced, and a more accurate short circuit current value is obtained.
In the step a2, the setting threshold is set according to the field condition and the photovoltaic cell condition. Reference is made to 3 aspects: 1. the corresponding rated power can be obtained according to the parameters of the photovoltaic cell, the short-circuit current value during normal operation can be obtained according to the rated power, and when the measured short-circuit current value is lower than the value, abnormal operation of the photovoltaic cell is indicated, and the situation that the photovoltaic cell is blocked by shadow occurs; 2. according to the use scene, a certain party can not output the full power of the photovoltaic cell in normal use, so that the threshold value can be reduced to prevent false touch; 3. the trigger sensitivity is set according to the trigger sensitivity, the larger the threshold setting is, the higher the trigger sensitivity is, whereas the smaller the threshold setting is, the lower the trigger sensitivity is.
Preferably, the step b includes: step b1, when reconstruction is carried out, the main control chip controls the photovoltaic array to be disconnected; and b2, the current sampling circuit reads the short-circuit current of each photovoltaic cell in the photovoltaic array, and the read short-circuit current parameters are transmitted to the FPGA chip through the bus.
In the step b1, the TCT mesh connection structure adopted by the photovoltaic array is macroscopically required to control the photovoltaic cells to be incorporated into the designated array row, so that both ends of the photovoltaic cells need to jump, the upper relay set is used for jumping the anode of the photovoltaic cells, the lower relay set is used for jumping the cathode of the photovoltaic cells, and if reconstruction occurs, the upper relay set and the lower relay set need to be disconnected, so that the photovoltaic cells are separated from the photovoltaic array. Step b2 is sampling of short-circuit current values of the single photovoltaic cells, and current power parameters of each photovoltaic cell are needed when reconstruction operation is carried out, so that the short-circuit current of each photovoltaic cell is needed to be sampled to obtain the power parameters. After the short-circuit current of all photovoltaic cells is collected, the short-circuit current is stored in a register appointed by an FPGA chip, the short-circuit current represents the power parameter of each photovoltaic cell, the power parameter is involved in the array reconstruction operation to improve the calculation of an ant colony algorithm expected function until the expected function reaches an approximate optimal value, and the scheme at the moment is the optimal scheme of current reconstruction, wherein the expected function is to maximize the minimum short-circuit current value in the short-circuit current output by the photovoltaic array.
Preferably, the step c includes: step c1, establishing a distribution model of the photovoltaic array, and obtaining the serial number of the photovoltaic array and the number of the photovoltaic cells needing to be reconstructed in the distribution model; the step c1, wherein the series number of the photovoltaic arrays is the series number of the photovoltaic arrays after the photovoltaic cells are connected in parallel and then connected in series, the series number of the photovoltaic arrays determines the voltage output range of the whole array, and then the series number is determined according to specific application environments;
step c2, using the serial number of the photovoltaic array as the node branch number of the dendrogram, using the number of the photovoltaic cells needing to be reconstructed as the dendrogram layer number, and converting the distribution model of the photovoltaic array into a dendrogram model;
step c3, selecting a current node i to select a path, wherein the method for selecting a next node j by the current node i is as follows:
；
wherein J is a path selection method, I is a set from a current node I to all nodes connected next, k belongs to the set I, and q is [0,1]Random number of interval, q 0 Is [0,1]The interval-adjustable selection probability parameter is used for selecting the selection probability parameter,heuristic value of k path is selected for current node i,/->Is [0,1]Interval fixed parameters for adjusting the ratio of heuristic value to pheromone action weight, and ++>Selecting a pheromone of a k path for a current node i;
wherein,；L a for all photovoltaic cell sets selected by the current ant in the ant colony algorithm, n belongs to the set L a B is the short-circuit current set of all photovoltaic cells sampled in the step B, B n For n photovoltaic cell short-circuit current, L k Selecting all photovoltaic cell sets of the array row corresponding to the k node for the current ant, wherein m belongs to the set L k ，B m Short-circuit current for m photovoltaic cells;
sequentially calculating the selection probability of the current node i, and then adopting a roulette selection method to find the path of the next node j according to the selection probability:
；
probability of selecting next node j for ant from current node i, +.>Pheromone for current node i to next node j,/->Heuristic values from the current node i to the next node j are obtained; in the step c3, the heuristic value and the pheromone are calculation methods in the ant colony algorithm. The ant colony algorithm is a calculation method for simulating ant behaviors, and when an ant selects a next path, the selection of the next path is completed under the combined action of a heuristic value and a pheromone. The heuristic value has different setting methods in different application scenes, and the embodiment takes the value of the short-circuit current value of each row of the current photovoltaic array as the heuristic value; each ant selects the path to increase the pheromone of the path, the unselected path reduces the pheromone, which is equivalent to volatilization of the pheromone and is used for simulating the law of foraging behavior of the ant colony, and the pheromone of the path can influence the selection of other ants on the path;
step c4, after the iteration of the ant colony algorithm is completed, carrying out operation on the expected function carried in by the scheme obtained by each ant:
；
d is a desired function value, A is a photovoltaic array row number set, q belongs to sets A and L q For all photovoltaic cells on row q of the photovoltaic array, n belongs to the set L q ，B n Short-circuit current for n photovoltaic cells;
counting expected function values of all ants, selecting ants with the largest expected function values, acquiring paths selected by the ants as a set L, wherein the set L is an iterative optimal path of the round of algorithm, and constructing a non-optimal path of the round as a set Q;
the pheromone on all paths is updated by the following steps:
；
wherein la belongs to the set L,iterating the pheromone on the la path for the next round of algorithm,/>Is the pheromone on the current la path, n is the current tree level, m is the total level,/->For initial value of pheromone, ρ is [0,1]Interval adjustable pheromone updating parameters;
carrying out pheromone volatilization on unselected paths, wherein the volatilization method comprises the following steps:
；
wherein,for the pheromone on the lb path of the next round of algorithm iteration, lb belongs to set Q,，/>is the current optimal value; in the step c4, all paths are updated. The conventional ant colony algorithm is often used for selecting a multi-node path, and meanwhile, the conventional pheromone updating is improved. The update change amplitude of the pheromone can be increased along with the increase of the tree level, so that the premature convergence of the tree top layer can be effectively avoided to fall into local optimum;
and c5, repeating the steps c3 to c4 for a plurality of iterations to obtain a reconstruction scheme of the optimal solution with the whole path being the current photovoltaic array.
Preferably, the step d includes: step d1, transmitting a reconstruction scheme of the photovoltaic array to a main control chip through a bus, and sending a signal to a decoder by the main control chip according to the reconstruction scheme, wherein the decoder controls a relay group on a corresponding photovoltaic cell to complete connection according to the signal; and d2, connecting the upper relay set with the anode of the photovoltaic cell, connecting the lower relay set with the cathode of the photovoltaic cell, and adopting a decoder to realize the switching of the anode and cathode connection of the photovoltaic cell so as to reconstruct the photovoltaic array.
In the step d1, the control of a plurality of relays is completed by using fewer leads through the decoder, so that the condition that the photovoltaic cells are integrated into the photovoltaic array with the TCT network connection mode structure is met. In the step d2, the adopted photovoltaic array structure is a TCT mesh connection mode structure, and is formed by connecting a plurality of photovoltaic cells in parallel and then connecting the photovoltaic cells in series, if the photovoltaic cells change in the photovoltaic array, the positive and negative poles of the photovoltaic cells are all connected again, only one row of the photovoltaic array can be connected, and the photovoltaic array cannot be connected singly in a crossing manner, so that the control of adopting a decoder is facilitated to realize the rule. The output end of the decoder has only one effective port, the switching of the photovoltaic cells is completed through fewer leads, and the selection of the range of the decoder depends on the serial number of the photovoltaic arrays.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, but not limiting the scope of the present invention; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the corresponding technical solutions; that is, even though the main design concept and spirit of the present invention is modified or finished in an insubstantial manner, the technical problem solved by the present invention is still consistent with the present invention, and all the technical problems are included in the protection scope of the present invention; in addition, the technical scheme of the invention is directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, and the technical scheme is included in the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The photovoltaic array global reconstruction device based on the improved ant colony algorithm is characterized by comprising a plurality of photovoltaic cell groups, a decoder (5), a total current sampling circuit (7), a main control chip (8) and an FPGA chip (9), wherein each photovoltaic cell group comprises a photovoltaic cell (1), a current sampling circuit (2), an upper relay group (3), a lower relay group (4) and the decoder (5); the photovoltaic cell (1) is respectively connected with the current sampling circuit (2), the upper relay set (3) and the lower relay set (4), and the decoder (5) is respectively connected with the upper relay set (3) and the lower relay set (4); during reconstruction, a plurality of photovoltaic cells are connected in parallel and then connected in series to form a photovoltaic array (6), and the photovoltaic array (6) is connected with a total current sampling circuit (7); the FPGA chip (9) is connected with the main control chip (8), and the main control chip (8) is respectively connected with all the current sampling circuits (2) and the decoder (5).
2. The photovoltaic array global reconstruction device based on the improved ant colony algorithm according to claim 1, wherein the upper relay group (3) is connected with the positive electrode of the photovoltaic cell (1), and the lower relay group (4) is connected with the negative electrode of the photovoltaic cell (1).
3. A photovoltaic array global reconstruction method based on an improved ant colony algorithm and a reconstruction device based on claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step a, determining reconstruction based on a short-circuit current value of the photovoltaic array;
step b, when reconstruction is needed, measuring the short-circuit current of each photovoltaic cell by using a current sampling circuit;
step c, converting the photovoltaic array structure into a tree structure, establishing a tree structure path based on an ant colony algorithm, and generating a reconstruction method of the photovoltaic array;
and d, the FPGA chip acquires a reconstruction method, a reconstruction scheme is sent to a main control chip, and the main control chip controls the upper relay set and the lower relay set through a decoder.
4. The method for globally reconstructing a photovoltaic array based on an improved ant colony algorithm according to claim 3, wherein the photovoltaic array structure is a mesh connection structure.
5. A method for global reconstruction of a photovoltaic array based on an improved ant colony algorithm according to claim 3, wherein step a comprises: step a1, reading short-circuit voltage values at two ends of a photovoltaic cell, and collecting short-circuit current values of the whole photovoltaic array; and a2, judging whether the photovoltaic array is shielded according to the short-circuit current value, if the short-circuit current value is lower than a set threshold value, shielding for reconstruction, and if the short-circuit current value is higher than or equal to the set threshold value, normally operating.
6. A method for global reconstruction of a photovoltaic array based on an improved ant colony algorithm according to claim 3, wherein said step b comprises: step b1, when reconstruction is carried out, the main control chip controls the photovoltaic array to be disconnected; and b2, the current sampling circuit reads the short-circuit current of each photovoltaic cell in the photovoltaic array, and the read short-circuit current parameters are transmitted to the FPGA chip through the bus.
7. A method for global reconstruction of a photovoltaic array based on an improved ant colony algorithm according to claim 3, wherein said step c comprises:
step c1, establishing a distribution model of the photovoltaic array, and obtaining the serial number of the photovoltaic array and the number of the photovoltaic cells needing to be reconstructed in the distribution model;
step c2, using the serial number of the photovoltaic array as the node branch number of the dendrogram, using the number of the photovoltaic cells needing to be reconstructed as the dendrogram layer number, and converting the distribution model of the photovoltaic array into a dendrogram model;
step c3, selecting a current node i to select a path, wherein the method for selecting a next node j by the current node i is as follows:
；
wherein J is a path selection method, I is a set from a current node I to all nodes connected next, k belongs to the set I, and q is [0,1]Random number of interval, q 0 Is [0,1]The interval-adjustable selection probability parameter is used for selecting the selection probability parameter,heuristic value of k path is selected for current node i,/->Is [0,1]Interval fixed parameters for adjusting the ratio of heuristic value to pheromone action weight, and ++>Selecting a pheromone of a k path for a current node i;
wherein,；L a for all photovoltaic cell sets selected by the current ant in the ant colony algorithm, n belongs to the set L a B is the short-circuit current set of all photovoltaic cells sampled in the step B, B n For n photovoltaic cell short-circuit current, L k Selecting all photovoltaic cell sets of the array row corresponding to the k node for the current ant, wherein m belongs to the set L k ，B m Short-circuit current for m photovoltaic cells;
sequentially calculating the selection probability of the current node i, and then adopting a roulette selection method to find the path of the next node j according to the selection probability:
；
probability of selecting next node j for ant from current node i, +.>Pheromone for current node i to next node j,/->Heuristic values from the current node i to the next node j are obtained;
step c4, after the iteration of the ant colony algorithm is completed, carrying out operation on the expected function carried in by the scheme obtained by each ant:
；
d is a desired function value, A is a photovoltaic array row number set, q belongs to sets A and L q For all photovoltaic cells on row q of the photovoltaic array, n belongs to the set L q ，B n Short-circuit current for n photovoltaic cells;
counting expected function values of all ants, selecting ants with the largest expected function values, acquiring paths selected by the ants as a set L, wherein the set L is an iterative optimal path of the round of algorithm, and constructing a non-optimal path of the round as a set Q; the pheromone on all paths is updated by the following steps:
；
wherein la belongs to the set L,iterating the pheromone on the la path for the next round of algorithm,/>Is the pheromone on the current la path, n is the current tree level, m is the total level,/->For initial value of pheromone, ρ is [0,1]Interval adjustable pheromone updating parameters;
carrying out pheromone volatilization on unselected paths, wherein the volatilization method comprises the following steps:
；
wherein,for the next round of algorithm iteration of pheromones on lb path, lb belongs to set Q,/->，Is the current optimal value;
and c5, repeating the steps c3 to c4 for a plurality of iterations to obtain a reconstruction scheme of the optimal solution with the whole path being the current photovoltaic array.
8. A method for global reconstruction of a photovoltaic array based on an improved ant colony algorithm according to claim 3, wherein said step d comprises:
step d1, transmitting a reconstruction scheme of the photovoltaic array to a main control chip through a bus, and sending a signal to a decoder by the main control chip according to the reconstruction scheme, wherein the decoder controls a relay group on a corresponding photovoltaic cell to complete connection according to the signal; and d2, connecting the upper relay set with the anode of the photovoltaic cell, connecting the lower relay set with the cathode of the photovoltaic cell, and adopting a decoder to realize the switching of the anode and cathode connection of the photovoltaic cell so as to reconstruct the photovoltaic array.
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