CN117238605A - Superconducting magnet device and ultralow temperature system - Google Patents
Superconducting magnet device and ultralow temperature system Download PDFInfo
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- CN117238605A CN117238605A CN202311331891.4A CN202311331891A CN117238605A CN 117238605 A CN117238605 A CN 117238605A CN 202311331891 A CN202311331891 A CN 202311331891A CN 117238605 A CN117238605 A CN 117238605A
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- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 40
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 40
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 40
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004377 microelectronic Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F6/00—Superconducting magnets; Superconducting coils
- H01F6/06—Coils, e.g. winding, insulating, terminating or casing arrangements therefor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F6/00—Superconducting magnets; Superconducting coils
- H01F6/04—Cooling
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Containers, Films, And Cooling For Superconductive Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The application relates to a superconducting magnet device and an ultralow temperature system, and belongs to the technical field of superconducting magnets. Comprising the following steps: a superconducting coil; a first pipe including a receiving chamber for receiving a coolant; the first pipeline surrounds the circumference of the superconducting coil, and the outer side wall of the first pipeline is in thermal contact with the superconducting coil so as to transfer the cold energy of the coolant to the superconducting coil; a first refrigerator configured to refrigerate the first pipe to liquefy or maintain a liquid state of a coolant within the first pipe; the first refrigerator has a refrigeration head in thermal contact with the receiving cavity; a second pipe including a transfer passage for transferring a coolant; the inlet of the transmission channel is connected with the upper end of the first pipeline so as to receive the gasified coolant in the first pipeline to flow in; the outlet of the transmission channel is connected with the joint of the refrigeration head and the accommodating cavity so as to convey the gasified coolant to the refrigeration head for condensation. According to the technical scheme, the cooling cost is reduced.
Description
The present application is a divisional application of patent application of the application having the application date of 2023, month 07, and 10, the application number of 202310834855.3, and the name of the application is a cooling method of a superconducting magnet device.
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of superconducting magnets, in particular to a superconducting magnet device and an ultralow temperature system.
Background
The high-purity monocrystalline silicon is widely used in the field of semiconductor manufacturing of solar batteries, large-scale integrated circuits, rectifiers, high-power transistors, diodes and the like, and is one of key materials of high and new technology industries such as photovoltaic power generation, semiconductor microelectronic devices and the like. With the rapid development of manufacturing technologies such as photovoltaic power generation and semiconductor microelectronic devices, the performance requirements of monocrystalline silicon serving as a semiconductor material are increasing. In this context, the technique of magnetically controlled czochralski silicon (Magnetic Field Applied Czochralski Method, MCZ) is the mainstay of producing single crystal silicon. The MCZ method requires the use of a large volume of magnet, such as a permanent magnet or a conventional electromagnet. However, with the development of superconducting magnet technology, more and more superconducting magnets replace conventional electromagnets, and are used in the manufacture of monocrystalline silicon, the superconducting magnets can generate stronger magnetic fields so as to prepare monocrystalline silicon with higher quality.
For superconducting magnets, superconducting coils are the core components thereof, and whether the superconducting coils can obtain reliable ultralow temperature to reach a superconducting state is a key index for stable operation of equipment. In the prior art, the cooling mode of the superconducting magnet is mainly liquid helium cooling. The cryogenic vessel cooled by liquid helium takes the form of a conventional Dewar and requires the use of hundreds of litres of liquid helium to cool the superconducting coils. Along with the shortage of liquid helium energy sources, the price of liquid helium is continuously increased, and the cooling cost is also higher and higher.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, an embodiment of the present application provides a superconducting magnet device and an ultra-low temperature system for solving at least one of the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the application is realized as follows:
in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a superconducting magnet apparatus, including:
a superconducting coil;
a first pipe including a receiving chamber for receiving a coolant; the first pipe surrounds the circumference of the superconducting coil, and the outer side wall of the first pipe is in thermal contact with the superconducting coil so as to transfer the cooling capacity of the coolant to the superconducting coil; the shape of the first pipeline is set according to the shape of the superconducting coil so as to be attached to the superconducting coil, and the conduction cooling effect is improved;
a first refrigerator configured to cool the first pipe to liquefy or maintain a liquid state of a coolant within the first pipe; the first refrigerator has a refrigeration head in thermal contact with the receiving cavity;
a second pipe including a transfer passage for transferring a coolant; an inlet of the transmission channel is connected with the upper end of the first pipeline so as to receive the gasified coolant in the first pipeline to flow in; the outlet of the transmission channel is connected with the joint of the refrigeration head and the accommodating cavity so as to convey the gasified coolant to the refrigeration head for condensation;
a cold conducting strip, one end of which is in thermal contact with the first pipeline, and the other end of which is in thermal contact with the superconducting coil; the cold guide belts are distributed along the circumferential direction of the superconducting coil; the cold guide belt is made of a material with a heat conductivity coefficient of more than 200W/mk.
Optionally, one end of the cold guide belt wraps the outer wall of the first pipeline.
Optionally, the superconducting magnet device further comprises:
the heat exchanger is positioned at the joint of the first pipeline and the refrigerating head; the heat exchanger is in communication with the receiving cavity of the first conduit, and the refrigeration head is in thermal contact with the receiving cavity by insertion of the heat exchanger.
Optionally, the superconducting magnet device further comprises:
the condensing chamber is positioned at the joint of the first pipeline and the heat exchanger; the condensing chamber is communicated with the heat exchanger so that the coolant enters the condensing chamber for liquefaction under the action of the first refrigerator.
Optionally, the superconducting magnet device further comprises:
the return air chamber is positioned at the joint of the second pipeline and the first pipeline; the inlet of the transmission channel of the second pipeline is connected with the upper end of the first pipeline by connecting the return air chamber; the lower end of the air return chamber is communicated with the accommodating cavity of the first pipeline, and the upper end of the air return chamber is communicated with the transmission channel of the second pipeline.
In a second aspect, embodiments of the present application provide an ultra-low temperature system comprising any one of the superconducting magnet devices described above.
The superconducting magnet device and the ultralow temperature system provided by the embodiment of the application comprise: a superconducting coil; a first pipe including a receiving chamber for receiving a coolant; the first pipe surrounds the circumference of the superconducting coil, and the outer side wall of the first pipe is in thermal contact with the superconducting coil so as to transfer the cooling capacity of the coolant to the superconducting coil; the shape of the first pipeline is set according to the shape of the superconducting coil so as to be attached to the superconducting coil, and the conduction cooling effect is improved; a first refrigerator configured to cool the first pipe to liquefy or maintain a liquid state of a coolant within the first pipe; the first refrigerator has a refrigeration head in thermal contact with the receiving cavity; a second pipe including a transfer passage for transferring a coolant; an inlet of the transmission channel is connected with the upper end of the first pipeline so as to receive the gasified coolant in the first pipeline to flow in; the outlet of the transmission channel is connected with the joint of the refrigeration head and the accommodating cavity so as to convey the gasified coolant to the refrigeration head for condensation; a cold conducting strip, one end of which is in thermal contact with the first pipeline, and the other end of which is in thermal contact with the superconducting coil; the cold guide belts are distributed along the circumferential direction of the superconducting coil; the cold guide belt is made of a material with a heat conductivity coefficient of more than 200W/mk. The cooling of the superconducting coil is realized by arranging a first pipeline in thermal contact with the superconducting coil in the circumferential direction of the superconducting coil and placing a coolant in the first pipeline. Because the coolant is only in the first pipeline and does not need to soak the superconducting coil, the consumption of the coolant is greatly saved. Therefore, the superconducting magnet device and the ultralow temperature system provided by the embodiment of the application save the consumption of the coolant and reduce the cooling cost.
Additional aspects and advantages of the application will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the application.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and do not constitute a limitation on the application. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic view of a superconducting magnet device according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the shell of FIG. 1 removed;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view in longitudinal section of FIG. 1;
fig. 4 is a flow chart of a cooling method of a superconducting magnet device according to an embodiment of the present application.
Reference numerals illustrate:
10. a superconducting coil; 11. a coil bobbin; 20. a first pipe; 21. a cold guide belt; 22. a condensing chamber; 23. a neck tube; 30. a first refrigerator; 31. a heat exchanger; 40. a second pipe; 41. a return air chamber; 50. a low temperature vessel; 51. a second refrigerator; 60. a service tower; 61. a current lead assembly; 62. a signal line interface; 63. a safety valve.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical scheme and the beneficial effects of the application more obvious and understandable, the following detailed description is given by way of example. Wherein the drawings are not necessarily to scale, and wherein local features may be exaggerated or reduced to more clearly show details of the local features; unless defined otherwise, technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
In the description of the present application, the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "height", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc. refer to the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are merely for convenience of simplifying the description of the present application, and do not indicate that the apparatus or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, i.e., are not to be construed as limiting the present application.
In the present application, the terms "first", "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as relative importance of the features indicated or the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "first", "second" may explicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present application, "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc.; "plurality" means at least one, such as one, two, three, etc.; unless otherwise specifically defined.
In the present application, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," "disposed," and the like are to be construed broadly, unless otherwise specifically limited. For example, "connected" may be either fixedly connected or detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or can be communicated between two elements or the interaction relationship between the two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In the present application, unless explicitly defined otherwise, a first feature "on", "above", "over" and "above", "below" or "under" a second feature may be that the first feature and the second feature are in direct contact, or that the first feature and the second feature are in indirect contact via an intermediary. Moreover, a first feature "above," "over" and "on" a second feature may be that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicates that the level of the first feature is higher than the level of the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature may be the first feature being directly under or obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicating that the level of the first feature is less than the level of the second feature.
In order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application, detailed steps and detailed structures will be presented in the following description in order to explain the technical solution of the present application. Preferred embodiments of the present application are described in detail below, however, the present application may have other embodiments in addition to these detailed descriptions.
To solve at least one problem in the background art, an embodiment of the present application provides a superconducting magnet device. As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the superconducting magnet device includes:
a superconducting coil 10;
a first pipe 20 including a receiving chamber for receiving a coolant; the first pipe 20 surrounds the circumference of the superconducting coil 10, and an outer sidewall of the first pipe 20 is in thermal contact with the superconducting coil 10 to transfer the cold of the coolant to the superconducting coil 10;
a first refrigerator 30 configured to refrigerate the first pipe 20 to liquefy or maintain a liquid state of a coolant within the first pipe 20; the first refrigerator 30 has a refrigeration head in thermal contact with the receiving cavity;
a second pipe 40 including a transfer passage for transferring a coolant; the inlet of the transmission channel is connected with the upper end of the first pipeline 20 to receive the gasified coolant in the first pipeline 20; and an outlet of the transmission channel is connected with the joint of the refrigeration head and the accommodating cavity so as to convey the gasified coolant to the refrigeration head for condensation.
In this embodiment, the superconducting magnet device is used in MCZ. The specific function is to generate a strong magnetic field for magnetically controlling the Czochralski silicon. The superconducting coil 10 may be provided as an upper and a lower one, the operation currents of which are reversed, for generating a special magnetic field suitable for magnetically controlling the czochralski silicon. More specifically, the superconducting coil 10 may be shaped in the form of a solenoid to facilitate magnetically controlled czochralski silicon.
It can be understood that, with the superconducting magnet apparatus of the embodiment of the present application, the superconducting coil 10 is a core component thereof, and whether the superconducting coil 10 can obtain a reliable ultralow temperature to reach a superconducting state is a key index for stable operation of the device. Accordingly, the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application mainly relates to cooling the superconducting coil 10. It will be appreciated that the superconducting magnet device of the embodiment of the present application may be used for other devices for other purposes, and that the shape, number, etc. of the superconducting coils 10 are not limited to those described in the embodiment of the present application.
The first pipe 20, which may be understood as a pipe which is wrapped around the circumference of the superconducting coil 10, transfers the cold of the coolant in the pipe to the superconducting coil 10 by conduction, and reduces the temperature of the superconducting coil 10 to a preset temperature or maintains the preset temperature. For the superconducting coil 10 in MCZ, the preset temperature may be 4.2K, that is, the above-mentioned ultra-low temperature. K is the unit of thermodynamic temperature, kelvin.
It will be appreciated that heat is continuously generated during operation of superconducting coil 10. Thus, the apparatus is provided with a first refrigerator 30. The cold generated by the refrigeration head can enter the accommodating cavity, namely the refrigeration head is in thermal contact with the accommodating cavity. By the thermal contact of the refrigerating head with the accommodating chamber, the first refrigerator 30 can consume heat generated by the superconducting coil 10 during operation, maintaining the ultralow temperature state of the superconducting coil 10.
It will be appreciated that the cooling capacity of the first refrigerator 30 may be transferred through a carrier or medium to improve transfer efficiency. In this embodiment, the medium of transfer may be a coolant, and in particular helium. It can be understood that the liquid helium has a good cooling effect, and therefore, the liquid helium is liquefied by the first refrigerator 30 to form liquid helium, and then the superconducting coil 10 is cooled by the liquid helium. And, the present embodiment is configured to: there is enough liquid helium in the first conduit 20 so that there is enough liquid helium at any point in the conduit's circumference to cool the superconducting coil 10.
Since a portion of the liquid helium is gasified during the cooling of the superconducting coil 10. Therefore, the second pipe 40 is provided, and the second pipe 40 can convey gasified helium to the joint of the refrigerating head and the accommodating cavity so as to convey gasified coolant to the refrigerating head for condensation. The arrangement of the second pipeline 40 also enables the coolant to form a closed loop from liquefaction and gasification, and the coolant does not need to be additionally supplemented, so that the cost is further reduced, and the convenience of equipment operation is improved.
It is understood that the shape of the first pipe 20 may be circular or may be set according to the shape of the superconducting coil 10. Particularly, a portion directly contacting the superconducting coil 10, for example, the shape of the superconducting coil 10 is circular, the surface of the first pipe 20 contacting the superconducting coil 10 may be concavely curved to completely fit the superconducting coil 10, thereby improving the conductive cooling effect.
Further, grooves for accommodating part of the first pipe 20 may be formed on the outer side wall of the superconducting coil 10, so as to increase the thermal contact area between the pipe and the coil, reduce the heat transfer distance between the pipe and the coil, and improve the cooling efficiency.
Specifically, the first duct 20 may be made of a material having a high thermal conductivity, and more specifically, a material having a thermal conductivity of more than 200W/mk, such as copper, aluminum, or the like.
The second conduit 40 may be circular in shape to facilitate the transfer of coolant. It will be appreciated that other shapes are possible that facilitate coolant delivery. Based on the characteristic that the gasified helium will rise, the second pipe 40 is disposed above the first pipe 20 to facilitate the transfer of helium.
In the superconducting magnet device provided by the embodiment of the application, the first pipeline 20 in thermal contact with the superconducting coil 10 is arranged in the circumferential direction of the superconducting coil 10, and the cooling of the superconducting coil 10 is realized by placing the cooling agent in the first pipeline 20. Since the coolant is only in the first pipe 20 without immersing the superconducting coil 10, the amount of coolant is greatly reduced, and the cooling cost is reduced. In addition, as liquid helium soaking and liquid helium Dewar are not needed, the structure is simplified, the manufacturing cost is reduced, and the weight of the superconducting magnet device is also reduced.
In some embodiments, the superconducting magnet device further comprises:
a cold-conducting strip 21 having one end in thermal contact with the first pipe 20 and the other end in thermal contact with the superconducting coil 10; the cold guide strips 21 are distributed along the circumferential direction of the superconducting coil 10.
By the cold guide belt 21, the area of the superconducting coil 10 contacting the cold can be increased, so that the cold transferred by the coolant can be transferred to the superconducting coil 10 more quickly and effectively.
In some embodiments, one end of the cold strap 21 wraps around the outer wall of the first conduit 20.
In this way, the contact area between the cold guide belt 21 and the first pipe 20 can be increased, and the cold transferred by the coolant can be transferred to the superconducting coil 10 more quickly and efficiently by the cold guide belt 21.
In particular, the cold band may be rectangular in shape, with one end of the rectangle in thermal contact with the first conduit 20 and the other end in thermal contact with the outer wall of the superconducting coil 10.
Further, the cold band may be shaped as a "T" in which an upper end is in thermal contact with an outer wall of the superconducting coil 10 and a lower end is in thermal contact with the first pipe 20 to improve cooling efficiency.
Further, the cold guide belt may have a shape of an "i" shape, and upper and lower ends of the "i" shape are respectively thermally contacted with the superconducting coil 10 and the superconducting coil 10 to improve cooling efficiency.
In some embodiments, the cold band 21 is made of a material having a thermal conductivity greater than 200W/mk.
In this way, the efficiency of the cold transfer per unit area of the cold guide belt 21 can be increased, and the cold transferred by the coolant can be further transferred to the superconducting coil 10 more quickly and efficiently.
In some embodiments, the superconducting magnet device further comprises:
a heat exchanger 31, which is positioned at the joint of the first pipeline 20 and the refrigeration head; the heat exchanger 31 communicates with the housing chamber of the first conduit 20, and the refrigeration head is in thermal contact with the housing chamber by insertion of the heat exchanger 31.
In this way, the heat exchange area can be increased, so that the cooling capacity generated by the first refrigerator 30 can be more effectively transferred to the accommodating cavity of the first pipeline 20, the liquefaction speed can be increased, and more helium liquefaction amount can be obtained in unit time.
In particular, the heat exchanger 31 may be a fin block in thermal contact with the first refrigerator 30. The fin block material can be made of a material with a heat conductivity coefficient greater than 200W/mk, such as copper, aluminum and the like.
In some embodiments, the superconducting magnet device further comprises:
a condensation chamber 22 located at the junction of the first pipe 20 and the heat exchanger 31; the condensing chamber 22 communicates with the heat exchanger 31 so that the coolant enters the condensing chamber 22 to be liquefied by the first refrigerator 30.
In this way, on the one hand, a larger liquefaction space for the coolant is provided, which can liquefy more quickly. On the other hand, enough liquefied liquid helium may be stored so that enough liquid helium remains within the system after exposure to a significant amount of heat to cause the liquid helium to be liquefied.
In some embodiments, the superconducting magnet device further comprises:
a return air chamber 41 located at the junction of the second pipe 40 and the first pipe 20; the inlet of the transmission channel of the second pipeline 40 is connected with the upper end of the first pipeline 20 by being connected with the return air chamber 41; the lower end of the air return chamber 41 is communicated with the accommodating cavity of the first pipeline 20, and the upper end of the air return chamber 41 is communicated with the transmission channel of the second pipeline 40.
In this way, the evaporated helium gas can be collected, so that the helium gas can smoothly pass through the second pipeline 40 and return to the joint of the first refrigerator 30 and the first pipeline 20 to be liquefied, and the gasified coolant can be recovered more quickly and better.
In some embodiments, the superconducting magnet device of the embodiment of the present application further includes:
the cryogenic container 50, the superconducting coil 10, the first pipe 20, the first refrigerator 30, and the second pipe 40 are all located within the cryogenic container 50. The inner wall and the outer shell of the low-temperature container 50 are both provided with radiation shields to prevent cold from being transferred to the outside of the low-temperature container 50 by radiation or to prevent heat from being transferred to the inside of the low-temperature container 50.
Specifically, the cryogenic container 50 outside the superconducting coil 10 is in a vacuum environment, so that cold or heat is reduced by air transfer, such as convection, and cold leakage is reduced. The addition of the inner wall and the outer shell of the cryogenic container 50 are provided as radiation shields, which also reduces leakage of cold through radiation.
In some embodiments, the superconducting magnet device of the embodiment of the present application further includes:
a second refrigerator 51 is in thermal contact with the radiation shield, reduces the temperature of the radiation shield, and maintains the low temperature state of the radiation shield. The operation of the second refrigerator 51 and the first refrigerator 30 described above may be separately controlled to save power while maintaining the superconducting state of the superconducting coil 10.
In some embodiments, the superconducting magnet device of the embodiment of the present application further includes:
and a coil bobbin 11, wherein the superconducting coil 10 is formed by winding a wire on the coil bobbin 11. Specifically, the bobbin 11 may be made of a material having a thermal conductivity of more than 200W/mk. This also facilitates the superconducting coil 10 to cool down more quickly and to maintain its superconducting state.
In some embodiments, the superconducting magnet device of the embodiment of the present application further includes:
the service tower 60 is arranged at the outer end of the superconducting magnet device and is easy to operate by a worker. The service tower 60 integrates a number of control components, components of the superconducting magnet device externally connected, and safety components, including a current lead assembly 61, a signal line interface 62, a safety valve 63, etc. The high integration of the service tower 60 effectively improves the space utilization rate of the superconducting magnet device, so that the superconducting magnet device has compact structure and good environmental adaptability. Wherein:
the current lead assembly 61 is used to power the superconducting coil 10.
The signal line interface 62 is used for detecting the operating temperature of the refrigerator, the radiation shield and the superconducting coil 10.
The safety valve 63 is used for discharging the coolant when the superconducting magnet device is accidentally lost, so as to prevent the superconducting magnet from being damaged due to overlarge quench pressure. Quench refers to the situation where superconducting coil 10 exits the superconducting state due to an excessive temperature. In particular, the coolant may be helium.
In particular, the current lead assembly 61 employs a biaxial electrode structure, which is advantageous for more reliably supplying power to the superconducting coil 10. The signal line interface 62 adopts a ceramic sintering vacuum wall penetrating member structure, and has the characteristics of more accurate and reliable detection.
In some embodiments, the superconducting magnet device of the embodiment of the present application further includes:
a neck 23 communicates with the receiving chamber of the first conduit 20. Upon activation of the superconducting magnet device, a large amount of coolant may be fed into the accommodating chamber through the neck pipe 23 so as to rapidly cool down. In particular, the coolant may be liquid nitrogen. This feature of the neck 23 may be combined with the cooling method of the superconducting magnet device described below, which is described below.
Specifically, one end of the neck pipe 23 may be inserted into the condensation chamber 22, and the receiving chamber is communicated with the condensation chamber 22. The other end of the neck 23 may be provided with a valve which is opened when the coolant needs to be added or removed, or which is closed otherwise.
Further, the neck 23 may be in communication with the relief valve 63. The safety valve 63 can discharge coolant through the neck pipe 23 when the superconducting magnet device is accidentally lost, so as to prevent the superconducting magnet from being damaged due to excessive quench pressure.
The embodiment of the application also provides an ultralow temperature system which comprises any one superconducting magnet device.
In the ultralow temperature system provided by the embodiment of the application, the first pipeline 20 in thermal contact with the superconducting coil 10 is arranged in the circumferential direction of the superconducting coil 10, and the cooling agent is placed in the first pipeline 20, so that the superconducting coil 10 is cooled. Since the coolant is only in the first pipe 20 without immersing the superconducting coil 10, the amount of coolant is greatly reduced, and the cooling cost is reduced. In addition, as liquid helium soaking and liquid helium Dewar are not needed, the structure is simplified, the manufacturing cost is reduced, and the weight of the superconducting magnet device is also reduced.
The embodiment of the application also provides a cooling method of the superconducting magnet device, as shown in fig. 4, the method comprises the following steps:
step 801: a first coolant is added to the first pipe 20 to reduce the temperature of the superconducting coil 10 to a first preset temperature;
step 802: after the temperature of the superconducting coil 10 reaches a first preset temperature, discharging the first coolant in the first pipeline 20, and introducing the second coolant;
step 803: starting the first refrigerator 30 to liquefy the second coolant while continuing to feed the second coolant; until the temperature of the superconducting coil 10 is reduced to a second preset temperature;
step 804: after the temperature of the superconducting coil 10 is reduced to a second preset temperature and the amount of the second coolant in the first pipe 20 reaches a preset requirement, the introduction of the second coolant is stopped.
In step 801, the temperature inside and outside the superconducting magnet device is normal before the superconducting magnet device is not started. For rapid cooling, and at low cost. The first coolant may be added to the first pipe 20 first, and the first coolant does not have the capability of bringing the superconducting coil 10 in the superconducting magnet device into a superconducting state, but has the effect of rapid cooling in the early stage, and is relatively low in cost. In particular, the first coolant may be liquid nitrogen. The first preset temperature may be 77K. Specifically, the first coolant may be added to the first pipe 20 through the neck pipe 23.
In step 802, since the cooling capacity of the first coolant is limited, after the temperature of the superconducting coil 10 reaches the first preset temperature, the first coolant in the first pipe 20 needs to be discharged, and the second coolant is introduced; the second coolant can lower the temperature of the superconducting coil 10 to a sufficiently low temperature, into an ultralow temperature state, that is, bring the superconducting coil 10 into a superconducting state. Thus, the superconducting coil 10 can be brought into a superconducting state, and the amount of the second coolant can be reduced, thereby reducing the cost. The second coolant may be helium, which may be more costly than liquid nitrogen. The liquid state of helium is called liquid helium, and the gas state is called helium. Since helium in the superconducting magnet device in the embodiment of the application is often converted between liquid helium and helium, strict distinction is not made in the description, and the reader can judge whether the superconducting magnet device is liquid helium or helium according to specific environments.
In step 803, the liquefaction temperature is lower due to the second coolant. Thus, in this step, the second coolant is introduced through the gas phase. It is then necessary to liquefy the second coolant by activating the first refrigerator 30. The second preset temperature may be 4.2K.
In step 804, after the temperature of the superconducting coil 10 is reduced to the second preset temperature, the temperature of the superconducting coil 10 also needs to be maintained, so that enough helium is also required, and therefore the amount of the second coolant in the first pipe 20 needs to be monitored. Specifically, the amount of helium or the like may be determined by providing a measuring means capable of detecting the second amount of coolant in the condensation chamber 22, for example, a tank containing liquid helium, by the level of liquid helium, and the like, which will not be described in detail herein.
In some embodiments, the adding the first coolant to the first pipe 20 to reduce the temperature of the superconducting coil 10 to the first preset temperature includes:
the temperature of the superconducting coil 10 is monitored, and the addition rate of the first coolant is adjusted according to the temperature change rate of the superconducting coil 10.
It will be appreciated that if the temperature of the superconducting coil 10 is changed too rapidly or too slowly, damage to the superconducting coil 10 due to thermal stress may be caused. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the temperature change speed of the superconducting coil 10, and if the change is too rapid, the addition speed of the first coolant is reduced, otherwise the addition speed of the first coolant is increased. In this way, the superconducting coil 10 can be better protected and the service life of the superconducting coil 10 can be improved.
In some embodiments, after the temperature of the superconducting coil 10 reaches the first preset temperature, the first coolant in the first pipe 20 is discharged, and the second coolant is introduced, including:
the first coolant in the first pipe 20 is discharged by means of vacuum suction, and then the second coolant is introduced. After the second coolant has been introduced, the coolant in the first conduit 20 is discharged again by means of a vacuum. The above-described evacuation and introduction of the second coolant are repeated a plurality of times until the temperature of the superconducting coil 10 is raised back from the first preset temperature to the third preset temperature, so that the first coolant can be discharged more cleanly. The third preset temperature may be 80-90K.
In some embodiments, the first refrigerator 30 is started to liquefy the second coolant while continuing to charge the second coolant; until the temperature of the superconducting coil 10 is reduced to a second preset temperature, comprising:
during the process of exceeding the coil temperature reduction, the air pressure in the neck tube 23 is monitored, and when the air pressure is negative, the speed of introducing the second coolant is increased in time.
In this way, reverse overflow of the coolant in the first conduit 20 from the added neck 23 can be reduced. And the cooling efficiency is improved.
It should be understood that the above examples are illustrative and are not intended to encompass all possible implementations encompassed by the claims. Various modifications and changes may be made in the above embodiments without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Likewise, the individual features of the above embodiments can also be combined arbitrarily to form further embodiments of the application which may not be explicitly described. Therefore, the above examples merely represent several embodiments of the present application and do not limit the scope of protection of the patent of the present application.
Claims (6)
1. A superconducting magnet device, characterized by comprising:
a superconducting coil;
a first pipe including a receiving chamber for receiving a coolant; the first pipe surrounds the circumference of the superconducting coil, and the outer side wall of the first pipe is in thermal contact with the superconducting coil so as to transfer the cooling capacity of the coolant to the superconducting coil; the shape of the first pipeline is set according to the shape of the superconducting coil so as to be attached to the superconducting coil, and the conduction cooling effect is improved;
a first refrigerator configured to cool the first pipe to liquefy or maintain a liquid state of a coolant within the first pipe; the first refrigerator has a refrigeration head in thermal contact with the receiving cavity;
a second pipe including a transfer passage for transferring a coolant; an inlet of the transmission channel is connected with the upper end of the first pipeline so as to receive the gasified coolant in the first pipeline to flow in; the outlet of the transmission channel is connected with the joint of the refrigeration head and the accommodating cavity so as to convey the gasified coolant to the refrigeration head for condensation;
a cold conducting strip, one end of which is in thermal contact with the first pipeline, and the other end of which is in thermal contact with the superconducting coil; the cold guide belts are distributed along the circumferential direction of the superconducting coil; the cold guide belt is made of a material with a heat conductivity coefficient of more than 200W/mk.
2. The superconducting magnet device according to claim 1, wherein one end of the cold strap wraps around an outer wall of the first pipe.
3. The superconducting magnet apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
the heat exchanger is positioned at the joint of the first pipeline and the refrigerating head; the heat exchanger is in communication with the receiving cavity of the first conduit, and the refrigeration head is in thermal contact with the receiving cavity by insertion of the heat exchanger.
4. A superconducting magnet apparatus according to claim 3, further comprising:
the condensing chamber is positioned at the joint of the first pipeline and the heat exchanger; the condensing chamber is communicated with the heat exchanger so that the coolant enters the condensing chamber for liquefaction under the action of the first refrigerator.
5. A superconducting magnet apparatus according to claim 3, further comprising:
the return air chamber is positioned at the joint of the second pipeline and the first pipeline; the inlet of the transmission channel of the second pipeline is connected with the upper end of the first pipeline by connecting the return air chamber; the lower end of the air return chamber is communicated with the accommodating cavity of the first pipeline, and the upper end of the air return chamber is communicated with the transmission channel of the second pipeline.
6. An ultra-low temperature system comprising the superconducting magnet device according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
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| CN202310834855.3A CN116564643B (en) | 2023-07-10 | 2023-07-10 | Method for cooling superconducting magnet device |
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| DE102004061869B4 (en) * | 2004-12-22 | 2008-06-05 | Siemens Ag | Device for superconductivity and magnetic resonance device |
| CN102054555B (en) * | 2009-10-30 | 2014-07-16 | 通用电气公司 | Refrigerating system and method of superconducting magnet and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging system |
| CN103697647B (en) * | 2012-09-28 | 2016-01-27 | 中国科学院物理研究所 | A kind of vacuum cryostat |
| CN103811145A (en) * | 2012-11-12 | 2014-05-21 | 通用电气公司 | Superconducting magnet system |
| JP6655487B2 (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2020-02-26 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Superconducting magnet device |
| CN109300646B (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2021-05-18 | 上海联影医疗科技股份有限公司 | Coil structure for superconducting magnet and superconducting magnet |
| CN115995320A (en) * | 2023-01-17 | 2023-04-21 | 杭州慧翔电液技术开发有限公司 | Superconducting magnet cooling container, superconducting magnet cooling device and monocrystalline silicon production equipment |
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