CN117233839A - Method, system and equipment for quality control of three-dimensional space of seismic data ground absorption attenuation - Google Patents
Method, system and equipment for quality control of three-dimensional space of seismic data ground absorption attenuation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of oil and gas exploration seismic data processing, and discloses a method, a system and equipment for quality control of a three-dimensional space of seismic data ground absorption attenuation. The method comprises the following steps: according to the analysis of the three-dimensional work area control gun data, determining an analysis time window and quality control frequency; triangular filtering processing is carried out on the three-dimensional work area seismic data under each quality control frequency; performing multi-channel data amplitude statistics and abnormal noise suppression processing on the results after the triangular filtering of each quality control frequency; performing amplitude regression fitting on the result of the statistic suppression of the abnormal noise in a logarithmic domain; and constructing three-dimensional space absorption attenuation quality control parameters, and realizing the quality control treatment of the three-dimensional space of the earth absorption attenuation. The method can rapidly control the absorption and attenuation conditions of the seismic data in the three-dimensional work area, control the absorption and attenuation compensation treatment effect of the seismic data, and can also be used for evaluating the spatial consistency effect before and after the seismic data is subjected to the earth absorption and attenuation compensation treatment. The invention has the characteristics of strong noise immunity and convenient and rapid quality control.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of oil and gas exploration seismic data processing, and particularly relates to a method, a system and equipment for quality control of a three-dimensional space of earth absorption attenuation of seismic data.
Background
With the deep oil and gas exploration, the seismic acquisition technology is developed towards the wide azimuth and high density direction, the volume of the seismic data acquired by the three-dimensional work area is more and more huge, often reaching tens or even hundreds of TB, and great challenges are brought to the stability and quick quality control of subsequent seismic data. At present, the rapid quality control method of the seismic data is mainly used for carrying out the spatial quality control of the three-dimensional work area by calculating the statistical autocorrelation of the seismic data and further extracting the attributes reflecting the spatial consistency of the amplitude, the frequency band and the wavelet, such as the amplitude, the zero crossing and the like in the autocorrelation. Although the quality control method can better control the spatial consistency of the excitation energy, the excitation wavelets and the like of the seismic data, the quality control method cannot reasonably and effectively control the ground absorption attenuation condition, the absorption attenuation compensation condition and the spatial consistency condition before and after the compensation treatment because the absorption attenuation effect of the energy along with the time is not considered.
The stable and rapid quality control of the earth absorption and attenuation is very necessary, and the quality control of the earth absorption and attenuation is carried out on the seismic data before and after the processing, so that the method can effectively monitor the following conditions: the application effects of the earth absorption attenuation compensation functions such as Q-offset, Q-compensation and space-time variation energy compensation processing can be monitored whether the processing method eliminates the space difference of the earth absorption attenuation.
Due to the existence of the earth absorption attenuation, the effective signal amplitude energy is lower and the frequency band is narrower as the time increases, the signal to noise ratio is reduced, and the seismic data shows stronger time variability.
Time-varying signal analysis tools commonly used today are: wavelet transform, S transform, etc., are not computationally efficient, and it is difficult to achieve stable and rapid absorption attenuation quality control for seismic data having a huge amount of data. Currently, the earth absorption attenuation quality control method is limited to small amount of data absorption attenuation quality control of local areas, such as: the mass absorption attenuation analysis quality control of a certain shot set or a representative some control shot set can not monitor the mass absorption attenuation condition of the whole three-dimensional work area by a quality control method of a small amount of data of the local area. In conclusion, a stable and rapid quality control method for absorbing and attenuating massive seismic data in a three-dimensional full-work area is lacking at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem of stable and rapid quality control of mass seismic data ground absorption and attenuation in a three-dimensional full-work area, the invention provides a quality control method for a three-dimensional space of seismic data ground absorption and attenuation, which has strong noise resistance and convenient and rapid quality control.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a quality control method for a three-dimensional space of seismic data ground absorption attenuation comprises the following steps:
step 1, analyzing and determining an analysis time window and quality control frequency according to three-dimensional work area control gun data;
step 2, triangular filtering processing is carried out on the seismic data of the whole three-dimensional work area under each quality control frequency;
step 3, carrying out multi-channel data amplitude statistics and abnormal noise suppression processing on the results after the triangular filtering of each quality control frequency;
step 4, carrying out amplitude regression fitting on the result of statistic suppression of abnormal noise in a logarithmic domain;
and 5, constructing three-dimensional space absorption attenuation quality control parameters on the basis of the amplitude regression fitting result, so as to realize the three-dimensional space quality control treatment of the ground absorption attenuation.
In addition, on the basis of the quality control method of the three-dimensional space of the seismic data ground absorption and attenuation, the invention also provides a quality control system of the three-dimensional space of the seismic data ground absorption and attenuation, which is adaptive to the quality control system and adopts the following technical scheme:
a seismic data earth-absorption attenuating three-dimensional spatial quality control system, comprising:
the data analysis module is used for analyzing and determining an analysis time window and quality control frequency according to the three-dimensional work area control gun data;
the triangular filtering processing module is used for performing triangular filtering processing under various quality control frequencies on the seismic data of the whole three-dimensional work area;
the abnormal noise processing module is used for carrying out multi-channel data amplitude statistics and abnormal noise suppression processing on the results after the triangular filtering of each quality control frequency;
the amplitude regression fitting module is used for carrying out amplitude regression fitting on the result of the statistic suppression of the abnormal noise in a logarithmic domain;
and the ground absorption attenuation quality control module is used for constructing three-dimensional space absorption attenuation quality control parameters on the basis of the amplitude regression fitting result, so that the ground absorption attenuation three-dimensional space quality control processing is realized.
In addition, on the basis of the quality control method for the three-dimensional space of the seismic data ground absorption attenuation, the invention also provides computer equipment which comprises a memory and one or more processors.
The memory stores executable codes, and the processor is used for realizing the steps of the method for controlling the quality of the three-dimensional space of the seismic data ground absorption attenuation when executing the executable codes.
In addition, on the basis of the quality control method for the three-dimensional space of the seismic data ground absorption attenuation, the invention also provides a computer readable storage medium, and a program is stored on the computer readable storage medium. The program, when executed by the processor, is configured to implement the above-described method for mass absorption and attenuation three-dimensional spatial quality control of seismic data.
The invention has the following advantages:
as described above, the invention relates to a quality control method for the earth absorption and attenuation of seismic data in a three-dimensional full-work area. The method only calculates time-varying amplitude under a limited quality control frequency to reflect the characteristics of earth absorption and attenuation, and has high calculation efficiency; the time-varying amplitude is acquired by utilizing a multi-channel statistical denoising strategy, so that the influence of strong noise and strong reflection amplitude is reduced, and the stability and anti-noise capability of the method are improved; the attribute reflecting the three-dimensional work area earth absorption attenuation space difference is further extracted from the time-varying amplitude and is drawn on a plane, so that the quality control of the three-dimensional whole work area earth absorption attenuation space with stability, high efficiency and better noise resistance is realized. The method can rapidly control the absorption and attenuation conditions of the seismic data in the three-dimensional work area, control the absorption and attenuation compensation treatment effect of the seismic data, and can be used for evaluating the spatial consistency effect before and after the seismic data is subjected to the earth absorption and attenuation compensation treatment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for quality control of a three-dimensional space of seismic data absorption and attenuation in the earth in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a chart of a single shot record before absorption attenuation compensation in a three-dimensional work area;
FIG. 3 is a chart of a single shot record after absorption attenuation compensation for a three-dimensional work area;
FIG. 4 is a graph of an analysis window range determined from data features;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the amplitude spectra of the data in analysis window 2 and analysis window 3 of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a graph of triangle filtering results of the data in the analysis window of FIG. 4 at a 20Hz quality control frequency;
FIG. 7 is a graph of triangle filtering results of the data in the analysis window of FIG. 4 at a quality control frequency of 25 Hz;
FIG. 8 is a graph of triangle filtering results of the data in the analysis window of FIG. 4 at a quality control frequency of 40 Hz;
FIG. 9 is a graph of amplitude statistics processing of the data of FIG. 7 for multiple channels of data;
FIG. 10 is an amplitude regression fit of the logarithmic domain;
FIG. 11 is a quality control chart of macroscopic absorption decay rate before energy compensation of three-dimensional seismic data at a quality control frequency of 20 Hz;
FIG. 12 is a quality control chart of macroscopic absorption decay rate after energy compensation of three-dimensional seismic data at a quality control frequency of 20 Hz;
FIG. 13 is a quality control chart of macroscopic absorption decay rate before energy compensation of three-dimensional seismic data at a quality control frequency of 25 Hz;
FIG. 14 is a quality control chart of macroscopic absorption decay rate after energy compensation of three-dimensional seismic data at a quality control frequency of 25 Hz;
FIG. 15 is a quality control chart of macroscopic absorption decay rate before energy compensation of three-dimensional seismic data at a quality control frequency of 40 Hz;
FIG. 16 is a quality control chart of macroscopic absorption decay rate after energy compensation of three-dimensional seismic data at a quality control frequency of 40 Hz;
FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of a calculation time window of local absorption decay rate;
FIG. 18 is a quality control chart of the local absorption decay rate before energy compensation of three-dimensional seismic data at a quality control frequency of 20 Hz;
FIG. 19 is a quality control chart of the local absorption decay rate before energy compensation of three-dimensional seismic data at a quality control frequency of 20 Hz;
FIG. 20 is a quality control chart of the local absorption decay rate prior to energy compensation of three-dimensional seismic data at a quality control frequency of 25 Hz;
FIG. 21 is a quality control chart of the local absorption decay rate after energy compensation of three-dimensional seismic data at a quality control frequency of 25 Hz;
FIG. 22 is a quality control chart of the local absorption decay rate prior to energy compensation of three-dimensional seismic data at a quality control frequency of 40 Hz;
FIG. 23 is a quality control chart of the local absorption decay rate after energy compensation of three-dimensional seismic data at a quality control frequency of 40Hz.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawings and detailed description:
example 1
In this embodiment 1, a method for controlling the quality of a three-dimensional space of seismic data with absorption and attenuation, as shown in fig. 1, is described, wherein the method for controlling the quality of the three-dimensional space of seismic data with absorption and attenuation comprises the following steps:
and step 1, analyzing and determining an analysis time window and quality control frequency according to the three-dimensional work area control gun data.
Wherein the analysis time window is determined as follows:
the near-surface and subsurface formation characteristics of the three-dimensional work area are preferably representative quality control shot set data, where the representative quality control shot set data include, for example: different signal to noise ratios, different excitation factors, near-surface structure differences or quality control shot set data with larger underground structure characteristic differences. Determining a range 0~x of offsets for quality control seismic data on a quality control shot set based on the signal-to-noise ratio of the quality control shot set max . Wherein x is max Representing the maximum value of offset.
x max The number of statistical channels is not smaller than 120, so that abnormal noise can be suppressed by a certain number of statistical channels, the number of statistical channels is not larger than 1.5 km, and the spatial difference of absorption attenuation is avoided.
0~x for falling into offset range in quality control cannon max The time window W is designed according to the seismic data in the system, wherein the time window W contains reflected wave information of shallow, medium and deep layers as much as possible, andavoiding interference waves such as direct waves, shallow refraction waves and the like.
Wherein the quality control frequency is determined as follows:
respectively calculating amplitude spectrums of a shallow reflected wave area and a reflected wave area near a target layer in a time window W for quality control shot set data, comparing the amplitude spectrum attenuation conditions of the shallow reflected wave and the reflected wave of the target layer, and selecting a representative frequency f 1 、f 2 、…、f L As a quality control frequency. Representative frequencies include, for example, a main frequency, a high frequency region, and the like, and frequencies having large differences in attenuation characteristics. Wherein L is the number of quality control frequencies.
When the quality control frequency is selected, the frequency where strong interference noise (such as surface wave, industrial interference, high-frequency noise and the like) is located is avoided as much as possible.
And 2, performing triangular filtering processing on the seismic data of the whole three-dimensional work area under various quality control frequencies.
The step 2 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 2.1. Calculate the spectrum of the seismic data in the time window W for each shot set in the three-dimensional work area, denoted A s (f, x). Wherein f is frequency, s is gun number, s=1, 2,3, …, x is offset, x is 0.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.x max 。
Step 2.2. Given the single-sided ramp frequency span f of the triangular filtering width Respectively calculating each quality control frequency f according to the following 1 、f 2 、…、f L Corresponding triangular filter operatorWhere i=1, 2, …, L.
。
Step 2.3. Calculating the quality control frequency f of each shot set data in the three-dimensional work area 1 、f 2 、…、f L The result after the triangular filtering is recorded asThe formula is as follows:。
where Re [ ] represents the real part processing, IFFT () represents the inverse fourier transform, and t represents time.
And step 3, carrying out multi-channel data amplitude statistics and abnormal noise suppression processing on the results obtained after the triangular filtering of each quality control frequency.
The step 3 specifically comprises the following steps:
results of triangular filtering of quality control frequencies of seismic dataExpressed in discrete form。
Where j=0, 1,2,3, …, M represents the number of each time sampling point, k=1, 2,3, …, N represents the number of the track; t (T) j Indicating the sequence number of each time sampling pointCorresponding time, X k Representing the number of each trackThe corresponding offset.
Step 3.1. CalculationIs expressed as the absolute value of。
Step 3.2 dataAlong X k All zero values are removed in the direction, and X after zero values are removed k The number of data of the direction is recorded as n j The result after eliminating the zero value is expressed as。
Step 3.3. Given cullingThe percentage P of the abnormal value is calculated, and the number n of data after the abnormal value is removed at each moment is calculated j,p ；Wherein->Representing a round up->。
Step 3.4. For the result after eliminating the zero valueAlong X k Sorting from small to large in direction, and eliminating n j－ n j,P The maximum value is recorded as。
Representing the pair result along X k After the direction is sorted from small to large, n is taken from small to large in sequence j,P Number of the pieces.
Step 3.5. Calculating zero value and n of each moment of elimination j－ n j,P The average value of the residual data after each maximum value is recorded asThe calculation formula is as follows:。
wherein,and (5) under each quality control frequency, counting the amplitude of each gun set multichannel data to suppress the abnormal noise.
And 4, performing amplitude regression fitting on the result of the statistic suppression of the abnormal noise in a logarithmic domain.
The step 4 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 4.1. WillTransform to logarithmic domain, the result is recorded asThen:
。
step 4.2. Giving the starting and ending moments of the regression fit, respectivelyAnda representation; let the amplitude decay rate of the logarithmic domain be denoted by α, a linear regression curve is constructed as follows: y=αt+b.
Where Y represents the amplitude of the logarithmic domain, T is time, and b is a constant that is constant over time.
Pair in logarithmic domain using linear regression curveRegression fitting is performed, so that the sum of squares of fitting errors is represented by e, then:。
the problem of solving the fitting parameters a and b is a least squares fitting problem, by minimizing the sum of squares of the errors e, the solution of the problem being expressed in the form of a matrix equation as follows:。
wherein the method comprises the steps ofFor the solution of the equation to be solved,，，andis a known quantity.
Using a formula to findAnd finally obtaining the amplitude attenuation rate alpha of the logarithmic domain, wherein the amplitude attenuation rate alpha of the logarithmic domain can directly reflect the fitting starting momentTo the end timeThe macroscopic attenuation trend of the amplitude in the range is called alpha macroscopic attenuation rate.
And 5, constructing three-dimensional space absorption attenuation quality control parameters on the basis of the amplitude regression fitting result, so as to realize the three-dimensional space quality control treatment of the ground absorption attenuation.
The step 5 specifically comprises the following steps:
the macroscopic attenuation rate alpha value calculated by each gun is placed on the two-dimensional space coordinate XY position of the gun point, and the relative intensity of macroscopic absorption attenuation of the three-dimensional work area in space is controlled by reflecting the magnitude of the macroscopic attenuation rate alpha value of the gun point by colors; drawing a statistical histogram of the alpha value of the macroscopic attenuation rate of each gun in the three-dimensional work area to reflect the statistical distribution condition of the alpha value of the macroscopic attenuation rate.
When the result of calculating the macroscopic attenuation rate alpha is negative, the trend that the amplitude gradually attenuates along with the time is shown; at a result of 0, the amplitude is characterized by a stationary signal over time; the result is positive, indicating a tendency of the amplitude to increase gradually over time.
For quality control purpose of local absorption and attenuation of stratum, for each gunThe values are respectively in the area above the target interval and the time window of the target interval, and the logarithmic domain statistical amplitude of the two time windows is calculated by the following methodIs a rate of change beta:
。
wherein,andthe time window starting and ending time of the area above the target interval is respectively,andthe starting and ending time of the time window of the destination interval are respectively.The change rate of local absorption attenuation of the amplitude of the seismic wave energy transmitted from the area above the target layer to the vicinity of the target layer section is reflected, and is used as the constructed target layer section local absorption attenuation indication parameter, namely the local absorption attenuation rate.
Placing the local absorption attenuation rate beta of each gun on the two-dimensional space coordinate XY position of the gun point on the ground, and reflecting the beta value by color to control the space relative change condition of the local absorption attenuation of the target interval of the three-dimensional work area; and drawing a statistical histogram of the local absorption attenuation rate beta of each target interval of the three-dimensional work area to reflect the statistical distribution condition of the absorption attenuation rate beta value of the target interval.
The three-dimensional space quality control method disclosed by the invention can be used for effectively controlling the quality of the earth absorption attenuation compensation treatment effect, so as to guide the optimization of the treatment parameters of the absorption attenuation compensation module and improve the quality of the earth absorption attenuation compensation.
The method for quality control of the seismic data ground absorption attenuation three-dimensional space is described below with reference to typical data.
Fig. 2 and 3 are graphs showing the comparison of single shot recordings before and after absorption attenuation compensation in a three-dimensional work area. Fig. 2 is a single shot record before absorption attenuation compensation, the data is subjected to spherical divergence compensation, and as can be seen from the 4 shot record in fig. 2, the data is affected by the factors of the earth absorption attenuation, the amplitude energy of the seismic signal is gradually weakened along with the increase of time, and the energy attenuation degrees of different shot sets have larger difference, so that the earth absorption attenuation degrees have spatial variation. Fig. 3 shows the result of the absorption attenuation compensation processing on the data in fig. 2 by using the absorption attenuation compensation module, and it can be seen from fig. 3 that the influence of the absorption attenuation factor of the earth is effectively compensated after the absorption attenuation compensation processing, and the energy of 4 cannons in the graph is relatively balanced. The comparison of 4 cannons before and after data processing in fig. 2 and fig. 3 is the comparison of cannon set records on individual areas in a three-dimensional work area, and can not fully reflect the rationality of the absorption attenuation compensation effect of the whole three-dimensional work area, and the measurement of the compensation effect lacks an effective quantization index.
The method is adopted to carry out the quality control treatment of the three-dimensional space of the absorption and attenuation of the earth on the data before and after the absorption and attenuation treatment of the work area.
Fig. 4 is a view of an analysis window range determined according to data characteristics, wherein the view data is representative quality control gun set data which is optimized according to near-surface and underground structural characteristics of a three-dimensional work area, a time window W in the view is an analysis time window for quality control determined according to signal-to-noise ratio conditions of the quality control gun data, and the same time window 2 and the time window 3 are data analysis windows of determined shallow reflection wave areas and areas near a target layer respectively and are used for analyzing amplitude spectrum attenuation conditions of the shallow and target layer areas.
Fig. 5 is a graph of amplitude spectra versus data within analysis window 2 and analysis window 3 of fig. 4. As can be seen from fig. 5, compared with the amplitude spectrum of the shallow reflected wave region, the amplitude spectrum of the target layer region has obvious attenuation for each frequency, and the quality control frequencies determined from the graph are respectively 20Hz, 25Hz and 40Hz in combination with the data frequency band condition and the attenuation condition of the amplitude spectrum of each frequency.
Triangular filtering processing under various quality control frequencies is respectively carried out on each shot set data of the three-dimensional work area data in a time window W, wherein a single-side slope frequency span f of a given triangular filtering is adopted width Is 5Hz.
Fig. 6 to 8 show graphs of triangular filtering results at each quality control frequency (20 Hz, 25Hz, 40 Hz) of the data in the analysis window in fig. 4, and it can be seen from comparison of the triangular filtering results at each quality control frequency in fig. 6 to 8 that the more serious the mid-deep amplitude energy attenuation is with the increase of the frequency. And (3) carrying out multi-channel data amplitude statistical processing on triangular filtering processing results under each quality control frequency in a gun set to suppress the influence of abnormal noise, wherein the selected rejection abnormal noise percentage parameter P value is 60, namely 60 percent of maximum value in the rejection amplitude absolute value, and then calculating the average value of the residual data.
Fig. 9 shows an amplitude statistical processing diagram of the multi-channel data of fig. 7, because the amplitude value range is wider, and the amplitude value is displayed by taking the logarithm in fig. 9 for convenience of comparison, it can be seen from fig. 9 that the amplitude absolute value span range of each channel of data is wider, and a certain vibration exists, and it can also be seen from fig. 4 that the data is severely interfered by noise, after the amplitude statistical processing of the multi-channel data, the numerical stability is greatly improved, the attenuation condition of the amplitude along with time can be reflected, and the anti-noise capability of the method is improved.
Fig. 10 shows the situation that the amplitude regression fitting treatment is performed on the amplitude statistical treatment result of the multi-channel data in fig. 9 in the logarithmic domain, and it can be seen from the figure that the amplitude after the multi-channel data statistics still has oscillation with a certain amplitude at each moment, after the fitting treatment, the fitting line can better reflect the attenuation change trend of the amplitude along with time, and the stability of the method is further improved. And calculating the slope of the fitting curve, namely the macroscopic absorption attenuation rate calculated by the gun.
Sequentially processing the three-dimensional work area cannon data according to the same method to finally obtain the calculated macroscopic absorption attenuation rate of each cannon, drawing the calculated macroscopic absorption attenuation rate of each cannon on a two-dimensional plane according to the coordinates of each cannon point, and further drawing a statistical histogram of the macroscopic attenuation rate to obtain the final macroscopic absorption attenuation quality control result of the three-dimensional work area data.
Fig. 11 and fig. 12 show quality control comparison graphs of macroscopic absorption attenuation rates before and after energy compensation of three-dimensional seismic data at a quality control frequency of 20Hz, and it can be seen from a statistical histogram that the amplitude attenuation rate is changed from-0.6 to-0.2 to-0.1 to 0.05 before and after the absorption attenuation compensation treatment, the amplitude attenuation rate is moved to the vicinity of 0 after the treatment, which indicates that the attenuation trend of the amplitude with time is better compensated, the mean square deviation is changed from 0.084359 to 0.026459, the reduction of the mean square deviation indicates that the uniformity of the data is improved, and from the two-dimensional plane quality control graph, the stripe difference in fig. 11 is obviously improved after the absorption attenuation compensation treatment, and the spatial uniformity of the data absorption attenuation is obviously improved.
Fig. 13 and 14 show quality control comparison diagrams of macroscopic absorption attenuation rates before and after the energy compensation of the three-dimensional seismic data at the quality control frequency of 25Hz respectively, and it can be seen from comparison of a statistical histogram of the quality control of the data before and after the processing and a two-dimensional plane quality control diagram that the absorption attenuation condition of the processed data is effectively compensated, and the spatial consistency of the data is obviously improved.
Fig. 15 and 16 show quality control comparison diagrams of macroscopic absorption attenuation rates before and after energy compensation of three-dimensional seismic data at a quality control frequency of 40Hz, and it can be seen from comparison of the macroscopic absorption attenuation quality control diagrams before and after treatment that attenuation trend and spatial consistency of the data after energy compensation treatment are improved. And further carrying out local absorption attenuation rate quality control processing on the three-dimensional work area data, wherein the exploration target interval of the work area data is within the range of 2.6 s-3.0 s.
FIG. 17 shows time windows selected from the area above the target interval and the target interval, and according to the start-stop time and logarithmic statistical amplitude of the two time windows, the local absorption attenuation rate beta value of the target interval can be calculated by using a formula, and the local absorption attenuation rate quality control result of the three-dimensional work area can be finally obtained by processing each gun data in the work area in the same manner.
Fig. 18 and 19 show the comparison of quality control results of the local absorption attenuation rate of the target layer before and after the energy compensation of the three-dimensional seismic data when the quality control frequency is 20Hz, and from the statistical histogram, it can be seen that the range of the amplitude attenuation rate of the data is changed from-1~0 to-0.5 to 0.3 after the absorption attenuation compensation treatment, and the mean square error is changed from 0.20804 to 0.16532, which indicates that the attenuation trend of the amplitude after the absorption attenuation compensation treatment is better compensated with time, the consistency of the data is obviously improved, and from the local absorption attenuation rate two-dimensional plane quality control chart, the striped space difference before the absorption attenuation compensation treatment is obviously improved after the absorption attenuation compensation treatment.
Fig. 20 and 21 show quality control contrast diagrams of local absorption attenuation rates before and after energy compensation of three-dimensional seismic data at a quality control frequency of 25Hz, respectively. As can be seen from the quality control chart, after the absorption attenuation compensation treatment, the amplitude attenuation rate is changed from-1.0 to-0.3, which shows that the attenuation trend of the amplitude along with time is obviously improved.
Fig. 22 and 23 show quality control comparison graphs of local absorption attenuation rates before and after energy compensation of three-dimensional seismic data at a quality control frequency of 40Hz, and it can be seen from quality control comparison of a statistical histogram that the amplitude attenuation rate after processing is changed from-1.0 to 0.7 to-0.2 to 0.3, the attenuation rate moves towards the vicinity of 0, which indicates that the attenuation trend of the amplitude after the absorption attenuation compensation processing with time is improved, and as can be seen from the local absorption attenuation rate two-dimensional planar quality control graph of fig. 22, the spatial difference of local absorption attenuation of the data before processing is smaller, mainly because the amplitude attenuation of a high-frequency signal is more serious compared with that of a medium-low frequency signal, and the spatial difference after the effective signal attenuation is relatively reduced. Comparing the two-dimensional planar quality control diagrams of the local absorption attenuation ratio in fig. 22 and 23 shows that the spatial difference of the local absorption attenuation ratio is improved and the consistency is reduced after the absorption attenuation compensation treatment.
As can be seen from the analysis and comparison of the local absorption attenuation rate quality control diagrams in fig. 22 and 23, the trend of the amplitude attenuation with time is effectively improved after the absorption attenuation compensation treatment, but the spatial consistency of the compensated data is reduced, which indicates that the absorption attenuation compensation method or parameters used still have a certain room for improvement in the compensation of the frequency band near 40Hz.
The example shows that the quality control method can rapidly control the absorption attenuation condition of the seismic data of the three-dimensional work area, control the absorption attenuation compensation treatment effect of the seismic data, can also be used for measuring the evaluation of the spatial consistency effect of the seismic data before and after the earth absorption attenuation compensation treatment, and provides a basis for reasonably selecting the data absorption attenuation compensation method or parameters.
Example 2
Embodiment 2 describes a seismic data ground absorption attenuation three-dimensional space quality control system based on the same inventive concept as the seismic data ground absorption attenuation three-dimensional space quality control method in embodiment 1 described above.
The data analysis module is used for analyzing and determining an analysis time window and quality control frequency according to the three-dimensional work area control gun data;
the triangular filtering processing module is used for performing triangular filtering processing under various quality control frequencies on the seismic data of the whole three-dimensional work area;
the abnormal noise processing module is used for carrying out multi-channel data amplitude statistics and abnormal noise suppression processing on the results after the triangular filtering of each quality control frequency;
the amplitude regression fitting module is used for carrying out amplitude regression fitting on the result of the statistic suppression of the abnormal noise in a logarithmic domain;
and the ground absorption attenuation quality control module is used for constructing three-dimensional space absorption attenuation quality control parameters on the basis of the amplitude regression fitting result, so that the ground absorption attenuation three-dimensional space quality control processing is realized.
It should be noted that, in the quality control system for the three-dimensional space of the seismic data absorption attenuation, the implementation process of the functions and roles of each functional module is specifically shown in the implementation process of the corresponding steps in the method in the above embodiment 1, and will not be described herein.
Example 3
Embodiment 3 describes a computer device for implementing the steps of the method for quality control of the three-dimensional space of seismic data earth absorption attenuation described in embodiment 1 above.
The computer device includes a memory and one or more processors. Executable code is stored in the memory for implementing the steps of the seismic data absorption decay three-dimensional space quality control method when the executable code is executed by the processor.
In this embodiment, the computer device is any device or apparatus having data processing capability, which is not described herein.
Example 4
Embodiment 4 describes a computer readable storage medium for implementing the steps of the method for quality control of a three-dimensional space of absorption-attenuation of seismic data substantially as described in embodiment 1 above.
The computer readable storage medium of embodiment 4 has stored thereon a program which, when executed by a processor, is configured to implement the steps of a method for mass absorption attenuation three-dimensional space quality control of seismic data.
The computer readable storage medium may be an internal storage unit of any device or apparatus having data processing capability, such as a hard disk or a memory, or may be an external storage device of any device having data processing capability, such as a plug-in hard disk, a Smart Media Card (SMC), an SD Card, a Flash memory Card (Flash Card), or the like, which are provided on the device.
The foregoing description is, of course, merely illustrative of preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, but is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A quality control method for a three-dimensional space of seismic data ground absorption attenuation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, analyzing and determining an analysis time window and quality control frequency according to three-dimensional work area control gun data;
step 2, triangular filtering processing is carried out on the seismic data of the whole three-dimensional work area under each quality control frequency;
step 3, carrying out multi-channel data amplitude statistics and abnormal noise suppression processing on the results after the triangular filtering of each quality control frequency;
step 4, carrying out amplitude regression fitting on the result of statistic suppression of abnormal noise in a logarithmic domain;
and 5, constructing three-dimensional space absorption attenuation quality control parameters on the basis of the amplitude regression fitting result, so as to realize the three-dimensional space quality control treatment of the ground absorption attenuation.
2. The method for quality control of a three-dimensional space of earth absorption and attenuation of seismic data according to claim 1,
in the step 1, the analysis time window is determined as follows:
the representative quality control gun set data is optimized according to the near surface and underground construction characteristics of the three-dimensional work area; determining a offset range 0~x of the seismic data for quality control on the shot gather according to the signal-to-noise ratio of the quality control shot gather data max ；
Wherein x is max Representing the maximum value of offset; 0~x for falling into offset range in quality control cannon max The time window W is designed according to the seismic data in the system, and the time window W contains shallow, medium and deep reflection wave information and avoids interference waves.
3. The method for quality control of seismic data absorption attenuation three-dimensional space of claim 2, wherein,
in the step 1, the quality control frequency is determined as follows:
respectively calculating amplitude spectrums of a shallow reflected wave area and an area near a target layer in a time window W for quality control shot set data, comparing the amplitude spectrum attenuation conditions of the shallow reflected wave and the target layer reflected wave, and selecting a representative frequency f 1 、f 2 、…、f L As a quality control frequency; wherein L is the number of quality control frequencies.
4. The method for quality control of a three-dimensional space of earth absorption and attenuation of seismic data according to claim 1,
the step 2 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 2.1. Calculate the spectrum of the seismic data in the time window W for each shot set in the three-dimensional work area, denoted A s (f, x); wherein f is frequency, s is gun number, s=1, 2,3, …, x is offset, x is 0.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.x max ；
Step 2.2. Given the single-sided ramp frequency span f of the triangular filtering width Respectively calculating each quality control frequency f according to the following 1 、f 2 、…、f L Corresponding triangular filter operatorWhere i=1, 2, …, L;
；
step 2.3, calculating the result of each shot set data in the three-dimensional work area after each quality control frequency triangular filtering process, and marking asThe formula is as follows: />；
Where Re [ ] represents the real part processing, IFFT () represents the inverse fourier transform, and t represents time.
5. The method for quality control of seismic data absorption decay three-dimensional space of claim 4 wherein,
the step 3 specifically comprises the following steps:
results of triangular filtering of quality control frequencies of seismic dataExpressed in discrete form->；
Wherein,indicates the serial number of each time sampling point,/>Representing the track number; />Represents the sequence number of each time sampling point->Corresponding time, X k Representing the>The corresponding offset;
step 3.1. CalculationIs recorded as +.>；
Step 3.2 dataAlong X k All zero values are removed in the direction, and X after zero values are removed k The number of data of the direction is recorded as n j The result after elimination of the zero value is expressed as +.>；
Step 3.3, giving a percentage P of eliminating abnormal values, and calculating the number n of data after eliminating abnormal values at each moment j,p ；Wherein->Representing a round up->；
Step 3.4. For the result after eliminating the zero valueAlong X k Sorting from small to large in direction, and eliminating n j－ n j,P Maximum, the result is marked +.>；
Representing the pair result along X k After the direction is sorted from small to large, n is taken from small to large in sequence j,P A number of;
step 3.5. Calculating zero value and n of each moment of elimination j －n j,P The average value of the residual data after each maximum value is recorded asThe calculation formula is as follows:
；
wherein,and (5) under each quality control frequency, counting the amplitude of each gun set multichannel data to suppress the abnormal noise.
6. The method for quality control of a three-dimensional space of seismic data earth absorption attenuation of claim 5,
the step 4 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 4.1. WillConversion to logarithmic domain, the result is recorded as +.>Then:
；
step 4.2. Giving the starting and ending moments of the regression fit, respectivelyAnd->A representation; let the amplitude decay rate of the logarithmic domain be denoted by α, a linear regression curve is constructed as follows: y=αt+b;
wherein Y represents the amplitude of the logarithmic domain, T is time, and b is a constant which is constant over time;
pair in logarithmic domain using linear regression curveRegression fitting is performed, so that the sum of squares of fitting errors is represented by e, then:；
the problem of solving the fitting parameters a and b is a least squares fitting problem, by minimizing the sum of squares of the errors e, the solution of the problem being expressed in the form of a matrix equation as follows:；
wherein the method comprises the steps ofFor the equation solution to be solved, +.>，/>，/>And->Is a known quantity;
using a formula to findAnd finally obtaining the amplitude attenuation rate alpha of the logarithmic domain, wherein the amplitude attenuation rate alpha of the logarithmic domain can directly reflect the starting moment of fitting>Ending time->The macroscopic attenuation trend of the amplitude in the range is called alpha macroscopic attenuation rate.
7. The method for quality control of a three-dimensional space of seismic data earth absorption attenuation of claim 6,
the step 5 specifically comprises the following steps:
placing the macroscopic attenuation rate alpha value calculated by each gun on the two-dimensional space coordinate XY position of the gun point, and reflecting the magnitude of the macroscopic attenuation rate alpha value of the gun point by using color to control the relative intensity of macroscopic absorption attenuation of a three-dimensional work area in space; drawing a statistical histogram of the alpha value of the macroscopic attenuation rate of each gun in the three-dimensional work area to reflect the statistical distribution condition of the alpha value of the macroscopic attenuation rate;
for quality control purpose of local absorption and attenuation of stratum, for each gunThe values are respectively above the destination interval and the destination layerSection time window, define->And->Time window start-stop time, respectively for the region above the target interval, < >>And->Calculating the logarithmic domain statistical amplitude ++of the two time windows for the starting and ending time of the time window of the target interval by using the following formula>The expression is as follows:
；
wherein,reflecting the change rate condition of local absorption attenuation of the amplitude of the seismic wave energy transmitted from the area above the target layer to the vicinity of the target layer section, and taking the change rate condition as the constructed target layer section local absorption attenuation indication parameter, namely the local absorption attenuation rate;
placing the local absorption attenuation rate beta of each gun on the two-dimensional space coordinate XY position of the gun point on the ground, and reflecting the beta value by color to control the space relative change condition of the local absorption attenuation of the target interval of the three-dimensional work area; and drawing a statistical histogram of the local absorption attenuation rate beta of each target interval of the three-dimensional work area to reflect the statistical distribution condition of the absorption attenuation rate beta value of the target interval.
8. The method for quality control of a three-dimensional space of seismic data earth absorption attenuation of claim 7,
in the step 5, when the macroscopic attenuation rate alpha is negative, the trend that the amplitude gradually attenuates along with the time is shown; at a result of 0, the amplitude is characterized by a stationary signal over time; the result is positive, indicating a tendency of the amplitude to increase gradually over time.
9. A seismic data earth-absorption attenuation three-dimensional space quality control system, comprising:
the data analysis module is used for analyzing and determining an analysis time window and quality control frequency according to the three-dimensional work area control gun data;
the triangular filtering processing module is used for performing triangular filtering processing under various quality control frequencies on the seismic data of the whole three-dimensional work area;
the abnormal noise processing module is used for carrying out multi-channel data amplitude statistics and abnormal noise suppression processing on the results after the triangular filtering of each quality control frequency;
the amplitude regression fitting module is used for carrying out amplitude regression fitting on the result of the statistic suppression of the abnormal noise in a logarithmic domain;
and the ground absorption attenuation quality control module is used for constructing three-dimensional space absorption attenuation quality control parameters on the basis of the amplitude regression fitting result, so that the ground absorption attenuation three-dimensional space quality control processing is realized.
10. A computer device comprising a memory and one or more processors, the memory having executable code stored therein, wherein the processor, when executing the executable code, performs the steps of the seismic data mass absorption decay three-dimensional space quality control method of any one of claims 1 to 8.
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