CN117228905B - Sewage treatment device based on heavy metal pollution and treatment method thereof - Google Patents
Sewage treatment device based on heavy metal pollution and treatment method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117228905B CN117228905B CN202311516447.XA CN202311516447A CN117228905B CN 117228905 B CN117228905 B CN 117228905B CN 202311516447 A CN202311516447 A CN 202311516447A CN 117228905 B CN117228905 B CN 117228905B
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- Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a sewage treatment device based on heavy metal pollution and a treatment method thereof, belonging to the technical field of water treatment, and comprising a sedimentation tank and an adsorption tower, wherein the sedimentation tank is respectively provided with a first water inlet and a first water outlet at two ends in the length direction of the sedimentation tank, a plurality of stages of sedimentation tanks are sequentially arranged in the sedimentation tank along the sewage flow direction, and the first water outlet of the sedimentation tank is connected with the top of the adsorption tower through a water outlet pump; the bottom of a plurality of settling tanks constitutes the mud cavity, is equipped with the catch basin with mud cavity intercommunication in one side of settling tank, is equipped with in the settling tank and is used for discharging the clear mud clearing device who discharges into in the catch basin of mud cavity bottom impurity, is equipped with physical filtration subassembly, chemisorption subassembly and active carbon adsorption subassembly from last from down in proper order in the adsorption tower. Through sedimentation and filtration operation to the sewage that gets into the adsorption tower, the insoluble impurity and the showy floc of showy in the removal sewage effectively avoid impurity to block up in the adsorption tower, improve the life to filter material in the adsorption tower.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water treatment, in particular to a sewage treatment device and a treatment method based on heavy metal pollution.
Background
Along with the development of modern society, the sewage containing heavy metal ions is more and more produced, and because heavy metal ions are difficult to degrade under natural conditions, the heavy metal ions not only pollute environments such as water sources and soil, but also finally enter human bodies through the enrichment function of food chains, so that the harm to the health of the human bodies is caused, the treatment of the sewage containing heavy metal ions is particularly important, and the existing equipment for treating the heavy metal ions generally has the problems of poor purifying capacity, single purifying mode and incapability of treating the produced sludge.
The traditional method for removing metal ions comprises the following steps: chemical precipitation, chemical oxidation-reduction, activated carbon adsorption, ion exchange, solvent extraction, physical method, membrane separation, etc. These methods are effective under certain conditions, but have the disadvantages of high cost, complex operation, difficulty in treating low-concentration wastewater, and the like. Especially, a large amount of insoluble impurities and floating flocks are always present in the sewage, and when heavy metal ions in the sewage are removed, the impurities can seriously influence the cleaning and maintenance period of the treatment equipment, so that the removal efficiency of the treatment equipment on the heavy metal ions in the sewage is greatly reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a sewage treatment device and a treatment method based on heavy metal pollution.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, a sewage treatment device based on heavy metal pollution is provided, and the sewage treatment device comprises a sedimentation tank and an adsorption tower, wherein the two ends of the sedimentation tank in the length direction of the sedimentation tank are respectively provided with a first water inlet and a first water outlet, multistage sedimentation tanks are sequentially arranged in the sedimentation tank along the sewage flow direction, adjacent sedimentation tanks are separated by a partition plate, and the first water outlet of the sedimentation tank is connected with a first water outlet pipe by a water outlet pump;
a sludge discharge port is arranged between the lower edge of the partition plate and the bottom wall of the sedimentation tank, the bottoms of the sedimentation tanks form a sludge cavity through the sludge discharge port, a sludge collecting tank communicated with the sludge cavity is arranged on one side of the sedimentation tank, which is far away from the first water outlet, a sludge removing device for removing impurities at the bottom of the sludge cavity into the sludge collecting tank is arranged in the sedimentation tank, and a sewage pumping device for pumping the impurities in the sludge collecting tank is arranged at the top of the sedimentation tank;
one end of the first water outlet pipe, which is far away from the sedimentation tank, extends into the sedimentation tank from the top of the adsorption tower, a second water outlet is arranged at the bottom of the adsorption tower, a plurality of filter plates are sequentially and detachably arranged in the adsorption tower from top to bottom, and a physical filter assembly, a chemical adsorption assembly and an activated carbon adsorption assembly are respectively paved on the filter plates from top to bottom.
Further, the sludge cleaning device comprises a transmission assembly and a scraping plate assembly, wherein the transmission assembly comprises chain groups which are arranged on two sides in the sludge cavity in parallel along the length direction of the sedimentation tank, two ends of a chain in the chain groups are wound on chain wheels, and the sludge cleaning device further comprises a first driving motor which is in transmission connection with the chain wheels at one end of the chain groups;
the scraper assembly comprises a plurality of scrapers which are arranged between chains on two sides in the sludge cavity along the width direction of the sedimentation tank, the plurality of scrapers are uniformly arranged at intervals along the length direction of the chains, and impurities on the bottom wall in the sedimentation tank are scraped into the sewage collecting tank through the scrapers which pass through the lower layer of the chains.
Further, a plurality of mounting brackets are fixedly arranged on the chain along the length direction interval of the chain, the scraping plates are rotationally connected to the mounting brackets, springs are arranged on the mounting brackets and used for driving movable ends of the scraping plates to rotate towards the outer sides of the chain, the scraping plates are vertically and fixedly arranged at one ends of the movable ends, two rows of rollers are rotationally arranged on the connecting plates, guide plates are fixedly arranged on inner walls of two sides of a sludge cavity in the sedimentation tank, guide parts are smoothly bent upwards from two ends of the guide plates, the two rows of rollers of the scraping plates on the lower chain are in rolling contact with the guide plates, so that the scraping plates on the lower chain are kept vertical, and brushes for cleaning the surfaces of the scraping plates are arranged at the lower edges of the partition plates.
Further, the physical filter assembly comprises a quartz sand filter layer, the chemical adsorption assembly comprises a heavy metal chelating agent composite chitosan adsorption filter layer and a microorganism adsorption layer which are arranged from top to bottom at intervals, the microorganism adsorption layer is provided with a sphere with microorganisms attached to the surface, and the activated carbon adsorption assembly comprises a granular activated carbon layer.
Further, the chemical spray tower is further provided with an exhaust port at the top of the adsorption tower, a vent pipe is connected to the side wall of the chemical spray tower, the other end of the vent pipe is connected with the exhaust port on the adsorption tower, and an air pump is arranged on the vent pipe.
Further, be equipped with annular standing groove along self circumference on the roof of filter plate, the standing groove is used for placing any one of physics filter unit, chemisorption unit and active carbon adsorption unit, the interior bottom wall of standing groove is established to the wave along the circumference of filter plate fluctuation, the filtration pore has been seted up in the trough position running through on the standing groove of filter plate, the standing groove interior bottom wall wave top of lower floor filter plate aligns the standing groove interior bottom trough of upper filter plate, the one end fixedly connected with in the first outlet pipe stretches into the adsorption tower and with the coaxial shunt of standing groove, the shunt evenly spaced apart is equipped with a plurality of shunt openings of intercommunication first outlet pipe along self circumference, the shunt opening is towards the standing groove of the last layer filter plate in the adsorption tower.
Further, the filter plate is detachably connected with the adsorption tower, the lifting lug is arranged on the filter plate, an opening for the filter plate to enter/exit the adsorption tower is formed in the top of the adsorption tower, an air suction channel is formed in the top of the adsorption tower along the circumferential direction of the adsorption tower, a plurality of air suction inlets communicated with the air suction channel are uniformly formed in the inner wall of the opening in the top of the adsorption tower at intervals along the circumferential direction of the adsorption tower, and the air pipe is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the adsorption tower and communicated with the air suction inlets.
Further, the bottom of the filter plate at the lowest layer in the adsorption tower is provided with a first cultivation cavity under the standing groove, the first cultivation cavity is used for planting water planting plants, a plurality of first perforation communication holes for water planting plants to pass through are formed between the first cultivation cavity and the standing groove, and a first light source is arranged on the inner wall of the adsorption tower above the filter plate at the first cultivation cavity.
Further, be located between filter plate and the second delivery port of the lowest floor in the adsorption tower and be equipped with biological filtration frame, biological filtration frame includes the multilayer breed groove that collecting vat and collecting vat below interval on the upper strata set up, the bottom of collecting vat evenly runs through and is equipped with a plurality of first water pipes, a plurality of first water pipes divide into multiunit and each layer breed groove of one-to-one, all be provided with a plurality of second water pipe on the interior diapire of every layer breed groove, the second water pipe communicates with the second delivery port of adsorption tower bottom, the collecting vat intussuseption is filled with spherical ceramic filter material, breed the inslot and breed there is the hydroponic plant, be provided with a plurality of second light sources that are used for the illumination of every layer breed inslot hydroponic plant on the biological filtration frame.
In a second aspect, there is provided a sewage treatment method based on the sewage treatment apparatus of the first aspect of the present application, comprising the steps of:
s01, injecting heavy metal sewage to be treated into a sedimentation tank through a first water inlet, keeping a constant water injection rate, standing the heavy metal sewage in the sedimentation tank, settling at multiple stages, sinking insoluble impurities in the sewage, intercepting floating flocks by a baffle plate, and sucking clear liquid in a last stage sedimentation tank into an adsorption tower from a first water outlet;
s02, the sewage after preliminary treatment is discharged after passing through a physical filter assembly, a chemical adsorption assembly and an active carbon adsorption assembly from top to bottom in sequence in an adsorption tower, insoluble impurities are intercepted again on the physical filter assembly, metal ions in the sewage are adsorbed on the chemical adsorption assembly, and finally the sewage is deeply adsorbed on the active carbon adsorption assembly;
s03, periodically starting a sludge removal device to remove impurities precipitated in a sludge cavity in the sedimentation tank.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: 1. the sewage entering the adsorption tower is subjected to sedimentation and filtration operation, insoluble impurities and floating flocks in the sewage are removed, the impurities are effectively prevented from being blocked in the adsorption tower, the service life of a filtering material in the adsorption tower is prolonged, the impurities in the sedimentation tank are pushed into a sewage collecting tank by periodically adopting a sludge removing device, the impurities are pumped out by a sludge pump, and the bottom of the sedimentation tank is kept clean;
2. the bottom of the adsorption tower is integrally provided with a biological filter frame, so that the space in the adsorption tower is simplified, and the adsorption effect on heavy metal ions in sewage is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a sewage treatment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a sedimentation tank of the sewage treatment apparatus according to the embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a partial sectional structure of a sedimentation tank of the sewage treatment apparatus according to the embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing a partially cut-away structure of an adsorption tower of the sewage treatment apparatus according to the embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic flow chart of steps of a sewage treatment method according to an embodiment of the present application.
Wherein, 1, a sedimentation tank; 11. a first water inlet; 12. a first water outlet; 13. a precipitation tank; 14. a partition plate; 141. a brush; 15. a mud discharging port; 16. slag blocking plates; 17. a first water outlet pipe; 171. a shunt; 18. a sewage collecting tank; 19. a sewage pumping device; 2. an adsorption tower; 21. a filter plate; 211. a placement groove; 212. lifting lugs; 213. a first culture chamber; 214. a first light source; 22. a second water outlet; 23. a quartz sand filter material layer; 24. heavy metal chelating agent and chitosan adsorption filter layer; 25. a microorganism adsorbing layer; 26. a granular activated carbon layer; 27. an air suction passage; 3. a sludge removal device; 31. a chain set; 32. a scraper; 33. a mounting frame; 34. a spring; 35. a connecting plate; 36. a roller; 37. a guide plate; 4. a chemical spray tower; 41. a vent pipe; 42. an air extracting pump; 5. a biological filtration rack; 51. a collection tank; 52. a cultivation tank; 53. a first water pipe; 54. a second water pipe; 55. and a second light source.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the above technical solutions, the following detailed description will refer to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Example 1
The embodiment of the invention provides a sewage treatment device based on heavy metal pollution, referring to fig. 1, the sewage treatment device comprises a sedimentation tank 1 and an adsorption tower 2, wherein a first water inlet 11 and a first water outlet 12 are respectively arranged at two ends of the sedimentation tank 1 along the length direction of the sedimentation tank, a plurality of stages of sedimentation tanks 13 are sequentially arranged in the sedimentation tank 1 along the sewage flow direction, adjacent sedimentation tanks 13 are separated by a partition plate 14, a sludge discharge port 15 is arranged between the bottom edge of the partition plate 14 and the bottom wall of the sedimentation tank 13, the bottoms of the sedimentation tanks 13 are communicated to form a sludge cavity, a sewage collecting tank 18 communicated with the sludge cavity is arranged at one side of the sedimentation tank 1 far away from the first water outlet 12, a sludge cleaning device 3 is arranged in the sedimentation tank 1 and used for cleaning and discharging impurities on the bottom wall of the sedimentation tank 1 into the sewage collecting tank 18, and a sewage pumping device 19 used for pumping impurities in the sewage collecting tank 18 is also arranged at the top of the sedimentation tank 13.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, specifically, the sludge cleaning device 3 includes drive assembly and scraper assembly, drive assembly includes chain group 31 along sedimentation tank 1 length direction parallel arrangement in the mud cavity both sides, chain group 31 extends into in the dirt collecting tank 18, chain group 31 is two pieces of chains specifically, the both ends of every chain are all around establishing on the sprocket in chain group 31, the sprocket rotates to be connected on sedimentation tank 1's inner wall, fixed mounting has first driving motor on sedimentation tank 1's roof, first driving motor adopts chain or drive belt transmission to be connected with the sprocket of one end in the chain group 31. The scraper assembly comprises a plurality of scrapers 32 which are arranged between chains on two sides in the sludge cavity along the width direction of the sedimentation tank 1, the plurality of scrapers 32 are uniformly arranged at intervals along the length direction of the chains, the edge, away from the chains, of the scraper 32 positioned on the lower layer of the chains is close to the inner bottom wall of the sedimentation tank 1, and when the first driving motor drives the chains to act, the scraper 32 positioned on the lower layer of the chains moves towards the sewage collecting tank 18 and simultaneously pushes impurities on the bottom wall of the sedimentation tank 1 into the sewage collecting tank 18. The sewage pumping device 19 is a sludge pump, the sludge pump is fixedly arranged on the top wall of the sedimentation tank 1, the inlet of the sludge pump is connected with a sewage pumping pipe, and the sewage pumping pipe extends into the sewage collecting tank 18.
Further, in order to keep the cleaning on the working surface of the scraper 32, in the embodiment of the present application, a plurality of mounting frames 33 are arranged on the chains along the length direction of the chains at intervals, the mounting frames 33 are fixedly connected with one chain link on the chains, and the mounting frames 33 on the two chains are in one-to-one correspondence. The two ends of the scraping plate 32 are respectively and integrally fixedly connected with a rotating shaft, and are rotatably connected to the corresponding scraping plates 32 on the chains at two sides through the rotating shafts. The mounting frame 33 is provided with a spring 34, the spring 34 is used for driving the movable end of the scraping plate 32 to rotate towards the outer side of the chain, one end, far away from the movable end, of the scraping plate 32 is vertically and fixedly provided with a connecting plate 35, two rows of rollers 36 are rotatably arranged on the connecting plate 35, and the rotation axes of the rollers 36 are parallel to the rotation axes of the scraping plate 32. The guide plates 37 are fixedly arranged on the inner walls of the two sides of the sludge chamber in the sedimentation tank 1, the guide plates 37 are positioned in the chains, the two ends of the guide plates 37 are smoothly bent upwards to form guide parts, the two rows of rollers 36 of the scraping plates 32 positioned on the lower layer of the chains are in rolling contact with the guide plates 37 so that the scraping plates 32 on the lower layer of the chains are kept vertical, and the lower edges of the partition plates 14 are provided with brushes 141 for cleaning the surfaces of the scraping plates 32. When the scraper 32 moves to the upper layer of the chain, the scraper 32 is elastically supported upwards under the acting force of the spring 34, and when the scraper 32 moves along with the chain and passes through the partition 14, the partition 14 presses the scraper 32 to rotate to be parallel to the chain against the elastic force of the spring 34, and the brush 141 at the bottom of the partition 14 cleans the working surface of the scraper 32 for pushing and discharging impurities.
The upper edge of the baffle 14 is lower than the top wall of the sedimentation tank 1, and a slag blocking plate 16 can be arranged between the upper edge of the baffle 14 and the top wall of the sedimentation tank 1, so that impurities floating on the upper layer of sewage in the sedimentation tank 1 and floating flocks can be effectively intercepted, and the filtering effect on the sewage is improved.
Referring to fig. 4, an overflow groove is arranged at the outer side of the first water outlet 12 of the sedimentation tank 1, the lower edge of a notch of the first water outlet 12 is higher than the upper edge of the partition plate 14, a first water outlet pipe 17 is arranged in the overflow groove, a water pump is arranged on the first water outlet pipe 17, the first water outlet pipe 17 is communicated with the first water outlet 12 through the overflow groove, and the other end of the first water outlet pipe 17 extends into and is connected with the inside of the adsorption tower 2 from the top of the adsorption tower 2. The bottom of the adsorption tower 2 is provided with a second water outlet 22, a plurality of filter plates 21 are sequentially and detachably arranged in the adsorption tower 2 from top to bottom, and a physical filter assembly, a chemical adsorption assembly and an activated carbon adsorption assembly are respectively paved on the filter plates 21 from top to bottom. Can perform physical filtration, chemical filtration and depth filtration on sewage at one time.
Specifically, the physical filter component is used for filtering insoluble impurities in sewage and is a quartz sand filter material layer 23, and the thickness of the quartz sand filter material component is 15-25cm. The chemical adsorption component is used for chemically adsorbing and treating heavy metal ions in sewage and comprises a heavy metal chelating agent composite chitosan adsorption filter layer 24 and a microorganism adsorption layer 25 which are arranged at intervals from top to bottom, wherein the heavy metal chelating agent is disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate, and the microorganism adsorption layer 25 is provided with a sphere with microorganisms attached to the surface. The thickness of the heavy metal chelating agent composite chitosan adsorption filter layer 24 is 15-20cm, and the thickness of the microorganism adsorption layer 25 is 5-10cm. The activated carbon adsorption component is used for comprehensively deeply filtering sewage, and the thickness of the granular activated carbon layer 26 is 10-15cm.
The invention mainly removes impurities and heavy metals in water through multistage filtration, and particularly enhances the purification effect of water body through the combined action of flocculant, metal chelating agent and microorganism, the quality of water body is obviously improved, the water body becomes clear, the odor is eliminated, the hardness of water quality is reduced, the dissolved oxygen is increased, the content of ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in the water body is reduced, heavy metal ions are reduced, pathogenic bacteria are reduced, suspended matters and harmful algae in water are reduced, the diseases of aquatic animals and plants are reduced, the degradation of pollutants in water is accelerated, and the development of water ecology is healthy and benign.
The metal chelating agent is specifically disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate, is a compound containing two or more electron donating groups, can be complexed with various metal cations such as calcium, magnesium, lead, zinc, iron, chromium, copper, lead, mercury and the like in a water body, reduces the hardness of water, and relieves the toxic action of heavy metal ions on aquatic products.
The flocculant is chitosan, can provide a large amount of complex ions, can strongly adsorb colloid particles in sewage, and can cause colloid to be coagulated and precipitated through adsorption, bridge and crosslinking. Meanwhile, physical and chemical changes occur, and the charges on the surfaces of the colloid particles and the suspended matters are neutralized, so that the colloid particles are changed from the original repulsion to the attraction, the stability of the colloid groups is destroyed, and the colloid particles collide with each other, thereby forming flocculent coagulating sedimentation.
Furthermore, an Al-Ni-Zn ternary alloy scale preventing layer can be coated on the inner wall of the adsorption tower 2, so that the generation of scale and the like can be reduced to the greatest extent, and the sewage treatment effect is ensured.
Multistage filtration and adsorption are adopted, and the metal chelating agent is used as an ideal adsorption material for heavy metal ions by utilizing the characteristic of strong adsorption capacity of the metal chelating agent on the metal ions; the interception of large-sized particle impurities by quartz sand filter materials is utilized to secondarily filter and intercept the large-sized particle impurities in sewage, so that the adsorption reaction on a chemical adsorption device is ensured to be smoothly carried out; the further adsorption effect of the granular activated carbon on the refractory pollutants is utilized to enable the sewage to achieve the advanced treatment effect.
In this application embodiment, be equipped with annular standing groove 211 along self circumference on the roof of every layer of filter plate 21, standing groove 211 is used for placing any one of physical filtration subassembly, chemical adsorption subassembly and active carbon adsorption subassembly, and the wave along the circumference of filter plate 21 is established to the interior bottom wall of standing groove 211, is located the wave trough position and runs through the filtration pore on the diapire in the standing groove 211 of filter plate 21, the lower floor the standing groove 211 of upper filter plate 21 is aimed at to the standing groove 211 interior bottom trough of filter plate 21 in the standing groove 211 bottom of filter plate 211, the one end fixedly connected with in the absorption tower 2 that stretches into of first outlet pipe 17 and standing groove 211 coaxial shunt 171, shunt 171 evenly spaced along self circumference is equipped with a plurality of shunt openings of intercommunication first outlet pipe 17, and the shunt opening is towards the standing groove 211 of the interior upper filter plate 21 of absorption tower 2.
Sewage is dispersed and flowed into the placing groove 211 of the filter plate 21 through the flow divider 171, the sewage is gathered to the trough position in the placing groove 211, the flowing distance between the filtering substances in the placing groove 211 is increased, and the filtering effect on the sewage is improved. And the filter holes on the upper filter plate 21 are aligned with the wave tops of the lower filter plate 21, so that the filtering effect of each layer of filter plate 21 on sewage can be maintained.
Further, the filter plate 21 is detachably connected with the adsorption tower 2, a lifting lug 212 is arranged on the filter plate 21, and an opening for the filter plate 21 to enter/exit the adsorption tower 2 is formed in the top of the adsorption tower 2. The size of the filter plate 21 in the adsorption tower 2 is sequentially reduced from bottom to top, a supporting ring is coaxially and fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the adsorption tower 2, and the filter plate 21 is clamped on the supporting ring. When the filtering effect of the filtering materials on the filter plate 21 is reduced, workers can use equipment such as a gantry crane, a crane and the like to sequentially hoist the filter plate 21 in the adsorption tower 2, replace and restore the filtering materials in the filter plate 21, and prolong the service life of various filtering materials in the filter plate 21.
Further, the middle part of the first water outlet pipe 17 is hinged, the hinged part of the first water outlet pipe 17 adopts a corrugated pipe to keep the first water outlet pipe 17 communicated, and the shunt 171 at the upper opening part of the adsorption tower 2 can be removed from the upper part of the adsorption tower 2 by rotating one end of the first water outlet pipe 17 close to the adsorption tower 2, so that the filter plate 21 in the adsorption tower 2 is conveniently taken out.
Further, a first cultivation cavity 213 is arranged at the bottom of the filter plate 21 at the lowest layer in the adsorption tower 2 and is positioned under the placing groove 211, the first cultivation cavity 213 is used for planting hydroponic plants, a plurality of first perforations for the hydroponic plants to pass through are arranged between the first cultivation cavity 213 and the placing groove 211, and a first light source 214 is arranged on the inner wall of the adsorption tower 2 above the filter plate 21 where the first cultivation cavity 213 is positioned. By cultivating hydroponic plants in the first cultivation cavity 213 below the granular activated carbon layer 26, after physical filtration, chemical adsorption and deep adsorption of sewage, heavy metal ions in the water body are adsorbed again by the hydroponic plants. The sewage treatment effect is improved, and the sewage treatment effect is reacted through the growth condition of the hydroponic plants.
Further, a biological filtration frame 5 is arranged between the lowest filter plate 21 and the second water outlet 22 in the adsorption tower 2, the biological filtration frame 5 comprises a collection tank 51 at the uppermost layer and a plurality of culture tanks 52 arranged below the collection tank 51 at intervals, a plurality of first water passing pipes 53 uniformly penetrate through the bottom of the collection tank 51, the plurality of first water passing pipes 53 are uniformly divided into a plurality of groups and are communicated with the culture tanks 52 at each layer one by one, and the first water passing pipes 53 communicated with the culture tanks 52 at the lower layer penetrate through the culture tanks 52 at the upper layer. The inner bottom wall of each layer of cultivation groove 52 is provided with a plurality of second water passing pipes 54, each second water passing pipe 54 penetrates through a plurality of cultivation grooves 52 on the lower layer until the second water passing pipes pass through the cultivation groove 52 on the lowest layer and then are opened, each second water passing pipe 54 is communicated with the second water outlet 22 on the bottom of the adsorption tower 2, the collection groove 51 is filled with spherical ceramic filter materials for dispersing sewage flowing into the collection groove 51 so that the sewage uniformly flows into each second water passing pipe 54, hydroponic plants are cultivated in the cultivation groove 52, the sewage is split into each layer of cultivation groove 52 through the collection groove 51, heavy metal ions in the sewage can be deeply absorbed by the cultivation multi-layer horizontal plants through a concentrated integrated frame body in the adsorption tower 2, and the space utilization rate in the adsorption tower 2 and the sewage treatment effect of the adsorption tower 2 are greatly improved. A second light source 55 is also arranged in the space above each layer of culture tank 52, and the second light source 55 is a circle of light belts fixed on the inner wall of the adsorption tower 2 along the circumferential direction of the adsorption tower 2.
Further, the sewage treatment device further comprises a chemical spray tower 4, an exhaust port is arranged at the top of the adsorption tower 2, a vent pipe 41 is connected to the side wall of the chemical spray tower 4, the other end of the vent pipe 41 is connected with the exhaust port of the adsorption tower 2, and an air pump 42 is arranged on the vent pipe 41. The chemical spray tower 4 is used for collecting and treating waste gas generated during the sewage adsorption reaction in the adsorption tower 2, and discharging harmless gas after neutralizing the acid and alkali in the waste gas.
Specifically, the top of the adsorption tower 2 is provided with an air suction channel 27 along the circumferential direction thereof, and a plurality of air suction inlets communicated with the air suction channel 27 are uniformly spaced apart along the circumferential direction thereof on the inner wall of the opening at the top of the adsorption tower 2, and the ventilation pipe 41 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the adsorption tower 2 and communicated with the air suction inlets.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 5, the embodiment of the present application also provides a sewage treatment method based on the same inventive concept, and the sewage treatment apparatus provided in embodiment 1 is based on the same. The method comprises the following steps:
s01, injecting heavy metal sewage to be treated into the sedimentation tank 1 through the first water inlet 11, keeping a constant water injection rate, standing the heavy metal sewage in the sedimentation tank 1, settling the heavy metal sewage in multiple stages, sinking insoluble impurities in the sewage, intercepting floating flocks by the partition plate 14, and sucking clear liquid in the sedimentation tank 13 of the last stage into the adsorption tower 2 from the first water outlet 12;
s02, the sewage after preliminary treatment is discharged after passing through a physical filter assembly, a chemical adsorption assembly and an active carbon adsorption assembly from top to bottom in sequence in an adsorption tower 2, insoluble impurities are intercepted again on the physical filter assembly, metal ions in the sewage are adsorbed on the chemical adsorption assembly, and finally the sewage is deeply adsorbed on the active carbon adsorption assembly;
s03, in the sewage filtering process of the adsorption tower 2, waste gas generated by adsorption reaction enters the chemical spray tower 4 along the breather pipe 41, and after the waste gas is sprayed and reacted by the chemical spray tower 4, acid and alkali in the waste gas are neutralized, and then harmless emission is realized;
s04, periodically starting a sludge removal device 3 to remove impurities precipitated in the sludge cavity in the sedimentation tank 1.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that while preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications may be made to these embodiments once the basic inventive concepts are known to those skilled in the art. It is therefore intended that the following claims be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a sewage treatment plant based on heavy metal pollution, its characterized in that includes sedimentation tank (1) and adsorption tower (2), sedimentation tank (1) are equipped with first water inlet (11) and first delivery port (12) respectively at self length direction's both ends, be provided with multistage sedimentation tank (13) along sewage flow direction in sedimentation tank (1) in proper order, separate through baffle (14) between adjacent sedimentation tank (13), first delivery port (12) of sedimentation tank (1) are connected first outlet pipe (17) through the play water pump;
a sludge discharge port (15) is arranged between the lower edge of the partition plate (14) and the bottom wall of the sedimentation tank (1), the bottoms of a plurality of sedimentation tanks (13) form a sludge cavity through the sludge discharge port (15), one side, far away from the first water outlet (12), of the sedimentation tank (1) is provided with a sludge collection tank (18) communicated with the sludge cavity, a sludge removal device (3) for discharging impurities at the bottom of the sludge cavity into the sludge collection tank (18) is arranged in the sedimentation tank (1), and the top of the sedimentation tank (13) is provided with a sewage pumping device (19) for pumping impurities in the sludge collection tank (18);
one end of the first water outlet pipe (17) far away from the sedimentation tank (1) stretches into the sedimentation tank from the top of the adsorption tower (2), a second water outlet (22) is formed in the bottom of the adsorption tower (2), a plurality of filter plates (21) are sequentially and detachably arranged in the adsorption tower (2) from top to bottom, and a physical filter assembly, a chemical adsorption assembly and an activated carbon adsorption assembly are respectively paved on the filter plates (21) from top to bottom;
the sludge removing device (3) comprises a transmission assembly and a scraping plate assembly, wherein the transmission assembly comprises chain groups (31) which are arranged on two sides in a sludge cavity in parallel along the length direction of the sedimentation tank (1), two ends of a chain in the chain groups (31) are wound on chain wheels, and the sludge removing device further comprises a first driving motor which is in transmission connection with the chain wheels at one end of the chain groups (31);
the scraper assembly comprises a plurality of scrapers (32) which are arranged between chains at two sides in the sludge cavity along the width direction of the sedimentation tank (1), the plurality of scrapers (32) are uniformly arranged at intervals along the length direction of the chains, and impurities on the inner bottom wall of the sedimentation tank (1) are scraped into the sewage collecting tank (18) through the scrapers (32) which pass through the lower layer of the chains;
the utility model provides a scraper blade (32) is provided with spring (34) on installation frame (33), be provided with spring (34) on installation frame (33) along chain length direction interval set firmly on the chain, spring (34) are used for driving the expansion end of scraper blade (32) to the outside rotation of chain, scraper blade (32) are kept away from expansion end one end vertical fixation and are provided with connecting plate (35), rotate on connecting plate (35) and are provided with two rows of gyro wheels (36), all fixed being provided with deflector (37) on the both sides inner wall that is located the mud cavity in sedimentation tank (1), the both ends top smooth bending of deflector (37) goes out the guiding portion, the lower floor two rows of gyro wheels (36) of scraper blade (32) on the chain all rolling contact on deflector (37) to make scraper blade (32) keep vertical on the lower floor's chain, the lower limb of baffle (14) is provided with brush (141) that are used for clearing up scraper blade (32) surface.
2. The sewage treatment device based on heavy metal pollution according to claim 1, wherein the physical filter assembly comprises a quartz sand filter layer (23), the chemical adsorption assembly comprises a heavy metal chelating agent composite chitosan adsorption filter layer (24) and a microorganism adsorption layer (25) which are arranged at intervals from top to bottom, the microorganism adsorption layer (25) is provided with a sphere with microorganisms attached to the surface, and the activated carbon adsorption assembly comprises a granular activated carbon layer (26).
3. The sewage treatment device based on heavy metal pollution according to claim 1, further comprising a chemical spray tower (4), wherein an exhaust port is arranged at the top of the adsorption tower (2), a vent pipe (41) is connected to the side wall of the chemical spray tower (4), the other end of the vent pipe (41) is connected to the exhaust port of the adsorption tower (2), and an air pump (42) is arranged on the vent pipe (41).
4. A sewage treatment device based on heavy metal pollution according to claim 3, characterized in that, be equipped with annular standing groove (211) along self circumference on the roof of filter plate (21), standing groove (211) are used for placing any one of physical filtration subassembly, chemisorption subassembly and active carbon adsorption subassembly, the interior bottom wall of standing groove (211) is established to the wave of following the circumference fluctuation of filter plate (21), filter hole has been seted up in trough position running through on the standing groove (211) of filter plate (21), lower floor in standing groove (211) of filter plate (21) interior bottom wall wave top alignment upper filter plate (21) interior bottom trough, one end fixedly connected with and standing groove (211) coaxial shunt (171) in first outlet pipe (17) stretches into in adsorption tower (2), shunt (171) are evenly spaced along self circumference and are equipped with a plurality of intercommunication first outlet pipe (17), shunt opening towards the standing groove (211) of filter plate (21) of adsorption tower (2) interior uppermost layer.
5. The sewage treatment device based on heavy metal pollution according to claim 4, wherein the filter plate (21) is detachably connected with the adsorption tower (2), a lifting lug (212) is arranged on the filter plate (21), an opening for the filter plate (21) to enter/exit the adsorption tower (2) is formed in the top of the adsorption tower (2), an air suction channel (27) is formed in the top of the adsorption tower (2) along the circumferential direction of the top, a plurality of air suction inlets communicated with the air suction channel (27) are uniformly formed in the inner wall of the opening in the top of the adsorption tower (2) at intervals along the circumferential direction of the inner wall of the opening, and the air pipe (41) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the adsorption tower (2) and communicated with the air suction inlets.
6. The sewage treatment device based on heavy metal pollution according to claim 5, wherein a first cultivation cavity (213) is arranged at the bottom of the lowest filter plate (21) in the adsorption tower (2) and is positioned right below the placing groove (211), the first cultivation cavity (213) is used for planting hydroponic plants, a plurality of first perforations for water hydroponic plants to pass through are formed between the first cultivation cavity (213) and the placing groove (211), and a first light source (214) is arranged on the inner wall of the adsorption tower (2) above the filter plate (21) where the first cultivation cavity (213) is positioned.
7. The sewage treatment device based on heavy metal pollution according to claim 6, wherein a biological filtration frame (5) is arranged between a filter plate (21) at the lowest layer and a second water outlet (22) in the adsorption tower (2), the biological filtration frame (5) comprises a collecting tank (51) at the highest layer and a plurality of culture tanks (52) arranged below the collecting tank (51) at intervals, a plurality of first water passing pipes (53) uniformly penetrate through the bottom of the collecting tank (51), the plurality of first water passing pipes (53) are uniformly divided into a plurality of groups and are communicated with each culture tank (52) one by one, a plurality of second water passing pipes (54) are arranged on the inner bottom wall of each culture tank (52), the second water passing pipes (54) are communicated with the second water outlet (22) at the bottom of the adsorption tower (2), spherical ceramic filter materials are filled in the collecting tank (51), water plants are cultured in the culture tanks (52), and a plurality of second light sources (55) for culturing the water plants in each layer of culture tanks (52) are arranged on the biological filtration frame (5).
8. A sewage treatment method based on the sewage treatment apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by comprising the steps of:
s01, injecting heavy metal sewage to be treated into a sedimentation tank (1) through a first water inlet (11), keeping constant water injection rate, standing the heavy metal sewage in the sedimentation tank (1) and carrying out multistage sedimentation, sinking insoluble impurities in the sewage, intercepting floating flocs by a baffle plate (14), and sucking clear liquid in a last stage sedimentation tank (13) into an adsorption tower (2) from a first water outlet (12);
s02, the sewage after preliminary treatment is discharged after passing through a physical filter assembly, a chemical adsorption assembly and an active carbon adsorption assembly from top to bottom in the adsorption tower (2), insoluble impurities are intercepted again on the physical filter assembly, metal ions in the sewage are adsorbed on the chemical adsorption assembly, and finally the sewage is deeply adsorbed on the active carbon adsorption assembly;
s03, periodically starting a sludge removal device (3) to remove impurities precipitated in a sludge cavity in the sedimentation tank (1).
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