CN117226245B - Method for improving heat input of linear friction welding interface - Google Patents
Method for improving heat input of linear friction welding interface Download PDFInfo
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- CN117226245B CN117226245B CN202311506937.1A CN202311506937A CN117226245B CN 117226245 B CN117226245 B CN 117226245B CN 202311506937 A CN202311506937 A CN 202311506937A CN 117226245 B CN117226245 B CN 117226245B
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 187
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 51
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving heat input of a linear friction welding interface, which belongs to the technical field of linear friction welding of blisk parts in the field of aeroengine manufacturing, and comprises the following specific steps of: step one, determining the range of a plastic flow insufficient area of a welding interface, step two, determining the cambered surface bulge amount of the welding interface, and step three, determining the connection of the cambered surface bulge of the welding interface and the welding interface of a welding test piece. The method improves the heat input distribution uniformity of the welding interface of the blisk part, improves the forming quality of the welding joint of the blisk part, improves the consistency of the welding quality of the blisk part, has high manufacturing repeatability of the part, improves the product qualification rate and the production efficiency of the blisk part, and can meet the development and production requirements of products.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of linear friction welding of blisk parts in the field of aeroengine manufacturing, and particularly provides a method for improving heat input of a linear friction welding interface.
Background
The linear friction welding technique is a key manufacturing technique for blisk-type parts. The heat input and the metal plastic flow of the linear friction welding interface have a decisive influence on the metallurgical quality of the joint. In the linear friction welding process of the parts, plastic metal on the surface layer of the interface is easy to extrude at the edge part of the welding interface, but metal in the center part of the interface is limited by smaller vibration amplitude, the fluidity of the metal is poor, and the welding interface is not easy to extrude, so that a plastic flow insufficient area is formed at the center position of the welding interface, the welding quality of the parts is unstable, and the qualification rate of the parts is low.
Patent CN201710454317.6 discloses a method for improving the accuracy of the shortening amount of the linear friction welding, which sets a reference area through a preliminary test and calculates the average speed of the workpiece in the reference area, divides the speed interval and sets an adjustment value corresponding to the speed interval, thereby improving the accuracy of the shortening amount. The invention only controls the welding precision in the direction of the part shortening amount, and does not relate to a structural optimization method of a part welding joint and the invention.
Patent CN201811308931.2 discloses a flash deformation control device and method in linear friction welding process, the device includes welding jig and limit stop, welding jig is used for installing the welding part, can effectively solve the problem that the flash interferes adjacent welded part, has guaranteed the smooth welding process of welding part and welded part, has shown to improve welding efficiency. The invention only carries out the optimal design aiming at the welding tool of the part, and does not relate to the structural optimization method of the part welding joint and the content of the invention.
Patent CN201811311708.3 discloses a quality control method and device for a blade linear friction welding joint, and the invention provides a quality control device for a blade linear friction welding joint. The invention solves the problem that the traditional polygonal and diamond sections are easy to generate unwelded defects at the corners. The welding interface area of the component is effectively reduced, the quality of the welding joint is ensured, and the waste of precious metal is greatly reduced. The invention performs the optimization design of fillets and increasing the allowance aiming at the welding interface of the part, and does not relate to the structural optimization method of the part welding joint and the invention.
There is a great need for a method of improving the heat input at a linear friction welding interface that has excellent technical results.
Disclosure of Invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method of improving the heat input of a linear friction welding interface.
The method for improving the heat input of the linear friction welding interface comprises the following specific steps.
Step one, determining the range of the plastic flow insufficient area of the welding interface.
The linear friction welding process is completed by adopting the determined welding parameters, the welding interface of the welded test piece which is already welded is cut, the thickness of the plastic deformation layer of the weld joint metal in the normal direction of the welding interface is checked on the cut welding interface, the mobility of metals in different areas is compared according to the thickness distribution of the plastic deformation layer on the section, the mobility of the areas with smaller deformation layer is poor, otherwise, the mobility of the metals is good, and the area with insufficient plastic flow is determined according to the plastic metal flow degree on the welding interface; after the welding process is started, the temperature of a welding interface starts to rise due to the friction heat generation effect, and interface metal enters a plastic state due to the temperature rise; the metal in a plastic state is extruded out of the weld interface with the welding reciprocation. Around the welding interface, plastic metal has good fluidity, the deformation of the metal is more sufficient, and the welding quality is good; in the center of the welding interface, the plastic metal has poor fluidity, insufficient metal deformation, and easy residual interface oxide and inclusion to form unwelded defects.
And step two, determining the cambered surface bulge quantity of the welding interface.
The arc-shaped bulge of the welding interface is an arc-shaped bulge on the welding interface, the projection of the arc-shaped bulge of the welding interface on the welding interface is rectangular, the projection covers the area with insufficient plastic flow, the whole welding interface needs to be covered in the arc-shaped bulge range of the welding interface, and the included angle A between the arc-shaped bulge of the welding interface and the welding interface is 1-3 degrees.
And thirdly, determining that the cambered surface bulge of the welding interface is connected with the welding interface of the welding test piece.
The arc surface bulge of the welding interface is connected with the welding interface of the welding test piece by adopting a plane, and an inclined plane is formed in space.
Through designing the cambered surface bulge of the welding interface, the central insufficient deformation area of the welding interface is contacted first at the initial stage of welding, and under the action of welding pressure and reciprocating vibration friction force, friction heating and plastic deformation are generated first, so that the original insufficient deformation area is converted into a first friction heating area, and the plastic deformation area is started first, thereby improving the metal deformation capacity of the area and enabling the heat input of the welding interface at the area and the heat input of the welding interface around to be more uniform.
The cambered surface bulge of the welding interface can improve the heat input uniformity of the linear friction welding interface, properly reduce the requirement on the roughness of the welding surface, increase the allowance of the proper welding interface, improve the surface quality fault tolerance of the welding process, and reserve enough process margin for the metallurgical quality of the welding joint.
Conventional linear friction weld joints typically employ a butt joint configuration. In the welding process, the conventional welding interface is easy to bear larger friction force and impact force, and the welding structure can lead to insufficient friction heat generation of materials in the initial stage of welding, and larger friction resistance of metal of the welding interface, so that plastic metal of the welding interface is unstable in the discharging process, and tiny defects are easy to be caused at the edge of the welding interface; in the middle stage of welding, plastic metal extruded by a welding interface is randomly distributed on two sides of a joint, so that heat dissipation of the welded joint is uneven, and therefore, the welding size of parts is slightly deviated, and the size errors directly affect the final welding quality.
The method for improving the heat input of the linear friction welding interface can improve the heat input distribution uniformity of the welding interface of the blisk part, improve the forming quality of the welding joint of the blisk part and further improve the product qualification rate and the manufacturing reliability of the linear friction welding blisk part. The consistency of the welding quality of the blisk parts is improved, the manufacturing repeatability of the parts is high, the product qualification rate and the production efficiency of the blisk parts are improved, and the development and production requirements of products can be met.
Drawings
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a linear friction welding principle; where a represents the amplitude and b represents the vibration direction.
Fig. 2 is a schematic drawing of metal extrusion.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a region where the weld interface metal flow is insufficient, where d represents a region where the plastic metal flow is poor and e represents a region where the plastic metal flow is good.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the angles between the arc protrusions of the welding interface and the original welding interface.
Fig. 5 is a top view of a weld interface arc projection.
Fig. 6 is a front view of a welding interface arc protrusion and a welding test piece.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A schematic diagram of the principle of linear friction welding is shown in fig. 1, where a represents the amplitude and b represents the direction of vibration.
The method for improving the heat input of the linear friction welding interface comprises the following specific steps.
Step one, determining the range of the plastic flow insufficient region 1 of the welding interface.
And (3) finishing the linear friction welding process by adopting the determined welding parameters, wherein the sizes of the test pieces to be welded are 100mm multiplied by 40mm multiplied by 50mm, and the sizes of the test pieces at two sides are consistent. The welding parameters are as follows: the pressure is 50MPa, the amplitude is 2.5mm, the frequency is 30Hz, and the shortening amount is 2mm. Cutting the welding interface of the welded test piece 3 after welding is finished, checking the thickness of a weld metal plastic deformation layer in the normal direction of the welding interface on the cut welding interface, comparing the fluidity of metals in different areas according to the thickness distribution of the plastic deformation layer on the section, wherein the fluidity of the area with smaller deformation layer is poor, otherwise, the fluidity of the metal is good, determining a plastic flow insufficient area 1 according to the plastic metal flow degree on the welding interface, and determining the plastic flow insufficient area 1 of the welding interface as follows: elliptical extent of 40mm for major axis and 20mm for minor axis. Referring to fig. 1, after the welding process is started, the temperature of a welding interface begins to rise due to the action of friction heat generation, and interface metal enters a plastic state due to the rise of the temperature; the metal in this plastic state is forced out of the weld interface as the weld reciprocates, see in particular fig. 2. Around the welding interface, see the plastic metal fluidity good area e in the figure 3, the metal deformation is more sufficient, and the welding quality is good; in the center of the welding interface, referring to the region d with poor plastic metal fluidity in fig. 3, the metal is not deformed sufficiently, and interface oxides and inclusions are liable to remain, so that defects such as unwelded parts are formed.
And step two, determining the cambered surface bulge quantity of the welding interface.
The plastic flow insufficient region 1 of the welding interface was determined as: after the elliptical range of the major axis of 40mm and the minor axis of 20mm, a welding interface cambered surface bulge 2 is designed on the welding interface, the width of the welding interface cambered surface bulge 2 is 20mm, the length is equal to the length of the welding interface, the projection of the welding interface cambered surface bulge on the welding interface covers a plastic flow insufficient area 1, the angle between the cambered surface bulge part and the original welding interface is 2 degrees, and the welding interface is shown in the attached figures 4-5.
Step three, determining that the arc surface bulge 2 of the welding interface is connected with the welding interface of the welding test piece 3; see fig. 6.
The welding interface cambered surface bulge 2 adopts plane connection with the welding interface of the welding test piece 3, and an inclined plane is formed in space.
And finishing the design of the cambered surface bulge structure of the welding interface. And processing the welding interface cambered surface bulge 2 and the welding test piece 3 by adopting a numerical control milling processing mode. See fig. 6.
Example 2
The method for improving the heat input of the linear friction welding interface comprises the following specific steps.
Step one, determining the range of the plastic flow insufficient region 1 of the welding interface.
The linear friction welding process is completed by adopting the determined welding parameters, the welding interface of the welded test piece 3 which is already welded is cut, the thickness of the plastic deformation layer of the weld joint metal in the normal direction of the welding interface is checked on the cut welding interface, the mobility of metals in different areas is compared according to the thickness distribution of the plastic deformation layer on the section, the mobility of the areas with smaller deformation layer is poor, otherwise, the mobility of the metals is good, and the plastic flow insufficient area 1 is determined according to the plastic metal flow degree on the welding interface; after the welding process is started, the temperature of a welding interface starts to rise due to the friction heat generation effect, and interface metal enters a plastic state due to the temperature rise; the metal in this plastic state is forced out of the weld interface as the weld reciprocates, see in particular fig. 2. Around the welding interface, see the plastic metal fluidity good area e in the figure 3, the metal deformation is more sufficient, and the welding quality is good; in the center of the welding interface, referring to the region d with poor plastic metal fluidity in fig. 3, the metal is not deformed sufficiently, and interface oxides and inclusions are liable to remain, so that defects such as unwelded parts are formed.
And step two, determining the cambered surface bulge quantity of the welding interface.
The arc-shaped bulge of the welding interface is an arc-shaped bulge on the welding interface, the projection of the arc-shaped bulge 2 of the welding interface on the welding interface is rectangular, the projection covers the plastic flow insufficient area 1, the whole welding interface needs to be covered in the range of the arc-shaped bulge 2 of the welding interface, the included angle A between the arc-shaped bulge 2 of the welding interface and the welding interface is 1-3 degrees, and the welding interface is particularly shown in fig. 4 and fig. 5.
And thirdly, determining the welding interface connection of the welding interface cambered surface bulge 2 and the welding test piece 3.
The welding interface of the cambered surface bulge 2 of the welding interface and the welding test piece 3 adopts plane connection, and an inclined plane is formed in space, see figure 6.
Claims (1)
1. A method of improving heat input at a linear friction weld interface, comprising: the method for improving the heat input of the linear friction welding interface comprises the following specific steps:
step one, determining the range of a plastic flow insufficient area (1) of a welding interface;
cutting a welding interface of a welded test piece (3) which is welded, checking the thickness of a weld metal plastic deformation layer in the normal direction of the welding interface on the cut welding interface, wherein the plastic metal mobility of a region with small thickness of the metal plastic deformation layer is poor, the plastic metal mobility of a region with large thickness of the metal plastic deformation layer is good, determining a region (1) with insufficient plastic flow according to the plastic metal flow degree on the welding interface, wherein the deformation of the region with good plastic metal mobility is sufficient, the region with poor plastic metal mobility and the metal deformation are insufficient;
step two, determining the cambered surface bulge quantity of a welding interface;
the arc-shaped bulge (2) of the welding interface is an arc-shaped bulge on the welding interface, the projection of the arc-shaped bulge (2) of the welding interface on the welding interface is rectangular, the projection covers the area (1) with insufficient plastic flow, and the angle A between the arc-shaped bulge (2) of the welding interface and the welding interface is 1-3 degrees;
step three, determining that the arc surface bulge (2) of the welding interface is connected with the welding interface of the welding test piece (3);
the welding interface cambered surface bulge (2) and the welding interface of the welding test piece (3) are connected by adopting a plane, and an inclined plane is formed in space.
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| CN113297699A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-08-24 | 西北工业大学 | Simulation method for predicting influence of defects on blisk linear friction welding forming |
| CN114943121A (en) * | 2022-04-12 | 2022-08-26 | 西北工业大学 | Residual stress introduced creep induction period prediction method for friction welding additive part |
| WO2023166871A1 (en) * | 2022-03-04 | 2023-09-07 | 国立大学法人大阪大学 | Linear friction welding method, linear friction weld joint, and welded structure |
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| US6543670B2 (en) * | 2001-08-29 | 2003-04-08 | The Boeing Company | Interface preparation for weld joints |
| DE102004032975A1 (en) * | 2004-07-08 | 2006-02-09 | Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh | A method of joining vane blades to vane roots or rotor disks in the manufacture and / or repair of gas turbine blades or integrally bladed gas turbine rotors |
| RU2012127372A (en) * | 2009-11-30 | 2014-01-10 | Снекма | METHOD FOR PERFORMING METAL AMPLIFICATION ELEMENT OF TURBO MACHINE BLADES |
| FR3028437B1 (en) * | 2014-11-14 | 2017-07-14 | Snecma | PROCESS FOR FRICTION WELDING WITH BLADE REPLACING ON A TURBOMACHINE BLADE |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6095402A (en) * | 1997-06-25 | 2000-08-01 | Rolls Royce Plc | Method for the manufacture or repair of a blisk by linear friction welding |
| CN104551380A (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2015-04-29 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空制造工程研究所 | Integral blade disc and manufacturing method thereof |
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| WO2020170765A1 (en) * | 2019-02-22 | 2020-08-27 | 国立大学法人大阪大学 | Fixing jig for linear friction welding and linear friction welding method |
| CN113297699A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-08-24 | 西北工业大学 | Simulation method for predicting influence of defects on blisk linear friction welding forming |
| WO2023166871A1 (en) * | 2022-03-04 | 2023-09-07 | 国立大学法人大阪大学 | Linear friction welding method, linear friction weld joint, and welded structure |
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