CN117226158A - Cutting blade and cutting tool thereof - Google Patents
Cutting blade and cutting tool thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117226158A CN117226158A CN202311502438.5A CN202311502438A CN117226158A CN 117226158 A CN117226158 A CN 117226158A CN 202311502438 A CN202311502438 A CN 202311502438A CN 117226158 A CN117226158 A CN 117226158A
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 320
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The application provides a cutting blade and a cutting tool thereof, wherein the cutting blade comprises an upper end surface, a side surface and a plurality of cutting edges formed by intersecting the upper end surface and the side surface; the cutting edge includes a linear first main cutting edge extending from the first corner cutting edge in a downward inclined manner, a corner cutting edge having one end connected to the first main cutting edge, and a linear second main cutting edge connected to the corner cutting edge, wherein rake angles of the first main cutting edge and the second main cutting edge are identical or substantially identical. The object of the present application is to provide a cutting insert in which chip removal is not directed to the surface of a machined workpiece.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the field of machining tools, and particularly relates to a cutting blade and a cutting tool thereof.
Background
In general, a workpiece of a metal, a nonmetal, or the like is cut by using a cutting edge rotary tool body to which a cutting insert is attached, for example, a ramping down, a counter bore, a vertical, a screw machining, or the like. There is an increasing demand for small diameter cutting tools having a minimum 16mm peripheral blade diameter to accommodate narrow and long distance spaces for high precision, high efficiency machining. In order to achieve the stability improvement of the mounting of the cutting insert on the cutting tool, the stability of the mounting of the cutting insert needs to be sufficiently considered in structural design, and the strength of the insert and the chip removal performance thereof need to be considered.
Japanese patent application laid-open No. 2011516292 discloses a cutting insert. The cutting insert is mountable in a small diameter cutting tool by longitudinal sides, preferably substantially parallel planar surfaces, and transverse sides, preferably convexly curved surfaces, the two corner portions projecting above serving as corner cutting edges and having two oppositely inclined chip flutes in the transverse direction.
However, such cutting inserts have the following disadvantages: because the whole lateral side surface of the device is a convex curved surface, the production and manufacture difficulty coefficient is larger than that of a production plane; at the same time, it is difficult to detect the size of the convex curved surface, and when the transverse cutting force generated during cutting machining is greater than the longitudinal cutting force, the lateral side of the insert mounted in the cutter body is easily shifted radially.
The chip flutes on one side are inclined towards the workpiece so that the chips flow onto the workpiece that has been machined, resulting in a poor surface quality of the machined workpiece and the side not having independent cutting capability.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, it is an object of the present application to provide a cutting insert in which chip removal is not directed to the surface of the machined workpiece.
The application provides a cutting blade, which comprises an upper end surface, a side surface and a plurality of cutting edges formed by intersecting the upper end surface and the side surface; the cutting edge includes a linear first main cutting edge extending from the first corner cutting edge in a downward inclined manner, a corner cutting edge having one end connected to the first main cutting edge, and a linear second main cutting edge connected to the corner cutting edge, wherein rake angles of the first main cutting edge and the second main cutting edge are identical or substantially identical.
Further, the upper end surface has a chip return inclined surface formed by inclining a partial region of the upper end surface from the center of the insert to the rake surface of the second main cutting edge, and the inclination angle α of the side surface of the chip return inclined surface facing the second main cutting edge with respect to the reference surface is 0 ° < α.ltoreq.8 °.
Specifically, the rake surfaces of the first main cutting edge and the second main cutting edge are both flat surfaces.
Further, the first corner cutting edge is arranged at the corner of the upper end surface, a step is arranged between the front cutter surface of the first corner cutting edge and the middle part of the upper end surface, and the step extends from the center near the front cutter surface of the first corner cutting edge to two sides and gradually reduces.
Specifically, the first corner cutting edge inclination rate θ1 is smaller than the first main cutting edge inclination rate θ2.
Further, the side surfaces include a first side surface contiguous with the first main cutting edge, a second side surface contiguous with the second main cutting edge, a fourth side surface contiguous with the minor cutting edge, and a third side surface having one end contiguous with the second side surface and the other end extending toward the lower bottom surface; the first to fourth side surfaces are flat surfaces.
Further, the width of the first side surface and the width of the second side surface both become gradually smaller as approaching the lower bottom surface.
Specifically, the included angle between the first side surface and the central axis of the blade is equal to the included angle between the second side surface and the central axis of the blade, and the included angle is alpha 1, wherein alpha 1 is between 7 and 20 degrees, and preferably alpha 1 is between 10 and 15 degrees.
Specifically, the included angle alpha 2 between the fourth side surface and the central axis of the blade is 10-22 degrees, and alpha 2 is more than or equal to alpha 1. Preferably, α2 is between 11 ° and 15 °.
Specifically, the included angle alpha 3 between the third side surface and the central axis of the blade is 20-30 degrees, and alpha 3 is more than alpha 1. Preferably, α3 is between 24 ° and 26 °.
Further, the width of the third side surface gradually becomes larger as approaching the lower bottom surface and expands below the peripheral side surface.
Specifically, the first main cutting edge forms an included angle beta 1 with a straight line which is perpendicular to the auxiliary cutting edge and passes through the center of the blade, and the included angle beta 1 is more than or equal to 5 degrees and less than or equal to 15 degrees; the second main cutting edge forms an included angle beta 2 with a straight line perpendicular to the auxiliary cutting edge and passing through the center of the blade, and the included angle beta 2 is 15 degrees less than or equal to 30 degrees. Preferably, β1 is between 6 ° and 10 °, and β2 is between 21 ° and 25 °.
Further, the upper end face has two sets of cutting edges, each set of cutting edges including a minor cutting edge, a first corner cutting edge, a first major cutting edge, a corner cutting edge, a second major cutting edge, and a second corner cutting edge connected in sequence.
In particular, the respective minor cutting edges of the two sets of cutting edges are rotationally symmetrical with respect to the insert central axis, as are the other cutting edges of the two sets of cutting edges. Preferably 180 deg. rotationally symmetrical with respect to the blade center axis.
Also provided is a cutting tool, characterized by comprising a tool body and the cutting insert according to the above technical scheme; the cutter body has a central rotation axis about which the cutter body is rotatable, and is provided with an insert seat for receiving a cutting insert, which is mounted in the insert seat.
The improvement of the application brings the following advantages: the cutting blade provided by the embodiment of the application has chip removal modes with different structures, and can guide chips to move in a preset mode, so that the flow direction of the chips can be effectively controlled.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a cutting insert according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of a cutting insert according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of a cutting insert according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along E-E in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line D-D of FIG. 3;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along J-J in FIG. 3;
FIG. 7 is a schematic top view of a cutting insert according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 8 is a schematic perspective view of a cutting tool according to an embodiment of the present application.
Description of the embodiments
Other advantages and effects of the present application will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, which describes the embodiments of the present application with reference to specific examples. The application may be practiced or carried out in other embodiments that depart from the specific details, and the details of the present description may be modified or varied from the spirit and scope of the present application.
Referring to fig. 1 to 7, a cutting insert 100 according to an embodiment of the present application includes an upper end surface 1, a lower bottom surface 2 opposite to the upper end surface 1, and a plurality of side surfaces 3 connecting the upper and lower end surfaces, through holes 4 extending through respective centers of the upper end surface 1 and the lower bottom surface 2, and the upper end surface 1 and the side surfaces 3 intersecting to form a plurality of cutting edges.
The set of multiple cutting edges comprises a minor cutting edge 5, a first corner cutting edge 6, a first main cutting edge 7, a corner cutting edge 8, a second main cutting edge 9 and a second corner cutting edge 10. The upper end surface 1 has an upturned corner 11, the corner 11 intersecting the side surface to form a first corner cutting edge 6.
The height of the position is referenced to the blade center axis 14 in the present application.
As an example, the rake angles of the first main cutting edge 7 and the second main cutting edge 9 are the same or substantially the same, i.e. γ1=γ2 or γ1≡γ2, and the cutting edges extend obliquely all the way down from the first corner cutting edge 6 to the first main cutting edge 7, the corner cutting edge 8 and the second main cutting edge 9 in sequence. Preferably, the first corner cutting edge 6 is located highest relative to the rest of the cutting edge and the second main cutting edge 9 is located lowest relative to the rest of the cutting edge. By constructing the chip breaker surface as the rake surface of the chip edge portion so that the rake angles are equal, chips can be made to flow to a place opposite to the workpiece machining surface during cutting. Although the rake angles of the first main cutting edge 7 and the second main cutting edge 9 are equal or substantially equal, as the cutting edges extend obliquely downward from the end of the highest first corner cutting edge 6 along the first main cutting edge 7, the corner cutting edge 8 to the lowest second main cutting edge 9, as shown in fig. 2, it is inevitable that the first main cutting edge 7 and the second main cutting edge 9 respectively form different chip removing structures, and the two cutting edges are not on the same plane. When the chips flow to the second main cutting edge 9 side during the cutting process of the first main cutting edge 7, the rake surface of the second main cutting edge 9 can guide the chips not to flow to the machined surface of the workpiece. When the second major cutting edge 9 cuts, the chip flows to the first major cutting edge 7 side, and the rake surface of the first major cutting edge can guide the chip not to flow to the machined surface of the workpiece.
As shown in fig. 1 and 5, the upper end surface 1 has a chip return inclined surface 12, and the chip return inclined surface 12 is formed by inclining a partial region of the upper end surface 1 from the insert center toward the rake surface of the second main cutting edge 9, and is provided between the upper end surface middle portion 16 and the rake surface of the second main cutting edge 9. The chip-returning inclined surface 12 may include a plurality of inclined planes or may include a convex curved surface. The inclination angle alpha of the side of the chip return inclined surface 12 facing the second main cutting edge 9 with respect to the reference surface 15 may be 0 deg. < alpha +.ltoreq.8 deg.. The chip return chamfer 12 can act as a structure for guiding the chip flow direction so that the insert has a better chip removal performance.
In the present application, the reference surface 15 refers to a virtual plane parallel to the upper end surface middle portion 16.
The first corner cutting edge 6 is provided at a corner 11 of the upper end surface and protrudes upward. Preferably, the first corner cutting edge 6 is located highest relative to the rest of the cutting edges in the same set of cutting edges, i.e. the first corner cutting edge 6 is higher than the minor cutting edge 5, the first main cutting edge 7, the corner cutting edge 8, the second main cutting edge 9 and the second corner cutting edge 10, respectively. The second main cutting edge 9 is lowest with respect to the rest of the cutting edges, i.e. the second main cutting edge 9 is lower than the minor cutting edge 5, the first corner cutting edge 6, the first main cutting edge 7, the corner cutting edge 8 and the second corner cutting edge 10. The cutting edge extends obliquely from the first corner cutting edge 6 towards the second main cutting edge 9, i.e. from the end of the uppermost first corner cutting edge 6 down the first main cutting edge 7, the corner cutting edge 8 to the lowermost second main cutting edge 9.
A linear first major cutting edge 7 is formed extending from one end of the first corner cutting edge 6 in a straight line and inclined downward.
The second corner cutting edge 5 is formed along a straight line extending obliquely downward along the other end of the first corner cutting edge 6. The minor cutting edge 5 may be curved such that the first corner cutting edge and the second corner cutting edge engage smoothly, and the space at the second corner cutting edge is more open and better for chip removal.
The inclined circular arc-shaped corner cutting edge 8 connects the first main cutting edge 7. The corner cutting edge 8 may be curved so that there is sufficient space to avoid contact with the workpiece during the cutting process of the first main cutting edge 7.
A second main cutting edge 9 is linearly formed to extend from one end of the corner cutting edge 8.
The other end of the second main cutting edge 9 is connected to a second corner cutting edge 10. The second corner cutting edge 10 may be arcuate.
Preferably, the length of the first main cutting edge 7 is longer than the length of the second main cutting edge 9, and cutting edges of different lengths are advantageous to meet different machining conditions. The first main cutting edge 7 and the second main cutting edge 9 form a pair of cutting units with different lengths, the two cutting units can independently cut, the first main cutting edge 7 is suitable for a right-hand tool, and the second main cutting edge 9 is suitable for a left-hand tool. The chip removal forms of the two different structures and the cutting units (namely the right-hand knife and the left-hand knife) with different lengths increase the use probability of the blade and improve the economy of the knife.
As an example, the rake surfaces 17 of the first and second main cutting edges 7, 17 are both flat surfaces. The rake surface 17 is formed in a planar shape, so that chip removal performance can be improved and chip clogging and uncontrolled flow of chips to a machined surface of a workpiece can be avoided when the main cutting edge is used for oblique cutting. The cutting resistance is reduced, so that the vibration of the tool can be reduced and the surface roughness of the machined surface can be improved. Preferably, the rake surface of each cutting edge is inclined downward, all in the direction of the center of the insert, so that the flow direction of chips can be more effectively guided. The blade is provided with a plurality of chip removal modes with different structures, and the chip is guided to effectively control the flow direction of the chip according to a preset mode. When the first main cutting edge is used as a chip removing structure of a rake face on a step during cutting processing of a right-hand knife, and the second main cutting edge is used as a left-hand knife during cutting processing, chips are removed by the chip removing structures of the rake face and a chip returning inclined face which extend below the upper end face according to the set orientations of the rake face.
A step 13 is provided between the rake face of the first corner cutting edge 6 and the upper end surface middle portion 16, and the step 13 extends from the center near the rake face of the first corner cutting edge 6 to both sides, i.e., the rake face of the minor cutting edge 5 and the rake face of the first major cutting edge, and gradually narrows until vanishing. The step interconnects the upper face and the rake surface providing good protection against chip impact in the middle 16 of the upper face of the cutting insert.
As an example, the angle between the reference surface 15 and the cutting edge is the inclination θ of the cutting edge. The inclination rate θ1 of the first corner cutting edge 6 is preferably smaller than the inclination rate θ2 of the linear first main cutting edge 7. The inclination rate theta 3 of the corner cutting edge 8 of the curve is preferably greater than the inclination rate theta 2 of the first main cutting edge 7. When the main cutting edge performs cutting, a large inclination rate of the corner cutting edge has a large enough space to avoid the workpiece. Preferably the second main cutting edge 9 is parallel to the upper end surface middle portion 16. The different slopes of the cutting edges can achieve an effect of reducing cutting force when the cutting insert 100 is mounted and fixed to the rotary cutting tool, so that cutting resistance can be reduced in cutting processing and the life of the cutting insert 100 can be improved.
As an example, the side surface 3 includes a first side surface 31 that meets the first main cutting edge 7, a second side surface 32 that meets the second main cutting edge 9, a fourth side surface 34 that connects to the minor cutting edge 5, and a third side surface 33 that meets the second side surface 32 at one end and extends toward the lower surface 2 at the other end; the first side surface 31 to the fourth side surface 34 are all flat surfaces. The transverse side surface is changed into a plurality of flat surfaces or a combination of a plurality of flat surfaces with different relief angles from the convex curved surface, so that the processing reliability is improved, the unstable product quality is reduced, the dislocation installation is effectively avoided, and the service life of the cutting blade 100 is prolonged. The existing cutting blade is characterized in that the lateral side surfaces of the existing cutting blade are convex curved surfaces, limited contact exists when the existing cutting blade is installed in the cutter body, positioning is inaccurate, and installation is easy to loosen. The application increases the lateral contact range by one or more flat sides, so that the positioning is more accurate and the installation is more stable.
The first main cutting edge 7, the rake surface and the upper end surface middle portion 16 of the second main cutting edge, the lower bottom surface 2, and the side surface 3 are preferably flat surfaces.
It is preferable that the width of the first side surface 31 and the width of the second side surface 32 both become gradually smaller as approaching the lower bottom surface 2.
Preferably, the first side surface 31 and the insert center axis 14 are both at an angle α1, α1 being between 7 ° and 20 °, preferably between 10 ° and 15 °, to the insert center axis 14, as is the angle between the second side surface 32 and the insert center axis 14.
Preferably, the angle α2 between the fourth side surface 34 and the blade center axis 14 is between 11 ° and 15 °, and α2 is greater than or equal to α1.
Preferably, the third side surface 33 is at an angle α3 of 24 ° to 26 ° with respect to the blade center axis 14, α3 > α1.
Preferably, the side surfaces 3 form different angles with the insert center axis 14, facilitating the fixation of the cutting insert 100 in the cutter body.
Further, the width of the third side surface 33 gradually becomes larger as approaching the lower bottom surface 2 and expands below the adjacent peripheral side surface 3. The cutter body is installed in the cutter body without dislocation caused by the influence of cutting force, so that the surface quality processed by the vibrating cutter is prevented from being extremely poor. When the cutting blade is installed in the cutter body for cutting, the main cutting edge of the cutting blade is mainly loaded by cutting force, the other side installation positioning surface opposite to the stressed cutting edge needs a sufficient contact range to avoid dislocation of the blade, and the contact position range of the third side surface of the cutting blade and the cutter body is large enough to prevent dislocation of the blade due to stress.
As shown in FIG. 7, as an example, the first main cutting edge 7 makes an angle β1,5 DEG β115 DEG with a straight line perpendicular to the minor cutting edge 5 and passing through the center of the insert. The center of the blade is a point on the blade center axis 14. The second main cutting edge 9 forms an angle beta 2 with a line perpendicular to the minor cutting edge 5 and passing through the centre of the insert, 15 DEG < beta 2 < 30 deg.
As an example, the upper end surface 1 has a substantially hexagonal shape.
The shape of the upper end surface 1 is preferably an irregular hexagon with rounded corners.
The upper end surface 1 preferably has two sets of cutting edges, each set comprising a minor cutting edge 5, a first corner cutting edge 6, a first main cutting edge 7, a corner cutting edge 8, a second main cutting edge 9 and a second corner cutting edge 10, which are connected in sequence.
Further, the minor cutting edges 5 of each of the two sets of cutting edges are rotationally symmetrical at 180 degrees with respect to the insert central axis 14, as are the other cutting edges of the two sets of cutting edges.
The portion of the upper end surface 1 adjacent to and in contact with each cutting edge forms a rake surface of each cutting edge. The rake face of each cutting edge is connected with the middle part 16 of the upper end surface or connected with the chip breaking inclined plane.
Preferably, in side view, the first main cutting edge 7 is higher than the upper end surface 1, while the second main cutting edge 9 is not lower than the upper end surface 1. The linear first main cutting edge is connected with the inclined first corner cutting edge, the curved corner cutting edge is in transitional connection with the first main cutting edge and the second main cutting edge, and the second main cutting edge is linear. The first main cutting edge is arranged higher than the upper end surface, so that the rake surface of the second main cutting edge can only guide the flow direction of chips when the first main cutting edge cuts. The provision of the second main cutting edge not lower than the upper end surface enables the second main cutting edge to be used for cutting processing as well.
Referring to fig. 8, a cutting tool according to an embodiment of the present application includes a tool body 200, the tool body 200 having a central rotation axis C, the tool body 200 being rotatable about the central rotation axis C, the tool body 200 being provided with an insert holder 201 for receiving a cutting insert 100, the cutting insert 100 including at least one cutting insert 100 according to an embodiment of the present application, the cutting insert 100 being mounted in the insert holder 201.
The present application is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily understood by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present application are intended to be included in the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (13)
1. A cutting insert comprising an upper end surface, a side surface, and a plurality of cutting edges formed by the intersection of the upper end surface and the side surface; the cutting edge comprises a linear first main cutting edge, a corner cutting edge and a linear second main cutting edge, wherein the linear first main cutting edge extends downwards from the first corner cutting edge in an inclined mode, one end of the corner cutting edge is connected with the first main cutting edge, the linear second main cutting edge is connected with the corner cutting edge, and the rake angles of the first main cutting edge and the second main cutting edge are the same; the upper end face is provided with a chip return inclined plane, the chip return inclined plane is formed by inclining a part area of the upper end face from the center of the blade to the front cutter face of the second main cutting edge, and the inclination angle alpha of the side face of the chip return inclined plane, which faces the second main cutting edge, relative to the reference plane is more than 0 degrees and less than or equal to 8 degrees.
2. The cutting insert according to claim 1, wherein the rake surfaces of the first and second main cutting edges are each planar.
3. A cutting insert according to claim 1, wherein the first corner cutting edge is provided at a corner of the upper end surface, a step being provided between the rake surface of the first corner cutting edge and the middle of the upper end surface, the step extending from a position near the center of the rake surface of the first corner cutting edge to both sides and tapering.
4. A cutting insert according to claim 3, wherein the first corner cutting edge inclination rate θ1 is less than the first main cutting edge inclination rate θ2.
5. The cutting insert according to claim 1, wherein the side surfaces comprise a first side surface contiguous with the first major cutting edge, a second side surface contiguous with the second major cutting edge, a fourth side surface contiguous with the minor cutting edge, and a third side surface contiguous with the second side surface at one end and extending downwardly from the other end; the first to fourth side surfaces are flat surfaces.
6. The cutting insert according to claim 5, wherein the width of the first side surface and the width of the second side surface both taper as they approach the lower bottom surface.
7. The cutting insert according to claim 5, wherein the first side surface is at an angle to the insert center axis equal to the angle of the second side surface to the insert center axis, and wherein α1 is between about 7 ° and about 20 °.
8. A cutting insert according to claim 7, characterized in that the angle α3 of the third side surface to the centre axis of the insert is between 20 ° and 30 °, and α3 > α1.
9. The cutting insert according to claim 5, wherein the width of the third side surface gradually increases as it approaches the lower bottom surface and expands below the peripheral side surface.
10. A cutting insert according to claim 1, wherein the first main cutting edge forms an angle β1,5 ° - β1-15 ° with a straight line perpendicular to the minor cutting edge and passing through the centre of the insert; the second main cutting edge forms an included angle beta 2 with a straight line perpendicular to the auxiliary cutting edge and passing through the center of the blade, and the included angle beta 2 is more than 15 degrees and less than or equal to 30 degrees.
11. The cutting insert according to claim 1, wherein the upper end surface has two sets of cutting edges, each set of cutting edges comprising a minor cutting edge, a first corner cutting edge, a first major cutting edge, a corner cutting edge, a second major cutting edge, and a second corner cutting edge connected in sequence.
12. A cutting insert according to claim 11, wherein the minor cutting edges of each of the two sets of cutting edges are rotationally symmetrical with respect to the insert central axis, as are the other cutting edges of the two sets of cutting edges.
13. A cutting tool comprising a tool body and the cutting insert of any one of claims 1-12; the cutter body has a central rotation axis about which the cutter body is rotatable, and is provided with an insert seat for receiving a cutting insert, which is mounted in the insert seat.
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CN202311502438.5A CN117226158B (en) | 2023-11-13 | 2023-11-13 | Cutting blade and cutting tool thereof |
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CN202311502438.5A CN117226158B (en) | 2023-11-13 | 2023-11-13 | Cutting blade and cutting tool thereof |
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