CN117221905A - Millimeter wave high-precision mixed channel modeling method, system, equipment and storage medium based on scattering effect - Google Patents
Millimeter wave high-precision mixed channel modeling method, system, equipment and storage medium based on scattering effect Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A millimeter wave high-precision mixed channel modeling method based on scattering effect comprises the following steps: step 1, determining relevant physical parameters of millimeter wave channel modeling: step 2, determining the surface element information and the electromagnetic parameter information: step 3, setting an initial field, an absorption boundary condition and an impedance boundary condition of a three-dimensional vector parabolic equation method: step 4, carrying out propagation modeling under a typical scene: step 5, scattered ray sampling based on rough surface scattering theory: step 6, millimeter wave high-precision channel modeling based on ray tracing and parabolic method mixing: step 7, millimeter wave high-precision mixed channel model performance evaluation: the method disclosed by the invention solves the problem that the accuracy of the millimeter wave band channel model predicted by a single ray tracing method or a parabolic method is low, and improves the accuracy of the millimeter wave deterministic channel model.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of millimeter wave wireless channel modeling, and particularly relates to a millimeter wave high-precision mixed channel modeling method, system, equipment and storage medium based on scattering effect.
Background
Millimeter wave wireless channel modeling is one of the hot topics in the current communication field and is also a problem to be solved currently. Compared with the low-frequency band electric wave (frequency band below 6 GHz), the millimeter wave scattering effect has a remarkable influence on wireless channel modeling. However, the research of considering scattering effect in millimeter wave deterministic modeling in a typical scene is less at present, so that a large difference exists between a channel model and an actual measurement result, the actual channel characteristic cannot be accurately predicted, and great challenges are brought to the design of a mobile communication system. Therefore, establishing a proper millimeter wave high-precision mixed channel model based on scattering effect has important significance for wireless communication system design and performance evaluation.
The currently mainly used deterministic modeling methods are a parabolic method (Parabolic Equation, PE) and a Ray Tracing method (RT), wherein the RT method can clearly describe the propagation track of the electric wave, and a powerful and visual tool is provided for propagation characteristic research. The PE method can be used for describing the spatial field distribution of electromagnetic wave propagation, and is convenient for reasonably planning the system design and network layout according to the field distribution condition. Both of these methods have advantages in the study of wave propagation, and have received great attention. However, the PE method has poor model prediction results in high elevation propagation scenarios. For RT, when the surrounding environment is complex and the tracked rays are frequently reflected, diffracted and scattered, a great deal of time is consumed for judging and calculating the ray propagation mode, and the calculation efficiency is low. The single deterministic channel model has shortcomings in millimeter wave channel modeling, and scattering effects have significant effects in millimeter wave frequency band channel modeling. In view of this, considering the advantages and disadvantages of RT and PE and the application range of different algorithms, it is necessary to build a millimeter wave high-precision channel model based on scattering effect and combining ray tracing method and parabolic method, and to improve the prediction precision of the channel model.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problem of low prediction precision of a millimeter wave frequency band deterministic channel model, the invention provides a novel millimeter wave high-precision deterministic mixed channel modeling method based on the scattering effect by considering the advantages and disadvantages of a ray tracing method and a parabolic method and the scattering effect of the millimeter wave frequency band.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in the millimeter wave high-precision mixed channel modeling method based on scattering effect, the improvement is that the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, determining relevant physical parameters of millimeter wave channel modeling:
the method comprises the steps of frequency, bandwidth, transmitting power, polarization mode and position coordinates of a transmitting antenna and polarization mode and position coordinates of a receiving antenna;
step 2, determining the surface element information and the electromagnetic parameter information:
based on the environment geometric information and the environment morphological information, carrying out three-dimensional geometric modeling on the building and ground environment, obtaining vertex coordinate information, unit normal vector information and electromagnetic parameter information of each surface element, and obtaining a normalized impedance value delta g of each surface element according to the electromagnetic parameter information, wherein the normalized impedance value delta g is as follows:
in the above formula, sigma is conductivity, f is frequency, epsilon r Is the relative dielectric constant, lambda is the wavelength;
step 3, setting an initial field, an absorption boundary condition and an impedance boundary condition of a three-dimensional vector parabolic equation method:
at the position ofIn the radiation to Gaussian current source, the height of the current source is H t The elevation angle of the main beam is alpha 0 The distribution function of the current is:
in the above, sigma z Is standard deviation, k 0 As wavenumber, δ (·) is a Dirac function;
initial field component H corresponding to current distribution function y The distribution of (2) is:
H y (0,z)≈f e (0,z)/2 (z≥0) (3)
the absorption boundary condition is introduced by adding a window function, w (I), set to:
in the above formula, I is the sampling point sequence number in the y or z direction, N is N y Or N z Split into N in y-direction y Segment split into N in z-direction z A segment;
the window function of the three-dimensional parabolic method in the y, z plane is:
W(I,j)＝w(I)×w(j) I＝1:N z ,j＝1:N y (5)
the three-dimensional vector parabolic equation impedance boundary conditions are divided into a horizontal plane boundary and a vertical plane boundary, wherein the horizontal plane boundary conditions are as follows:
in the above, ψ e Represents an arbitrary transverse magnetic field TM, ψ m Represents an arbitrary transverse electric field TE, n is the refractive index of the medium, k 0 Wave number;
the vertical plane boundary conditions are:
in the above, eta 0 Is the wave impedance in vacuum;
step 4, carrying out propagation modeling under a typical scene:
based on the initial field and boundary conditions in the step 3, adopting a step Fourier transform algorithm to develop propagation model calculation under a typical scene, and solving field component information of a three-dimensional vector parabolic equation;
when the current is in the sagittal positionAnd magnetic vector->At the time psi e Represents an arbitrary TM field, set->Representing the TM field to z, the field component information of the three-dimensional vector parabolic equation is:
when the current is in the sagittal positionAnd magnetic vector->At the time psi m Represents an arbitrary TE field, is provided with +.>Representing the TE field for z, the field component information of the three-dimensional vector parabolic equation is:
step 5, scattered ray sampling based on rough surface scattering theory:
judging self-shielding and mutual shielding among the surface elements in the step 2 by using a ray tracing method based on the field component information of the three-dimensional vector parabolic equation method obtained in the step 4;
step 6, millimeter wave high-precision channel modeling based on ray tracing and parabolic method mixing:
based on the step 5, millimeter wave channel propagation calculation is carried out, a millimeter wave high-precision mixed channel model based on ray tracing and parabolic method is constructed, and the path loss L at each receiving point is obtained theo ；
Step 7, millimeter wave high-precision mixed channel model performance evaluation:
the performance of the millimeter wave high-precision mixed channel model is evaluated by introducing the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of the path loss of the millimeter wave high-precision mixed channel model, and the smaller the RMSE value is, the smaller the error between the established millimeter wave high-precision channel model and the measured data is, and the higher the prediction precision of the model is:
in the above, L theo L is the path loss calculated by adopting millimeter wave high-precision mixed channel model mea Path loss obtained for experimental test data processing, N 1 Is the total number of samples.
In a millimeter wave high-precision mixed channel modeling system based on scattering effects, the improvement comprising:
the module A is used for determining relevant physical parameters of millimeter wave channel modeling;
the module B is used for determining the face information and the electromagnetic parameter information;
the module C is used for setting an initial field, an absorption boundary condition and an impedance boundary condition of a three-dimensional vector parabolic equation method;
the module D is used for carrying out propagation modeling under a typical scene;
a module E for sampling scattered rays based on a rough surface scattering theory;
the module F is used for modeling a millimeter wave high-precision channel based on the mixture of ray tracing and a parabolic method;
and the module G is used for evaluating the performance of the millimeter wave high-precision mixed channel model.
In a millimeter wave high precision mixed channel modeling apparatus based on scattering effects, the improvement comprising: a processor; a memory having stored therein executable instructions of the processor; wherein the processor is configured to perform the steps of the above method via execution of the executable instructions.
In a computer readable storage medium storing a program, the improvement wherein said program when executed implements the steps of the method described above.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the method disclosed by the invention solves the problem that the accuracy of the millimeter wave band channel model predicted by a single ray tracing method or a parabolic method is low, and establishes the millimeter wave high-accuracy channel model based on the scattering effect and fused with the ray tracing method and the three-dimensional parabolic equation method, thereby improving the accuracy of the millimeter wave deterministic channel model.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of scattered ray direction;
fig. 3 is a graph of path loss versus different algorithms.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In embodiment 1, the embodiment discloses a millimeter wave high-precision mixed channel modeling method based on scattering effect, which is based on a three-dimensional vector parabolic method and a three-dimensional ray tracing method, converts end field information of the three-dimensional vector parabolic method into initial field information of the three-dimensional ray tracing method, and establishes a millimeter wave high-precision mixed channel model by considering scattering effect of a rough surface. And acquiring key channel parameters by utilizing channel measurement test data of a millimeter wave frequency band typical application scene, and verifying and optimizing a millimeter wave high-precision mixed channel model. As shown in fig. 1, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, determining relevant physical parameters of millimeter wave channel modeling:
the frequency f=39 GHz of the transmitting antenna, the bandwidth is 1GHz, the transmitting power is 0dBm, the polarization mode of the transmitting antenna is vertical polarization, the position coordinate of the transmitting antenna is (2.9, 54.7,9), the unit is meter, the polarization mode of the receiving antenna is vertical polarization, the height of the receiving antenna relative to the ground is 1.5 meters, the abscissa is from 10 to 55 meters, the measurement is carried out every 5 meters, and the ordinate is 62.9 meters.
Step 2, determining the face information and related electromagnetic parameter information:
based on the environment geometric information and the environment morphological information, carrying out three-dimensional geometric modeling on environments such as buildings, floors and the like by utilizing 3D max software, obtaining vertex coordinate information, unit normal vector information, related electromagnetic parameter information and the like of each surface element, and obtaining a normalized impedance value delta g of each surface element according to the related electromagnetic parameter information, wherein the normalized impedance value delta g is as follows:
in the above formula, sigma is conductivity, the unit is S/m, f is frequency, the unit is MHz, epsilon r Is the relative dielectric constant, lambda is the wavelength; the normalized impedance of the wall surface is 3-0.0023i, and the normalized impedance of the ground surface is 15-3.23077i.
Step 3, setting an initial field, an absorption boundary condition and an impedance boundary condition of a three-dimensional vector parabolic equation method:
at the position ofIn the radiation to Gaussian current source, the height of the current source is H t The elevation angle of the main beam is alpha 0 The distribution function of the current is:
in the above, sigma z Is standard deviation, k 0 As wavenumber, δ (·) is a Dirac function;
initial field component H corresponding to current distribution function y The distribution of (2) is:
H y (0,z)≈f e (0,z)/2 (z≥0) (12)
the absorption boundary condition is introduced by adding a window function, w (I), set to:
in the above formula, I is the sampling point sequence number in the y or z direction, N is N y Or N z Split into N in y-direction y Segment split into N in z-direction z A segment;
the window function of the three-dimensional parabolic method in the y, z plane is:
W(I,j)＝w(I)×w(j) I＝1:N z ,j＝1:N y (14)
the three-dimensional vector parabolic equation impedance boundary conditions are divided into a horizontal plane boundary and a vertical plane boundary, wherein the horizontal plane boundary conditions are as follows:
in the above, ψ e Represents an arbitrary transverse magnetic field TM, ψ m Represents an arbitrary transverse electric field TE, n is the refractive index of the medium, k 0 Wave number;
the vertical plane boundary conditions are:
in the above, eta 0 Is the wave impedance in vacuum;
step 4, carrying out propagation modeling under a typical scene:
based on the initial field and boundary conditions in the step 3, adopting a step Fourier transform algorithm to develop propagation model calculation under a typical scene, and solving field component information of a three-dimensional vector parabolic equation;
when the current is in the sagittal positionAnd magnetic vector->At the time psi e Represents an arbitrary TM field, set->Representing the TM field to z, the field component information of the three-dimensional vector parabolic equation is:
when the current is in the sagittal positionAnd magnetic vector->At the time psi m Represents an arbitrary TE field, is provided with +.>Representing the TE field for z, the field component information of the three-dimensional vector parabolic equation is:
step 5, scattered ray sampling based on rough surface scattering theory:
judging self-shielding and mutual shielding among the surface elements in the step 2 by using a ray tracing method based on the field component information of the three-dimensional vector parabolic equation method obtained in the step 4; considering propagation mechanisms between rays and different elements of a geometric scene, such as direct, reflection, diffraction, scattering and the like, particularly considering the influence of the number of scattered rays and the direction of each scattered ray on millimeter wave mixed channel modeling in the process of judging scattering effect. Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the direction of scattered radiation, wherein,the unit normal vector of the bin, z' is the mirror ray direction, and θ is the scatter angle.
Step 6, millimeter wave high-precision channel modeling based on ray tracing and parabolic method mixing:
based on the step 5, millimeter wave channel propagation calculation is carried out, a millimeter wave high-precision mixed channel model based on ray tracing and parabolic method is constructed, and the path loss L at each receiving point is obtained theo As shown in fig. 3;
step 7, millimeter wave high-precision mixed channel model performance evaluation:
the performance of the millimeter wave high-precision mixed channel model is evaluated by introducing the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of the path loss of the millimeter wave high-precision mixed channel model, and the smaller the RMSE value is, the smaller the error between the established millimeter wave high-precision channel model and the measured data is, and the higher the prediction precision of the model is:
in the above, L theo L is the path loss calculated by adopting millimeter wave high-precision mixed channel model mea Path loss obtained for experimental test data processing, N 1 Is the total number of samples.
The path loss of each receiving point is obtained by using the millimeter wave channel measurement test of the urban microcell, and the performance of the method of the embodiment can be evaluated. Fig. 3 is a comparison of the results obtained by the millimeter wave high-precision mixed channel model of the present embodiment with the results obtained by the ray tracing method. Where the abscissa "distance" is the horizontal distance between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna, "meas" is the result obtained by the experiment, "SP" represents the result obtained by the ray tracing method, "sp_n9_a5", "sp_n19_a5" and "sp_n9_a6" are the results obtained by the millimeter wave high precision mixed channel model, "sp_n9_a5" represents the scattered ray number 9, the scattering angle 5 °, sp_n19_a5 "represents the scattered ray number 19, the scattering angle 5 °, and" sp_n9_a6 "represents the scattered ray number 9, the scattering angle 6 °. As can be seen from the figure, "sp_n9_a5" matches best with the experimental data, and as the distance increases, the path loss increases. Table 1 shows RMSE of path loss obtained by using a millimeter wave high-precision mixed channel model and a ray tracing method, respectively. Only when the number of scattered rays is 9 and the scattering angle is 5 degrees, the RMSE is minimum, namely the difference between the millimeter wave high-precision mixed channel model and experimental data is minimum, and the prediction precision of the millimeter wave channel model is improved by the method of the embodiment.
Table 1 RMSE comparison of different methods
The embodiment also discloses a millimeter wave high-precision mixed channel modeling system based on scattering effect, comprising:
the module A is used for determining relevant physical parameters of millimeter wave channel modeling;
the module B is used for determining the face information and the electromagnetic parameter information;
the module C is used for setting an initial field, an absorption boundary condition and an impedance boundary condition of a three-dimensional vector parabolic equation method;
the module D is used for carrying out propagation modeling under a typical scene;
a module E for sampling scattered rays based on a rough surface scattering theory;
the module F is used for modeling a millimeter wave high-precision channel based on the mixture of ray tracing and a parabolic method;
and the module G is used for evaluating the performance of the millimeter wave high-precision mixed channel model.
The embodiment also discloses a millimeter wave high-precision mixed channel modeling device based on scattering effect, comprising: a processor; a memory having stored therein executable instructions of the processor; wherein the processor is configured to perform the steps of the above method via execution of the executable instructions.
The present embodiment also discloses a computer-readable storage medium storing a program which, when executed, implements the steps of the above method.
Claims (4)
1. The millimeter wave high-precision mixed channel modeling method based on the scattering effect is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, determining relevant physical parameters of millimeter wave channel modeling:
the method comprises the steps of frequency, bandwidth, transmitting power, polarization mode and position coordinates of a transmitting antenna and polarization mode and position coordinates of a receiving antenna;
step 2, determining the surface element information and the electromagnetic parameter information:
based on the environment geometric information and the environment morphological information, carrying out three-dimensional geometric modeling on the building and ground environment, obtaining vertex coordinate information, unit normal vector information and electromagnetic parameter information of each surface element, and obtaining a normalized impedance value delta g of each surface element according to the electromagnetic parameter information, wherein the normalized impedance value delta g is as follows:
in the above formula, sigma is conductivity, f is frequency, epsilon r Is the relative dielectric constant, lambda is the wavelength;
step 3, setting an initial field, an absorption boundary condition and an impedance boundary condition of a three-dimensional vector parabolic equation method:
at the position ofIn the radiation to Gaussian current source, the height of the current source is H t The elevation angle of the main beam is alpha 0 The distribution function of the current is:
in the above, sigma z Is standard deviation, k 0 As wavenumber, δ (·) is a Dirac function;
initial field component H corresponding to current distribution function y The distribution of (2) is:
H y (0,z)≈f e (0,z)/2 (z≥0) (3)
the absorption boundary condition is introduced by adding a window function, w (I), set to:
in the above formula, I is the sampling point sequence number in the y or z direction, N is N y Or N z Split into N in y-direction y Segment split into N in z-direction z A segment;
the window function of the three-dimensional parabolic method in the y, z plane is:
W(I,j)＝w(I)×w(j) I＝1:N z ,j＝1:N y (5)
the three-dimensional vector parabolic equation impedance boundary conditions are divided into a horizontal plane boundary and a vertical plane boundary, wherein the horizontal plane boundary conditions are as follows:
in the above, ψ e Represents an arbitrary transverse magnetic field TM, ψ m Represents an arbitrary transverse electric field TE, n is the refractive index of the medium, k 0 Wave number;
the vertical plane boundary conditions are:
in the above, eta 0 Is the wave impedance in vacuum;
step 4, carrying out propagation modeling under a typical scene:
based on the initial field and boundary conditions in the step 3, adopting a step Fourier transform algorithm to develop propagation model calculation under a typical scene, and solving field component information of a three-dimensional vector parabolic equation;
when the current is in the sagittal positionAnd magnetic vector->At the time psi e Represents an arbitrary TM field, set->Representing the TM field to z, the field component information of the three-dimensional vector parabolic equation is:
when the current is in the sagittal positionAnd magnetic vector->At the time psi m Represents an arbitrary TE field, is provided with +.>Representing the TE field for z, the field component information of the three-dimensional vector parabolic equation is:
step 5, scattered ray sampling based on rough surface scattering theory:
judging self-shielding and mutual shielding among the surface elements in the step 2 by using a ray tracing method based on the field component information of the three-dimensional vector parabolic equation method obtained in the step 4;
step 6, millimeter wave high-precision channel modeling based on ray tracing and parabolic method mixing:
based on the step 5, millimeter wave channel propagation calculation is carried out, a millimeter wave high-precision mixed channel model based on ray tracing and parabolic method is constructed, and the path loss L at each receiving point is obtained theo ；
Step 7, millimeter wave high-precision mixed channel model performance evaluation:
the performance of the millimeter wave high-precision mixed channel model is evaluated by introducing the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of the path loss of the millimeter wave high-precision mixed channel model, and the smaller the RMSE value is, the smaller the error between the established millimeter wave high-precision channel model and the measured data is, and the higher the prediction precision of the model is:
in the above, L theo L is the path loss calculated by adopting millimeter wave high-precision mixed channel model mea Path loss obtained for experimental test data processing, N 1 Is the total number of samples.
2. A millimeter wave high-precision mixed channel modeling system based on scattering effect, comprising:
the module A is used for determining relevant physical parameters of millimeter wave channel modeling;
the module B is used for determining the face information and the electromagnetic parameter information;
the module C is used for setting an initial field, an absorption boundary condition and an impedance boundary condition of a three-dimensional vector parabolic equation method;
the module D is used for carrying out propagation modeling under a typical scene;
a module E for sampling scattered rays based on a rough surface scattering theory;
the module F is used for modeling a millimeter wave high-precision channel based on the mixture of ray tracing and a parabolic method;
and the module G is used for evaluating the performance of the millimeter wave high-precision mixed channel model.
3. A millimeter wave high-precision mixed channel modeling device based on scattering effect, comprising: a processor; a memory having stored therein executable instructions of the processor; wherein the processor is configured to perform the steps of the method of claim 1 via execution of the executable instructions.
4. A computer readable storage medium storing a program, characterized in that the program when executed implements the steps of the method of claim 1.
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