CN117210986A - Basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117210986A CN117210986A CN202311046412.4A CN202311046412A CN117210986A CN 117210986 A CN117210986 A CN 117210986A CN 202311046412 A CN202311046412 A CN 202311046412A CN 117210986 A CN117210986 A CN 117210986A
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 90
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- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 82
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- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 20
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- FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-{[2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(phosphanyloxy)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-3-phosphanyloxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound O1C(C(O)=O)C(P)C(O)C(O)C1OC1C(C(O)=O)OC(OP)C(O)C1O FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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Abstract
The invention provides basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn, and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the yarn sequentially comprises an elastic composite core yarn, a basalt fiber coating layer, a carbon fiber coating layer and a flame-retardant fiber coating layer from inside to outside; sequentially spirally winding basalt fibers and carbon fibers on the elastic composite core yarn by adopting a hollow spindle filament cladding device to form the high-elasticity spring-like structure composite core yarn; in the process, basalt fibers are not subjected to self-twisting, so that the problem that the fiber structure is damaged by self-twisting is avoided, and the composite core yarn has high mechanical property and good elasticity; and coating the flame-retardant fibers on the composite core yarn by friction spinning to obtain the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn. The intelligent sensing yarn with good mechanical property, high elasticity and strong flame retardance and heat insulation performance is formed by the cooperative matching of the hollow spindle filament cladding device and the friction spinning, and has dual response of tensile strain and temperature, and has wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of textile, in particular to basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
With the development of technology and the improvement of living standard of people, the requirements on textiles are also higher and higher, and intelligent textiles have become hot spots for research and development in the textile field. At present, various metal sensors are generally combined with fibers, yarns or fabrics to prepare intelligent sensing textiles, and the intelligent sensing textiles can play roles of detection and feedback; however, the addition of the sensor can result in reduced comfort, elasticity and mechanical properties of the textile, which can affect its application.
In the prior art, the conductive material and the fabric are often directly sprayed, coated, impregnated and the like, so that the conductive material is attached to the surface of the fabric fiber to form a conductive layer, and the conductive sensing performance or the stress-strain sensing performance of the fabric is given. For example, the invention patent (application number is CN 202111288753.3) discloses a high-sensitivity strain sensing composite yarn, a preparation method and application thereof, wool tops are immersed in carbon nanotube ink and dried to obtain carbon nanotubes/wool tops, and then the carbon nanotubes/wool tops are coated on the surface of polyurethane fibers by friction spinning to obtain a high-sensitivity strain sensor; although the mode avoids the influence of the addition of the metal material sensor on the service performance of the fabric, the conductive material on the surface of the fabric is easy to fall off and peel off due to the weak adhesion between the conductive material and the wool top surface, so that the sensing strain and the conductive performance under the repeated stretching/releasing cycle are reduced, and the durability and the repeatability cannot meet the application requirements.
The invention patent (application number is CN 202211302582. X) discloses a hollow thermal composite yarn, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein a conductive material is wrapped on the surface of an elastic yarn in a ring twisting mode to obtain the conductive elastic yarn; coating thermal insulation fibers on the surface of the conductive elastic yarn in a friction spinning mode to obtain hollow thermal insulation composite yarn; the conductive elastic yarn is kept in a stretched state in the preparation process; the composite yarn prepared by the method has the characteristics of tensile strain sensing and compressive strain sensing, and the electric signal of the strand changes in the stretching process; and the strands are prepared as weft yarns to be woven, and the electrical signals can also show obvious change after being pressed. However, the electrical signal of the conductive composite yarn or fabric is susceptible to temperature variations, so that the accuracy of the sensor is reduced.
The basalt fiber has the advantages of good flame-retardant heat-insulating performance, wide working range which can reach-269-650 ℃, no melting or dripping at high temperature, high strength and high modulus, and meanwhile, the basalt fiber also has the excellent performances of high temperature resistance, oxidation resistance, radiation resistance, heat insulation and sound insulation, suitability for use in various environments and the like, has high cost performance, and is often used for materials with flame-retardant heat-insulating requirements. However, basalt fibers are brittle, have insufficient flexibility and poor weavability; for example, the invention patent (application number is CN 201110076746.7) discloses a basalt core spun yarn, wherein a mixed yarn is wound outside basalt monofilaments, and the basalt core spun yarn can be made into flame-retardant woven fabric; however, the core spun yarn takes basalt filaments as the core yarn, so that the whole yarn is limited by the basalt filaments, the elasticity is poor, and the comfort of the fabric is not facilitated. Thus, there is currently no precedent for using basalt fibers for smart sensor fabrics.
In view of the above, there is a need to design an improved basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn, and a preparation method and application thereof, so as to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein basalt fibers and carbon fibers are sequentially wound on an elastic composite core yarn by using a hollow spindle filament coating device to form a high-elasticity spring-like structure, and flame-retardant fibers are continuously coated on the surface by adopting friction spinning to form the intelligent sensing yarn with good mechanical properties and flame-retardant and heat-insulating effects, so that more application requirements of the intelligent sensing yarn are met, and the intelligent sensing yarn is high in practicability.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn which sequentially comprises an elastic composite core yarn, a basalt fiber coating layer, a carbon fiber coating layer and a flame-retardant fiber coating layer from inside to outside; the basalt fiber coating layer and the fiber in the carbon fiber coating layer are spirally wound on the elastic composite core yarn, and form a spring-like structure together with the elastic composite core yarn.
As a further improvement of the invention, the linear density of the basalt fiber is 8 tex-50 tex, and the number of the basalt fiber in spiral shape is 2-8; the breaking elongation of the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn is 100% -200%.
As a further improvement of the invention, the elastic composite core yarn is formed by coating a silver-plated filament coating layer on the surface of the elastic core yarn or is formed by filling liquid metal into an elastic silicone tube, the elastic core yarn is spandex elastic filaments or rubber filaments, the fineness of the spandex elastic filaments or rubber filaments is 15-600 deniers, and the diameter of the elastic silicone tube is 0.1-2.0 mm.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the liquid metal includes one of gallium indium alloy and indium tin alloy; the raw materials of the flame-retardant fiber coating layer comprise one or more of flame-retardant nylon, aramid fiber, flame-retardant viscose, polyimide fiber or alginate fiber.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn, which comprises the steps of sequentially spirally wrapping basalt fibers and carbon fibers on the surface of the elastic composite core yarn by using a hollow spindle filament coating device to form elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn with a spring-like structure, and coating flame-retardant fibers on the surface of the elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn by adopting a friction spinning mode to obtain the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn; when the basalt fiber is wrapped with the carbon fiber, the core yarn is in a natural or micro-tension state.
As a further improvement of the invention, the preparation method of the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn comprises the following steps:
s1, inputting elastic core yarns unwound from a yarn tube into a hollow yarn passage of a hollow spindle in a stretching state through a feeding mechanism of a hollow spindle yarn coating device, feeding silver-plated filaments unwound from a silver-plated yarn hollow spindle yarn tube package inserted on the outer surface of the hollow spindle into the hollow yarn passage, intersecting the silver-plated filaments with the elastic core yarns in the hollow yarn passage, winding the silver-plated filaments on the surface of the elastic core yarns under the high-speed rotation action of the hollow spindle driving the silver-plated yarn hollow spindle yarn tube package to form a spring-like structure, outputting the spring-like structure through an output mechanism, and winding the spring-plated filaments by a winding mechanism to obtain an elastic composite core yarn package; when the elastic core yarn is in a stretching state, the elongation of the elastic core yarn is 10% -100%;
or inserting an injector with liquid metal into the pipe orifice of the elastic silicone pipe unreeled from the bobbin, injecting the liquid metal into the elastic silicone pipe through a digital injection pump, and winding to obtain an elastic composite core yarn package;
S2, inputting the elastic composite core yarn unwound from the elastic composite core yarn package from a feeding mechanism of the hollow spindle filament cladding device, sequentially passing through an upper hollow yarn feeding channel of a first hollow spindle and a lower hollow yarn feeding channel of a second hollow spindle, wherein basalt fiber hollow spindle tube packages are respectively arranged on the outer surfaces of the first hollow spindle and the second hollow spindle, the first hollow spindle and the second hollow spindle respectively drive the basalt fiber hollow spindle tube packages to rotate at high speed, and sequentially winding basalt fibers unwound from the two basalt fiber hollow spindle tube packages on the surfaces of the elastic composite core yarn in a forward direction and a reverse direction to form basalt fiber cross-wrapping elastic composite core yarn with a spring-like structure, and outputting and winding the basalt fiber cross-wrapping elastic composite core yarn through an output mechanism to finally form the elastic basalt fiber composite core yarn packages;
s3, inputting the composite core yarn unwound from the elastic basalt fiber composite core yarn package into a hollow yarn channel of a hollow spindle from a feeding mechanism of the hollow spindle filament cladding device again, performing the same process that the silver-plated filaments are wound on the surface of the elastic core yarn in the step S1, winding the carbon fibers unwound from the carbon fiber hollow spindle tube package on the surface of the composite core yarn to form a spring-like structure, outputting the spring-like structure through an output mechanism, and winding the spring-like structure by a winding mechanism to obtain the elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn package;
S4, arranging the elastic carbon fiber and basalt fiber composite core yarn coil obtained in the step S3 in a core material storage bin of a friction spinning machine, and feeding the elastic carbon fiber and basalt fiber composite core yarn unwound from the elastic carbon fiber and basalt fiber composite core yarn coil into a wedge-shaped groove formed by a pair of dust cages rotating in the same direction through a yarn guide hole and a tension yarn guide of a feeding unit of the friction spinning machine; simultaneously, the flame-retardant fiber strips are sequentially drawn by a drawing mechanism of a friction spinning machine and are split by a carding roller to form flame-retardant fiber strips, the flame-retardant fiber strips enter the wedge-shaped groove through a fiber conveying channel and are converged with the elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarns, under the action of the surfaces of two dust cages rotating in the same direction, the two sides of the flame-retardant fiber strips respectively obtain upward and downward friction power to drive the flame-retardant fiber strips to be coated on the surfaces of the elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarns, so that basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarns are formed, and finally, the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarns are output through an output unit and are wound on a winding drum.
As a further improvement of the invention, when the basalt fiber is wrapped with the carbon fiber, the core yarn is in a micro-tensioning state, and the micro-tensioning state is that the elongation of the core yarn is 1% -5%.
As a further improvement of the invention, in the step S1, the rotating speed of the silver-plated filament hollow spindle bobbin package is 3000-4500 r/min; in the step S2, the rotating speed of the first hollow ingot is 2800-3200 r/min, and the rotating speed of the second hollow ingot is 2300-2800 r/min; in the step S3, the rotating speed of the carbon fiber hollow spindle bobbin package is 800-2000 r/min.
As a further improvement of the invention, the feeding mechanism comprises a feeding yarn guide rod and a feeding roller which are sequentially arranged along the yarn input direction, and the feeding speed of the yarn passing through the feeding mechanism is 1.5-30 m/min.
As a further improvement of the invention, the output mechanism comprises an output yarn guide rod and an output roller which are sequentially arranged along the yarn conveying direction; the yarn output speed through the output mechanism is 1.5-30 m/min.
As a further improvement of the invention, in the step S4, the rotating speeds of the two dust cages are 3800-9200 r/min, the output speed of the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn is 6-23 m/min, and the coiling speed is 9-25 m/min; the rotating speed of the carding roller is 3200-7800 r/min.
As a further improvement of the invention, the tension yarn guide is used for clamping the elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn, and the tension of the elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn is adjusted to be 5% -10% by matching with the output speed;
The invention also provides application of the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn, wherein the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn is adopted to prepare an elastic intelligent fireproof rope by a rope braiding machine, and the elastic intelligent fireproof rope is applied to the fields of fire protection and military industry; preparing an elastic intelligent fireproof fabric from basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarns by adopting a weft knitting process, and applying the elastic intelligent fireproof fabric to automotive interiors, aerospace seat covers and fire scene life-saving carpets; the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn is adopted to prepare the elastic intelligent fireproof fabric by a weaving process, and the elastic intelligent fireproof fabric is applied to firefighters, fireproof clothes and fire carpets.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn comprises an elastic core yarn, a silver-plated filament coating layer, a basalt fiber coating layer, a carbon fiber coating layer and a flame-retardant fiber coating layer from inside to outside in sequence, or an elastic silicone tube filled with liquid metal is adopted as the core yarn, the basalt fiber coating layer, the carbon fiber coating layer and the flame-retardant fiber coating layer are externally coated; the silver-plated filament coating layer, the basalt fiber coating layer and the carbon fiber coating layer are spirally wound on the core yarn, and form a spring-like structure with the core yarn; the elongation at break of the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn is 100% -200%. The invention overcomes the technical prejudice that basalt fiber has high rigidity and brittleness and can only be used as core yarn of core yarn when being applied in yarn in the prior art, and obtains the spring-like structure of various fiber-wrapped elastic core yarn by a specific preparation method, and the composite structure yarn has better elasticity, and after the surface of the composite structure yarn is continuously wrapped with flame-retardant fiber, the intelligent sensing yarn with good mechanical property and flame-retardant and heat-insulating effects is formed; when the yarn is applied to intelligent sensing fabrics, the safety is high and the service life is long.
2. According to the invention, a hollow spindle filament cladding device is selected, at least two basalt fibers are spirally and alternately wound on the surface of the elastic composite core yarn, and meanwhile, the input speed of the core yarn, the rotating speed of the hollow spindle and the diameter of the core yarn are controlled to control the pitch of the basalt fibers on the surface of the core yarn, so that the basalt fibers are prevented from being broken; in the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn with the spring-like structure, which is prepared by the hollow spindle filament cladding device, basalt fibers are not subjected to self-twisting, only winding twist is generated, the problem of structural damage caused by the self-twisting of the basalt fibers in the prior art is avoided, and the high-strength and high-elasticity characteristics of the composite core yarn are endowed; and the basalt fiber is introduced, so that on the basis of ensuring the response of the carbon fiber to the temperature, the influence of the temperature on the silver-plated filament or the liquid metal is avoided, the accuracy of the silver-plated filament or the liquid metal on strain sensing is improved, and a way is provided for preparing the yarn with the functions of tensile strain sensing and temperature sensing.
3. According to the invention, the friction spinning is adopted to coat the flame-retardant fiber on the elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn with the spring-like structure, and the composite core yarn does not generate twist in the coating process in the mode, so that the loss of the structure and the strength of the basalt fiber is avoided; and the tension of the composite core yarn is adjusted by matching the rotating speed of the tension yarn guide and the dust cage with the output unit, so that the elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn is coated by flame-retardant fibers in a stretched state, the coating effect of the flame-retardant fibers is improved, the interface friction force of the composite core yarn is reduced, and the skin contact comfort of the finally prepared basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn is improved.
4. When the silver-plated filament yarn is coated on the elastic core yarn, the core yarn is in a micro-stretching state, so that after the elastic core yarn is recovered, the silver-plated filament yarn is tightly coated on the surface of the elastic core yarn (the thread pitch is 0), the obtained intelligent sensing yarn is subjected to tensile force during application, and a distance is generated between the silver-plated filament yarn and the filament yarn, so that tensile strain sensing is realized. And the core yarn is in a natural or micro-tension state in the basalt fiber winding process, so that the basalt fiber coated core yarn is beneficial to forming a stable spring-like structure. In addition, the invention controls the rotating speed and the rotating direction of the hollow spindle, so that two or more basalt fibers are crossed in the winding process of the surface of the core yarn, the cross coating of the core yarn is realized, the flame-retardant and heat-insulating properties of the yarn are more comprehensively improved, the mechanical properties of the yarn are enhanced, and the application prospect of the intelligent sensing yarn is widened.
5. According to the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn, a silver-plated filament coating layer or liquid metal plays a role in tensile strain sensing, and the characteristic that the thread pitch of the silver-plated filament is changed when the yarn is stressed or the characteristic that the yarn is elongated and thinned when an elastic silicone tube is stretched is utilized, so that the liquid metal is changed along with the change of the silver-plated filament coating layer or the liquid metal, and the resistance is changed to respond to the change of the stretching force; the carbon fiber coating layer plays a role in temperature sensing, reduces resistance after being heated, responds to temperature and plays a role in warning; the silver-plated filament coating layer or the basalt fiber coating layer between the liquid metal and the carbon fiber coating layer can play a role in heat insulation and flame retardance, so that the influence of temperature on the change of electric signals of the silver-plated filament or the liquid metal is avoided, and the basalt fiber increases the overall strength of the composite yarn; the flame-retardant fiber on the surface of the elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn can play a certain role in protecting the yarn under the condition of open flame, provide conditions for the temperature response of the carbon fiber, and improve the skin contact comfort of the intelligent sensing yarn.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for preparing the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a hollow spindle filament cladding device in the preparation method of the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a friction spinning machine in the preparation method of the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of an elastic composite core yarn package manufacturing process and apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a diagram of basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn and fabric manufactured by using the same in example 1.
Fig. 7 is a graph of the resistance change at different elongations of the basalt fiber-based smart sensor yarn of example 1.
Fig. 8 is a graph of the resistance change of the basalt fiber based smart sensor yarn of example 1 at different temperatures.
FIG. 9 is a graph of the resistance versus burning and non-burning basalt fiber based smart sensor yarn prepared in example 1.
FIG. 10 is a graph of voltage versus frequency for fabrics made using the basalt fiber based smart sensor yarn of example 1.
Reference numerals
100-a hollow spindle filament cladding device; 110-a feeding mechanism; 111-feeding a yarn guide rod; 112-feeding rollers; 120-hollow ingot; 121-a first hollow ingot; 122-a second hollow ingot; 130-basalt fiber hollow spindle bobbin package; 140-an output mechanism; 141-outputting a yarn guide rod; 142-output rollers; 150-a winding mechanism; 200-friction spinning machine; 210-a feeding unit; 211-yarn guiding holes; 212-tension yarn guide; 220-dust cage; 231-drafting mechanism; 232-carding rollers; 233-carding cover plate; 240-an output unit; 241—yarn feeding roller jaw; 242-yarn guide hook; 243-yarn guide traversing means; 250-winding drum; 260-a core material bin; 300-basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn; 311-elastic core yarn; 312-silver-plated filament coating; 313-elastic silicone tube; 314—liquid metal; 320-basalt fiber coating; 330-carbon fiber cladding; 340-flame retardant fiber coating.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
It should be noted that, in order to avoid obscuring the present invention due to unnecessary details, only structures and/or processing steps closely related to aspects of the present invention are shown in the drawings, and other details not greatly related to the present invention are omitted.
In addition, it should be further noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Referring to fig. 2, a basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn 300 sequentially comprises an elastic composite core yarn, a basalt fiber coating layer 320, a carbon fiber coating layer 330 and a flame-retardant fiber coating layer 340 from inside to outside; the basalt fiber coating layer 320 and the carbon fiber coating layer 330 are spirally wound on the elastic core yarn 340, and form a spring-like structure with the elastic core yarn 340; the elongation at break of the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn 300 is 100% -200%. The invention overcomes the technical prejudice that basalt fiber has high rigidity and brittleness, and can only be used as core yarn of core yarn when being applied in yarn in the prior art, and the spring-like structure of the elastic core yarn wrapped by various fibers is obtained by a specific preparation method; finally, the intelligent sensing yarn with good mechanical property and flame-retardant and heat-insulating effects is obtained, and the yarn has high safety and long service life when being applied to intelligent sensing fabrics.
Specifically, the elastic composite core yarn is formed by coating the surface of an elastic core yarn 311 with a silver-plated filament coating layer 312 or by filling the inside of an elastic silicone tube 313 with liquid metal 314, wherein the elastic core yarn 311 is a spandex elastic filament or a spandex rubber filament, the fineness of the spandex elastic filament or the spandex rubber filament is 15-600 denier, and the diameter of the elastic silicone tube 313 is 0.1-2.0 mm.
Particularly, the silver-plated filament coating layer 312 or the liquid metal 314 in the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn 300 plays a role of tensile strain response, and the characteristic that the thread pitch of the silver-plated filament is changed when the yarn is stressed or the characteristic that the elastic silicone tube 313 is elongated and thinned when stretched is utilized, so that the liquid metal 314 is changed along with the change of the silver-plated filament coating layer, and the resistance is changed to respond to the change of the stretching force; the carbon fiber coating 330 plays a role in temperature sensing, reduces resistance after being heated, responds to temperature and plays a role in warning; the basalt fiber coating layer 320 in the middle of the silver-plated filament coating layer 312 or the liquid metal 314 and the carbon fiber coating layer 330 can play a role in heat insulation and flame retardance, so that the influence of temperature on the electric signal change of the silver-plated filament or the liquid metal 314 is avoided, and the basalt fiber increases the overall strength of the composite yarn; the flame-retardant fiber on the surface of the elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn can play a certain role in protecting the yarn under the condition of open flame, provide conditions for the temperature response of the carbon fiber, and improve the skin contact comfort of the intelligent sensing yarn.
Specifically, the linear density of basalt fibers is 8 tex-50 tex, and the number of basalt fibers spirally wound on the surface of the elastic silver-plated filament composite core yarn or the liquid metal composite core yarn (namely the elastic composite core yarn) is 2-8. The specification of the basalt fiber cannot be too fine or too thick, the basalt fiber which is too fine is easy to be brittle broken in the winding process, and the basalt fiber which is too thick makes the elastic silver-plated filament composite core yarn difficult to support, so that the structure of the basalt fiber spiral-coated elastic core yarn is difficult to form.
More specifically, the raw materials of the flame retardant fiber coating layer 340 include one or more of flame retardant nylon, aramid, flame retardant viscose, polyimide fiber, or alginate fiber. The liquid metal comprises one of gallium indium alloy and indium tin alloy.
In actual production, when spandex elastic filaments or rubber filaments are selected as the elastic core yarn 311, because the diameters of the spandex filaments and the rubber filaments are smaller, the winding of basalt fibers is easy to be burdened, so that the input speed (acceleration) of the elastic silver-plated filament composite core yarn and the rotation speeds (slowing) of the first hollow spindle 121 and the second hollow spindle 122 are required to be adjusted to adjust the pitch of the basalt fibers on the surface of the composite core yarn, the breakage of the basalt fibers is avoided, the number of basalt fibers coated on the surface of the basalt fibers is increased to ensure the coating effect, and the core leakage phenomenon is avoided. When the composite core yarn is selected from the elastic silicone tube 313 filled with liquid metal 314, the input speed of the elastic silicone tube 313 can be reduced, the rotation speed of the hollow spindle 120 can be increased, and basalt fibers can be better coated on the surface of the silver-plated filament composite core yarn.
Referring to fig. 1, the invention further provides a preparation method of the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn 300, wherein the basalt fiber and the carbon fiber are sequentially spirally wrapped on the surface of an elastic composite core yarn by a hollow spindle filament wrapping device 100 to form an elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn with a spring-like structure, and a friction spinning mode is adopted to wrap flame-retardant fibers on the surface of the elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn to obtain the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn 300; when the basalt fiber is wrapped with the carbon fiber, the core yarn is in a natural or micro-tensioning state, and the micro-tensioning state is that the elongation of the core yarn is 1% -5%.
Referring to fig. 1, the preparation method of the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn 300 specifically includes the following steps:
s1, inputting elastic core yarns 311 unreeled from a yarn tube into a hollow yarn channel of a hollow spindle 120 in a stretching state through a feeding mechanism 110 of the hollow spindle yarn coating device 100, feeding silver-plated filaments unreeled from a silver-plated yarn hollow spindle yarn tube package inserted on the outer surface of the hollow spindle 120 into the hollow yarn channel, intersecting the silver-plated filaments with the elastic core yarns 311 in the hollow yarn channel, winding the silver-plated filaments on the surface of the elastic core yarns 311 under the high-speed rotation action of the hollow spindle 120 driving the silver-plated yarn hollow spindle yarn tube package to form a spring-like structure, outputting the spring-like structure through an output mechanism 140, and winding the spring-plated filaments by a winding mechanism 150 to obtain an elastic composite core yarn package; the elastic core yarn 312 has an elongation of 10% to 100% when in a stretched state;
Or as shown in fig. 5, inserting an injector with liquid metal 314 inside into the orifice of the elastic silicone tube 313 unreeled from the yarn tube, injecting the liquid metal 314 into the elastic silicone tube 313 by a digital injection pump, and winding to obtain an elastic composite core yarn package;
s2, inputting the elastic composite core yarn unwound from the elastic composite core yarn package into an upper hollow yarn passage of a first hollow spindle 121 from a feeding mechanism 110 of the hollow spindle filament cladding device 100, introducing basalt fibers unwound from a basalt fiber hollow spindle bobbin package 130 inserted on the outer surface of the first hollow spindle 121 into the upper hollow yarn passage, intersecting with the elastic composite core yarn in the upper hollow yarn passage, and winding the basalt fibers on the surface of the elastic composite core yarn positively under the high-speed rotation action of the basalt fiber hollow spindle bobbin package 130 driven by the first hollow spindle 121 to form basalt fiber unidirectional wrapping elastic composite core yarn; the basalt fiber unidirectional-winding elastic composite core yarn is output from an upper hollow yarn channel, then enters a lower hollow yarn channel of a second hollow spindle 122, the basalt fiber unwound from a basalt fiber hollow spindle bobbin package 130 inserted on the outer surface of the second hollow spindle 122 enters the lower hollow yarn channel, and is intersected with the basalt fiber unidirectional-winding elastic composite core yarn in the lower hollow yarn channel, the basalt fiber is reversely wound on the surface layer of the basalt fiber unidirectional-winding elastic composite core yarn under the high-speed rotation action of the basalt fiber hollow spindle bobbin package 130 driven by the second hollow spindle 122 to form a basalt fiber cross-winding elastic composite core yarn with a spring-like structure, and the basalt fiber cross-winding elastic composite core yarn passes through the lower hollow yarn channel and is output 140 and wound by a winding mechanism 150 through an output mechanism to finally form an elastic basalt fiber composite core yarn package;
S3, inputting the elastic basalt fiber composite core yarn unwound from the elastic basalt fiber composite core yarn package into a hollow yarn passage of a hollow spindle 120 from a feeding mechanism 110 of the hollow spindle filament cladding device 100 again, introducing the carbon fiber unwound from a carbon fiber hollow spindle tube package inserted on the outer surface of the hollow spindle 120 into the hollow yarn passage, intersecting the carbon fiber composite core yarn in the hollow yarn passage, winding the carbon fiber on the surface of the elastic basalt fiber composite core yarn under the high-speed rotation action of the hollow spindle 120 driving the carbon fiber hollow spindle tube package, forming a spring-like structure, outputting through an output mechanism 140, and winding by a winding mechanism 150 to obtain an elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn package;
s4, arranging the elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn obtained in the step S3 in a core material storage bin 260 of the friction spinning machine 200, and feeding the elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn unwound from the elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn package into a wedge-shaped groove formed by a pair of dust cages 220 rotating in the same direction through a yarn guide hole 211 and a tension yarn guide 212 of a feeding unit 210 of the friction spinning machine 200; simultaneously, the flame-retardant fiber strips are sequentially drawn by a drawing mechanism 231 in the friction spinning machine 200 and carded by a carding roller 232 to form flame-retardant fiber strips, the flame-retardant fiber strips enter a wedge-shaped groove through a fiber conveying channel and are converged with elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarns, under the action of the surfaces of two dust cages 220 rotating in the same direction, the two sides of the flame-retardant fiber strips respectively obtain upward and downward friction power to drive the flame-retardant fiber strips to be coated on the surfaces of the elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarns to form basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarns, and finally, the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarns are output through an output unit 240 and are wound on a winding drum 250.
When the silver-plated filament 312 is coated on the elastic core yarn 311, the core yarn is in a micro-stretching state, so that after the elastic core yarn 311 is recovered, the silver-plated filament 312 is tightly coated on the surface (the thread pitch is 0), the obtained intelligent sensing yarn is subjected to tensile force during application, and a space is generated between the silver-plated filament 312 and the filament, so that strain sensing is realized. And the core yarn is in a natural or micro-tension state in the basalt fiber winding process, so that the basalt fiber coated core yarn is beneficial to forming a stable spring-like structure.
Referring to fig. 3, the present invention selects a hollow spindle filament cladding device 100, winds at least two basalt fibers on the surface of an elastic composite core yarn in a spiral cross manner, and simultaneously controls the input speed of the core yarn, the rotation speed of the hollow spindle 120 and the diameter of the core yarn to control the pitch of the basalt fibers on the surface of the core yarn, thereby avoiding the breakage of the basalt fibers; in the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn 300 with the spring-like structure, which is manufactured by the hollow spindle filament cladding device 100, basalt fibers are not subjected to self-twisting, only winding twist is generated, the problem of structural damage caused by the self-twisting of the basalt fibers in the prior art is avoided, and the composite core yarn is endowed with the characteristics of high strength and high elasticity; and the basalt fiber is introduced, so that on the basis of ensuring the response of the carbon fiber to the temperature, the influence of the temperature on the silver-plated filament 312 or the liquid metal 314 is avoided, the accuracy of strain sensing of the silver-plated filament 312 or the liquid metal 314 is improved, and a way is provided for preparing the yarn with the functions of tensile strain sensing and temperature sensing.
Specifically, in the step S1, the rotating speed of the silver-plated filament hollow spindle bobbin package is 3000-4500 r/min; in the step S2, the rotating speed of the first hollow ingot 121 is 2800-3200 r/min, and the rotating speed of the second hollow ingot 122 is 2300-2800 r/min; in the step S3, the rotating speed of the carbon fiber hollow spindle bobbin package is 800-2000 r/min. The unwinding speed of the silver-plated filaments, basalt fibers and carbon fibers, namely the winding speed of each fiber to the core yarn, is controlled by controlling the rotating speed of the hollow spindle tube 130 in each step, so as to realize the optimal winding and coating effect.
According to the invention, the rotating speeds and directions of the first hollow spindle 121 and the second hollow spindle 122 are controlled, so that two or more basalt fibers are crossed in the winding process of the surface of the elastic composite core yarn, the cross coating of the core yarn is realized, the flame retardant and heat insulation performance of the yarn is more comprehensively improved, the mechanical property of the yarn is enhanced, and the yarn has a better application prospect.
In some embodiments, during the coating of silver-plated filaments and carbon fibers, the first hollow ingot 121 and/or the second hollow ingot 122 of the hollow ingot filament coating device 100 may be selected to work according to the number of coated fibers, and in principle, a continuous fiber is wound on the surface of the hollow ingot bobbin package on one hollow ingot 120.
Specifically, in step S1, the feeding mechanism 110 includes a feeding yarn guide 111 and a feeding roller 112 sequentially arranged along the yarn input direction, and the feeding speed of the yarn passing through the feeding mechanism 110 is 1.5-30 m/min; the output mechanism 140 includes an output yarn guide 141 and an output roller 142 which are disposed in this order along the yarn conveying direction, and the yarn output speed of the output mechanism 140 is 1.5 to 30m/min. The silver-plated filament, basalt fiber and carbon fiber are sequentially coated on the elastic core yarn 312 by the hollow spindle filament coating device 100, after one fiber is coated, the fiber is coiled on a bobbin, then the bobbin is input into the feeding mechanism 110 again, the next fiber is coated by the hollow spindle 120 until the elastic composite core yarn is obtained as a core layer, and the composite yarn of the basalt fiber coating layer 320 and the carbon fiber coating layer 330 is sequentially coated from inside to outside. If more than 2 basalt fibers need to be coated, the basalt fibers are repeatedly put into the hollow ingot filament coating device 100 to coat a plurality of basalt fibers. In addition, the rotating speeds of the feeding roller 112 and the output roller 142 are controlled, so that the silver-plated filament composite core yarn is basically in a natural or slightly tensioned state in the basalt winding process, and the stability of a spring-like structure formed after the basalt fiber coats the core yarn is facilitated.
In the step S2, the friction spinning is adopted to coat the flame-retardant fiber on the elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn with the spring-like structure, and the composite core yarn does not generate twist in the coating process in the mode, so that the structure and the strength of the basalt fiber are not damaged. Through the cooperative coordination of the hollow spindle filament cladding device 100 and friction spinning, the yarn with a composite structure is prepared, and has the functions of tension and temperature sensing, has heat insulation performance due to the addition of basalt fibers, has the elasticity performance of the basalt fibers and the basalt composite fibers in the prior art, and has higher elasticity.
Referring to fig. 4, the feeding unit 210 includes a yarn guiding hole 211 and a tension yarn guiding device 212 sequentially arranged along the input direction of the elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn, the tension yarn guiding device 212 is used for the elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn, and the tension of the elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn is adjusted to be 5% -10% by matching with the output speed. The rotating speed of the two dust cages 220 is 3800-9200 r/min, the output speed of the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn 300 is 6-23 m/min, and the coiling speed is 9-25 m/min. In this way, the tension of the composite core yarn is adjusted through the cooperation of the tension yarn guide 212, the rotating speed of the dust cage 220 and the output unit 240, so that the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn 300 is coated with flame-retardant fibers in a micro-stretching state, the coating effect of the flame-retardant fibers is improved, the interface friction force of the composite core yarn is reduced, and the skin contact comfort of the finally prepared basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn 300 is improved.
Specifically, a carding cover plate 233 wrapping the carding roller 232 is further arranged outside the carding roller 232, after the flame-retardant fiber strips are drafted by the roller draft mechanism 231, the flame-retardant fiber strips are fed into the carding roller 232 to be carded into flame-retardant fiber strips, and under the action of air suction, the flame-retardant fiber strips enter wedge-shaped grooves formed by the two dust cages 220; the rotating speed of the carding roller 232 is 3200-7800 r/min. In actual production, the feeding speed of the flame-retardant fiber is changed according to the diameter change of the elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn, and the feeding speed is increased along with the diameter increase of the composite core yarn.
More specifically, the output and winding of the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn 300 are respectively completed by an output unit 240 and a winding drum 250, wherein the output unit 240 comprises a yarn feeding roller jaw 241, a yarn guiding hook 242 and a yarn guiding traversing device 243; the yarn feeding roller jaw 241 is disposed on a side surface of the dust cage 220, the yarn guiding traversing device 243 is disposed below the second winding groove drum 250, and the yarn guiding traversing device 243 is used for supporting the yarn guiding hook 242 to realize lateral movement of the yarn guiding hook 242. The yarn output from the dust cage 220 is directly input into the yarn feeding roller jaw 241, continuously passes through the yarn guiding hook 242, and is wound on the winding drum 250 to finish winding.
In some embodiments, the elastic carbon fiber@ basalt fiber composite core yarn is wound onto the winding mechanism 150, then placed onto the core bin 260 of the friction spinning machine 200, and fed into the friction spinning machine 200 for subsequent coating of the flame retardant fibers.
In some embodiments, basalt fiber hollow spindle bobbin package 130 is obtained by winding basalt fiber into a hollow spindle bobbin by Z-twisting or S-twisting by a spooling device of hollow spindle filament cladding apparatus 100, and then mounting it on hollow spindle 120.
In some embodiments, the bobbin packages produced in steps S1 and S2 are re-suspended from the top creel of the hollow-spindle filament covering device 100 for subsequent filament winding.
According to the invention, the basalt fiber and the carbon fiber are sequentially spirally wound on the core yarn by using the hollow spindle filament coating device 100 to form a high-elasticity spring-like structure, and the flame-retardant fiber is coated on the surface of the composite core yarn by using the friction spinning machine 200, so that the intelligent sensing yarn with good mechanical property and flame-retardant and heat-insulating effects is finally prepared, and the basalt fiber in the intelligent sensing yarn has no self-twisting and has a complete structure, so that the defects of the existing basalt fiber fabric in weaving and application are overcome.
The invention also provides application of the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn, wherein the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn is prepared into an elastic intelligent fireproof rope by adopting a rope braiding machine, and the elastic intelligent fireproof rope is applied to the fields of fire protection and military industry; preparing basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarns into elastic intelligent fireproof fabrics by adopting a weft knitting process, and applying the elastic intelligent fireproof fabrics to automotive interiors, aerospace seat covers and fire scene life-saving carpets; the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn is prepared into elastic intelligent fireproof fabric by adopting a weaving process, and is applied to firefighters, fireproof clothes and fire-extinguishing carpets.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a preparation method of basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn, which is characterized in that an elastic composite core yarn is formed by coating silver-plated filaments 312 on the surface of a spandex elastic filament with the diameter of 600 denier, basalt fibers are 25tex, and flame-retardant nylon is used as a raw material of flame-retardant fibers; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, inputting spandex elastic filaments unwound from a yarn tube into a hollow yarn channel of a hollow spindle 120 through a feeding mechanism 110 of a hollow spindle yarn coating device 100, feeding silver-plated filaments 312 unwound from a silver-plated yarn hollow spindle yarn tube package inserted on the outer surface of the hollow spindle 120 into the hollow yarn channel, intersecting the spandex elastic filaments in the hollow yarn channel, winding the silver-plated filaments on the surface of the spandex elastic filaments under the high-speed rotation action of the hollow spindle 120 driving the silver-plated yarn hollow spindle yarn tube package to form a spring-like structure, outputting the spring-like structure through an output mechanism 140, and winding by a winding mechanism 150 to obtain an elastic composite core yarn package;
The rotation speed of the first hollow spindle 121 in the hollow spindle 120 is 3500r/min, the second hollow spindle 122 does not work, the rotation speed of the feeding roller 112 in the feeding mechanism 110 is 0.8r/min, and the rotation speed of the output roller 142 in the output mechanism 140 is 1.2r/min, so that the elongation of the spandex elastic filament is 50%;
s2, inputting the elastic composite core yarn unwound from the elastic composite core yarn package into an upper hollow yarn passage of a first hollow spindle 121 from a feeding mechanism 110 of the hollow spindle filament cladding device 100, introducing basalt fibers unwound from a basalt fiber hollow spindle bobbin package 130 inserted on the outer surface of the first hollow spindle 121 into the upper hollow yarn passage, intersecting with the elastic composite core yarn in the upper hollow yarn passage, and winding the basalt fibers on the surface of the elastic composite core yarn positively under the high-speed rotation action of the basalt fiber hollow spindle bobbin package 130 driven by the first hollow spindle 121 to form basalt fiber unidirectional wrapping elastic composite core yarn; the basalt fiber unidirectional-winding elastic composite core yarn is output from an upper hollow yarn channel, then enters a lower hollow yarn channel of a second hollow spindle 122, the basalt fiber unwound from a basalt fiber hollow spindle bobbin package 130 inserted on the outer surface of the second hollow spindle 122 enters the lower hollow yarn channel, and is intersected with the basalt fiber unidirectional-winding elastic composite core yarn in the lower hollow yarn channel, the basalt fiber is reversely wound on the surface layer of the basalt fiber unidirectional-winding elastic composite core yarn under the high-speed rotation action of the basalt fiber hollow spindle bobbin package 130 driven by the second hollow spindle 122 to form a basalt fiber cross-winding elastic composite core yarn with a spring-like structure, and the basalt fiber cross-winding elastic composite core yarn passes through the lower hollow yarn channel and is output 140 and wound by a winding mechanism 150 through an output mechanism to finally form an elastic basalt fiber composite core yarn package;
The rotation speed of the first hollow spindle 121 is 3000m/min, the rotation speed of the second hollow spindle 122 is 2500m/min, and two basalt fibers are coated on the surface of the composite core yarn in a crossing manner; the feeding speed of the elastic composite core yarn is 2m/min, and the output speed is 2.5m/min;
s3, inputting the elastic basalt fiber composite core yarn unwound from the elastic basalt fiber composite core yarn package into a hollow yarn passage of a hollow spindle 120 from a feeding mechanism 110 of the hollow spindle filament cladding device 100 again, introducing the carbon fiber unwound from a carbon fiber hollow spindle tube package inserted on the outer surface of the hollow spindle 120 into the hollow yarn passage, intersecting the carbon fiber composite core yarn in the hollow yarn passage, winding the carbon fiber on the surface of the elastic basalt fiber composite core yarn under the high-speed rotation action of the hollow spindle 120 driving the carbon fiber hollow spindle tube package, forming a spring-like structure, outputting through an output mechanism 140, and winding by a winding mechanism 150 to obtain an elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn package;
the rotation speed of the first hollow spindle 121 is 1500r/min, the second hollow spindle 122 does not work, the input speed of the elastic basalt fiber composite core yarn is 2m/min, and the output speed is 2.3m/min;
S4, arranging the elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn obtained in the step S3 in a core material storage bin 260 of the friction spinning machine 200, and feeding the elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn unwound from the elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn package into a wedge-shaped groove formed by a pair of dust cages 220 rotating in the same direction through a yarn guide hole 211 and a tension yarn guide 212 of a feeding unit 210 of the friction spinning machine 200; simultaneously, the flame-retardant fiber strips are sequentially drawn by a drawing mechanism 231 in the friction spinning machine 200 and are split by a carding roller 232 to form flame-retardant fiber strips, the flame-retardant fiber strips enter a wedge-shaped groove through a fiber conveying channel and are converged with elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarns, under the action of the surfaces of two dust cages 220 rotating in the same direction, the two sides of the flame-retardant fiber strips respectively obtain upward and downward friction power to drive the flame-retardant fiber strips to be coated on the surfaces of the elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarns to form basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarns, and finally, the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarns are output through an output unit 240 and are wound on a winding drum 250;
wherein, the speed of a yarn conveying roller jaw 241 in the output unit 240 is 7m/min, the coiling speed is 10m/min, and the elongation of the elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn is 10% by adjusting the clamping force of the tension yarn guide 212 on the composite core yarn; the speed of the carding roller 232 is 3500r/min and the speed of the dust cage 220 is 4000r/min.
Referring to fig. 6, fig. 6 is a diagram of basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn and fabric manufactured by using the same in example 1. From the figure, the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn has the advantages of uniform structure, good coating effect and good spinning performance, and no core leakage or basalt fiber breakage after being prepared into the fabric.
Referring to fig. 7, a graph of the relative resistance change of the basalt fiber-based intelligent sensing yarn of example 1 at different elongations is shown. As can be seen from the figure, the smart sensor yarn has different resistance changes at different stretching ratios, and the larger the elongation, the larger the relative resistance.
Referring to fig. 8, a diagram of the resistance change of the basalt fiber-based intelligent sensing yarn of example 1 at different temperatures is shown. As can be seen from the graph, the resistance value of the smart sensor yarn gradually decreases with increasing temperature, because the carbon fiber coating layer is affected by the temperature and the resistance decreases; the intelligent sensing yarn of the embodiment can respond to the condition of fire in time.
Referring to fig. 9, a graph of the resistance of the yarn prepared in example 1, which is a comparison of burning and non-burning, shows that the resistance of the yarn after burning is increased, which indicates that the intelligent sensing yarn has temperature response performance.
Referring to fig. 10, a graph of voltage versus frequency for a fabric made using the yarn of example 1 is shown. As can be seen from the figure, the smart sensor fabric has energy harvesting and self-powered properties in the working environment.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 provides a method for preparing pure basalt fiber, which is prepared by drawing basalt stone through holes of a platinum rhodium alloy plate in a molten state, and has a linear density of 25tex.
Comparative example 2
The comparison example 2 provides a method for preparing an intelligent sensing yarn, which is different from the embodiment 1 in that the step S2 is not performed, namely, the surface of the silver-plated filament composite core yarn is directly coated with carbon fiber, and then the surface of the silver-plated filament composite core yarn is coated with flame-retardant fiber, and the rest is substantially the same as the embodiment 1, and no description is repeated here.
Comparative example 3
The difference between the preparation method of the basalt fiber-based intelligent sensing yarn provided in the comparative example 3 and the preparation method of the basalt fiber-based intelligent sensing yarn provided in the embodiment 1 is that in the step S1, the basalt fiber and the elastic composite core yarn are twisted by a ring spinning frame, and the rest is substantially the same as that of the embodiment 1, and a detailed description thereof is omitted.
Comparative example 4
Comparative example 4 provides a preparation method of basalt fiber-based intelligent sensing yarn, which is different from embodiment 1 in that in step S2, the feeding speed of the elastic composite core yarn is 30m/min, the output speed is 35m/min, the rotation speed of the first hollow spindle 121 is 2800r/min, the rotation speed of the second hollow spindle 122 is 2300r/min, and the rest is substantially the same as embodiment 1, and is not repeated herein.
The yarns prepared in example 1 and comparative examples 1-4 were tested for strength, elongation at break, flame retardant properties, and sensing properties, wherein the flame retardant properties were characterized by the time from calcination to breaking of the yarn using an open flame calcined yarn, and the sensing properties were measuredTemperature sensing resistance value R of yarn in normal temperature natural state 0 The tension sensing resistor is R 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The temperature sensing resistance value of the yarn at the temperature rise of 200 ℃ and 20% of the stretching rate is R 2 The tension sensing resistor is R 3 The results obtained are shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1 results of Performance test of yarns prepared in example 1 and comparative examples 1-4
As can be seen from table 1, example 1 has good flame retardant and high temperature resistance and sensing properties; the basalt fiber of comparative example 1 itself has no elasticity and has poor stretchability; the silver-plated filaments of the inner layer are easily damaged due to poor high temperature resistance and flame retardance in comparative example 2; comparative example 3 had poor tensile sensing properties; the yarn of comparative example 4 had poor elasticity and heat insulation flame retardant properties.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a preparation method of basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn, which is different from embodiment 1 in that in step S1, an injector with liquid metal is mounted on a digital injection pump, then gallium-indium alloy liquid metal is slowly injected into an elastic silicone tube with the diameter of 0.5mm to obtain a liquid metal composite core yarn, and the rest steps are the same as embodiment 1, and are not repeated here.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn, which is different from embodiment 2 in that the obtained elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn is repeated twice in step S2, namely 4 basalt fibers are coated on the surface of the elastic core yarn, and the rest is approximately the same as embodiment 2, and is not repeated here.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a preparation method of basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn, which is different from embodiment 2 in that the obtained elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn is repeated three times in step S2, namely 6 basalt fibers are coated on the surface of the elastic core yarn, and the rest is approximately the same as embodiment 2, and is not repeated here.
Comparative example 5
Comparative example 5 provides a method for preparing flame retardant basalt core spun yarn, which is different from example 2 in that basalt fiber is 75tex, and the rest is substantially the same as example 2, and is not repeated here.
The yarns prepared in examples 2-4 and comparative example 5 were tested for elongation at break, flame retardant properties, and resistance of the tensile sensor after combustion, wherein the flame retardant properties were characterized by the time from calcination to breaking of the yarn by calcining the yarn with open flame, and the results are shown in table 2 below.
Table 2 results of performance test of yarns prepared in examples 2 to 4 and comparative example 5
| Elongation at break (%) | Yarn flame retardant test/s | Post-combustion resistance R/omega | |
| Example 2 | 225.3 | 5.3 | 42.3 |
| Example 3 | 196.1 | 5.8 | 41.2 |
| Example 4 | 154.3 | 6.5 | 42.6 |
| Comparative example 5 | 163.2 | 3.1 | 73.5 |
As can be seen from Table 2, in examples 2 to 4, the elongation at break gradually decreases with increasing number of basalt windings, but the flame retardant property gradually improves, and the selection of yarn and preparation parameters can be performed according to the application requirements in actual production; yarn strength is changed along with the number change of basalt fibers of the outer layer, and flame retardant property is improved along with the number increase of basalt fibers. However, in comparative example 5, basalt fiber of 75tex specification was used, and the basalt fiber was broken during the coating process, so that it was difficult to obtain elastic composite yarn of basalt fiber coated silicone tube with good coating effect, so that the strength and flame retardant property were poor.
In summary, the invention provides a basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn sequentially comprises an elastic composite core yarn, a basalt fiber coating layer, a carbon fiber coating layer and a flame-retardant fiber coating layer from inside to outside; the basalt fiber coating layer and the fiber of the carbon fiber coating layer are spirally wound on the elastic composite core yarn, and form a high-elasticity spring-like structure with the elastic composite core yarn. According to the invention, the hollow spindle filament cladding device is selected, silver-plated filaments, basalt fibers and carbon fibers are sequentially spirally wound on the surface of the elastic core yarn, so that the composite structure of the multilayer spring is obtained, the basalt fibers are not subjected to self-twisting, the breakage of the basalt fibers is avoided, the problem of structural damage caused by the self-twisting of the basalt fibers in the prior art is solved, and the composite core yarn is endowed with the characteristics of high strength and high elasticity. In addition, friction spinning is selected for coating the flame-retardant fiber, and the composite core yarn does not generate twist in the coating process in the mode, so that the structure and the strength of the basalt fiber are not lost. The invention overcomes the technical prejudice that basalt fiber has high rigidity and brittleness and can only be used as core yarn of core yarn when being applied in yarn, and obtains the spring-like structure of various fiber-wrapped elastic core yarn by the cooperative cooperation of the hollow spindle filament cladding device and friction spinning, thereby forming the intelligent sensing yarn with good mechanical property, high elasticity and strong flame-retardant and heat-insulating properties.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn is characterized by sequentially comprising an elastic composite core yarn, a basalt fiber coating layer, a carbon fiber coating layer and a flame-retardant fiber coating layer from inside to outside; the basalt fiber coating layer and the fiber in the carbon fiber coating layer are spirally wound on the elastic composite core yarn and form a spring-like structure together with the elastic composite core yarn; the linear density of the basalt fibers is 8-50 tex, and the number of the basalt fibers in a spiral shape is 2-8; the breaking elongation of the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn is 100% -200%.
2. The basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn according to claim 1, wherein the elastic composite core yarn is formed by coating a silver-plated filament coating layer on the surface of the elastic core yarn or by filling liquid metal into an elastic silicone tube, the elastic core yarn is spandex elastic filaments or rubber filaments, the fineness of the spandex elastic filaments or rubber filaments is 15-600 deniers, and the diameter of the elastic silicone tube is 0.1-2.0 mm.
3. The basalt fiber-based high elasticity intelligent sensing yarn of claim 2, wherein the liquid metal comprises one of gallium indium alloy and indium tin alloy; the raw materials of the flame-retardant fiber coating layer comprise one or more of flame-retardant nylon, aramid fiber, flame-retardant viscose, polyimide fiber or alginate fiber.
4. A method for preparing the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized in that basalt fibers and carbon fibers are sequentially spirally wrapped on the surface of the elastic composite core yarn by a hollow spindle filament wrapping device to form elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn with a spring-like structure, and flame-retardant fibers are wrapped on the surface of the elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn by a friction spinning mode to obtain the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn; when the basalt fiber is wrapped with the carbon fiber, the core yarn is in a natural or micro-tension state.
5. The method for preparing the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn according to claim 4, comprising the following steps:
s1, inputting elastic core yarns unwound from a yarn tube into a hollow yarn passage of a hollow spindle in a stretching state through a feeding mechanism of a hollow spindle yarn coating device, feeding silver-plated filaments unwound from a silver-plated yarn hollow spindle yarn tube package inserted on the outer surface of the hollow spindle into the hollow yarn passage, intersecting the silver-plated filaments with the elastic core yarns in the hollow yarn passage, winding the silver-plated filaments on the surface of the elastic core yarns under the high-speed rotation action of the hollow spindle driving the silver-plated yarn hollow spindle yarn tube package to form a spring-like structure, outputting the spring-like structure through an output mechanism, and winding the spring-plated filaments by a winding mechanism to obtain an elastic composite core yarn package; when the elastic core yarn is in a stretching state, the elongation of the elastic core yarn is 10% -100%;
Or inserting an injector with liquid metal into the pipe orifice of the elastic silicone pipe unreeled from the bobbin, injecting the liquid metal into the elastic silicone pipe through a digital injection pump, and winding to obtain an elastic composite core yarn package;
s2, inputting the elastic composite core yarn unwound from the elastic composite core yarn package from a feeding mechanism of the hollow spindle filament cladding device, sequentially passing through an upper hollow yarn feeding channel of a first hollow spindle and a lower hollow yarn feeding channel of a second hollow spindle, wherein basalt fiber hollow spindle tube packages are respectively arranged on the outer surfaces of the first hollow spindle and the second hollow spindle, the first hollow spindle and the second hollow spindle respectively drive the basalt fiber hollow spindle tube packages to rotate at high speed, and sequentially winding basalt fibers unwound from the two basalt fiber hollow spindle tube packages on the surfaces of the elastic composite core yarn in a forward direction and a reverse direction to form basalt fiber cross-wrapping elastic composite core yarn with a spring-like structure, and outputting and winding the basalt fiber cross-wrapping elastic composite core yarn through an output mechanism to finally form the elastic basalt fiber composite core yarn packages;
s3, inputting the composite core yarn unwound from the elastic basalt fiber composite core yarn package into a hollow yarn channel of a hollow spindle from a feeding mechanism of the hollow spindle filament cladding device again, performing the same process that the silver-plated filaments are wound on the surface of the elastic core yarn in the step S1, winding the carbon fibers unwound from the carbon fiber hollow spindle tube package on the surface of the composite core yarn to form a spring-like structure, outputting the spring-like structure through an output mechanism, and winding the spring-like structure by a winding mechanism to obtain the elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn package;
S4, arranging the elastic carbon fiber and basalt fiber composite core yarn coil obtained in the step S3 in a core material storage bin of a friction spinning machine, and feeding the elastic carbon fiber and basalt fiber composite core yarn unwound from the elastic carbon fiber and basalt fiber composite core yarn coil into a wedge-shaped groove formed by a pair of dust cages rotating in the same direction through a yarn guide hole and a tension yarn guide of a feeding unit of the friction spinning machine; simultaneously, the flame-retardant fiber strips are sequentially drawn by a drawing mechanism of a friction spinning machine and are split by a carding roller to form flame-retardant fiber strips, the flame-retardant fiber strips enter the wedge-shaped groove through a fiber conveying channel and are converged with the elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarns, under the action of the surfaces of two dust cages rotating in the same direction, the two sides of the flame-retardant fiber strips respectively obtain upward and downward friction power to drive the flame-retardant fiber strips to be coated on the surfaces of the elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarns, so that basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarns are formed, and finally, the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarns are output through an output unit and are wound on a winding drum.
6. The method for preparing basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn according to claim 5, wherein in the step S1, the rotating speed of the silver-plated filament hollow spindle bobbin package is 3000-4500 r/min; in the step S2, the rotating speed of the first hollow ingot is 2800-3200 r/min, and the rotating speed of the second hollow ingot is 2300-2800 r/min; in the step S3, the rotating speed of the carbon fiber hollow spindle bobbin package is 800-2000 r/min.
7. The method for preparing basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn according to claim 5, wherein the feeding mechanism comprises a feeding yarn guide rod and a feeding roller which are sequentially arranged along the yarn input direction, and the feeding speed of the yarn passing through the feeding mechanism is 1.5-30 m/min.
8. The method for preparing basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn according to claim 5, wherein the output mechanism comprises an output yarn guide rod and an output roller which are sequentially arranged along the yarn conveying direction; the yarn output speed through the output mechanism is 1.5-30 m/min.
9. The method for manufacturing a basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn according to claim 5, wherein in the step S4, the rotational speeds of the two dust cages are 3800-9200 r/min, the output speed of the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn is 6-23 m/min, and the winding speed is 9-25 m/min; the rotating speed of the carding roller is 3200-7800 r/min.
10. The use of the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn according to any one of claims 1 to 3 or prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 4 to 9, characterized in that the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn is adopted to prepare an elastic intelligent fireproof rope by a rope braiding machine, and the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn is applied to the fields of fire protection and military industry; preparing an elastic intelligent fireproof fabric from basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarns by adopting a weft knitting process, and applying the elastic intelligent fireproof fabric to automotive interiors, aerospace seat covers and fire scene life-saving carpets; the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn is adopted to prepare the elastic intelligent fireproof fabric by a weaving process, and the elastic intelligent fireproof fabric is applied to firefighters, fireproof clothes and fire carpets.
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