CN117192680A - Special optical fiber with super structure and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Special optical fiber with super structure and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117192680A CN117192680A CN202311194493.2A CN202311194493A CN117192680A CN 117192680 A CN117192680 A CN 117192680A CN 202311194493 A CN202311194493 A CN 202311194493A CN 117192680 A CN117192680 A CN 117192680A
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Landscapes
- Optical Fibers, Optical Fiber Cores, And Optical Fiber Bundles (AREA)
Abstract
The application provides a special optical fiber with a super structure, and a preparation method and application thereof. The special optical fiber with the super structure comprises a fiber core and a cladding layer coated on the periphery of the fiber core; the fiber core is solid monocrystalline fiber; the cladding structure is a refractive index light-guiding photonic crystal superstructure. The application regulates and controls the equivalent refractive index of the cladding by performing the super-structural design on the special optical fiber cladding, expands the selection range of the optical fiber cladding material, realizes the effective regulation and control on the performances of the special optical fiber such as transmission mode, transmission loss and the like, and realizes the transmission of the special optical fiber with few modes and low loss. In addition, the application can effectively regulate and control the equivalent refractive index of the cladding, can match proper cladding structure and materials for fiber cores of different materials, and has wide application.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of special optical fibers, in particular to a special optical fiber with a super structure, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The rapid development of the industry level creates urgent demands for the design and preparation of special optical fibers, and in extreme environments such as high temperature, high pressure, strong radiation, strong electromagnetic interference, inflammability, explosiveness, strong corrosiveness, few sensors can provide accurate and reliable temperature, pressure, healthy running and other information, while single crystal optical fibers, which are used as special optical fibers, have higher melting points and better corrosion resistance, so that the use of single crystal optical fibers to replace quartz optical fibers for sensing in extreme environments has also become a development trend. The single crystal optical fiber is prepared by preparing a crystal material into a fibrous single crystal with the diameter of tens of micrometers to one millimeter, is a combination of a bulk crystal and a conventional optical fiber, and has excellent physical and chemical characteristics, such as: high length-diameter ratio, large specific surface area, high rare earth ion doping concentration, small nonlinear gain coefficient, good light transmission performance, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and the like. The single crystal optical fiber can be applied to laser transmission, so that the problems of low damage threshold, low thermal conductivity, serious nonlinear effect and the like of a quartz optical fiber laser can be effectively solved, and the bottlenecks of complex structure, difficulty in high repetition frequency and the like of a crystal and ceramic disc laser can be broken through. In summary, single crystal optical fibers can be used in many fields such as high power laser transmission and high temperature sensing by utilizing their own unique advantages.
The conventional preparation process of the single crystal optical fiber is a micro-pulling method and a laser heating base method, but the optical fibers prepared by the two methods are single crystal bare fibers and have no cladding structure; while the hot-drawn method is not suitable for crystalline materials, the crystalline materials become glassy when hot drawn, and the final preparation is single crystal-derived optical fibers. Single crystal bare fibers are not strictly single crystal fibers, and are susceptible to severe attenuation from contaminants in the environment. In addition, the refractive index in air is not uniform and the fluctuation is large, resulting in a large difference in refractive index between the bare fiber and air.
The addition of a cladding structure to the single crystal bare fiber enhances the mechanical and thermal properties of the fiber and constitutes an optical waveguide, and most importantly, the transmission mode can be controlled, so that it is necessary to further add a cladding structure to the single crystal bare fiber to form a single crystal optical fiber. The cladding material of the single crystal optical fiber is mainly divided into a crystal material and a glass material, and the crystal material cladding generally adopts a specific physical or chemical coating process and mainly comprises a sputtering spraying method, a femtosecond laser processing method, a local corrosion treatment method, a liquid phase epitaxy method, a hydrothermal growth method, a molten salt growth method and the like. The glass material cladding mainly adopts a sleeve tapering method, and compared with a crystal material, the glass material has the advantages that the refractive index adjustment range is larger, the requirements of various materials can be met, but the glass material has lower heat conductivity and larger difference between the heat expansion coefficient and the crystal material, and certain difficulty can be caused in the later application of the device.
The existing preparation process of the cladding of the single crystal optical fiber has certain defects, is suitable for physical and chemical coating methods of the cladding of the crystal material, has higher requirements on equipment, is relatively complex in preparation process, is difficult to regulate and control the refractive index of the crystal cladding in the preparation process, and has higher limitation on the cladding material. The sleeve tapering method suitable for the glass material cladding has relatively simple preparation process, but the thermal management problem of the cladding exists when the cladding is heated in the preparation process to enable the cladding to be fused and coated outside the fiber core.
The prior art discloses a preparation method of a cladding of a single crystal optical fiber, wherein the single crystal optical fiber is used as a preform rod raw material, and a hole is drilled on the central axis of the preform rod to obtain the cladding; and then, taking the single crystal with the outer diameter equivalent to the central aperture of the cladding as a fiber core, and inserting the fiber core into the central hole of the cladding to obtain the preform. And finally, performing crystal growth by taking the preform as a seed crystal to form the single crystal optical fiber with the cladding structure and the fiber core structure. The method utilizes a crystal growth mode to prepare the optical fiber, is not easy to realize complex structural design of the cladding, and limits the selection of cladding and fiber core materials to a large extent.
The application mainly utilizes an atomic layer deposition technology to deposit two layers of alumina films with different densities (refractive indexes) on the surface of the sapphire single crystal optical fiber respectively at different deposition temperatures, and anneals the films to obtain the cladding with the refractive indexes gradually decreasing along the radial direction of the optical fiber.
The prior art also discloses a microstructure cladding single crystal optical fiber and a preparation method, wherein the microstructure cladding single crystal optical fiber is prepared by adopting the steps of tube bundle stacking, heating stretching and the like, but the microstructure cladding material is remained in silica-based glass, so that the near infrared laser transmission requirement cannot be met, and the inhibition capability of the microstructure cladding single crystal optical fiber to a high-order mode of a light beam is proved by lack of effective data.
The prior art also discloses a selenium-tellurium monocrystal composite optical fiber and a preparation method thereof, wherein the composite optical fiber with the amorphous selenium-tellurium compound fiber core of the glass cladding is prepared by adopting a drawing method, and then the fiber core is subjected to single crystallization treatment, namely the amorphous selenium-tellurium compound fiber core in the composite optical fiber is converted into the monocrystal selenium-tellurium compound through laser heating treatment. In the single crystallization process, the selenium and tellurium compound area in the fiber core is melted, but the melt temperature is below the cladding glass transition temperature, so that the original geometric form can be maintained in the selenium and tellurium single crystallization process under the restriction of cladding glass. However, since high-melting-point crystal materials such as sapphire, yttrium aluminum garnet and lutetium oxide are difficult to match with cladding materials, the method is only applicable to crystal materials with lower melting points.
The prior art also discloses a single crystal optical fiber and a preparation method thereof, wherein a plurality of tubular glass prefabricated bars with matched inner and outer diameters are firstly prepared, then the prefabricated bars are subjected to hot wire drawing to obtain a glass cladding with a two-layer structure, and finally solid single crystal fibers are inserted into the inner cladding of the glass cladding to be heated and tapered to obtain the single crystal optical fiber with the glass cladding. The single crystal optical fiber with the air hole cladding structure prepared by the method has the advantages that the hollow air holes are easy to collapse and difficult to shape and are relatively difficult to prepare in the heating and tapering process.
Based on the problems existing in the current preparation of single crystal optical fibers, there is a need for improvement.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the application provides a special optical fiber with a super structure, a preparation method and application thereof, and the super structure design is carried out on the cladding of the special optical fiber to realize effective regulation and control on the performances of a special optical fiber, such as transmission mode, transmission loss and the like, thereby realizing the transmission of the special optical fiber with few modes and low loss. The refractive index of the cladding is regulated and controlled by optimizing the material composition of the cladding, so that the problems of complex preparation, easy collapse of the cladding structure, difficult shape retention and the like caused by introducing air holes into the cladding are avoided.
The specific technical scheme of the application is as follows:
in a first aspect, the present application provides a special optical fiber having a superstructure, comprising a core and a cladding coating the periphery of the core;
the fiber core is solid monocrystalline fiber;
the cladding structure is a refractive index light-guiding photonic crystal superstructure.
Preferably, the special optical fiber has a plurality of through holes formed along the periphery of the fiber core in the cladding, and the refractive index of the cladding is smaller than that of the solid single crystal fiber.
Preferably, the material of the solid single crystal fiber comprises at least one of a metal oxide single crystal, an oxyacid salt single crystal and a fluoride single crystal or any one of the single crystal materials doped with rare earth elements and any one of the single crystal materials doped with transition metal elements.
Preferably, the cladding material is a crystalline material or a glass material, wherein the crystalline material includes any one of an oxide single crystal, an oxyacid salt single crystal and a fluoride single crystal, or any one of the above single crystal materials doped with rare earth elements, or any one of the above single crystal materials doped with transition metal elements;
the glass material comprises at least one of silicate glass, borate glass, phosphate glass, germanate glass, tellurate glass, plumbate glass and lanthanide glass.
Preferably, the diameter of the special optical fiber with the super structure is 50 mu m-2 mm; the diameter of the fiber core is 10 mu m-1 mm.
Preferably, the special optical fiber with the super structure is made of a crystalline material, and the preparation method of the special optical fiber comprises any one of an atomic layer deposition technology, a magnetron sputtering technology, a dip coating method, a hydrothermal growth method, a molten salt growth method and a liquid phase epitaxy method.
Preferably, the cross section of the through hole of the special optical fiber with the super structure comprises any one of a circle, a rectangle, a square and a star;
the section shape of the special optical fiber comprises any one of a circle, a rectangle, a square and a star.
In a second aspect, the present application also provides a method for preparing the above special optical fiber with super structure, which includes the following steps:
selecting solid single crystal fiber as fiber core;
carrying out hot drawing on the hollow glass material to obtain a cladding;
inserting the solid single crystal fiber into the cladding, and performing thermosetting to obtain a special optical fiber;
or, carrying out hot drawing on the hollow glass material to obtain a capillary glass tube, wherein the capillary glass tube is matched with the through center hole and the fiber core;
heat-sealing one end of the capillary glass tube;
placing the heat-sealed capillary glass tube into a hollow glass tube, and carrying out hot drawing on the hollow glass tube under the condition of negative pressure pumping on the capillary glass tube so as to obtain a cladding formed with a through hole and a fiber core hole;
and inserting the solid single crystal fiber into the fiber core hole, and performing thermosetting to obtain the special optical fiber.
Preferably, in the preparation method of the special optical fiber with the super structure, the capillary glass tube is a capillary glass tube with a right circular cross section and a capillary glass tube with an irregular cross section.
In a third aspect, the application also provides an application of the special optical fiber with the super structure or the special optical fiber with the super structure prepared by the preparation method in an optical fiber laser.
Compared with the prior art, the special optical fiber with the super structure has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the special optical fiber with the super structure, the super structure design is carried out on the special optical fiber cladding to regulate and control the equivalent refractive index of the cladding, so that the selection range of optical fiber cladding materials is enlarged, the effective regulation and control of the performances of the special optical fiber, such as transmission modes, transmission loss and the like, and the special optical fiber few-mode and low-loss transmission are realized. In addition, the application can effectively regulate and control the equivalent refractive index of the cladding, can match proper cladding structure and materials for fiber cores made of different materials, and has wide application;
2. the special optical fiber with the super structure provided by the application has simple drawing process, is not easy to pollute in the drawing process, and avoids the problems of complex preparation, easy collapse of the cladding structure, difficult shape retention and the like caused by introducing extra air holes into the cladding;
3. the special optical fiber with the super structure prepared by the application provides a certain basis for high-power laser output and high-temperature sensing research based on the single crystal optical fiber, and the single crystal optical fiber is expected to break the output limit of the existing optical fiber laser when applied to the laser, so that the output power of the optical fiber laser realizes the span-type increase. In addition, the sensor can be applied to the sensor to work in extreme environments such as high temperature, high pressure, strong radiation, strong electromagnetic interference, inflammability, explosiveness, strong corrosiveness and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It is evident that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application and that other drawings may be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort for a person of ordinary skill in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fiber hot drawing device provided by the application, wherein 11 is a preform clamp, 12 is a pressure control joint, 13 is a preform, 14 is a heating furnace, 15 is a laser calliper, 16 is a traction device, 17 is a cutting device, 18 is a fiber obtained by hot drawing, and 19 is a winding and filament collecting device.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of laser heating thermosetting provided by the application.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional electric field mode distribution diagram of a special optical fiber with glass cladding prepared by a ferrule thermosetting technique in accordance with an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a feature fiber prepared using the ferrule tapering technique as provided in accordance with one embodiment of the present application.
FIG. 5 is a transmission mode diagram of a special optical fiber with glass cladding prepared by the jacket thermosetting technique in accordance with the first embodiment of the present application.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the electric field mode distribution of a cross section of a special optical fiber with a 6-hole structure glass cladding prepared by the sleeve tapering technique in the second embodiment of the application.
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a special optical fiber with a 6-hole glass cladding layer prepared by the ferrule tapering technique according to the second embodiment of the present application.
FIG. 8 is a transmission mode diagram of a special optical fiber with a 6-hole glass cladding layer prepared by the ferrule tapering technique in the second embodiment of the present application.
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the electric field mode distribution of a cross section of a special optical fiber with a 12-hole glass cladding layer prepared by the sleeve tapering technique in the third embodiment of the application.
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a special optical fiber with a 12-hole glass cladding layer prepared by the ferrule tapering technique according to the third embodiment of the present application.
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a special optical fiber with a 12-hole glass cladding layer prepared by the ferrule tapering technique in accordance with the third embodiment of the present application.
FIG. 12 is a graph showing the electric field mode distribution of a cross section of a special optical fiber with a glass cladding having an 18-hole structure prepared by the ferrule tapering technique in accordance with the fourth embodiment of the present application.
FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of a special optical fiber with an 18-hole structure glass cladding prepared by the ferrule tapering technique according to the fourth embodiment of the present application.
FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a special optical fiber with a glass cladding having an 18-hole structure prepared by the ferrule tapering technique in accordance with the fourth embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
For the purposes of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more apparent, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described in the following in conjunction with the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present application without making any inventive effort, are intended to fall within the scope of the present application.
For a better understanding of the present application, and not to limit its scope, all numbers expressing quantities, percentages, and other values used in the present application are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term "about". Accordingly, unless indicated otherwise, the numerical parameters set forth in the specification and attached claims are approximations that may vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained. Each numerical parameter should at least be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques.
The following description of the embodiments is not intended to limit the preferred embodiments. In addition, in the description of the present application, the term "comprising" means "including but not limited to". Various embodiments of the application may exist in a range of forms; it should be understood that the description in a range format is merely for convenience and brevity and should not be construed as a rigid limitation on the scope of the application; it is therefore to be understood that the range description has specifically disclosed all possible sub-ranges and individual values within that range. For example, it should be considered that a description of a range from 1 to 6 has specifically disclosed sub-ranges, such as from 1 to 3, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 5, from 2 to 4, from 2 to 6, from 3 to 6, etc., as well as single numbers within the ranges, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, wherever applicable. In addition, whenever a numerical range is referred to herein, it is meant to include any reference number (fractional or integer) within the indicated range.
The application provides a special optical fiber with a super structure, which comprises a fiber core and a cladding layer coated on the periphery of the fiber core;
the fiber core is solid monocrystalline fiber;
the cladding structure is a refractive index light-guiding photonic crystal superstructure.
In some embodiments, the cladding structure is a refractive index guided photonic crystal superstructure, the specific structure of which is designed to: a plurality of through holes are formed in the cladding along the periphery of the fiber core, the refractive index of the cladding is smaller than that of the solid single crystal fiber, and the light guiding mechanism is similar to the light guiding mechanism of total reflection.
Specifically, the number of the through holes is not limited, and may be 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, … …, … …, or the like, and the through holes are periodically arranged on the outer periphery of the fiber core.
Specifically, if the number of the through holes is 6, the 6 through holes are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the fiber core along the circumferential direction;
if the number of the through holes is 12, 6 through holes are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the fiber core along the circumferential direction, and the other 6 through holes are uniformly distributed along the outer side of the circumference where the inner 6 through holes are located;
if the number of the through holes is 18, 6 through holes are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the fiber core along the circumferential direction, and the other 12 through holes are uniformly distributed along the circumferential outer side where the 6 through holes on the inner side are located.
In some embodiments, the material of the solid single crystal fiber comprises any one of the single crystal materials described above doped with a rare earth element, at least one of a metal oxide single crystal, an oxyacid salt single crystal, and a fluoride single crystal, or any one of the single crystal materials described above doped with a transition metal element.
Specifically, the doped rare earth ions includeNd 3+ 、Yb 3+ 、Tm 3+ 、Ho 3+ 、Er 3+ 、Pr 3+ 、Sm 2+ Etc., the doped transition metal ions include Cr 3+ 、Ti 3+ 、Ni 2+ 、Co 2+ Etc.
In some embodiments, the cladding material of the specialty fiber with the superstructure is a crystalline material or a glass material, wherein the crystalline material includes, but is not limited to, rare earth element doping, transition metal element doping of any one of a metal oxide single crystal, an oxyacid salt single crystal, and a fluoride single crystal, or any of the single crystal materials described above; glass materials include, but are not limited to, silicate glass, borate glass, phosphate glass, germanate glass, tellurate glass, lead-acid glass, lanthanide glass, and the like, as well as hybrid glasses of these glasses, and the like.
In some embodiments, the cladding of a specialty fiber is required to satisfy a coefficient of thermal expansion that is close to that of a solid single crystal fiber.
In some embodiments, the specialty fiber has a diameter of 50 μm to 2mm; the diameter of the fiber core is 10 mu m-1 mm.
In some embodiments, the cladding material is a crystalline material and the method of making the same includes any one of atomic layer deposition techniques, magnetron sputtering techniques, dip coating methods, hydrothermal growth methods, molten salt growth methods, liquid phase epitaxy methods.
In some embodiments, the cross-sectional shape of the through-center hole includes, but is not limited to, any of a circle, rectangle, square, star.
In some embodiments, the cross-sectional shape of the specialty fiber includes, but is not limited to, any of circular, rectangular, square, star-shaped.
Based on the same application, the application also provides a preparation method of the special optical fiber with the super structure, which comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting solid single crystal fibers as fiber cores;
s2, carrying out hot drawing on the hollow glass material to obtain a cladding;
s3, inserting the solid single crystal fiber into the cladding, and performing thermosetting to obtain the special optical fiber.
Specifically, in the above embodiment, the cladding is obtained by hot drawing the hollow glass material, the solid single crystal fiber is inserted into the cladding, and then the cladding and the fiber core are tightly combined by a thermosetting method, so that the cladding structure is ensured not to change at all; the heat setting temperature is slightly higher than the melting temperature of the hollow glass material, the hollow glass material can be melted at the temperature, the solid single crystal fiber can not change in the heat setting process, the hollow glass material is bonded on the solid single crystal fiber after being melted, and the special optical fiber is finally obtained.
In some embodiments, the preparation method of the special optical fiber with the super structure includes the following steps:
s1, selecting solid single crystal fibers as fiber cores;
s2, carrying out hot drawing on the hollow glass material to obtain a capillary glass tube, wherein the capillary glass tube is matched with the through center hole and the fiber core;
s3, heat-sealing one end of the capillary glass tube;
s4, placing the heat-sealed capillary glass tube in a hollow glass tube, and carrying out hot drawing on the hollow glass tube under the condition of negative pressure pumping on the capillary glass tube to obtain a cladding formed with a through hole and a fiber core hole;
and inserting the solid single crystal fiber into the fiber core hole, and performing thermosetting to obtain the special optical fiber.
Specifically, in the above embodiment, the number of the capillary glass tubes is the same as the number of the through holes and the number of the fiber cores, for example, the number of the through holes is 6, and the number of the fiber cores is 1, and then the hollow glass material is respectively subjected to hot drawing to obtain 7 capillary glass tubes; arranging 7 capillary glass tubes in the hollow glass tubes according to the rule of the through holes and the fiber cores to obtain a primary preform, wherein 6 capillary glass tubes are used for forming 6 through holes, and the middle capillary glass tube is used for forming a fiber core hole which is used for inserting a fiber core; carrying out hot drawing on the hollow glass tube under the condition of negative pressure pumping on the capillary glass tube so as to obtain a cladding formed with a through hole and a fiber core hole; specifically, it was found that the clad having the through-core hole and the core hole was obtained by hot drawing under a negative pressure of 0.05 to 0.1kPa, and then the solid single crystal fiber was inserted into the core hole and heat-cured, thereby obtaining a special optical fiber.
In some embodiments, the capillary glass tubes are capillary glass tubes having a right circular cross-section and capillary glass tubes having an irregular cross-section.
Specifically, in the application, a fiber hot drawing device shown in fig. 1 is adopted to carry out hot drawing on a primary preform rod to obtain a cladding layer with a through hole and a fiber core hole; specifically, in fig. 1, 11 is a preform clamp, 12 is a pressure control joint, 13 is a preform, 14 is a heating furnace, 15 is a laser caliper, 16 is a traction device, 17 is a cutting device, 18 is a fiber (i.e., a cladding) obtained by hot drawing, and 19 is a winding and filament collecting device.
Specifically, in the application, solid single crystal fibers are inserted into fiber core holes, and are thermoset to obtain special optical fibers, wherein the thermoset adopts a laser heating method. Fig. 2 is a schematic view of laser heating provided by the present application, in which 21 is a solid single crystal fiber, 22 is a glass cladding layer having a specific structure, and 23 is laser heating treatment.
The application adjusts the equivalent refractive index of the cladding by performing super-structural design on the cladding of the special fiber core, wherein the cladding material can be selected and regulated in a large range, so that the parameters such as the refractive index, the thermal expansion coefficient and the like of the cladding can be finally matched with the parameters of the single crystal fiber core, and the effective regulation and control on the performances such as the special fiber transmission mode, the transmission loss and the like are realized. In addition, the preparation process is simple, the introduction of impurities can be reduced in the preparation process, and more importantly, the problems of complex preparation, easy collapse of a cladding structure, difficult shape retention and the like caused by additionally introducing air holes into the cladding are avoided.
Based on the same inventive concept, the application also provides an application of the special optical fiber with the super structure or the special optical fiber with the super structure prepared by the preparation method in an optical fiber laser.
The specific examples of the present application are further described below with reference to the specific examples of the optical fiber having a super structure and the method of manufacturing the same. This section further illustrates the summary of the application in connection with specific embodiments, but should not be construed as limiting the application. The technical means employed in the examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art, unless specifically stated. Unless specifically stated otherwise, the reagents, methods and apparatus employed in the present application are those conventional in the art.
In the following examples, the refractive index of the sapphire single crystal at 1 μm wavelength was 1.76, the refractive index of the borosilicate at 1 μm wavelength was 1.52, the refractive index of the lutetium oxide single crystal at 2.8 μm wavelength was 1.89, and the refractive index of the lanthanoid glass at 2.8 μm wavelength was 1.88.
Example 1
The embodiment of the application provides a special optical fiber with a conventional core-in-package structure, as shown in fig. 4, which comprises a fiber core 21 and a cladding 22 coated on the periphery of the fiber core 21;
specifically, the preparation method of the special optical fiber comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting sapphire single crystal fiber with the diameter of 50 mu m as a fiber core, and taking borosilicate glass as a cladding material;
s2, carrying out hot drawing on the customized borosilicate glass tube to obtain a borosilicate glass cladding with the outer diameter of 450 microns and the inner diameter of 75 microns, wherein the hot drawing temperature is 760 ℃, the wire drawing speed is 480mm/min, the rod feeding speed is 0.5mm/min, and the thickness of the cladding is controllable;
s3, inserting solid sapphire single crystal fibers into the glass cladding on a digital microscope working platform, and then tightly combining the cladding with the fiber core through a thermosetting method, so as to ensure that the cladding structure does not change at all; wherein the thermosetting temperature is 800 ℃, and the thermosetting time is 5min.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional electric field mode distribution diagram of a single-crystal specialty fiber with glass cladding obtained in example 1 above, with a transmission loss in the fundamental mode of 1.42×10 for a light beam with a wavelength of 1 μm -13 dB/m. As shown in the results of FIG. 5, the special fiber can realize the few-mode transmission of 4 modes, namely LP 01 Mold (base mold), LP 11 Mold, LP 12 Mold, LP 13 Mode, corresponding loss of 1.42×10 respectively -13 、3.67×10 -12 、1.62×10 -11 、1.81×10 -8 dB/m, the higher order modes are effectively suppressed.
Example 2
The embodiment of the application provides a special single crystal optical fiber with a 6-hole periodic symmetrical structure, which is shown in fig. 7, and comprises a fiber core 21 and a cladding 22 coated on the periphery of the fiber core 21, wherein 6 through holes 24 are formed in the cladding 22 along the periphery of the fiber core 21, and the 6 through holes 24 are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the fiber core 21 along the circumferential direction;
the preparation method of the special optical fiber comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting sapphire single crystal fiber with the diameter of 50 mu m as a fiber core, and taking borosilicate glass as a cladding material;
s2, carrying out hot drawing on the customized borosilicate glass tube to obtain a capillary glass tube with the outer diameter of 1.3mm and the inner diameter of 0.66mm, wherein the hot drawing temperature is 760 ℃; the number of the prepared capillary glass tubes is 7;
s3, carrying out single-end heat sealing on the capillary glass tubes one by using propane flame, stacking 7 capillary glass tubes according to the arrangement of the through holes and the fiber cores, and sleeving the capillary glass tubes with borosilicate glass tubes with the outer diameter of 8mm and the inner diameter of 4mm to obtain a primary preform;
s4, hot drawing the primary preform in a negative pressure state of 0.1kPa, and obtaining a glass cladding with a 6-hole structure, wherein the outer diameter of the glass cladding is 800 mu m, the diameter of a fiber core hole is 75 mu m, and the diameter of an outer Zhou Tongxin hole is 75 mu m;
s5, inserting the sapphire single crystal fiber with the diameter of 50 mu m into the fiber core hole of the borosilicate glass cladding, cladding the cladding on the single crystal fiber by a heating tapering method, and simultaneously ensuring that the cladding structure does not change, wherein the heating fixing temperature is 800 ℃, and the heating time is 5min.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional electric field mode distribution diagram of a single-crystal optical fiber having a 6-hole structure glass cladding layer obtained in example 2 above, with a transmission loss in the fundamental mode of 4.52X10 for a light beam having a wavelength of 1. Mu.m -13 dB/m. As shown in the results of FIG. 8, the optical fiber can realize the transmission of 4 modes of few modes, namely LP 01 A mold (base mold),LP 11 Mold, LP 12 Mold, LP 13 Mode, corresponding loss of 4.52×10 respectively -13 、4.57×10 -12 、2.34×10 -12 、9.65×10 -9 dB/m, the higher order modes are effectively suppressed.
Example 3
The embodiment of the application provides a special single crystal optical fiber with a 12-hole periodic symmetrical structure, which comprises a fiber core 21 and a cladding 22 coated on the periphery of the fiber core 21, wherein 12 through holes 24 are formed in the cladding 22 along the periphery of the fiber core 21, 6 through holes 24 are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the fiber core 21 along the circumferential direction, and the other 6 through holes are uniformly distributed along the circumferential outer side where the inner side 6 through holes 24 are positioned;
the preparation method of the special optical fiber comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting sapphire single crystal fiber with the diameter of 50 mu m as a fiber core, and taking borosilicate glass as a cladding material;
s2, carrying out hot drawing on the customized borosilicate glass tube to obtain a capillary glass tube with the outer diameter of 1.55mm and the inner diameter of 0.78mm, wherein the hot drawing temperature is 760 ℃; the number of the prepared capillary glass tubes is 13;
s3, carrying out single-end heat sealing on capillary glass tubes one by using propane flame, stacking 13 capillary glass tubes according to the arrangement of the through holes and the fiber cores, and sleeving the capillary glass tubes with borosilicate glass tubes with the outer diameter of 16mm and the inner diameter of 8mm to obtain a primary preform;
s4, hot drawing the primary preform under the negative pressure state of 0.1kPa, and obtaining a glass cladding with a 12-hole structure, wherein the outer diameter of the glass cladding is 800 mu m, the diameter of a fiber core hole is 75 mu m, and the diameter of an outer Zhou Tongxin hole is 75 mu m;
s5, inserting the single crystal fiber with the diameter of 50 mu m into a fiber core hole of the borosilicate glass cladding, cladding the glass cladding on the single crystal fiber by a heating tapering method, and simultaneously ensuring that the cladding structure does not change, wherein the heating fixing temperature is 800 ℃, and the heating time is 5min.
FIG. 9 is a cross section of a single crystal optical fiber having a 12-hole structure glass cladding layer prepared in example 3 aboveElectric field mode distribution diagram, transmission loss in fundamental mode for a light beam with a wavelength of 1 μm is 2.17X10 -13 dB/m. As shown in the results of FIG. 11, the optical fiber can realize the transmission of 4 modes of few modes, namely LP 01 Mold (base mold), LP 11 Mold, LP 12 Mold, LP 13 Mode, corresponding loss of 2.17×10 respectively -13 、2.65×10 -12 、5.71×10 -12 、5.83×10 -9 dB/m, the higher order modes are effectively suppressed.
Example 4
The embodiment of the application provides a special single crystal optical fiber with an 18-hole periodic symmetrical structure, which comprises a fiber core 21 and a cladding 22 coated on the periphery of the fiber core 21, wherein 18 through holes 24 are formed in the cladding 22 along the periphery of the fiber core 21, 6 through holes 24 are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the fiber core 21 along the circumferential direction, and 12 through holes are uniformly distributed along the circumferential outer side where the 6 through holes on the inner side are located;
the preparation method of the special optical fiber comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting lutetium oxide single crystal fiber with the diameter of 75 mu m as a fiber core and lanthanide glass as a cladding material;
s2, carrying out hot drawing on the customized lanthanide glass tube to obtain a lanthanide glass capillary glass tube with the outer diameter of 1.85mm and the inner diameter of 0.93mm, wherein the hot drawing temperature is 660 ℃; the number of the prepared capillary glass tubes is 19;
s3, carrying out single-end heat sealing on the capillary glass tubes one by using butane flame, stacking 19 lanthanide glass capillary glass tubes according to the arrangement of the through holes and the fiber cores, and then sleeving the stacked lanthanide glass tubes with the outer diameter of 18mm and the inner diameter of 9.7mm with the lanthanide glass tubes to obtain a primary preform, and fixing the primary preform by using high-temperature-resistant inorganic glue;
s4, hot drawing the primary preform under the negative pressure state of 0.1kPa, and obtaining a glass cladding with an 18-hole structure, wherein the outer diameter of the glass cladding is 1200 mu m, the diameter of a central hole is 100 mu m, and the diameter of an outer Zhou Kongxin hole is 100 mu m;
s5, inserting single crystal fibers with the diameter of 75 mu m into fiber core holes of the lanthanide glass cladding, cladding the glass cladding on the single crystal fibers by a heating tapering method, and ensuring that the cladding structure does not change at all, wherein the heating fixing temperature is 800 ℃, and the heating time is 5min.
FIG. 12 is a graph showing the electric field mode distribution of a cross section of a single crystal optical fiber having a glass cladding layer of 18-hole structure prepared by the tube drawing technique, showing a transmission loss of 1.93X 10 in the fundamental mode for a light beam having a wavelength of 2.8. Mu.m -12 dB/m. As shown in the results of FIG. 14, the optical fiber can realize the transmission of 4 modes of few modes, namely LP 01 Mold (base mold), LP 11 Mold, LP 12 Mold, LP 13 Mode, corresponding loss is 1.93×10 respectively -12 、1.71×10 -11 、1.01×10 -11 、1.30×10 -11 dB/m, the higher order modes are effectively suppressed.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the application is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the application.
Claims (10)
1. The special optical fiber with the super structure is characterized by comprising a fiber core and a cladding layer coated on the periphery of the fiber core;
the fiber core is solid monocrystalline fiber;
the cladding structure is a refractive index light-guiding photonic crystal superstructure.
2. The special optical fiber with super structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein a plurality of through holes are formed in the cladding along the periphery of the fiber core, and the refractive index of the cladding is smaller than that of the solid single crystal fiber.
3. The special optical fiber having a super structure according to claim 1, wherein the material of the solid single crystal fiber comprises at least one of a metal oxide single crystal, an oxyacid salt single crystal and a fluoride single crystal or any one of the above single crystal materials doped with a rare earth element and any one of the above single crystal materials doped with a transition metal element.
4. The special optical fiber having a super structure according to claim 1, wherein the cladding material is a crystalline material or a glass material, wherein the crystalline material comprises any one of an oxide single crystal, an oxysalt single crystal, and a fluoride single crystal, or any one of the above single crystal materials doped with a rare earth element, or any one of the above single crystal materials doped with a transition metal element;
the glass material comprises at least one of silicate glass, borate glass, phosphate glass, germanate glass, tellurate glass, plumbate glass and lanthanide glass.
5. The super-structured special optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the special optical fiber is 50 μm to 2mm; the diameter of the fiber core is 10 mu m-1 mm.
6. The special optical fiber with the super structure as claimed in claim 4, wherein the cladding material is a crystal material, and the preparation method comprises any one of atomic layer deposition technology, magnetron sputtering technology, dip coating method, hydrothermal growth method, molten salt growth method and liquid phase epitaxy method.
7. The super-structured specialty fiber according to claim 4, wherein the cross-sectional shape of said through-hole comprises any one of circular, rectangular, square, star-shaped;
the section shape of the special optical fiber comprises any one of a circle, a rectangle, a square and a star.
8. The method for manufacturing a special optical fiber having a super structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:
selecting solid single crystal fiber as fiber core;
carrying out hot drawing on the hollow glass material to obtain a cladding;
inserting the solid single crystal fiber into the cladding, and performing thermosetting to obtain a special optical fiber;
or, carrying out hot drawing on the hollow glass material to obtain a capillary glass tube, wherein the capillary glass tube is matched with the through center hole and the fiber core;
heat-sealing one end of the capillary glass tube;
placing the heat-sealed capillary glass tube into a hollow glass tube, and carrying out hot drawing on the hollow glass tube under the condition of negative pressure pumping on the capillary glass tube to obtain a cladding formed with a through hole and a fiber core hole;
and inserting the solid single crystal fiber into the fiber core hole, and performing thermosetting to obtain the special optical fiber.
9. The method for manufacturing a special optical fiber having a super structure according to claim 8, wherein the capillary glass tube is a capillary glass tube having a right circular cross section and a capillary glass tube having an irregular cross section.
10. The use of a special optical fiber with a superstructure according to any one of claims 1 to 7 or a special optical fiber with a superstructure prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 8 to 9 in an optical fiber laser.
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