CN117190777A - Composite phase-change wall interlayer unit with self-adaptive regulation and active regeneration of tail end cooling capacity and control method - Google Patents

Composite phase-change wall interlayer unit with self-adaptive regulation and active regeneration of tail end cooling capacity and control method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117190777A
CN117190777A CN202311228912.XA CN202311228912A CN117190777A CN 117190777 A CN117190777 A CN 117190777A CN 202311228912 A CN202311228912 A CN 202311228912A CN 117190777 A CN117190777 A CN 117190777A
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phase change
phase
change material
composite
unit
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韩燚
毛佳妮
叶俊伟
沈杰
胡慧敏
白哇么旦增
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China Jiliang University
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China Jiliang University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a wall panel based on a solid phase change material and a capillary radiation tube and a temperature regulating method thereof. The unit structure comprises a graphene composite material packaging shell, a solid phase change material, a capillary radiation pipe network layer, a cold insulation layer and a temperature and heat flow sensor. Compared with the prior art, the graphene composite material is adopted to encapsulate the shell, so that the heat conduction performance between the phase change material and the wall body can be greatly improved; each phase-change interlayer unit adopts the optimal size obtained by experiments by adopting unitized arrangement, so that the overall utilization rate of the composite phase-change unit is improved; the phase change material can be timely regenerated and intervened when reaching the heat storage limit through real-time monitoring of the sensor, and the heat storage capacity of the phase change material is quickly recovered through the intervention of active cold quantity, so that the heat insulation effect of the phase change material is fully exerted, the cold load of the building envelope is reduced, and the electric power running cost is saved; the application is wide, and the device can be coupled with various cold/heat source devices.

Description

Composite phase-change wall interlayer unit with self-adaptive regulation and active regeneration of tail end cooling capacity and control method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of new heating ventilation and air conditioning technologies of buildings and energy storage technologies, in particular to a composite phase-change wall interlayer unit capable of realizing self-adaptive regulation and active regeneration of tail end cold energy and a control method.
Background
Due to global climate change and rapid urbanization, building energy consumption is continuously increased, and the building energy consumption becomes an important component of the total amount of global energy use. In the energy consumption of the building, the space enclosing structure accounts for about 70%, so that the thermal performance of the space enclosing structure is improved, and the load and the energy consumption of the building are reduced.
In recent decades, latent heat energy storage of phase change materials has received a great deal of attention, and because the latent heat quantity of the phase change materials is far greater than that of common energy storage materials, the phase change materials are widely applied to building walls at present. However, in practical application, the phase-change material can reach the heat storage limit, and the phase-change material cannot be well regenerated only by adjusting the outdoor temperature, so that the phase-change material cannot exert all the functions. The problem of neck blocking of the phase-change wall body which is not widely applied in the building field at present is also solved.
In the technical scheme disclosed in the patent with the application number of CN 112682839A and the name of a gradient phase-change capillary network radiation wall body end device for storing and supplying cold/heat, a capillary radiation cold supply end is combined with a phase-change energy storage technology, and the phase-change wall body is cooled and regenerated through the capillary radiation end. The disadvantage is that the temperature and heat flux density distribution in the vertical direction are uneven, and the upper phase change material reaches the heat storage limit first, because the phase change material is affected by natural convection when melted and solidified. The whole phase-change interlayer is laid in the wall body, so that the large-area phase-change material below the interlayer can not be fully utilized, and the material waste is caused. In order to adapt to the weather in spring and summer, although three phase change materials with different phase change temperature points are adopted for filling in sequence, the filling area of each phase change material is only 33%, the heat preservation and heat insulation effects cannot be provided for the whole wall, and the overall effect is poor.
In the technical scheme disclosed in the patent with the application number of CN 202011141617.7 and the name of multistage radiation phase-change wall body adopting an air source heat pump system, a heat pump is utilized for providing cold/hot water, and the phase-change energy storage floor is subjected to cold/heat storage through a capillary radiation tail end. The cold accumulation time is 24:00 a.m. to 8:00 a.m., in hot summer, the phase change material can reach the heat accumulation limit at 7:00 a.m. and needs to be regenerated in time to restore the heat accumulation capacity. The cold accumulation time is inaccurate, the cold accumulation time is not regulated in real time according to the heat accumulation condition of the phase change material, the regeneration efficiency is low, and the cost is high.
In the technical scheme disclosed in the patent with the application number of CN 110821035A and the name of wall panel based on solid phase-change materials and capillary radiation tubes and temperature regulating method thereof, two phase-change materials are alternately arranged in a phase-change interlayer to cope with working conditions in summer and winter, only 50% of the phase-change materials in the wall are utilized in summer or winter, and the heat insulation effect of the enclosure structure is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the combination of the capillary radiation end and the phase-change wall body, the phase-change interlayer adopts unit arrangement, and the phase-change material is precisely regenerated and controlled by monitoring the average temperature and the heat flux density at the two sides of the phase-change interlayer in real time, so that the efficiency of the phase-change material is exerted to the maximum extent, and the phase-change interlayer has the characteristics of energy conservation, economy, strong season adaptability and the like.
The device comprises a graphene composite material packaging shell, a temperature and heat flow sensor and a phase-change interlayer. Wherein:
the graphene composite material packaging shell comprises an upper packaging shell 1 and a lower packaging shell 3; the phase-change interlayer comprises a capillary radiation pipe network layer and a cold insulation layer. The capillary network layer comprises a capillary branch pipe 6, a capillary water inlet main pipe 7, a capillary water outlet main pipe 8, an electromagnetic valve 9 and a fixing clamping strip 10.
The graphene composite material packaging shell is formed by spraying graphene on a substrate material. The process is simple, the production cost is low, the heat transfer area of the substrate material is increased, and the heat conduction capacity of the composite unit wall body is greatly improved. Compared with a common aluminum plate packaging shell, the aluminum plate packaging shell has the advantages of high heat conduction performance, good anti-condensation effect and no corrosion by phase change materials.
The temperature and heat flow sensor comprises 6 thermocouples of 5-1, 5-2, 5-3, 5-4, 5-5 and 5-6, and the thermocouples are uniformly arranged in the vertical direction at two sides of the phase-change layer, have a spacing of 150mm and can monitor the wall temperature and heat flow density at the same time.
Preferably, the solid phase change material is a solid phase change material added with a modified heat conduction filler, wherein the modified heat conduction filler is one or more selected from reduction-graphene oxide, calcium carbonate, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, silicon nitride and metal powder.
Preferably, the capillary radiation tube network uses PE-RT tubes which are nontoxic, corrosion resistant and low in production cost. The outer diameter is 10mm and the inner diameter is 8mm.
Preferably, the size of the composite phase-change capillary unit is 600mm, 1200mm and the thickness is 24mm. The size is the result of experiment and simulation optimization, and the phase change unit with the proportion is adopted, so that the melting rate of the phase change material is fastest under the same volume, and the condition that the utilization rate is low due to the fact that the area to be phase change is covered by a large-area liquefying area is reduced. A single composite unit may provide 1663.2kJ of heat storage, with the appropriate number of installations being selected based on the total heat absorbed by a wall during the day.
Preferably, all physical parameters of the solid phase change material are optimally selected in summer hot and winter cold areas, wherein the physical parameters of the solid phase change material in summer are as follows: the phase transition temperature is 32-34 ℃, the latent heat is 150kJ/kg, and the heat conductivity coefficient is 0.148-0.358.
Preferably, in the cooling working condition in summer, the cooling water at the temperature of 14-18 ℃ is selectively introduced into the capillary radiant tube.
Preferably, the thermocouple is a high precision J-type thermocouple.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the device adopts the unitization to arrange, and every phase transition intermediate layer unit adopts the optimum size that the experiment obtained, improves the whole utilization ratio of combined type phase transition unit, reduces and waits that the phase transition region is covered by the liquefaction of large tracts of land area, causes the drawback that phase transition heat accumulation ability reduces by a wide margin.
The device is packaged by adopting a solid phase change material and consists of a phase change heat storage medium and a supporting material. The packaging effect is good, the heat conduction capacity is strong, and the leakage problem is avoided. In addition, the phase change material is in direct contact with the capillary tube, so that the response to the active cold energy is quick, pre-cooling in advance is not needed, and the regeneration of the phase change material can be regulated and controlled in real time.
The device accessible sensor's real-time supervision in time regenerates the intervention when phase change material reaches the heat accumulation limit, through the intervention of initiative cold volume, lets phase change material resume heat accumulation ability fast, and its thermal-insulated effect of full play reduces building envelope cold load, practices thrift electric power running cost.
The device obtains an accurate empirical formula through a large number of experiments and simulations, utilizes the fitted formula to accurately process the data transmitted by the sensor, selects the optimal active cold intervention time and intervention duration, maximizes the regeneration rate and minimizes the economic cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic wall cross-section of a composite phase change wall sandwich unit with end coldness adaptive adjustment and active regeneration;
FIG. 2 is an exploded schematic view of a composite phase change wall sandwich unit with end coldness adaptive adjustment and active regeneration;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a composite phase change wall interlayer unit with adaptive end cooling capacity adjustment and active regeneration;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a cross section of a composite phase change wall interlayer unit A-A with self-adaptive regulation of terminal cooling capacity and active regeneration;
FIG. 5 is a system control flow diagram of a composite phase change wall sandwich unit with end coldness adaptive regulation and active regeneration;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the workflow of a composite phase change wall interlayer unit with end coldness adaptive adjustment and active regeneration;
wherein: the reinforced concrete cast-in-situ slab 1, the buffer net 2, the composite phase change unit 3, the heat preservation layer 4, the decorative layer 5, the graphene composite material upper packaging shell 6, the phase change interlayer 7, the graphene composite material lower packaging shell 8, the electromagnetic valve 9, the fixing clamping strip 10, the solid phase change material 11, the capillary water inlet main pipe 12, the capillary branch pipe 13, the capillary water outlet main pipe 14, the heat preservation layer 15, the thermocouple sensor 16, the air conditioning unit 17, the water pump 18, the heat exchanger 19, the water separator 20, the water collector 21, the stop valve 22 and the intelligent regulation platform 23.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solution of the present invention better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solution of the present invention in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, the device is respectively provided with a reinforced concrete cast-in-situ slab 1, a buffer net 2, a composite phase change unit 3, a heat preservation layer 4 and a decorative layer 5 from left to right in the wall.
Referring to fig. 2, the packaging structure of the device comprises an upper graphene composite packaging shell 1, a phase-change interlayer 2 and a lower graphene composite packaging shell 3. The graphene packaging shell adopts an integrated molding technology, firstly, phase-change materials are filled into the lower packaging shell 3, then, the radiation tail end of a capillary network is installed, the packaging shell is wrapped by a cold insulation layer, then, the phase-change materials are continuously filled, finally, the packaging shell 1 is connected with the packaging shell 3, and the whole packaging shell is sealed and fixed through a dovetail-shaped clamping groove at the joint of the packaging shells 1 and 2.
Referring to fig. 3, the internal structure of the phase-change interlayer comprises an electromagnetic valve 9, a fixed clamping strip 10, a fixed phase-change material 11, a capillary water inlet main pipe 12, a capillary branch pipe 13 and a capillary water outlet main pipe 14. The cold insulation layer separates the capillary tube and the phase change material. Because the heat conductivity coefficient of the phase change material is lower, if the phase change material is directly contacted with the phase change material, the available cold energy is only 10% -20%, and the cold energy in the capillary tube can be stored firstly and then transferred to the phase change material through the cold insulation layer, so that the active cold energy utilization rate is improved, and the cold energy transfer is more uniform. And the corrosion of capillary condensation to the phase change material can be avoided.
Referring to fig. 4, a side view of the composite phase change wall interlayer unit for self-adaptive adjustment of the terminal cold energy and active regeneration is shown, wherein thermocouple sensors 5-1, 5-2, 5-3, 5-4, 5-5, 5-6, cold insulation layer 4, capillary branch pipes 6, capillary water inlet dry pipes 7, capillary water outlet dry pipes 8, electromagnetic valves 9 and fixing clamping strips 10.
Referring to FIG. 6, a connection scheme between different composite phase change cells is shown. In order to cope with walls of different sizes, different composite units can be connected, and the composite units are flexibly arranged according to the size of the wall surface, so that the units are connected in series and in parallel. The upper unit and the lower unit of the composite wall body unit can be connected in series with the low-temperature water inlet X and the low-temperature water outlet X through pipeline connectors X, and the left unit and the right unit can be connected in parallel through corresponding water inlets and outlets, namely, the left unit low-temperature water inlet X and the right unit low-temperature water inlet X can be connected in parallel through a total low-temperature water supply pipe X.
The workflow of the present invention will be described with reference to fig. 5 and 6.
The operation flow of the device is divided into two parts of optimization and regeneration control, namely, the length-width ratio of the optimized composite phase change unit, the paving area of the composite phase change unit and the physical parameters of the phase change material are obtained through empirical fitting formulas obtained through experiments and simulations under the conditions of different outdoor environment parameters, different building orientations and different wall cold loads according to three optimization targets of reducing the volume of a bottom difficult-to-melt area, improving the melting rate of the phase change material and improving the utilization rate of the phase change material.
And after the most preferred result is obtained, the intelligent regeneration regulation and control of the phase change material is started. Under the cooling working condition in summer, the outdoor temperature is higher, so that the phase change material can easily reach the heat storage limit in the daytime, and the phase change material can not be completely regenerated only by passive cooling at the outdoor temperature at night. The device monitors the temperature and the heat flux density of two side wall surfaces in real time through sensors on two sides of a phase-change interlayer, transmits the data monitored in real time into an intelligent control platform, converts the temperature and the heat flux into liquid phase ratio in real time through a fitting formula, when the liquid phase ratio reaches 75%, opens the electromagnetic valve 9 of the capillary water inlet main pipe 7, at the moment, the air conditioning unit 17 outputs required 14-18 ℃ coolant water after being pressurized by the water pump 18 and cooled by the heat exchanger 19, then supplies water to capillary radiation pipe networks in different composite phase-change units through a water separator, at the moment, phase-change materials in the phase-change interlayer reach a phase-change solidification point, cold accumulation regeneration is started, when the temperature on the left side of the phase-change interlayer is lower than the phase-change point of the phase-change materials, the supply of active cold energy is disconnected, and the electromagnetic valve 9 is closed. Capillary backwater of different composite units flows back to the heat exchanger 19 through the water collector 21 and then returns to the air conditioning unit for recycling.
The fitting formulas according to the regeneration control method are obtained through experiments and simulations. Fitting formula of liquid phase ratio of phase change material and temperature and heat flux density of two side wall surfaces:
Y=-0.0022X 1 +0.117X 2 +0.001X 3 +0.008X 4 -2.522
wherein Y is the phase change material liquid phase ratio, X 1 The average temperature of the left side wall surface of the phase-change interlayer is; x is X 2 The average temperature of the right side wall surface of the phase-change interlayer is; x is X 3 The average heat flux density of the left side wall surface of the phase-change interlayer; x is X 4 The right side wall surface of the phase-change interlayer has average heat flow density.
The active cooling capacity supply period is an experimental result, under the outdoor environment condition of the standard day comprehensive temperature of 8 months in summer in a typical city of Hangzhou in summer and winter, the liquid phase ratio of the phase change material reaches 75% in 16:00 afternoon, the temperature of the phase change interlayer near the outdoor side is lower than the phase change point in 20:00 nighttime, at the moment, the active cooling capacity supply can be closed, the phase change material is passively cooled by the night environment temperature, the phase change material is completely regenerated in 06:00 morning, and the capillary radiation end does not need to be started all night. The operating cost is minimized while meeting the regeneration requirements of the phase change material.
Taking a composite phase change unit as an example, under the outdoor environment condition of standard day integrated temperature of 8 months in summer in a typical city of Hangzhou in summer and winter cold regions, the maximum value of the cold load of the enclosure structure of the common wall body is 20:00 at night, and the cold load of the unit area is 124.3W/m 2 After the capillary active cooling capacity is added for regeneration, the maximum value of the cooling load of the enclosure structure appears in the morning 04:00, and the cooling load per unit area is 48.7W/m 2 The heat flow peak delay time was 8h. Compared with a common wall body, the indoor average temperature is reduced by 7.1 ℃, the indoor temperature fluctuation is reduced by 69%, the utilization rate of the phase change material is 71%, and the phase change material has no heat storage limit period.
The device fully utilizes the latent heat capacity of the phase change material, and the phase change material can be timely regenerated when reaching the heat storage/release limit, and the active cold energy supply period is controlled through an experimental obtained empirical formula, so that the device is more in line with engineering practice. Under the condition of meeting the regeneration effect of the phase-change material, the operation cost is minimized, and the problem that the engineering cannot regenerate when the phase-change material reaches the heat storage/release limit and the latent heat capacity of the phase-change material cannot be fully exerted is solved.
The above examples illustrate only a specific embodiment of the invention, which is described in more detail and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present invention is to be determined by the appended claims.

Claims (9)

1. The utility model provides a terminal cold volume self-adaptation adjusts compound phase transition wall body intermediate layer unit of initiative regeneration which characterized in that: the solar heat collector comprises a graphene composite material packaging shell (1), a solid phase change material (2), a capillary radiation pipe network layer (3), a cold insulation layer (4) and a temperature and heat flow sensor (5). The graphene composite material packaging shell (1) comprises an upper packaging shell (6) and a lower packaging shell (7), and the upper packaging shell and the lower packaging shell are matched and fixed through a dovetail-shaped channel. The graphene packaging shell adopts an integrated molding technology and comprises an upper packaging shell (6) and a lower packaging shell (7). When the composite structure is packaged, part of phase change materials are filled into the lower packaging shell (7), then the capillary radiation pipe network layer (3) is wrapped by the cold insulation layer (4), wherein the capillary pipe network layer is divided into a water inlet main pipe, a water outlet main pipe and a capillary branch pipe, then the rest phase change materials are continuously filled outside the cold insulation layer, and finally the upper packaging shell (6) and the lower packaging shell (7) are fixedly connected.
2. The composite phase change wall interlayer unit for self-adaptive regulation and active regeneration of tail end cooling capacity according to claim 1, wherein the composite phase change wall interlayer unit is characterized in that: the solid phase change material is a solid phase change material added with modified heat conduction filler, wherein the modified heat conduction filler is one or more selected from reduction-graphene oxide, calcium carbonate, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, silicon nitride and metal powder.
3. The composite phase change wall interlayer unit for self-adaptive regulation and active regeneration of tail end cooling capacity according to claim 2, wherein: the capillary radiation tube network uses a PE-RT tube which is nontoxic, corrosion-resistant and low in production cost. The outer diameter is 10mm and the inner diameter is 8mm.
4. The composite phase change wall interlayer unit for self-adaptive regulation and active regeneration of tail end cooling capacity according to claim 1, wherein the composite phase change wall interlayer unit is characterized in that: the graphene composite material packaging shell is integrally packaged, and a dovetail-shaped channel is prefabricated at the joint of the upper shell and the lower shell and is used for connecting and fixing, the depth of the channel is 5-30mm, and the width of the channel is 10-20mm.
5. The composite phase change wall interlayer unit for self-adaptive regulation and active regeneration of tail end cooling capacity according to claim 1, wherein the composite phase change wall interlayer unit is characterized in that: the size of the composite phase-change capillary unit is 600mm or 1200mm, and the thickness is 24mm. The dimension is the dimension of the optimal phase-change wall unit in summer in the summer and winter cold areas.
6. The composite phase change wall interlayer unit for self-adaptive regulation and active regeneration of tail end cooling capacity according to claim 1, wherein the composite phase change wall interlayer unit is characterized in that: the physical parameters of the solid phase change material are optimally selected in summer, winter and cold areas, and are respectively as follows: the phase transition temperature is 32-34 ℃, the latent heat is 150kJ/kg, and the heat conductivity coefficient is 0.148-0.358.
7. The composite phase change wall interlayer unit for self-adaptive regulation and active regeneration of tail end cooling capacity according to claim 4, wherein: and during cooling, the cooling water at 14-18 ℃ flows through the capillary radiation tube.
8. The composite phase change wall interlayer unit for self-adaptive regulation and active regeneration of tail end cooling capacity according to claim 1, wherein the composite phase change wall interlayer unit is characterized in that: temperature and heat flow sensors are uniformly arranged on two sides of the phase-change layer in the vertical direction, and the vertical distance is 150mm.
9. The intelligent regeneration regulation and control method for the phase change material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(a) According to three optimization targets of reducing the volume of a bottom difficult-to-melt area, improving the melting rate of the phase change material and improving the utilization rate of the phase change material, under the conditions of different outdoor environment parameters, different building orientations and different wall cold loads, the optimized composite phase change unit length-width ratio, the composite phase change unit laying area and the physical parameters of the phase change material are obtained through empirical fitting formulas obtained through experiments and simulations.
(b) And after the most preferred result is obtained, the intelligent regeneration regulation and control of the phase change material are started. In the cold accumulation working condition in summer, the temperature and the heat flux density of the two side wall surfaces are monitored in real time through the sensors on the two sides of the phase-change interlayer, the data monitored in real time are transmitted into the intelligent control platform, the temperature and the heat flux are converted into the liquid phase ratio in real time through the experimental fitting formula, when the liquid phase ratio reaches 75%, the electromagnetic valve on the capillary water inlet main pipe is opened, the phase-change material in the phase-change interlayer reaches the phase-change solidifying point at the moment, cold accumulation regeneration is started, when the temperature on the left side of the phase-change interlayer is lower than the phase-change point of the phase-change material, the electromagnetic valve is disconnected, the supply of active cold is ended, and then the phase-change material is continuously regenerated by means of the outdoor temperature at night. And under the condition of meeting the regeneration requirement of the phase change material, the operation economic cost is minimized.
CN202311228912.XA 2023-09-22 2023-09-22 Composite phase-change wall interlayer unit with self-adaptive regulation and active regeneration of tail end cooling capacity and control method Pending CN117190777A (en)

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CN202311228912.XA CN117190777A (en) 2023-09-22 2023-09-22 Composite phase-change wall interlayer unit with self-adaptive regulation and active regeneration of tail end cooling capacity and control method

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202311228912.XA CN117190777A (en) 2023-09-22 2023-09-22 Composite phase-change wall interlayer unit with self-adaptive regulation and active regeneration of tail end cooling capacity and control method

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