CN117189647A - Testing device and method for hydrogen circulating pump for hydrogen fuel cell system - Google Patents

Testing device and method for hydrogen circulating pump for hydrogen fuel cell system Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN117189647A
CN117189647A CN202311341599.0A CN202311341599A CN117189647A CN 117189647 A CN117189647 A CN 117189647A CN 202311341599 A CN202311341599 A CN 202311341599A CN 117189647 A CN117189647 A CN 117189647A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
hydrogen
circulating pump
inlet
outlet
joint
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN202311341599.0A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN117189647B (en
Inventor
王正权
孟灵建
嵇官成
陈宇
曲云豪
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mingyuan Technology Dalian Co ltd
Original Assignee
Mingyuan Technology Dalian Co ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mingyuan Technology Dalian Co ltd filed Critical Mingyuan Technology Dalian Co ltd
Priority to CN202311341599.0A priority Critical patent/CN117189647B/en
Publication of CN117189647A publication Critical patent/CN117189647A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN117189647B publication Critical patent/CN117189647B/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Landscapes

  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a testing device and a method of a hydrogen circulating pump for a hydrogen fuel cell system, wherein the pressure reducer and an exhaust throttle valve are arranged to adjust the inlet and outlet pressure of the hydrogen circulating pump to be tested to a set value, and the rotating speed of the hydrogen circulating pump to be tested is adjusted to reach a target flow value; the gas flow in the buffer tank is regulated through the set proportional valve so as to simulate the gas consumption of the fuel cell stack under different working conditions; checking the test flowmeter on line through the set flow calibrator, and ensuring the accuracy of the test flow; the stability of the front end and the rear end of the hydrogen circulating pump to be tested can be tested through the signals of the controller, the testing flowmeter, the air inlet pressure sensor, the air inlet temperature sensor, the flow calibrator, the air outlet pressure sensor and the air outlet temperature sensor, when floating or temperature exceeding occurs, the hydrogen circulating pump to be tested is cooled through a water pump and the like, the stability of each performance index of the hydrogen circulating pump to be tested under different cooling conditions is tested, and the reliability of the test is effectively improved.

Description

Testing device and method for hydrogen circulating pump for hydrogen fuel cell system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of hydrogen fuel cells, in particular to a device and a method for testing a hydrogen circulating pump for a hydrogen fuel cell system.
Background
A hydrogen fuel cell system is a device that converts chemical energy in hydrogen fuel into electrical energy. The hydrogen fuel cell system is provided with a hydrogen circulation system, and the main function of the hydrogen circulation system is to circulate unreacted hydrogen in the fuel cell stack module to the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack module again through the hydrogen circulation pump, so that the utilization rate of the hydrogen is improved, and the water balance at the anode side in the hydrogen fuel cell system is improved.
The performance of hydrogen circulation pumps of different specifications and models and suppliers needs to be matched and tested when the hydrogen fuel cell system is designed. In general, the matching test is to test the flow of the to-be-tested circulating pump under different pressure conditions, so that the influence of the flow accuracy of the hydrogen circulating pump and the too high working temperature on the test accuracy is difficult to measure, and the reliability of the test result is low.
So far, no report has been made on a hydrogen circulation pump test device for a hydrogen fuel cell system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems in the prior art and provides a testing device and a testing method for a hydrogen circulating pump for a hydrogen fuel cell system.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the testing device of the hydrogen circulating pump for the hydrogen fuel cell system is provided with a hydrogen inlet joint and a hydrogen outlet joint which are used for being connected with the hydrogen circulating pump to be tested, and is provided with a buffer tank, wherein the buffer tank is provided with a first inlet, a first outlet, a second inlet and a second outlet, the front end of the first inlet is connected with a pressure reducer, the rear end of the second outlet is connected with a proportional valve, the first outlet is connected with the hydrogen inlet joint through a stop valve, and a pipeline between the stop valve and the hydrogen inlet joint is provided with a testing flowmeter F1, an air inlet pressure sensor P1 and an air inlet temperature sensor T1; the hydrogen outlet joint is connected with the second inlet through an exhaust throttle valve, and a flow calibrator F2, an outlet pressure sensor P2 and an outlet temperature sensor T2 are arranged on a pipeline between the hydrogen outlet joint and the exhaust throttle valve;
the cooling water inlet joint and the cooling water outlet joint are arranged for being connected with a hydrogen circulating pump to be tested, and the water supplementing tank is arranged, the water supplementing tank is connected with the cooling water inlet joint through a water pump, the cooling water outlet joint is connected with a water inlet of the water pump, a front-end pressure sensor P3 and a front-end temperature sensor T3 are arranged on a pipeline between the water pump and the cooling water inlet joint, a rear-end pressure sensor P4, a rear-end temperature sensor T4 and a liquid flowmeter F3 are arranged on a pipeline between the cooling water outlet joint and the water inlet of the water pump, and a cooler is arranged on a pipeline at the front end of the cooling water inlet joint or at the rear end of the cooling water outlet joint;
the hydrogen circulating pump is provided with a controller, the controller is provided with a control end K of a hydrogen circulating pump to be detected, the test flowmeter F1, the air inlet pressure sensor P1, the air inlet temperature sensor T1, the flow calibrator F2, the air outlet pressure sensor P2, the air outlet temperature sensor T2, the front end pressure sensor P3, the front end temperature sensor T3, the rear end pressure sensor P4, the rear end temperature sensor T4 and the liquid flowmeter F3 are connected with the input end of the controller, and the pressure reducer, the proportional valve, the stop valve, the exhaust throttle valve and the water pump are connected with the output end of the controller.
The testing method of the hydrogen circulating pump testing device comprises the following steps:
step 1, connecting a hydrogen inlet joint with a hydrogen inlet of a hydrogen circulating pump to be tested, connecting a hydrogen outlet joint with a hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen circulating pump to be tested, connecting a cooling water inlet joint with a cooling water inlet of the hydrogen circulating pump to be tested, connecting a cooling water outlet joint with a cooling water inlet of the hydrogen circulating pump to be tested, and simultaneously electrically connecting a control end K of the hydrogen circulating pump to be tested of a controller with the hydrogen circulating pump to be tested;
step 2, opening a stop valve, adjusting the air inlet pressure and the corresponding flow through a pressure reducer, and checking initial values of a test flowmeter F1, an air inlet pressure sensor P1 and an air inlet temperature sensor T1 by a controller;
step 3, the controller adjusts the pressure reducer, the proportional valve and the exhaust throttle valve to enable the inlet and outlet air pressure of the hydrogen circulating pump to be measured to a set value, adjusts the rotating speed of the hydrogen circulating pump to be measured to reach a target flow value, and checks the test flowmeter F1 on line through the flow calibrator F2; the controller collects signals of a test flowmeter F1, an air inlet pressure sensor P1, an air inlet temperature sensor T1, a flow calibrator F2, an air outlet pressure sensor P2 and an air outlet temperature sensor T2, and tests the flow, pressure and temperature stability of the front end and the rear end of the hydrogen circulating pump to be tested; if floating or temperature exceeding occurs, the controller starts the water pump to cool the hydrogen circulating pump to be tested, the controller collects signals of the front end pressure sensor P3, the front end temperature sensor T3, the rear end pressure sensor P4, the rear end temperature sensor T4 and the liquid flowmeter F3, adjusts the rotation speed of the water pump or the cooling efficiency of the cooler, and tests the flow, pressure and temperature stability of the front end and the rear end of the hydrogen circulating pump to be tested under different cooling conditions.
According to the invention, through the pressure reducer and the exhaust throttle valve, the inlet and outlet air pressure of the hydrogen circulating pump to be measured can be adjusted to a set value, and the rotating speed of the hydrogen circulating pump to be measured is adjusted to reach a target flow value; the gas flow in the buffer tank can be regulated through the set proportional valve so as to simulate the gas consumption of the fuel cell stack under different working conditions; the flow calibrator can carry out online check on the test flowmeter, so as to ensure the accuracy of the test flow; through the signals of the controller, the testing flowmeter, the air inlet pressure sensor, the air inlet temperature sensor, the flow calibrator, the air outlet pressure sensor and the air outlet temperature sensor, the stability of the flow, the pressure and the temperature of the front end and the rear end of the hydrogen circulating pump to be tested can be tested, when floating or temperature exceeding occurs, the hydrogen circulating pump to be tested can be cooled through a water pump and the like, the stability of each performance index of the hydrogen circulating pump to be tested under different cooling conditions is tested, and the reliability of the test is effectively improved. The invention can meet the test of various hydrogen circulating pumps and has good universality.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic block circuit diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the use state of the test hydrogen circulation pump according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The test device of the hydrogen circulating pump for the hydrogen fuel cell system is shown in fig. 1, and all the connections are pipeline connections. The hydrogen inlet joint 1 and the hydrogen outlet joint 2 are used for being connected with a hydrogen circulating pump to be tested, the buffer tank 3 is arranged, a humidifying tank with a humidifying function can also be used for the buffer tank 3, and the buffer tank 3 is provided with a first inlet 3-1, a first outlet 3-2, a second inlet 3-3 and a second outlet 3-4. The front end of the first inlet 3-1 is connected with a pressure reducer 4, and the pressure reducer 4 can adopt a proportional valve or a flowmeter with a pressure or flow control function to control the air inlet pressure; the rear end of the second outlet 3-4 is connected with a proportional valve 5, the proportional valve 5 is used for adjusting the air quantity in the buffer tank 3, the first outlet 3-2 is connected with the hydrogen inlet joint 1 through a stop valve 6, the stop valve 6 is opened during testing, and the valve is closed after the testing is completed, so that pressure impact caused by continuous air inlet can be prevented. A test flowmeter F1, an intake pressure sensor P1 and an intake temperature sensor T1 are arranged on a pipeline between the stop valve 6 and the hydrogen inlet joint 1; the hydrogen outlet joint 2 is connected with the second inlet 3-3 through the exhaust throttle valve 7, and a flow calibrator F2, an outlet pressure sensor P2 and an outlet temperature sensor T2 are arranged on a pipeline between the hydrogen outlet joint 2 and the exhaust throttle valve 7. The exhaust throttle valve 7 is used for adjusting the air outlet pressure, and can also be replaced by a back pressure valve with a back pressure function, and the test flowmeter F1 and the flow calibrator F2 can be a mass flowmeter, a vortex street flowmeter and other flowmeters with higher detection precision.
Meanwhile, a cooling water inlet joint 9 and a cooling water outlet joint 10 for connecting a hydrogen circulating pump to be tested are arranged, a water supplementing tank 11 is arranged, the water supplementing tank 11 is connected with the cooling water inlet joint 9 through a water pump 12, the cooling water outlet joint 10 is connected with an inlet of the water pump 12, a front end pressure sensor P3 and a front end temperature sensor T3 are arranged on a pipeline between the water pump 12 and the cooling water inlet joint 9, a rear end pressure sensor P4, a rear end temperature sensor T4 and a liquid flowmeter F3 are arranged on a pipeline between the cooling water outlet joint 10 and a water inlet of the water pump 12, a cooler 13 is arranged on a pipeline at the front end of the cooling water inlet joint 9 or the rear end of the cooling water outlet joint 10, and the cooler 13 can adopt a fan or a heat exchanger capable of cooling water.
As shown in fig. 2, a controller 8 is provided, the controller 8 is provided with a control end K of a hydrogen circulation pump to be tested, the test flowmeter F1, the air inlet pressure sensor P1, the air inlet temperature sensor T1, the flow calibrator F2, the air outlet pressure sensor P2, the air outlet temperature sensor T2, the front end pressure sensor P3, the front end temperature sensor T3, the rear end pressure sensor P4, the rear end temperature sensor T4 and the liquid flowmeter F3 are connected with an input end of the controller 8, and the pressure reducer 4, the proportional valve 5, the stop valve 6, the exhaust throttle valve 7 and the water pump 12 are connected with an output end of the controller 8. When the cooler 13 adopts a fan capable of cooling the cooling water, the cooling water is connected with the output end of the controller 8.
The test method is shown in fig. 3:
step 1, connecting a hydrogen inlet connector 1 with a hydrogen inlet of a hydrogen circulating pump to be tested, connecting a hydrogen outlet connector 2 with a hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen circulating pump to be tested, connecting a cooling water inlet connector 9 with a cooling water inlet of the hydrogen circulating pump to be tested, connecting a cooling water outlet connector 10 with a cooling water inlet of the hydrogen circulating pump to be tested, and simultaneously electrically connecting a control end K of the hydrogen circulating pump to be tested, which is provided with a controller 8, with the hydrogen circulating pump to be tested;
step 2, opening a stop valve 6, regulating the air inlet pressure and the corresponding flow through a pressure reducer 4, and checking initial values of a test flowmeter F1, an air inlet pressure sensor P1 and an air inlet temperature sensor T1 by a controller 8;
step 3, the controller 8 adjusts the pressure reducer 4, the proportional valve 5 and the exhaust throttle valve 7 to enable the inlet and outlet air pressure of the hydrogen circulating pump to be measured to a set value, adjusts the rotating speed of the hydrogen circulating pump to be measured to reach a target flow value, and checks the test flowmeter F1 on line through the flow calibrator F2; the controller 8 collects signals of the test flowmeter F1, the air inlet pressure sensor P1, the air inlet temperature sensor T1, the flow calibrator F2, the air outlet pressure sensor P2 and the air outlet temperature sensor T2, and tests the flow, pressure and temperature stability of the front end and the rear end of the hydrogen circulating pump to be tested; if floating or the temperature is too high and exceeds the limit, the controller 8 starts the water pump 12 to cool the hydrogen circulating pump to be tested, the controller 8 collects signals of the front-end pressure sensor P3, the front-end temperature sensor T3, the rear-end pressure sensor P4, the rear-end temperature sensor T4 and the liquid flowmeter F3, adjusts the rotating speed of the water pump 12 or the cooling efficiency of the cooler 13, and tests the flow, pressure and temperature stability of the front end and the rear end of the hydrogen circulating pump to be tested under different cooling conditions.

Claims (2)

1. The utility model provides a testing arrangement of hydrogen circulating pump for hydrogen fuel cell system, has hydrogen entry joint (1) and hydrogen outlet joint (2) that are used for being connected with the hydrogen circulating pump that awaits measuring, its characterized in that: the device is provided with a buffer tank (3), wherein a first inlet (3-1), a first outlet (3-2), a second inlet (3-3) and a second outlet (3-4) are arranged on the buffer tank (3), the front end of the first inlet (3-1) is connected with a pressure reducer (4), the rear end of the second outlet (3-4) is connected with a proportional valve (5), the first outlet (3-2) is connected with a hydrogen inlet joint (1) through a stop valve (6), and a test flowmeter F1, an air inlet pressure sensor P1 and an air inlet temperature sensor T1 are arranged on a pipeline between the stop valve (6) and the hydrogen inlet joint (1); the hydrogen outlet joint (2) is connected with the second inlet (3-3) through the exhaust throttle valve (7), and a flow calibrator F2, an air outlet pressure sensor P2 and an air outlet temperature sensor T2 are arranged on a pipeline between the hydrogen outlet joint (2) and the exhaust throttle valve (7);
the cooling water inlet joint (9) and the cooling water outlet joint (10) are arranged for being connected with a hydrogen circulating pump to be detected, the water supplementing tank (11) is connected with the cooling water inlet joint (9) through a water pump (12), the cooling water outlet joint (10) is connected with a water inlet of the water pump (12), a front end pressure sensor P3 and a front end temperature sensor T3 are arranged on a pipeline between the water pump (12) and the cooling water inlet joint (9), a rear end pressure sensor P4, a rear end temperature sensor T4 and a liquid flowmeter F3 are arranged on a pipeline between the cooling water outlet joint (10) and a water inlet of the water pump (12), and a cooler (13) is arranged on a pipeline at the front end of the cooling water inlet joint (9) or the rear end of the cooling water outlet joint (10);
the device is provided with a controller (8), the controller (8) is provided with a control end K of a hydrogen circulating pump to be detected, and the test flowmeter F1, the air inlet pressure sensor P1, the air inlet temperature sensor T1, the flow calibrator F2, the air outlet pressure sensor P2, the air outlet temperature sensor T2, the front end pressure sensor P3, the front end temperature sensor T3, the rear end pressure sensor P4, the rear end temperature sensor T4 and the liquid flowmeter F3 are connected with the input end of the controller (8), and the pressure reducer (4), the proportional valve (5), the stop valve (6), the exhaust throttle valve (7) and the water pump (12) are connected with the output end of the controller (8).
2. A test method of the hydrogen circulation pump test device according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the steps of:
step 1, connecting a hydrogen inlet joint (1) with a hydrogen inlet of a hydrogen circulating pump to be detected, connecting a hydrogen outlet joint (2) with a hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen circulating pump to be detected, connecting a cooling water inlet joint (9) with a cooling water inlet of the hydrogen circulating pump to be detected, connecting a cooling water outlet joint (10) with a cooling water inlet of the hydrogen circulating pump to be detected, and simultaneously electrically connecting a control end K of the hydrogen circulating pump to be detected of a controller (8) with the hydrogen circulating pump to be detected;
step 2, opening a stop valve (6) and adjusting the air inlet pressure and the corresponding flow through a pressure reducer (4), and checking initial values of a test flowmeter F1, an air inlet pressure sensor P1 and an air inlet temperature sensor T1 by a controller (8);
step 3, the controller (8) adjusts the pressure reducer (4), the proportional valve (5) and the exhaust throttle valve (7) to enable the inlet and outlet air pressure of the hydrogen circulating pump to be measured to a set value, adjusts the rotating speed of the hydrogen circulating pump to be measured to reach a target flow value, and checks the test flowmeter F1 on line through the flow calibrator F2; the controller (8) collects signals of the test flowmeter F1, the air inlet pressure sensor P1, the air inlet temperature sensor T1, the flow calibrator F2, the air outlet pressure sensor P2 and the air outlet temperature sensor T2, and tests the flow, pressure and temperature stability of the front end and the rear end of the hydrogen circulating pump to be tested; if floating or temperature exceeds the limit, the controller (8) starts the water pump (12) to cool the hydrogen circulating pump to be tested, the controller (8) collects signals of the front-end pressure sensor P3, the front-end temperature sensor T3, the rear-end pressure sensor P4, the rear-end temperature sensor T4 and the liquid flowmeter F3, adjusts the rotating speed of the water pump (12) or the cooling efficiency of the cooler (13), and tests the flow, the pressure and the temperature stability of the front end and the rear end of the hydrogen circulating pump to be tested under different cooling conditions.
CN202311341599.0A 2023-10-17 2023-10-17 Testing device and method for hydrogen circulating pump for hydrogen fuel cell system Active CN117189647B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202311341599.0A CN117189647B (en) 2023-10-17 2023-10-17 Testing device and method for hydrogen circulating pump for hydrogen fuel cell system

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202311341599.0A CN117189647B (en) 2023-10-17 2023-10-17 Testing device and method for hydrogen circulating pump for hydrogen fuel cell system

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN117189647A true CN117189647A (en) 2023-12-08
CN117189647B CN117189647B (en) 2024-04-26

Family

ID=88983490

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202311341599.0A Active CN117189647B (en) 2023-10-17 2023-10-17 Testing device and method for hydrogen circulating pump for hydrogen fuel cell system

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN117189647B (en)

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110620248A (en) * 2019-09-25 2019-12-27 上海电气集团股份有限公司 Fuel cell hydrogen test system and test method
CN112290060A (en) * 2020-10-20 2021-01-29 浙江大学 Thermal management test system for vehicle hydrogen fuel cell
CN112761937A (en) * 2021-01-15 2021-05-07 中汽研汽车检验中心(天津)有限公司 Hydrogen pump matching test device and test method for hydrogen fuel cell engine
CN112786926A (en) * 2021-01-28 2021-05-11 上海电气集团股份有限公司 Hydrogen cycle testing system for fuel cell
CN214170790U (en) * 2020-11-30 2021-09-10 深圳市氢蓝时代动力科技有限公司 Testing device of hydrogen circulating pump
WO2023138038A1 (en) * 2022-01-24 2023-07-27 北京国家新能源汽车技术创新中心有限公司 Verification apparatus for parts of vehicle-mounted hydrogen system

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110620248A (en) * 2019-09-25 2019-12-27 上海电气集团股份有限公司 Fuel cell hydrogen test system and test method
CN112290060A (en) * 2020-10-20 2021-01-29 浙江大学 Thermal management test system for vehicle hydrogen fuel cell
CN214170790U (en) * 2020-11-30 2021-09-10 深圳市氢蓝时代动力科技有限公司 Testing device of hydrogen circulating pump
CN112761937A (en) * 2021-01-15 2021-05-07 中汽研汽车检验中心(天津)有限公司 Hydrogen pump matching test device and test method for hydrogen fuel cell engine
CN112786926A (en) * 2021-01-28 2021-05-11 上海电气集团股份有限公司 Hydrogen cycle testing system for fuel cell
WO2023138038A1 (en) * 2022-01-24 2023-07-27 北京国家新能源汽车技术创新中心有限公司 Verification apparatus for parts of vehicle-mounted hydrogen system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN117189647B (en) 2024-04-26

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN106017968A (en) EGR cooler heat exchange efficiency detection system
CN103308293A (en) High temperature valve detecting and testing system
CN112751061B (en) Fuel cell air circuit testing system and method
CN113250947B (en) Fuel cell air compressor durability test system and method
CN113339309A (en) Fuel cell air compressor testing system and method
CN110261127A (en) The stuck online test method of engine variable section turbocharger carbon distribution
CN115342863A (en) Performance test system and test method for fuel cell separation ejector
CN112242544A (en) Simulation rack for fuel cell engine system component control joint debugging
CN113340585B (en) General test bench of fuel cell hydrogen subsystem valve body
CN110332826A (en) Based on SAPMAC method marine gas turbine seawater heat exchanger between fixed temperature blending system
CN117189647B (en) Testing device and method for hydrogen circulating pump for hydrogen fuel cell system
CN214378516U (en) Hydrogen circulation testing device of fuel cell
CN112952159B (en) Method and system for testing fuel cell air compressor
CN203259337U (en) High-temperature valve detection test system
CN212513659U (en) Temperature impact test device for high-pressure water heater
CN116046364A (en) Fuel cell air subsystem test system
CN210396844U (en) Engine oil temperature adjusting device
CN205826326U (en) A kind of cooler for recycled exhaust gas heat exchange efficiency detecting system
CN113851674A (en) Thermal management system for testing fuel cell system
CN211116547U (en) Fuel cell system air compressor machine testing arrangement
CN210108691U (en) Test platform of hydrogen fuel cell gas supply equipment
CN210741871U (en) Cooler simulation test platform
CN106017910A (en) EGR valve flow testing system
CN113153728B (en) Method for testing air seal leakage of fuel cell air compressor
CN217304345U (en) Automatic test system of fuel cell air compressor machine

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant