CN1171797A - Absorbent material - Google Patents
Absorbent material Download PDFInfo
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- CN1171797A CN1171797A CN95197168A CN95197168A CN1171797A CN 1171797 A CN1171797 A CN 1171797A CN 95197168 A CN95197168 A CN 95197168A CN 95197168 A CN95197168 A CN 95197168A CN 1171797 A CN1171797 A CN 1171797A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- absorbent
- super
- superabsorbent material
- charged ion
- positively charged
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 title claims description 59
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 title 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- -1 polyethylene morpholine Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920005601 base polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003856 quaternary ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002306 Glycocalyx Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical group CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011953 free-radical catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000004517 glycocalyx Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001289 polyvinyl ether Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001302 tertiary amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 8
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 210000004914 menses Anatomy 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 25
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 24
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 24
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000005906 menstruation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 5
- 206010042674 Swelling Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 4
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000370738 Chlorion Species 0.000 description 3
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 210000001124 body fluid Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000010839 body fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 description 3
- GQOKIYDTHHZSCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M dimethyl-bis(prop-2-enyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C=CC[N+](C)(C)CC=C GQOKIYDTHHZSCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 3
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 3
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229920001429 chelating resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron Chemical compound [H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur trioxide Chemical compound O=S(=O)=O AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101710134784 Agnoprotein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004160 Ammonium persulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MHABMANUFPZXEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-demethyl-aloesaponarin I Natural products O=C1C2=CC=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C2=C1C=C(O)C(C(O)=O)=C2C MHABMANUFPZXEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001122767 Theaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010046543 Urinary incontinence Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019395 ammonium persulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002242 deionisation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001477 hydrophilic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910001410 inorganic ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TWNIBLMWSKIRAT-VFUOTHLCSA-N levoglucosan Chemical group O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2CO[C@@H]1O2 TWNIBLMWSKIRAT-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-methylenebisacrylamide Chemical compound C=CC(=O)NCNC(=O)C=C ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphonic acid group Chemical group P(O)(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003016 phosphoric acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001467 poly(styrenesulfonates) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007614 solvation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006277 sulfonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfurochloridic acid Chemical compound OS(Cl)(=O)=O XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
- A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
- A61L15/42—Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
- A61L15/60—Liquid-swellable gel-forming materials, e.g. super-absorbents
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a superabsorbent material which comprises a combination of (1) a cationic superabsorbent in which from 20 to 100 % of the functional groups are in basic form, and (2) a cationic exchanger in which from 50 to 100 % of the functional groups are in acid form. The combination is particularly effective as a superabsorbent for electrolyte containing solutions such as menses and urine.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of absorbing material, more specifically, relate to that class material of a kind of so-called " super-absorbent ".
Be commonly referred to the normally lightly crosslinked hydrophilic polymer of material of " super-absorbent ".The chemical property of these polymkeric substance can be different, but they all have and can absorb and keep the aqueous fluid that equals their own wt manyfolds, even also like this under middle pressure.For example, super-absorbent can absorb usually and reach as high as the distilled water of himself weight more than 100 times or 100 times.
Advised super-absorbent is used for many different industrial application, can utilize the advantage of its water-absorbent and/or stand-up in these are used, example comprises the preparation of agricultural, construction industry, alkaline cell and strainer.Yet the primary application field of superabsorbent material is the health care and/or the preparation of health product, the disposable diaper of using as disposable sanitary napkin and child or adult's urinary incontinence.In these health cares and/or health product, usually super-absorbent and cellulosic fibre are used in combination absorbed body fluid (as menstruation or urine).Yet super-absorbent significantly is lower than receptivity to deionized water to the body fluid absorption ability.It has been generally acknowledged that this effect comes from the electrolyte content of body fluid, and this effect is called " salt poisoning ".
The performance of the water-absorbent of super-absorbent and reservation water is owing to there is ionogenic functional group in this polymer architecture.These groups are carboxylate radical normally, and when this polymkeric substance during in drying regime, high-load carboxylate radical is the form of salt, but when contacting with water, having produced disassociation turns into and solvation.When its disassociation state, this polymer chain has a series of functional groups that link on this chain, and these functional groups have identical electric charge, and are therefore mutually exclusive.This causes the expansion of this polymer architecture, allows further to absorb water molecules thereby should expand, though this expansion is subjected to the crosslinked restriction that causes in this polymer architecture, and must be full cross-linked in this polymkeric substance to prevent the dissolving of polymkeric substance.Think: the disassociation of these functional groups has been disturbed in the big electrolytical existence of concentration in water, and has produced " salt poisoning " effect.Though the superabsorbent agent of most commercial is anionic, can prepare functional group equally and be positively charged ion superabsorbent agent as the quaternary ammonium root.The form that this class material also must be salt is with as the superabsorbent agent, and its performance also is subjected to the influence of salt poisoning.
Do many trials and suppressed the salt poisoning effect, and improved the performance that the super-absorbent absorption contains electrolytic liquid (as menstruation and urine).So Japanese patent application OPI No.57-45,057 discloses a kind of absorption agent, and this absorption agent is the mixture of super-absorbent such as crosslinked polypropylene and powdery or granular ion exchange resin.EP-A-0210756 relates to a kind of absorbing structure, and it comprises super-absorbent and anionite, randomly also has cationite, and wherein these two kinds of ion-exchangers all are fibrous.Super-absorbent combined with ion-exchanger attempt to reduce the salt poisoning effect, its practice is: use ion-exchanger, usually anionite and cationite are used in combination, reduce the content of salt in this liquid.This ion-exchanger is to the not directly influence of performance of super-absorbent, and also total absorptive character that the content of salt fully can not be reduced to said composition have desirable effect.In addition, except that costliness, this ionic absorption agent self does not have sorption, therefore this super-absorbent is played diluting effect.
An object of the present invention is to provide a kind of super-absorbent that improves performance that has in (as under the situation of menstruation or urine) in the presence of the ionogen.
The invention provides a kind of superabsorbent material, it comprises the combination of material beneath:
(1) a kind of positively charged ion super-absorbent, wherein 20-100% functional group is the form of alkali; With
(2) a kind of cationite, wherein 50-100% functional group is the form of acid.
This positively charged ion superabsorbent material preferably has 50-100%, more preferably has to be essentially 100% functional group that is the alkali form.
This cationite preferably has and is essentially 100% the functional group that is sour form.
According to the present invention, now be surprised to find that: will be the positively charged ion absorption agent of form of alkali and the cationite of form that is acid and combine, as super-absorbent contain under electrolytical solution (as menstruation and the urine) situation effective especially.
Though do not wish to be subjected to any concrete theory, believe that superabsorbent material of the present invention has following double effect with containing when electrolytical solution contacts:
(1) the positively charged ion super-absorbent is changed into form as the salt of super-absorbent from non-absorpting form; With
(2) the positively charged ion super-absorbent to the conversion of its salt form to having deionization by cationite enhanced solution.
Functional group in the positively charged ion super-absorbent is the quaternary ammonium root of strong ion-exchanger normally.Therefore, when this positively charged ion super-absorbent contacted with electrolyte solution such as salt solution, the OH ion in its swelling and this super-absorbent was partly replaced by the Cl in the solution, and the pH of this solution becomes strong basicity.But the existence of Zeo-karb stops this solution to become strong basicity by this balanced reaction being helped make direction that this positively charged ion super-absorbent changes the form of its salt fully into to move.In this case, the sodium ion in the solution is replaced by Zeo-karb, and the positively charged ion super-absorbent that chlorion is the form of alkali in the solution replaces, and therefore causes the sufficient desalination of this salt solution, thereby has improved the absorptivity of this super-absorbent.
This when when containing electrolytical solution and contact from the positively charged ion super-absorbent to the effect of the conversion of its salt form and cationite in conjunction with sodium ion, this solution there is tangible deslination, thereby by alleviating the performance that the salt poisoning effect has improved this super-absorbent.Make this solution desalination and opposite in conjunction with the superabsorbent material (referring to above-cited Japanese patent application OPI No.57-45057 and EP-A-0210756) that is the form of salt with making spent ion exchange resin, the positively charged ion super-absorbent of the form of this alkali also has desalting to this solution.This just has much bigger desalting effect than the super-absorbent that uses ion-exchanger and salt form.Should note: ionogen is not linear to the influence of absorbency of superabsorbents in this solution in the solution, because along with its receptivity of increase of salts contg is not to descend regularly.Therefore, in a certain concentration range, produce quite little reduction, can cause the sizable increase of receptivity by making this solution salt content.
This positively charged ion super-absorbent can be any material with superabsorbent energy, and wherein functional group is a positively charged ion.Usually these functional groups are connected on the lightly crosslinked vinylformic acid basis polymkeric substance.For example, this base polymer can be polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, ethene-copolymer-maleic anhydride, polyvinyl ether, polyvinyl sulfonic acid, polyacrylic acid, polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyethylene morpholine.Also can use these monomeric multipolymers.Also can use based on starch and cellulosic polymkeric substance, comprise hydroxypropylcellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose and acrylic acid-grafted starch.Concrete base polymer comprises acryionitrile grafted starch, starch polyacrylic ester and the iso-butylene/copolymer-maleic anhydride of crosslinked polyacrylic ester, hydrolysis.Particularly preferred base polymer is starch polyacrylic ester and crosslinked polyacrylic ester.
The example of suitable Cationic functional groups comprises quaternary ammonium root or primary, the second month in a season or tertiary amine groups, and these groups should be the form of alkali.For derivatived cellulose, definition has the number of functional group's (being generally the quaternary ammonium root) that the substitution value (DS) of derivative of functional group had for each Mierocrystalline cellulose anhydroglucose unit.Its DS is generally 0.1-1.5.With similar approach, the DS of definable synthetic polymer is the number of each monomer or functional group that comonomer unit has.Its DS is generally 1, as every polyacrylic ester monomeric unit 1 quaternary ammonium root is arranged.The base of optimum selection polymkeric substance comprises polyose and based on the polymkeric substance of dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride.
According to an embodiment, this positively charged ion super-absorbent can be the polysaccharide super-absorbent that is made by following reaction: fiber polysaccharide such as Mierocrystalline cellulose and the reaction of excessive quaternary ammonium compound, this quaternary ammonium compound contain at least one can and have the substitution value of 0.5-1.1 with the group of polysaccharide hydroxyl reaction.This quaternary ammonium compound has general formula:
Or
Wherein n is the integer of 1-16; X is a halogen; Z is the negatively charged ion as halogenide or hydroxyl; And R, R
1, R
2And R
3, can be identical or different, each is hydrogen, alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkenyl or aryl, and R
2Can represent the following formula residue in addition:
Or
Wherein p is the integer of 2-10, n, R, R
1, R
3, X and Z definition as above.In WO 92/19652, more describe this cationic polysaccharide super-absorbent in detail.
According to another experimental program, this positively charged ion super-absorbent can be based on the super-absorbent of cross-linked cellulose, be in particular fiber cation polysaccharide with superabsorbent, this glycocalix quaternary ammonium root replaces and has and is at least 0.5 substitution value, this polysaccharide is linked to enough degree makes it insoluble in water.In our patent application of pending trial simultaneously .... more describe this super-absorbent in detail in (internal reference DR44).
According to another embodiment, this positively charged ion super-absorbent can be polymkeric substance water-swellable, water-insoluble, this polymkeric substance contains from diallyl quaternary ammonium salt monomer deutero-, by the crosslinked unit of suitable multi-functional vinyl compound, and it is characterized in that: this polymkeric substance prepares by radical polymerization at aqueous phase with free radical catalyst.In our patent application of pending trial simultaneously ... .. (internal reference DR43) more describes this super-absorbent in detail.
Ion-exchange is the reversible exchange of ionic between solid and liquid, and wherein the solid structure of ion-exchange material does not have obvious variation.
Ion-exchange appears on the various materials, as silicate, phosphoric acid salt, fluorochemical, vegetable mould, Mierocrystalline cellulose, silk, protein, aluminum oxide, resin, lignin, cell (cells), glass, barium sulfate and silver chloride.
Yet, these materials are used for ion-exchange material, depend on the character of other the ion-exchange except that between liquid-solid phase.From 1910, natural along with using, be since the introducing of synthetic zeolite water softening afterwards, industrial circle was using ion-exchange always.
The nineteen thirty-five introducing of synthetic organic ion exchange resin results from the synthetic of phenol condensation product, and this product contains sulfonate radical or amino, and this product can be used for positively charged ion or anionic reversible exchange.
Inorganic ion exchange material comprises natural materials (as mineral zeolite (as cliptonite), greensand and clay (if you would take off stone)) and sintetics (as the hydrous oxide of gel zeolite, polyvalent metal and the insoluble salt of polyvalent metal salt and the acid of many barium).
Synthetic organic products comprises positively charged ion and anionic ion-exchange resins, and the both has strong and weak type two classes.
This weakly acidic cationic exchanger resin mainly is based on and has used difunctional degree monomer, as the crosslinked acrylic or methacrylic acid of DVBC (divinylbenzene).Other weak acid resin makes with the phenolic group of phosphonic acid functional groups.
This weak acid resin has extremely strong affinity to hydrogen ion, therefore easy-to-use strong acid regeneration.Yet this character defines salt can produce the such scope of decomposition more than pH4.
Strong resin with commercial value is the sulfonated multipolymer of vinylbenzene and DVB, carries out sulfonation respectively with sulfonic acid, sulphur trioxide and chlorsulfonic acid.
These materials are characterised in that their exchange cations or decompose the ability of neutral salt and can be used for whole pH scope.
This cationite preferably contains the resin cation (R.C.) of the form functional group of acid.Suitable functional group comprises carboxylate radical or sulfonate radical.
Can use following Zeo-karb in the embodiment of this invention: Amberlite IR 120: this is a kind of strong cation exchanger, has to be H
+The sulfonic acid functionality of type.Its total exchange capacity to dried resin is 4.4 milligramequivalent/grams (meq/g).Amberlite IRC 76: this is a kind of weak cation exchanger, has the carboxylic functionality of the form that can be acid.Its total exchange capacity to dried resin is 10meq/g.Dowex 50W YZ: this is a kind of strong cation exchanger, and it is with H
+Type obtains, and contains sulfonic acid functionality.Its total exchange capacity to dried resin is 5meq/g.
In general, according to molecular weight and ion-exchange capacity, the weight ratio of positively charged ion super-absorbent and cationite is 1: 20-1: 1, be preferably 1: 3-1: 1.
Absorbing material of the present invention is suitable for especially being used in wishing to absorb and contains in the electrolytical liquid, aqueous application.The example of these liquid specifically comprises menstruation and urine, and this absorbing material can be used as the packing material of menopad and diaper with the blend of fibrous absorber (as cellulose villus).For this purpose, absorption agent of the present invention can granular or filamentous form existence.
Absorbing material of the present invention shows especially to containing the electrolytical liquid, aqueous good absorption that has, and shown in following embodiment, these embodiment test with common salt aqueous solution (1%NaCl) and synthetic urine.Preparation: the positively charged ion super-absorbent based on crosslinked Poly Dimethyl Diallyl Ammonium Chloride is called Fai7OH.The preparation of Fai7 OH
60% aqueous solution of 133g dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride (DMAC is available from fluka) weighed add in the 250ml flask.
Separately 0.2g bisacrylamide (BAC is available from fluka) being weighed adds in the 5ml test tube, and is dissolved in the distilled water of 2ml.
0.12g ammonium persulphate (radical initiator) is dissolved in the 2ml distilled water in the 5ml test tube.
With vacuum pump this monomer solution is vacuumized.
Afterwards, under continuously stirring, this cross-linking agent solution and radical initiator are added in this monomer solution, by this flask is placed a thermostatic bath come this temperature transfer to 60 ℃ four hours.
The solid product of this generation is with scraper cutting and transfer in 5 liters of beakers that 4 liters of distilled water are arranged, and filters this swollen gel with nonwoven thin paper fabric filter cloth after two hours.This gel in draft furnace 60 ℃ dry 12 hours down.Collect 60g exsiccant polymkeric substance and be called Fai7 Cl.20g Fai 7 Cl are placed one 10 liters beaker, and under continuously stirring, add 4 liters of distilled water swellings.When this polymkeric substance swelling (2 hours), add 500ml 0.01M NaOH solution, and the flimsy material filter cloth with nonwoven filters this gel after 30 minutes.Repeat these operations (alkalization and filtration), (chlorion can be by AgNO up to there is not chlorion in these washing water
3Reaction is checked) till.Up to this washing water in do not have the sign of alkali reaction till with this gel of distilled water wash this moment.
In ventilated drying oven, descended dry these gels 12 hours afterwards at 60 ℃.Collect 10g exsiccant polymkeric substance and be called Fai7 OH.
The compare test of embodiment 1. liquid-absorbents
Test and show: use positively charged ion super-absorbent and Zeo-karb can improve the absorptive character of this positively charged ion super-absorbent, this is because the desalting that is obtained by this ion-exchange mixture causes.
1%NaCl solution (150ml) and 2.23g Zeo-karb IR120 (H
+) in a 250ml beaker, contact 2 hours under the continuously stirring.The sodium ion of this solution should be replaced by the hydrogen ion in this resin.Use this solution of pasteur pipette, extract then, and when stirring, move in the beaker that contains 0.11g Fai 7OH of another one 250ml; When this gel no longer stops to add solution during swelling.At this moment gel is placed in the little envelope of a nonwoven thin paper " tea bag " type, under 60 * g, after centrifugal 10 minutes, calculates its absorptivity by following formula:
A=(W
Wet-W
Do)/G is wherein: the absorptivity after A=is centrifugal, g/gW
Wet=contain the weight of the envelope of wet AGM, gW after centrifugal
Do=contain the weight of the envelope of doing AGM, the weight of the AGM that gG=used in should testing, gAGM=absorptivity gelatinous material
Also use Fai9 OH and Fai9 Cl separately and do not use this Zeo-karb to repeat this examination
The above results shows: the Fai-7 OH and the salt form (Fai-7Cl that are the alkali form
+) the positively charged ion super-absorbent, and in deionized water, compare, in 1%NaCl solution, show limited absorptivity.But work as and the form IR120 (H that is acid
+) cationite combine, this bill of material reveals the absorptivity that significantly improves.
Should understand that 1%NaCl represents accurate test of this super-absorbent.Literature research shows: the salts contg of urine changes along with series of factors, but the maximum value that 1% (weight) expression may run in practice.
Claims (17)
1. superabsorbent material, it comprises the combination of following material:
I) a kind of positively charged ion super-absorbent, wherein the functional group of 20-100% is the form of alkali; With
Ii) a kind of cationite, wherein the functional group of 50-100% is the form of acid.
2. the described superabsorbent material of claim 1, wherein this positively charged ion super-absorbent has 50-100%, preferably is essentially the functional group of 100% the form that is alkali, and wherein this cationite has basically 100% functional group that is the form of acid.
3. claim 1 or 2 described superabsorbent materials, wherein the functional group in this positively charged ion super-absorbent be primary, the second month in a season or tertiary amine groups or quaternary ammonium root.
4. the described superabsorbent material of claim 3, wherein this functional group is the quaternary ammonium root.
5. each described superabsorbent material among the claim 1-4, wherein this functional group is connected on polymeric amide, polyvinyl alcohol, ethene-copolymer-maleic anhydride, polyvinyl ether, polyvinyl sulfonic acid, polyacrylic acid, polyvinylpyrrolidone or the polyethylene morpholine as base polymer or on its co-polymer, and on the polymkeric substance of starch or cellulose base.
6. the described superabsorbent material of claim 5, wherein the polymkeric substance of this starch or cellulose base is hydroxypropylcellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose or acrylic acid-grafted starch.
7. claim 5 or 6 described super-absorbent, wherein this base polymer is crosslinked polyacrylic ester or iso-butylene/copolymer-maleic anhydride.
8. the described superabsorbent material of claim 7, wherein this base polymer is starch polyacrylic ester or crosslinked polyacrylic ester.
9. each described super-absorbent among the claim 1-8, wherein this positively charged ion super-absorbent is the polysaccharide super-absorbent that is prepared as follows: with fiber polysaccharide and the reaction of excessive quaternary ammonium compound, this compound contains at least one can and have the substitution value of 0.5-1.1 with the group of polysaccharide hydroxyl reaction.
10. the superabsorbent material described in the claim 9, wherein this quaternary ammonium compound has general formula:
Or
Wherein n is the integer of 1-16; X is a halogen; Z is the negatively charged ion as halide ions or hydroxyl; And R, R
1, R
2And R
3, can be identical or different, each is hydrogen, alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkenyl or aryl, and R
2Can represent the following formula residue in addition:
Or
Wherein p is the integer of 2-10, n, R, R
1, R
3, X and Z definition as above.
11. each described superabsorbent material among the claim 1-10, wherein this positively charged ion super-absorbent is the fiber cation polysaccharide with superabsorbent energy, this glycocalix quaternary ammonium root replaces and has and is at least 0.5 substitution value, and the crosslinked enough degree of this polysaccharide make it keep insoluble in water.
12. each described superabsorbent material among the claim 1-10, wherein this positively charged ion super-absorbent is water swellable, water-insoluble polymkeric substance, this polymkeric substance contains from diallyl quaternary ammonium salt monomer deutero-, by the crosslinked unit of suitable polyfunctional vinyl compound, it is characterized in that this polymkeric substance prepares by cationoid polymerisation at aqueous phase with free radical catalyst.
13. each described superabsorbent material among the claim 1-12, wherein this cationite is the resin cation (R.C.) that contains the functional group of the form that is acid.
14. the superabsorbent material described in the claim 13, wherein this functional group is carboxylic acid or sulfonic group.
15. each described superabsorbent material among the claim 1-14, wherein the weight ratio of positively charged ion super-absorbent and cationite is 1: 20-1: 1.
16. the superabsorbent material described in the claim 15, wherein the weight ratio of positively charged ion super-absorbent and cationite is 1: 3-1: 1.
17. each described superabsorbent material absorbs and contains electrolytical liquid, aqueous purposes among the claim 1-16.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ITT094A000890 | 1994-11-10 | ||
| IT94TO000890A IT1267495B1 (en) | 1994-11-10 | 1994-11-10 | ABSORBENT MATERIAL, FOR EXAMPLE OF SUPER ABSORBENT TYPE, AND RELATIVE USE. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1171797A true CN1171797A (en) | 1998-01-28 |
Family
ID=11412880
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN95197168A Pending CN1171797A (en) | 1994-11-10 | 1995-11-13 | Absorbent material |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0791020A4 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH10509752A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR970707183A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1171797A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU4234996A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9509650A (en) |
| CZ (1) | CZ140897A3 (en) |
| HU (1) | HUT77843A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1267495B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1996015163A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103665411A (en) * | 2012-09-24 | 2014-03-26 | 浙江卫星石化股份有限公司 | High salt tolerance and high water absorption rate super absorbent resin and preparation method thereof |
| CN104475065A (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2015-04-01 | 湖南科技大学 | Efficient heavy-metal-ion absorbent material and preparation method thereof |
Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6951895B1 (en) * | 1996-12-02 | 2005-10-04 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Absorbent composition |
| US6232520B1 (en) | 1997-02-19 | 2001-05-15 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Absorbent polymer compositions having high sorption capacities under an applied pressure |
| US5981689A (en) * | 1997-11-19 | 1999-11-09 | Amcol International Corporation | Poly(vinylamine)-based superabsorbent gels and method of manufacturing the same |
| US6623576B2 (en) | 1998-10-28 | 2003-09-23 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Continuous manufacture of superabsorbent/ion exchange sheet material |
| US6072101A (en) * | 1997-11-19 | 2000-06-06 | Amcol International Corporation | Multicomponent superabsorbent gel particles |
| US6342298B1 (en) | 1997-11-19 | 2002-01-29 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Multicomponent superabsorbent fibers |
| US6087448A (en) * | 1997-11-19 | 2000-07-11 | Amcol International Corporation | Solid superabsorbent material containing a poly(vinylguanidine) and an acidic water-absorbing resin |
| US5962578A (en) * | 1997-11-19 | 1999-10-05 | Amcol International Corporation | Poly(dialkylaminoalkyl (meth)acrylamide)-based superabsorbent gels |
| US6222091B1 (en) | 1997-11-19 | 2001-04-24 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Multicomponent superabsorbent gel particles |
| US6639120B1 (en) | 1997-12-12 | 2003-10-28 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Structure having balanced pH profile |
| ZA9810779B (en) | 1997-12-12 | 1999-09-21 | Kimberly Clark Co | Structure having balanced pH profile. |
| US6121509A (en) * | 1998-01-07 | 2000-09-19 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Absorbent polymer compositions having high sorption capacities under an applied pressure and improved integrity when wet |
| EP1024176A4 (en) | 1998-08-13 | 2005-03-23 | Nippon Catalytic Chem Ind | Cross-linked polymer composition swelling in water and process for producing the same |
| US6534554B1 (en) | 1999-10-27 | 2003-03-18 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Multicomponent ion exchange resins |
| US7696401B2 (en) * | 2003-07-31 | 2010-04-13 | Evonik Stockhausen, Inc. | Absorbent materials and absorbent articles incorporating such absorbent materials |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2586883A (en) * | 1947-06-02 | 1952-02-26 | American Cyanamid Co | Stable combination of cation- and anion-exchange resins |
| US3558744A (en) * | 1968-01-05 | 1971-01-26 | Amicon Corp | Process for making polyelectrolyte complex resin |
| JPS51125468A (en) * | 1975-03-27 | 1976-11-01 | Sanyo Chem Ind Ltd | Method of preparing resins of high water absorbency |
| JPS5745057A (en) * | 1980-09-02 | 1982-03-13 | Shinko Chem | Water absorbing material |
| US4489180A (en) * | 1983-12-12 | 1984-12-18 | Exxon Research And Engineering Co. | Drag reduction agent utilizing water soluble interpolymer complexes |
| JPS60248720A (en) * | 1984-03-26 | 1985-12-09 | アトランテイツク・リツチフイ−ルド・カンパニ− | Water-insoluble water-swellable high molecular compound and manufacture |
| US4818598A (en) * | 1985-06-28 | 1989-04-04 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Absorbent structures |
| US5091443A (en) * | 1990-02-07 | 1992-02-25 | Becton, Dickinson And Company | Composition for gelling liquids |
| DE4029592C2 (en) * | 1990-09-19 | 1994-07-14 | Stockhausen Chem Fab Gmbh | Polymer-based swelling agents and absorbents with improved degradability and absorption of water, aqueous solutions and body fluids, and their use for the production of hygiene articles and for soil improvement |
| IT1249309B (en) * | 1991-05-03 | 1995-02-22 | Faricerca Spa | CATIONIC TYPE POLYSACCHARIDES |
-
1994
- 1994-11-10 IT IT94TO000890A patent/IT1267495B1/en active IP Right Grant
-
1995
- 1995-11-13 HU HU9801170A patent/HUT77843A/en unknown
- 1995-11-13 WO PCT/US1995/014677 patent/WO1996015163A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-11-13 BR BR9509650A patent/BR9509650A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-11-13 JP JP8516230A patent/JPH10509752A/en active Pending
- 1995-11-13 CZ CZ971408A patent/CZ140897A3/en unknown
- 1995-11-13 CN CN95197168A patent/CN1171797A/en active Pending
- 1995-11-13 AU AU42349/96A patent/AU4234996A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-11-13 EP EP95940681A patent/EP0791020A4/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1997
- 1997-05-09 KR KR19977003135A patent/KR970707183A/en unknown
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103665411A (en) * | 2012-09-24 | 2014-03-26 | 浙江卫星石化股份有限公司 | High salt tolerance and high water absorption rate super absorbent resin and preparation method thereof |
| CN104475065A (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2015-04-01 | 湖南科技大学 | Efficient heavy-metal-ion absorbent material and preparation method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0791020A1 (en) | 1997-08-27 |
| MX9703444A (en) | 1998-07-31 |
| IT1267495B1 (en) | 1997-02-05 |
| ITTO940890A0 (en) | 1994-11-10 |
| CZ140897A3 (en) | 1997-10-15 |
| BR9509650A (en) | 1997-09-16 |
| EP0791020A4 (en) | 2000-07-12 |
| KR970707183A (en) | 1997-12-01 |
| WO1996015163A1 (en) | 1996-05-23 |
| HUT77843A (en) | 1998-08-28 |
| JPH10509752A (en) | 1998-09-22 |
| ITTO940890A1 (en) | 1996-05-10 |
| AU4234996A (en) | 1996-06-06 |
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