CN117178802B - Mangrove plant ecological restoration system and method in coastal highway occupation area - Google Patents
Mangrove plant ecological restoration system and method in coastal highway occupation area Download PDFInfo
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- CN117178802B CN117178802B CN202311362650.6A CN202311362650A CN117178802B CN 117178802 B CN117178802 B CN 117178802B CN 202311362650 A CN202311362650 A CN 202311362650A CN 117178802 B CN117178802 B CN 117178802B
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a mangrove plant ecological restoration system and method in coastal highway occupation of land relates to side slope afforestation and ecological restoration field, and this device includes the ecological district at the coastal side slope middle part on highway right side, and ecological district is including the storage water tank of pre-buried at coastal side slope middle part and be located the planting district on storage water tank right side, and the planting district comprises a plurality of triangular areas, plants the mangrove plant on the triangular area. This application can be through preventing unrestrained steel wire gabion shore protection, the spherical unrestrained mound that disappears of side slope, the domatic erosion and the impact of concrete arc curved surface can reduce the sea tide to domatic, improves domatic stability, and this structure is according to the coastal highway side slope be located the height Cheng Ouyu between average climax line and the average sea level, selects as the ecological pleasant forest area of mangrove to carry out the ecological recovery of side slope, can improve the afforestation area and the effect of highway, can carry out multistage, multirow mangrove planting district construction according to side slope length and slope simultaneously.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of slope greening and ecological restoration, in particular to a mangrove plant ecological restoration system and method in the coastal highway occupation area.
Background
Mangrove is one of the marine ecosystems with highest production capacity in tropical and subtropical sea-land staggered areas, and plays an important role in purifying water quality, preventing wind and eliminating waves, maintaining biodiversity, fixing carbon, storing carbon and the like. According to the latest investigation data in 2022, the area of the mangrove forest land in China is increased to 43.8 mu, which is increased by about 10.8 mu compared with the initial period of the century, and the method is one of countries with the net increase of the area of few mangroves forest in the world.
In recent years, related departments and local science orderly promote the work of protecting, repairing, monitoring and supervising the mangrove forest, and the like, and promote the mangrove forest to protect to obtain positive effects. In the future, the ecological environment department will combine with the implementation of ocean ecological environment protection planning and the construction of beautiful gulf to guide the implementation of relevant important task measures related to mangrove protection and repair in 62 gulfs in coastal places. The ecological protection supervision of the mangrove is enhanced, the reinforcement supervision of the 'green shield' natural protection land and the remote sensing supervision of human activities are continuously developed, the ecological environment protection effect evaluation of the national natural protection area of the mangrove type is developed, and the ecological environment protection effect of the mangrove is scientifically evaluated. Meanwhile, the investigation and evaluation of the ecological condition of the mangrove are enhanced, the monitoring range is gradually expanded on the basis of the monitoring work of the existing typical mangrove ecological system and the protection area, the ecological health condition evaluation of the national typical mangrove ecological system is normally developed, and the mangrove is brought into the precise investigation range of the ecological environment of the bay to be carried out in the next step.
The slope protection of the coastal highway generally adopts slope surface integral hardening and wave-dissipating piers to avoid seawater scouring and erosion, does not generally carry out greening construction, and is particularly not suitable for the restoration construction of mangrove ecological communities. In order to improve the greening area and ecological restoration effect of a coastal highway, a system and a method for restoring mangrove plant ecology in the occupation area of the coastal highway are provided, a high Cheng Ouyu area, which is located between an average climax line and an average sea level, of a coastal highway side slope is selected as a mangrove ecologically pleasant area to restore the side slope ecology, and meanwhile, multi-stage and multi-row mangrove planting area construction can be carried out according to the side slope length and the gradient of the side slope.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the existing technical problems, the application provides a mangrove plant ecological restoration system and method in the coastal highway occupation area.
The utility model provides a mangrove plant ecological restoration system in coastal highway land occupation, including the ecological district at highway right side coast slope middle part, ecological district is including pre-buried in the storage water tank at coast slope middle part and be located the planting district on storage water tank right side, and the planting district comprises a plurality of triangle areas, and specifically, planting district surface is the rectangle regional structure of constituteing by a plurality of squares, divides square planting district earlier, and then divides into two triangle-shaped planting districts with every square region.
Mangrove plants are planted on the triangular area, a permeable net is embedded at the top of the water storage tank, cement baffles are embedded at two sides of the top of the planting area, a water inlet is formed in the bottom of the right side of the water storage tank, a sliding rail is arranged on the right side of the water storage tank, a baffle matched with the water inlet is connected with an inner cavity of the sliding rail in a sliding manner, a drain pipe is communicated with the bottom of the water storage tank, and one end of the drain pipe extends to the outside of a coastal side slope.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, through preventing unrestrained wire mesh gabion shore protection, the spherical unrestrained mound that disappears of side slope, the domatic face of concrete arc can reduce the erosion and the impact of sea tide to the domatic face, improve domatic stability, this structure is according to the coastal highway side slope be located average climax line and average sea level between high Cheng Ouyu, select as the ecological suitable forest area of mangrove and carry out the ecological recovery of side slope, can improve the afforestation area and the effect of highway, can carry out multistage, multirow mangrove planting area construction simultaneously according to side slope length and slope.
Preferably, the bottom of the watertight net (7) is fixedly connected with a layer of oil absorption felt; the felt is polypropylene felt with thickness of 3mm, and the water permeable dense net is 304 stainless steel dense net (20 mesh. 22 mesh). Oyster shells are laid between the two cement baffles, and the thickness of the oyster shells is 10-20cm, preferably 15cm. The wave-resistant steel wire mesh gabion (4) is arranged on the coastal plane, the width is 60cm, and the height is 40cm; the wave eliminating piers are semicircular, the diameter is 25cm, and the longitudinal and transverse spacing is 20cm and 40cm respectively; the slope gradient is 15-25 °, preferably 20 °. The ecological area is a concrete prefabricated structure and is positioned at the tide level in the mangrove, namely the middle part of the area from the average sea level to the average high tide level of the big tide.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, through the setting of oyster shell, can prevent that sea water from washing away the erosion and taking away the soil in the planting district, also can prevent that rubbish debris etc. from getting into the planting district and influencing plant growth. Meanwhile, the oyster shell layer covers the chest diameter part of the plant, so that the shellfish such as barnacles can be prevented from adhering to the trunk of the plant to influence the growth of the plant.
Preferably, the top on the right side of the baffle is embedded with a water permeable net.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, through the setting of watertight net apron and watertight net baffle, watertight net can separate rubbish debris entering storage water tank in, and the maintenance clearance of being convenient for, under the water storage state, the baffle upwards opens, bottom and planting district intercommunication, and its watertight net bottom is leveled with planting district, can block rubbish debris etc. entering planting district of top.
Preferably, the bottom of the inner cavity of the water storage tank is fixedly connected with a vertical frame, the surface of the vertical frame is connected with a sliding sleeve in a sliding manner, one side of the sliding sleeve is fixedly connected with an iron shell plug, and the iron shell plug is pressed at the end part of the drain pipe.
Preferably, the fixed pulley is installed at the top of the stand, the stay rope is fixedly connected with the bottom of the left side of the baffle plate, and the stay rope penetrates through the surface of the fixed pulley and is fixedly connected with the iron shell plug.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, through the cooperation use of drain pipe, grudging post, fixed pulley, iron shell stopper, sliding sleeve and stay cord, when the pollutant leakage condition such as sea oil spilling, road surface danger article leakage takes place, the pollutant gets into water storage district and planting district through modes such as flood tide, storage water tank bottom baffle is closed, cuts off the intercommunication with planting district, turns into the pollutant temporary storage, and in time take the handling modes such as absorption, extraction to the pollutant, wash the surface pollutant of planting district simultaneously, wash the pollutant and also get into the pollutant temporary storage in the storage water tank, and in time take the handling modes such as absorption, extraction to the pollutant. After the preliminary treatment of pollutant, the baffle is downwards closed the water inlet under the spacing of slide rail at last, and the baffle pulling stay cord rolls on the surface of fixed pulley, and the stay cord then pulls iron shell stopper upward movement for the drain pipe is opened, and the evacuation washs sewage, thoroughly clears up the storage water tank, and the in-process that iron shell stopper moved drives the sliding sleeve and removes at the surface of grudging post, spacing and direction to the removal of iron shell stopper, has avoided the iron shell stopper to cover the circumstances that appears the skew when on the drain pipe again, has improved the stability of iron shell stopper.
Preferably, three fixing devices are pre-buried on the triangular space, the fixing devices are arranged on the outer wall of the triangular space, triangular support is achieved on the mangrove forest, a threaded pipe is arranged between the fixing devices and the mangrove forest, two ends of the threaded pipe are connected with threaded rods in a threaded mode, one end of each bottom threaded rod is connected with the corresponding fixing device in a rotating mode through a rotating shaft, one end of each top threaded rod is connected with an arc-shaped supporting plate in a rotating mode, and the arc-shaped supporting plates are sleeved on the surface of a trunk of the mangrove forest.
Preferably, a rubber pad is mounted on the inner side of the arc-shaped supporting plate.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, through the cooperation of fixing device, the screwed pipe, threaded rod and arc backup pad use, prefabricated fixing device has increased the stability that three support rod base that comprises screwed pipe and threaded rod supported, rotate the screwed pipe afterwards for two threaded rods are moved in opposite directions, realize carrying out the triangle to the mangrove and support, according to best supporting point position adjustment support rod length, prevent that the mangrove from lodging, support rod front portion sets up the arc backup pad, establish buffer rubber (or other materials) gasket in the arc backup pad, not only increase frictional force, also reduce the destruction to trunk surface through the buffering.
Preferably, the coastal side slope is provided with a wave-resistant steel wire mesh gabion near the sea level, and a plurality of spherical wave-dissipating piers are arranged on the coastal side slope.
The application also provides a method for recovering vegetation in the road occupation area of the mangrove wetland ecologically sensitive area by adopting the ecological recovery system, which comprises the following steps,
step (1), determining pile number positions and mileage of roads crossing mangrove ecological sensitive areas through remote sensing interpretation images or aerial photo images; selecting a plurality of protection areas, namely mangrove forest wetland ecology sensitive areas in the coastal highway occupation area, and then carrying out field investigation on vegetation characteristics, soil conditions, water quality parameters and bird types in the areas to be protected;
step (2), on-site investigation of vegetation types and protection grades, wetland soil property and structure, wetland water quality and water level, bird population and protection grades in the occupation area, and comprehensive investigation results are carried out, each vegetation protection area is divided into three protection grades, and protection countermeasures of each grade are as follows:
first level: transplanting all vegetation in the permanent land occupation of the highway for off-site protection; the vegetation in the temporary occupation area of the highway is reserved in situ on the premise of not influencing the construction safety, and the other vegetation is fully transplanted and protected in different places; meanwhile, the protection of sensitive water is enhanced in the road subgrade construction, and the water quality and the original water level are protected in the subgrade construction; after highway construction, vegetation recovery is carried out, so that vegetation coverage is guaranteed to be 80%, and the types of recovered vegetation are up to 5; according to main birds in the protection area, selecting vegetation capable of attracting birds for recovery;
Second level: selecting vegetation with the breast diameter more than or equal to 10cm in the permanent land occupation area of the highway for transplanting and off-site protection; the vegetation in the temporary occupation area of the highway is reserved in situ on the premise of not influencing the construction safety, and the vegetation influencing the construction safety only selects the vegetation with the breast diameter of more than or equal to 10cm for transplanting and off-site protection, and the rest vegetation is cleaned and constructed; meanwhile, the protection of sensitive water is enhanced in highway construction, and the water quality and the original water level are protected in roadbed construction; after highway construction, the vegetation coverage is ensured to be 60 percent, and the types of recovered vegetation are 3 types;
third level: cleaning and constructing all vegetation according to the original design in the permanent land occupation of the highway; the vegetation in the temporary occupation area of the highway is reserved in situ on the premise of not influencing the construction safety, and the rest vegetation is cleaned and constructed; meanwhile, the protection of sensitive water is enhanced in highway construction, and the water quality and the original water level are protected in roadbed construction; the vegetation coverage is guaranteed to reach 50% after highway construction;
step (3), when the in-situ conservation and protection of mangrove vegetation in the occupation area are developed, fence is adopted for protection, so that personnel and machinery are prevented from entering and damaging; the wound is bound at the chest diameter of the trunk to prevent mechanical bruising; pruning and leaf cutting reduce the construction damage range of vegetation;
And (4) when transplanting protection of mangrove vegetation in the occupation area is developed, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
4.1 preparation before transplanting
1) Transplanting by adopting a soil ball method: the height of the tree is more than 3m, the diameter of the breast tree is more than 5cm, and the ratio of the transverse diameter of the transplanted soil ball to the crown is 1: 4-1: 3, the longitudinal height of the soil ball is 60% -80% of the transverse diameter of the soil ball; the soil balls of other saplings have the diameters of 30-40cm; the soil ball packing can be carried out by a woven bag, a root controller or a square wooden box;
2) Measuring hanging labels: measuring the prepared trees before trimming, and recording the types, the tree heights, the breast diameters and the crown widths of each plant or cluster tree; and a label of the number, the crown information and the root soil ball size is tied on the tree.
3) Pruning: pruning branches and crowns of transplanted trees in order to facilitate root cutting, digging and later transplanting maintenance; after the basic skeleton of the crown is reserved, pruning excessive branches, overlapped branches, rotten branches, drooping branches, overgrown branches and pest branches, and pruning the non-lignified parts of the saplings with the tops; after cutting branches with the diameter of more than 3cm, coating a preservative or wrapping a cutting opening to prevent evaporation and decay of water; the pruning amount of the branches and leaves is 1/3-1/2;
4) Binding: crown binding, namely moderately binding the crowns by ropes so as to facilitate the digging and transplanting of broken roots, and sequentially shrinking and binding inwards from top to bottom; when the thick branches are pricked, flexible matters are padded on the rope part to prevent the trees from being broken or contused; trunk bundling, wrapping trunks and large branches of transplanted trees with chest diameters of more than 8cm, winding by using straw ropes, winding from rhizomes to branch points, playing a role in reducing mechanical damage in evaporation and transplanting processes, and dismantling according to tree recovery conditions after field planting;
4.2 root-cutting excavation packing
1) Root cutting excavation
The original mangrove plant has higher density in the young stage, the distance of the tree base is short, when the root is cut off, the cut-off openings are arranged from the edge of the forest to the inside of the forest, the places with larger tree spacing are cut-off openings, the cut-off openings are excavated in small blocks, and the soil penetration depth is 30-60cm; when the excavated soil blocks have a plurality of saplings or seedlings, the saplings or seedlings can be separated into different plants, the plants can be separated into bags, and the clumps of the plants can not be separated into bags; the thicker root is cut off by a sharp pruning shear or a hand saw to be flush with the inner wall of the ditch, 200mg/L rooting powder is smeared at the wound, so that the root heals at the fracture of the root, new roots are bred, and the survival rate is improved;
2) Packaging
The straw ropes are combined with the cloth belts for packing, and before packing, the packing ropes are soaked in water for wetting, so that the toughness of the packing materials is enhanced, and the brittle fracture and lifting breakage caused by bundling are reduced;
4.3 seedling lifting transportation and temporary planting
Loading the packed transplanting tree, and transporting the transplanting tree to a planting area for temporary planting recovery; the planting area is a temporary land for a highway slope;
the depth of the temporary planting pit is not lower than the height of the soil ball, the temporary planting pit is provided with a drainage ditch for preventing root system water accumulation in rainy season, and a shading facility is arranged;
the full shading management is carried out on the temporarily planted tree within 10 days before temporary planting, and shading is carried out from 10 am to 4 pm after 10 days; after the shading net is fully shaded for 20 days, the shading net is completely cut off, so that the tree is suitable for the full-illumination habitat condition; during the temporary planting period, water is sprayed 1 time every 1-2 hours in the day 10 days before, and the soil humidity is 85-95%; after 10 days, the germination of the root system is gradually increased, the water spraying quantity is properly reduced according to the growth vigor of the root system, and the soil humidity is not lower than 75%; after 1 month of temporary planting, the root system basically recovers to grow, and the natural tidal flooding bionic mode irrigation under the full illumination condition is adopted, namely, the daily early and late seawater flooding irrigation is adopted until the soil surface has surplus seawater to remain, so that the natural growth environment is gradually adapted;
And (5) constructing an ecological restoration system of a side slope of a highway in an ecological sensitive area of the mangrove wetland, which specifically comprises the following steps:
5.1, constructing the mangrove plant ecological restoration system in the coastal highway occupation area according to the position elevation of the highway greening restoration suitable forest area, wherein the ecological area comprises a water storage tank and a planting area positioned on the right side of the water storage tank, the planting area consists of a plurality of triangular areas, and mangrove plants are planted on the triangular areas; the planting areas of the slope are multiple rows and multiple gradients;
5.2, transplanting the temporarily planted mangrove plants of different types to a planting area according to different heights (planting according to different heights of each mangrove plant), and backfilling planting soil, wherein the planting soil is soil with construction clear surface, meets the soil salinity of <2 per mill, and is directly used as backfill soil; if the salinity of the soil is 2-8 per mill, the surface soil is cleaned according to the mass ratio: sea mud with salt content of 2 per mill: sea sand: polyacrylamide: plant ash=5:7 (1.5-2.5): (0.3-0.5): the (1-2) is mixed to form sea mud with the salt content of 2 per mill according to the mass ratio when the salinity of soil is more than 8 per mill: sea sand: red loam: polyacrylamide: plant ash = 10: (1.5-2.5): (1.5-2): (0.3-0.5): (1-2) mixing to form a backfill soil, wherein the red loam soil is doped with an organic fertilizer with a salt content of 2 per mill;
5.3, paving a solid soil layer on the planting soil, wherein the solid soil layer sequentially comprises a geotechnical cloth layer and a plant fiber layer which are laminated; the thickness of the plant fiber layer is 3-5cm, the plant fiber layer is a plant fiber pad or a hemp and coconut soil fixing blanket, and the lap joint width of two adjacent plant fiber pads or hemp and coconut soil fixing blankets is larger than 15cm;
5.4 paving oyster shells on the solid soil layer, wherein the thickness of the oyster shells is 10-20cm, preferably 15cm;
5.5 triangular supports are fixed, and the arc-shaped supporting plates are sleeved on the surfaces of the trunk chest diameter positions of mangrove plants.
In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the utility model provides a through preventing unrestrained steel wire gabion shore protection, the spherical unrestrained mound that disappears of side slope, the domatic erosion and the impact of concrete arc curved surface can reduce the sea tide to domatic, improve domatic stability, this structure is according to the coastal highway side slope be located the height Cheng Ouyu between average climax line and the average sea level, selects as the ecological pleasant forest area of mangrove to carry out the ecological recovery of side slope, can improve the afforestation area and the effect of highway, can carry out multistage, multirow mangrove planting district construction according to side slope length and slope simultaneously.
2. The setting through oyster shell can prevent that sea water from erodeing and taking away the interior soil of planting district, also can prevent that rubbish debris etc. from getting into planting district and influencing vegetation. Meanwhile, the oyster shell layer covers the chest diameter part of the plant, so that the shellfish such as barnacles can be prevented from adhering to the trunk of the plant to influence the growth of the plant.
3. According to the water-permeable net cover plate and the water-permeable net partition plate, the water-permeable net can obstruct garbage sundries from entering the water storage tank, maintenance and cleaning are convenient, under the water storage state, the baffle plate is opened upwards, the bottom of the water-permeable net is leveled with a planting area, and garbage sundries above the water-permeable net can be prevented from entering the planting area.
4. This application uses through the cooperation of drain pipe, the grudging post, the fixed pulley, the iron shell stopper, sliding sleeve and stay cord, when the pollutant leakage condition such as sea oil spilling takes place, road surface danger article leakage, the pollutant gets into water storage district and planting district through modes such as flood tide, the water storage district turns into pollutant temporary storage district, the storage water tank bottom baffle is closed, cut off the intercommunication with planting district, turn into pollutant temporary storage district, and in time adopt the handling modes such as adsorb the pollutant to planting district surface pollutant, wash the pollutant and also get into pollutant temporary storage district in the storage water tank, and in time adopt handling modes such as adsorb the pollutant, the extraction, the baffle is closed down at the spacing of slide rail, the water inlet is pulled to the baffle, the stay cord then pulls the upward movement of iron shell stopper, the drain pipe is opened, the evacuation washs sewage, thoroughly clear up the storage water tank, the in-process that the iron shell stopper moved drives the sliding sleeve at the surface of grudging post, carry out spacing and direction to the removal of iron shell stopper, the circumstances that the skew appears when having avoided the iron shell stopper to cover again on the drain pipe, the stability of iron shell stopper has been improved.
5. This application uses through the cooperation of fixing device, screwed pipe, threaded rod and arc backup pad, prefabricated fixing device has increased the stability that three backing roll base that comprises screwed pipe and threaded rod supported, rotates the screwed pipe afterwards for two threaded rods are moved in opposite directions, realize carrying out the triangle to the mangrove and support, support rod length according to the adjustment of best supporting point position, prevent that the mangrove from lodging, support rod front portion sets up the arc backup pad, establishes buffer rubber (or other materials) gasket in the arc backup pad, not only increases frictional force, also reduces the destruction to trunk surface through the buffering.
6. The wave eliminating effect of the following design structural parameters is best, namely, the wave preventing steel wire mesh gabion is arranged along the sea surface, the width is 60cm, and the height is 40cm; the wave eliminating piers are semicircular, the diameter is 25cm, and the longitudinal and transverse spacing is 20cm and 40cm respectively; the slope gradient is 20 degrees, researches show that the longitudinal and transverse distances of the wave-dissipating piers have larger influence on the wave-dissipating effect, the distance is too dense, the wave-dissipating effect is obvious, but the wave-dissipating amount is too low, which is unfavorable for the preparation and the recovery growth of ecological areas, and meanwhile, the construction cost is increased. The slope of the side slope has no obvious effect on the wave elimination, and the surmounting amount of the slope between 15 and 25 degrees is beneficial to the recovery and growth of mangrove vegetation in the ecological area.
7. COD, SS, NH3-N and TP are common pollutants in sea surface oil spill, the removal rate of the pollutants is directly related to the arrangement of dense nets and adsorption materials in an ecological area, and experiments prove that the 304 stainless steel dense nets (20 meshes are 22 meshes) +3mm thick polypropylene oil absorption felt has the best pollutant removal effect, can remove COD, SS, NH-N and TP which are common main pollutants in sea surface oil spill, can play a better adsorption role, and the two components complement each other in cooperation with each other, so that the combined action effect is better.
8. The research shows that the salinity of soil is 2-8 per mill, and the surface soil is cleaned according to the mass ratio: sea mud with salt content of 2 per mill: sea sand: polyacrylamide: plant ash = 5:7:1.5:0.3:2, mixing to form a matrix, which is most beneficial to the growth of mangrove plants and can improve the survival rate of mangrove plant communities after transplanting, wherein polyacrylamide is used as an additive with water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining properties, the plant ash also has the water-retaining effect, and the nutrient slow-release effect can further maintain the root in a higher humidity range, promote the rooting growth of mangrove plants and improve the survival rate.
9. Full shading is carried out 10 days before temporary planting, and a half shading mode is adopted after the full shading is carried out 10 days. In addition, the higher soil humidity is also obviously influenced on the survival rate, and the survival rate is influenced by the too low humidity. Compared with the experiment without adopting the natural flooding bionic mode irrigation mode, the natural flooding bionic mode irrigation mode after 1 month is beneficial to survival of the mangrove forest, and the natural flooding bionic mode irrigation mode after 1 month is beneficial to survival and growth of the mangrove forest, and has a large influence on the survival rate transplanted into the slope planting area.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, are included to provide a further understanding of the application and to provide a further understanding of the application with regard to the other features, objects and advantages of the application. The drawings of the illustrative embodiments of the present application and their descriptions are for the purpose of illustrating the present application and are not to be construed as unduly limiting the present application. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present application.
Fig. 2 is a schematic top view of the ecological area structure of the present application.
Fig. 3 is a schematic front view in cross section of the structure of the ecological area of the present application.
Reference numerals illustrate: 1. road (E); 2. coastal side slopes; 3. spherical wave eliminating piers; 4. wave-proof steel wire mesh gabion; 5. a water storage tank; 6. a triangle area; 7. a watertight net; 8. mangrove forests; 9. a cement baffle; 10. oyster shell; 11. a water inlet; 12. a slide rail; 13. a baffle; 14. a water permeable mesh; 15. a drain tube; 16. a vertical frame; 17. a fixed pulley; 18. an iron shell plug; 19. a sliding sleeve; 20. a pull rope; 21. a fixing device; 22. a threaded tube; 23. a threaded rod; 24. an arc-shaped supporting plate.
Detailed Description
In order to make the present application solution better understood by those skilled in the art, the following description will be made in detail and with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application, it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments herein without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the present application.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present application and the above figures are used for distinguishing between similar objects and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used may be interchanged where appropriate in order to describe the embodiments of the present application described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
In the present application, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "middle", "vertical", "horizontal", "lateral", "longitudinal" and the like indicate an azimuth or a positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings. These terms are used primarily to better describe the present application and its embodiments and are not intended to limit the indicated device, element or component to a particular orientation or to be constructed and operated in a particular orientation.
Also, some of the terms described above may be used to indicate other meanings in addition to orientation or positional relationships, for example, the term "upper" may also be used to indicate some sort of attachment or connection in some cases. The specific meaning of these terms in this application will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.
In addition, the term "plurality" shall mean two as well as more than two.
It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments.
The present application is described in further detail below in conjunction with figures 1-3.
Example 1:
1-3, the embodiment of the application discloses a mangrove plant ecological restoration system in the coastal highway occupation area, which adopts the following technical scheme: the ecological restoration system for mangrove plants in the coastal highway occupation area comprises an ecological area in the middle of a coastal side slope 2 on the right side of a highway 1, a wave-resistant steel wire mesh gabion 4 is arranged at the position, close to the sea level, of the coastal side slope 2, a plurality of spherical wave-dissipating piers 3 are arranged on the coastal side slope 2, the ecological area comprises a water storage tank 5 pre-buried in the middle of the coastal side slope 2 and a planting area positioned on the right side of the water storage tank 5, the planting area consists of a plurality of triangular areas 6, mangrove plants 8 are planted on the triangular areas 6, a permeable net 7 is arranged at the top of the water storage tank 5 in an embedded manner, a layer of oil absorbent felt is fixedly connected to the bottom of the permeable net 7, and the oil absorbent felt is polypropylene oil absorbent felt with the thickness of 3mm; cement baffles 9 are pre-buried on both sides at the top of the planting area, oyster shells 10 are paved between the two cement baffles 9, the thickness of the oyster shells 10 is 15cm, and soil in the planting area can be prevented from being eroded by seawater and taken away through the arrangement of the oyster shells 10, and garbage sundries and the like can also be prevented from entering the planting area to influence plant growth. Meanwhile, oyster shells cover the chest diameter part of plants, so that the influence of the attachment of shellfish such as barnacles on the plant trunk on the plant growth can be prevented, and the wave-resistant steel wire mesh gabion (4) is arranged on the coastal plane, and has the width of 60cm and the height of 40cm; the wave eliminating piers are semicircular, the diameter is 25cm, and the longitudinal and transverse spacing is 20cm and 40cm respectively; the slope gradient is 20 degrees. The ecological area is a concrete prefabricated structure and is positioned at the tide level in the mangrove, namely the middle part of the area from the average sea level to the average high tide level of the big tide. The bottom of the right side of the water storage tank 5 is provided with a water inlet 11, the right side of the water storage tank 5 is provided with a slide rail 12, an inner cavity of the slide rail 12 is slidably connected with a baffle 13 which is matched with the water inlet 11, the top of the right side of the baffle 13 is embedded with a water permeable net 14, through the arrangement of the water permeable net 7 and the water permeable net 14, the water permeable net 7 can block garbage sundries from entering the water storage tank 5, maintenance and cleaning are facilitated, in a water storage state, the baffle 13 is upwards opened, the bottom of the water permeable net 14 is leveled with a planting area, garbage sundries and the like above can be blocked from entering the planting area, the bottom of the water storage tank 5 is communicated with a drain pipe 15, one end of the drain pipe 15 extends to the outside of a coastal slope 2, three fixing devices 21 are embedded on the triangular area 6, the top of the fixing devices 21 extend to the top of the oyster shell 10, a threaded pipe 22 is arranged between the fixing devices 21 and the mangrove 8, the two ends of the threaded pipe 22 are both in threaded connection with the threaded rod 23, one end of the bottom threaded rod 23 is in rotary connection with the fixing device 21 through a rotary shaft, one end of the top threaded rod 23 is in rotary connection with the arc-shaped supporting plate 24 through the rotary shaft, the arc-shaped supporting plate 24 is sleeved on the trunk surface of the mangrove 8, a rubber pad is arranged on the inner side of the arc-shaped supporting plate 24, the stability of the supporting rod base support consisting of the threaded pipe 22 and the threaded rod 23 is increased through the fixing device 21, the threaded pipe 22 and the prefabricated fixing device 21 is increased, then the threaded pipe 22 is rotated, the two threaded rods 23 move away from each other, triangular support of the mangrove 8 is realized, the length of the supporting rod is adjusted according to the optimal supporting point position, the mangrove 8 is prevented from lodging, the arc-shaped supporting plate 24 is arranged at the front part of the supporting rod, and buffer rubber or other material gaskets are arranged in the arc-shaped supporting plate 24, not only increases friction, but also reduces damage to the trunk surface by cushioning.
Referring to fig. 1 and 3, a vertical frame 16 is fixedly connected to the bottom of an inner cavity of a water storage tank 5, a sliding sleeve 19 is slidingly connected to the surface of the vertical frame 16, an iron shell plug 18 is fixedly connected to one side of the sliding sleeve 19, the iron shell plug 18 is pressed at the end part of a drain pipe 15, a fixed pulley 17 is mounted at the top of the vertical frame 16, a pull rope 20 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the left side of a baffle 13, the pull rope 20 passes through the surface of the fixed pulley 17 and is fixedly connected with the iron shell plug 18, when the leakage of pollutants such as sea surface spills occurs, the water storage tank needs to be cleaned regularly (under normal use conditions), the situation of encountering sea surface spills can be used as an isolation area to facilitate cleaning and prevent the pollutants from entering a vegetation range), the water storage tank 5 is converted into a pollutant temporary storage area, and in time adopt the treatment methods such as absorption, extraction to the pollutant, wash the surface pollutant of planting district, wash the pollutant and also get into the pollutant temporary storage area in storage water tank 5, and in time take the treatment methods such as absorption, extraction to the pollutant, baffle 13 closes water inlet 11 downwards under the spacing of slide rail 12 at last, baffle 13 pulls stay cord 20 and rolls on the surface of fixed pulley 17, stay cord 20 then pulls iron shell stopper 18 upward movement, make drain 15 open, the evacuation washs sewage, thoroughly clear up storage water tank 5, the in-process that iron shell stopper 18 moved carries out the sliding sleeve 19 and moves on the surface of riser 16, spacing and direction to the removal of iron shell stopper 18, the circumstances that the skew appears when iron shell stopper 18 covers on drain 15 again has been avoided, the stability of iron shell stopper 18 has been improved.
Working principle: when the ecological management system is used, the spray of seawater is beaten on the spherical wave-dissipating piers 3 on the coastal side slope 2, then the ecological area is entered, the permeable net 14 on the baffle 13 is penetrated, then the permeable net 7 is penetrated and temporarily stored in the water storage tank 5, extra water supply is provided for the growth of mangrove 8, the permeable net 14 is matched with the permeable net 7, garbage can be prevented from falling in a planting area and entering the permeable net 7, moreover, the baffle 13 is closed, attached pollutants in the water storage tank 5 can be conveniently cleaned, the baffle 13 is opened, the pollutants can be prevented from entering the planting area, and the mangrove 8 is protected to a certain extent.
Example 2:
a method for recovering vegetation in the road occupation area of an ecological sensitive area of a mangrove wetland comprises the following steps,
step (1), determining pile number positions and mileage of roads crossing mangrove ecological sensitive areas through remote sensing interpretation images or aerial photo images; selecting a plurality of protection areas, namely mangrove forest wetland ecology sensitive areas in the coastal highway occupation area, and then carrying out field investigation on vegetation characteristics, soil conditions, water quality parameters and bird types in the areas to be protected;
step (2), on-site investigation of vegetation types and protection grades in the land occupation is divided into in-situ preservation and protection of mangrove vegetation in the land occupation and/or transplanting off-site protection;
Step (3), when the in-situ conservation and protection of mangrove vegetation in the occupation area are developed, fence is adopted for protection, so that personnel and machinery are prevented from entering and damaging; the wound is bound at the chest diameter of the trunk to prevent mechanical bruising; pruning and leaf cutting reduce the construction damage range of vegetation;
and (4) when transplanting protection of mangrove vegetation in the occupation area is developed, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
4.1 preparation before transplanting
1) Transplanting by adopting a soil ball method: the height of the tree is more than 3m, the diameter of the breast tree is more than 5cm, and the ratio of the transverse diameter of the transplanted soil ball to the crown is 1:4, the longitudinal height of the soil ball is 70% of the transverse diameter of the soil ball; the soil balls of other saplings have the diameter of 30cm; the soil ball packing can be carried out by a woven bag, a root controller or a square wooden box;
2) Measuring hanging labels: measuring the prepared trees before trimming, and recording the types, the tree heights, the breast diameters and the crown widths of each plant or cluster tree; and a label of the number, the crown information and the root soil ball size is tied on the tree.
3) Pruning: pruning branches and crowns of transplanted trees in order to facilitate root cutting, digging and later transplanting maintenance; after the basic skeleton of the crown is reserved, pruning excessive branches, overlapped branches, rotten branches, drooping branches, overgrown branches and pest branches, and pruning the non-lignified parts of the saplings with the tops; after cutting branches with the diameter of more than 3cm, coating a preservative or wrapping a cutting opening to prevent evaporation and decay of water; the pruning amount of the branches and leaves is 1/3;
4) Binding: crown binding, namely moderately binding the crowns by ropes so as to facilitate the digging and transplanting of broken roots, and sequentially shrinking and binding inwards from top to bottom; when the thick branches are pricked, flexible matters are padded on the rope part to prevent the trees from being broken or contused; trunk bundling, wrapping trunks and large branches of transplanted trees with chest diameters of more than 8cm, winding by using straw ropes, winding from rhizomes to branch points, playing a role in reducing mechanical damage in evaporation and transplanting processes, and dismantling according to tree recovery conditions after field planting;
4.2 root-cutting excavation packing
1) Root cutting excavation
The original mangrove plant has higher density in the young stage, the distance of the tree base is short, when the root is cut off, the cut-off openings are arranged from the edge of the tree to the inside of the forest, the places with larger tree intervals are cut-off openings, the cut-off openings are excavated in small blocks, and the soil penetration depth is 50cm; when the excavated soil blocks have a plurality of saplings or seedlings, the saplings or seedlings can be separated into different plants, the plants can be separated into bags, and the clumps of the plants can not be separated into bags; the thicker root is cut off by a sharp pruning shear or a hand saw to be flush with the inner wall of the ditch, 200mg/L rooting powder is smeared at the wound, so that the root heals at the fracture of the root, new roots are bred, and the survival rate is improved;
2) Packaging
The straw ropes are combined with the cloth belts for packing, and before packing, the packing ropes are soaked in water for wetting, so that the toughness of the packing materials is enhanced, and the brittle fracture and lifting breakage caused by bundling are reduced;
4.3 seedling lifting transportation and temporary planting
Loading the packed transplanting tree, and transporting the transplanting tree to a planting area for temporary planting recovery; the planting area is a temporary land for a highway slope;
the depth of the temporary planting pit is not lower than the height of the soil ball, the temporary planting pit is provided with a drainage ditch for preventing root system water accumulation in rainy season, and a shading facility is arranged;
the full shading management is carried out on the temporarily planted tree within 10 days before temporary planting, and shading is carried out from 10 am to 4 pm after 10 days; after the shading net is fully shaded for 20 days, the shading net is completely cut off, so that the tree is suitable for the full-illumination habitat condition; during the temporary planting period, water is sprayed 1 time every 2 hours in the daytime in the first 10 days, and the soil humidity is 95%; after 10 days, the germination of the root system is gradually increased, the water spraying quantity is properly reduced according to the growth vigor of the root system, and the soil humidity is 75%; after 1 month of temporary planting, the root system basically recovers to grow, and the natural tidal flooding bionic mode irrigation under the full illumination condition is adopted, namely, the daily early and late seawater flooding irrigation is adopted until the soil surface has surplus seawater to remain, so that the natural growth environment is gradually adapted;
and (5) constructing an ecological restoration system of a side slope of a highway in an ecological sensitive area of the mangrove wetland, which specifically comprises the following steps:
5.1, constructing the mangrove plant ecological restoration system in the coastal highway occupation area according to the position elevation of the highway greening restoration suitable forest area, wherein the ecological area comprises a water storage tank and a planting area positioned on the right side of the water storage tank, the planting area consists of a plurality of triangular areas, and mangrove plants are planted on the triangular areas; the planting areas of the slope are multiple rows and multiple gradients;
5.2, transplanting the temporarily planted mangrove plants of different types to a planting area according to different heights, and backfilling planting soil, wherein the planting soil is soil with construction surface cleaning, meets the soil salinity of less than 2 per mill, and is directly used as backfill soil; if the salinity of the soil is 2-8 per mill, the surface soil is cleaned according to the mass ratio: sea mud with salt content of 2 per mill: sea sand: polyacrylamide: plant ash = 5:7:1.5:0.3:2, mixing to form sea mud with the salt content of 2 per mill according to the mass ratio when the salinity of soil is more than 8 per mill: sea sand: red loam: polyacrylamide: plant ash = 10:1.5:2:0.3:2, mixing to form backfill soil, wherein the red loam soil is doped with organic fertilizer with salt content of 2 per mill;
5.3, paving a solid soil layer on the planting soil, wherein the solid soil layer sequentially comprises a geotechnical cloth layer and a plant fiber layer which are laminated; the thickness of the plant fiber layer is 5cm, the plant fiber layer is a plant fiber pad, and the lap joint width between two adjacent plant fiber pads is larger than 15cm;
5.4, paving the oyster shells on the solid soil layer, wherein the thickness of the oyster shells is 15cm;
5.5 triangular supports are fixed, and the arc-shaped supporting plates are sleeved on the surfaces of the trunk chest diameter positions of mangrove plants.
Test one: influence of the structural parameters of the present application on the surging amount
The test method comprises the following steps: the method and the device have the advantages that the wave elimination test is carried out through the artificial simulation laboratory, and the influence of the structural parameters of the method and the device on the wave elimination of the mangrove ecological restoration area is researched according to the model proportion of 1:10. According to the wave making conditions of the test water tank, three groups of wave heights, 5cm,8cm and 11cm, and a period of 1.5s are selected, and the average wave surmounting amount of each test is measured, wherein the unit is 10 -3 m 3 /ms。
TABLE 1 influence of the structural parameters of the present application on the surging amount
Test results: the wave eliminating effect of the following design structural parameters is best, namely, the wave preventing steel wire mesh gabion is arranged along the sea surface, the width is 60cm, and the height is 40cm; the wave eliminating piers are semicircular, the diameter is 25cm, and the longitudinal and transverse spacing is 20cm and 40cm respectively; slope grade is 20 degrees; the specification of the gabion, the appearance of the wave-dissipating pier, the longitudinal and transverse distances and the gradient influence the wave-dissipating effect of the slope, and the specification of the gabion and the diameter of the wave-dissipating pier are too small to facilitate wave dissipation; the research shows that the longitudinal and transverse distances of the wave-dissipating piers have larger influence on the wave-dissipating effect, the spacing is too dense, the wave-dissipating effect is obvious, but the wave-dissipating amount is too low, which is unfavorable for the preparation and the recovery growth of ecological areas, and meanwhile, the construction cost is increased. The slope of the side slope has no obvious effect on the wave elimination, and the surmounting amount of the slope between 15 and 25 degrees is beneficial to the recovery and growth of mangrove vegetation in the ecological area. By combining the structure, the surging amount can not be smaller and better, and the water storage function of the water storage tank of the ecological area of the structure needs to be considered, and experiments prove that the surging amount is 3.5-4.5 (10) -3 m 3 /ms) can realize the water storage function and provide sufficient water for the growth of mangrove plants.
And (2) testing II: influence of the structure of the application on the removal effect of pollutants in an ecological area
The test method comprises the following steps: the application is simulated manuallyWhen the laboratory is used for carrying out leakage conditions of pollutants such as sea surface oil spill and the like, the ecological area has influence on the pollutant removal effect, wherein polypropylene (PP) oil-absorbing felts with different specifications are fixed under different water-permeable dense nets, the thickness is 2-5mm, 10L of water samples are completely passed through the oil removal area, and COD, SS, NH in the water samples purified by the system is measured 3 -removal of N and TP, wherein each test group was averaged 3 times.
TABLE 2 Effect of the structures of the present application on the removal of pollutants from an ecological region
Test results: as shown in Table 2, COD, SS, NH-N and TP are common pollutants in sea surface oil spill, the removal rate of the pollutants is directly related to the arrangement of dense nets and adsorption materials in an ecological area, and experiments prove that the combination of the stainless steel dense nets (20 meshes of 22 meshes) +3mm thick polypropylene oil-absorbing felt in test example 7 has the best pollutant removal effect, can remove the common main pollutants COD, SS, NH-N and TP in sea surface oil spill, can also play a better adsorption role, and the two components complement each other in cooperation, so that the combined effect is better. And from test 8, the mesh number of the dense net is too small and too dense, which is unfavorable for removing pollutants, mainly because the water permeable effect is poor and sewage can not pass through in time. The comparative examples (test examples 9 to 10) were not excellent in the effect of using any one of the materials alone as the oil removing layer. Meanwhile, the research shows that the thickness of the oil absorption felt influences the adsorption effect of pollutants, the excessive thickness is unfavorable for passing through the oil absorption layer, and the excessively thin adsorption effect is poor, so that the pollutant removal effect of the polypropylene oil absorption felt with the thickness of 3mm is optimal.
And (3) test III: influence of different temporary planting recovery methods and cultivation matrix proportions on mangrove vegetation transplanting recovery conditions
The test method comprises the following steps: the influence of different temporary planting recovery methods and cultivation matrix proportions on the transplanting recovery growth of mangrove forest vegetation is compared, the different temporary planting recovery methods and the different matrix proportions (the salinity of soil of surface soil is 2-8 per mill) are compared, mangrove forest community plants transplanted in surface cleaning are transplanted into an ecological area under the protection of a mangrove forest area through the recovery method of the embodiment 2, 20 plants are treated for each temporary planting and transplanting respectively, and the average transplanting survival rate after 3 months of temporary planting and 1 year of transplanting is measured.
TABLE 3 effects of the method for recovering the temporary plants and the cultivation matrix on the survival rate of transplanting in mangrove forest
Test results: most of the surface soil has higher salt content and does not meet the cultivation standard, for example, the salinity of the soil is 2-8 per mill, and the surface soil is prepared by the following steps of: sea mud with salt content of 2 per mill: sea sand: polyacrylamide: plant ash = 5:7:1.5:0.3:2, mixing to form a matrix, which is most beneficial to the growth of mangrove plants and can improve the survival rate of mangrove plant communities after transplanting, wherein polyacrylamide is used as an additive with water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining properties, the plant ash also has the water-retaining effect, and the nutrient slow-release effect can further maintain the root in a higher humidity range, promote the rooting growth of mangrove plants and improve the survival rate.
Full shading management is carried out on the temporarily planted tree within 10 days before temporary planting, and half shading (shading from 10 am to 4 pm) is carried out after 10 days; after the shading net is fully shaded for 20 days, the shading net is completely cut off, so that the tree is suitable for the full-illumination habitat condition; during the temporary planting period, water is sprayed 1 time every 1-2 hours in the day 10 days before, and the soil humidity is 95%; after 10 days, the germination of the root system is gradually increased, the water spraying quantity is properly reduced according to the growth vigor of the root system, and the sudden humidity is not lower than 75%; after 1 month of temporary planting, the root system basically recovers to grow, and the bionic mode irrigation of natural tide flooding under the condition of full illumination is adopted, namely, the natural tide flooding irrigation is carried out on the morning and evening daily seawater until the surplus seawater remains on the soil surface, so that the natural growth environment is gradually adapted finally, and the temporary planting cultivation condition is most favorable for the survival of the mangrove plant in temporary planting and better recovery of the growth after transplanting. The research shows that the total shading time is too short, the survival of the mangrove forest temporary planting is affected, the total shading is carried out 10 days before temporary planting, and the half shading mode is adopted after 10 days. In addition, the higher soil humidity is also obviously influenced on the survival rate, and the survival rate is influenced by the too low humidity. Compared with the experiment without adopting the natural flooding bionic mode irrigation mode, the natural flooding bionic mode irrigation mode after 1 month is beneficial to survival of the mangrove forest, and the natural flooding bionic mode irrigation mode after 1 month is beneficial to survival and growth of the mangrove forest, and has a large influence on the survival rate transplanted into the slope planting area.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the same, but rather, various modifications and variations may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (6)
1. The mangrove plant ecological restoration system in the coastal highway occupation area is characterized in that: the ecological area comprises a water storage tank (5) pre-buried in the middle of a coastal side slope (2) at one side of a highway (1) and a planting area positioned on the right side of the water storage tank (5), wherein the planting area consists of a plurality of triangular areas (6), mangrove plants (8) are planted on the triangular areas (6), a watertight net (7) is embedded in the top of the water storage tank (5), a layer of oil absorption felt is fixedly connected to the bottom of the watertight net (7), cement baffles (9) are pre-buried at two sides of the top of the planting area, a water inlet (11) is formed in the bottom of the right side of the water storage tank (5), a slide rail (12) is arranged on the right side of the water storage tank (5), a baffle (13) matched with the water inlet (11) is slidingly connected to the inner cavity of the slide rail (12), a drain pipe (15) is communicated with the bottom of the water storage tank (5), and one end of the drain pipe (15) extends to the outside of the coastal side slope (2); a water permeable net (14) is embedded at the top of the right side of the baffle (13); the coastal side slope (2) is provided with a wave-resistant steel wire mesh gabion (4) at a position close to the sea level, and a plurality of spherical wave-dissipating piers (3) are arranged on the coastal side slope (2);
An oyster shell (10) is paved between the two cement baffles (9), and the thickness of the oyster shell (10) is 10-20cm; the oil absorption felt is polypropylene oil absorption felt, and the thickness is 3mm;
the bottom of the inner cavity of the water storage tank (5) is fixedly connected with a stand (16), the surface of the stand (16) is connected with a sliding sleeve (19) in a sliding manner, one side of the sliding sleeve (19) is fixedly connected with an iron shell plug (18), and the iron shell plug (18) is pressed at the end part of the drain pipe (15);
the top of the vertical frame (16) is provided with a fixed pulley (17), the bottom of the left side of the baffle (13) is fixedly connected with a pull rope (20), and the pull rope (20) passes through the surface of the fixed pulley (17) and is fixedly connected with an iron shell plug (18);
three fixing devices (21) are pre-buried on the triangular area (6), the fixing devices (21) are fixed on the outer wall of the triangular area (6), a threaded pipe (22) is arranged between the fixing devices (21) and mangrove plants (8), threaded rods (23) are connected to two ends of the threaded pipe (22) in a threaded mode, one end of the bottom threaded rod (23) is rotatably connected with the fixing devices (21) through a rotating shaft, one end of the top threaded rod (23) is rotatably connected with an arc-shaped supporting plate (24) through the rotating shaft, and the arc-shaped supporting plate (24) is sleeved on the surface of the trunk chest diameter of the mangrove plants (8); a rubber pad is arranged on the inner side of the arc-shaped supporting plate (24).
2. The mangrove plant ecological restoration system in a coastal highway footprint of claim 1, wherein: the wave-resistant steel wire mesh gabion (4) is arranged on the coastal plane, the width is 60cm, and the height is 40cm; the wave eliminating piers are semicircular, the diameter is 25cm, and the longitudinal and transverse spacing is 20cm and 40cm respectively; the slope gradient is 20 degrees.
3. The mangrove plant ecological restoration system in a coastal highway footprint of claim 1, wherein: the ecological area is a concrete prefabricated structure and is positioned at the tide level in the mangrove, namely the middle part of the area from the average sea level to the average high tide level of the big tide.
4. A method for recovering vegetation in the road occupation area of an ecologically sensitive area of a mangrove wetland by adopting the ecological recovery system as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: comprises the following steps of the method,
step (1), determining pile number positions and mileage of roads crossing mangrove ecological sensitive areas through remote sensing interpretation images or aerial photo images; selecting a plurality of protection areas, namely mangrove forest wetland ecology sensitive areas in the coastal highway occupation area, and then carrying out field investigation on vegetation features in the areas to be protected;
step (2), on-site investigation of vegetation types and protection grades in the land occupation is divided into in-situ preservation and protection of mangrove vegetation in the land occupation and/or transplanting off-site protection;
Step (3), when the in-situ conservation and protection of mangrove vegetation in the occupation area are developed, fence is adopted for protection, so that personnel and machinery are prevented from entering and damaging; the wound is bound at the chest diameter of the trunk to prevent mechanical bruising; pruning and leaf cutting reduce the construction damage range of vegetation;
step (4), when transplanting and off-site protection of mangrove vegetation in the land occupation area is carried out, the transplanting and temporary planting protection is specific;
the construction of the mangrove plant ecological restoration system in the coastal highway occupation area comprises the following steps:
5.1 constructing the ecological restoration system according to the position elevation of the highway greening restoration suitable forest area, wherein the ecological restoration system comprises an ecological area in the middle of a side slope (2) on the coast side of a highway (1), the ecological area comprises a water storage tank (5) and a planting area positioned on the right side of the water storage tank (5), the planting area consists of a plurality of triangular areas (6), and mangrove plants (8) are planted on the triangular areas (6); the planting areas of the slope are multiple rows and multiple gradients;
5.2, transplanting the temporarily planted mangrove plants of different types to corresponding planting areas according to different heights, and backfilling planting soil;
5.3, paving a solid soil layer on the planting soil, wherein the solid soil layer sequentially comprises a geotechnical cloth layer and a plant fiber layer which are laminated; the thickness of the plant fiber layer is 3-5cm, the plant fiber layer is a plant fiber pad or a hemp and coconut soil fixing blanket, and the lap joint width of two adjacent plant fiber pads or hemp and coconut soil fixing blankets is larger than 15cm;
5.4 paving the oyster shell (10) on the solid soil layer, wherein the thickness of the oyster shell layer is 15cm;
5.5 triangular support is fixed, and an arc-shaped support plate (24) is sleeved on the surface of the trunk breast diameter of the mangrove plant (8).
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein: step (4), performing full shading management on the temporarily planted tree within 10 days before temporary planting, wherein shading is performed from 10 am to 4 pm after 10 days; after the shading net is fully shaded for 20 days, the shading net is completely cut off, so that the tree is suitable for the full-illumination habitat condition; during the temporary planting period, water is sprayed 1 time every 1-2 hours in the day 10 days before, and the soil humidity is 85-95%; after 10 days, the germination of the root system is gradually increased, the water spraying quantity is properly reduced according to the growth vigor of the root system, and the soil humidity is not lower than 75%; after 1 month of temporary planting, the root system is basically recovered to grow, and the natural tidal flooding bionic mode irrigation under the full illumination condition is adopted, namely, the daily early and late seawater flooding irrigation is adopted until the soil surface has surplus seawater to remain, so that the natural tidal natural flooding natural growth environment is gradually adapted.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein: the planting soil in the step (5) is soil with construction surface cleaning, the salinity of the soil is less than 2 per mill, and the planting soil is directly used as backfill soil; if the salinity of the soil is 2-8 per mill, the surface soil is cleaned according to the mass ratio: sea mud with salt content of 2 per mill: sea sand: polyacrylamide: plant ash=5:7 (1.5-2.5): (0.3-0.5): the (1-2) is mixed to form sea mud with the salt content of 2 per mill according to the mass ratio when the salinity of soil is more than 8 per mill: sea sand: red loam: polyacrylamide: plant ash = 10: (1.5-2.5): (1.5-2): (0.3-0.5): and (1-2) mixing to form the backfill soil, wherein the red loam soil is doped with an organic fertilizer with the salt content of 2 per mill.
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