CN117176097B - Automatic gain control method for heart sound digital sampling system and heart sound digital sampling system - Google Patents
Automatic gain control method for heart sound digital sampling system and heart sound digital sampling system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an automatic gain control method of a heart sound digital sampling system and the heart sound digital sampling system, the automatic gain control method of the heart sound digital sampling system comprises the following steps: amplifying the acquired heart sound signals through an amplifying unit to obtain actual sampling values; analog-to-digital conversion is carried out on the actual sampling value through an analog-to-digital converter to obtain a heart sound digital signal; the gain of the amplifying unit is adjusted by the microprocessor based on the maximum theoretical sampling value of the analog-to-digital converter and the maximum actual sampling value of the actual sampling value and a preset threshold value. According to the automatic gain control method of the heart sound digital sampling system and the heart sound digital sampling system, the microprocessor is used for controlling the gain of the amplifying unit based on the maximum theoretical sampling value of the analog-to-digital converter and the maximum actual sampling value of the actual sampling value and the preset threshold value, so that the sampling value of the analog-to-digital converter of the heart sound signal is ensured to fall in the optimal range of the theoretical sampling range of the analog-to-digital converter, and the sampling amplitude and the sampling precision of the heart sound signal are ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of medical equipment, in particular to an automatic gain control method of a heart sound digital sampling system and the heart sound digital sampling system.
Background
The heart sound collection amplitude is different for different people, even if the same person collects heart sound at different collection points. Therefore, during the processing of heart sounds, the amplification of the signal needs to be changed to meet the requirement of maintaining the signal at an optimal dynamic range during the conversion of the analog-to-digital converter. In the heart sound detection scheme in which the analog-to-digital converter directly samples, an AGC circuit is typically provided and an analog AGC control circuit is employed.
As shown in fig. 1, the level detector, the low-pass filter and the dc amplifier form an analog AGC control circuit, the level detector detects the level from the output end of the controllable gain amplifier, removes interference through the low-pass filter, amplifies the signal through the dc amplifier, and sends the signal to the voltage comparator for comparison, and controls the gain of the controllable gain amplifier based on the relation between the voltage amplitude of the signal amplified by the dc amplifier and the reference voltage Up. The existing adoption of the analog AGC circuit can bring the problems of low control precision, slow response and complex sampling control structure of the whole analog AGC circuit.
The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an automatic gain control method of a heart sound digital sampling system and the heart sound digital sampling system, which can solve the problems that an ultra-dynamic range is caused by overlarge input signals or the optimal dynamic range cannot be maintained due to overlarge input signals in the conversion process of an analog-to-digital converter of a heart sound stethoscope directly adopted by the analog-to-digital converter, and meanwhile, the problems that an analog AGC circuit is slow in response, the circuit sampling control is complex and the control precision is low.
To achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides an automatic gain control method for a heart sound digital sampling system, including:
amplifying the heart sound signals acquired in at least one heart sound period signal by an amplifying unit to obtain an actual sampling value;
analog-to-digital conversion is carried out on the actual sampling value based on the reference voltage through an analog-to-digital converter to obtain a heart sound digital signal;
The gain of the amplifying unit is adjusted by the microprocessor based on the maximum theoretical sampling value of the analog-to-digital converter and the relation between the maximum actual sampling value of the actual sampling value and a preset threshold value.
In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the maximum actual sampling value must be smaller than the maximum theoretical sampling value, that is, the difference between the maximum theoretical sampling value and the maximum actual sampling value is smaller than a preset threshold value, the gain of the amplifying unit is reduced, and if the difference between one half of the maximum theoretical sampling value and the maximum actual sampling value is greater than the preset threshold value, the gain of the amplifying unit is increased.
In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the feedback coefficient of the amplifying unit is adjusted to reduce or increase the gain of the amplifying unit by calculating the difference between the maximum theoretical sampling value and the maximum actual sampling value in real time by the microprocessor.
In one or more embodiments of the invention, the feedback coefficient is changed by the microprocessor adjusting the size of the feedback digital potentiometer of the amplification unit feedback loop.
In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the next heart sound digital sampling system is entered into automatic gain control after the gain adjustment of the amplifying unit is completed and maintained at least in one heart sound periodic signal.
The invention also discloses a heart sound digital sampling system, which comprises an amplifying unit, an analog-to-digital converter and a microprocessor: the output end of the amplifying unit is connected with the first input end of the analog-to-digital converter, the second input end of the analog-to-digital converter is connected with the reference voltage, and the microprocessor is connected with the output end of the analog-to-digital converter and the amplifying unit.
In one or more embodiments of the invention, the amplifying unit comprises an amplifier, a first input (forward input) of which is used for inputting the heart sound signal, and a feedback loop, which is connected to a second input (directional input) of the amplifier and to an output of the amplifier for adjusting the gain of the amplifier, and the microprocessor is connected to the feedback loop for adjusting the feedback coefficient of the feedback loop.
In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the feedback loop includes a resistor and a feedback digital potentiometer, a first end of the resistor is connected to a second input of the amplifier and a first end of the feedback digital potentiometer, a second end of the resistor is connected to a ground voltage, a second end of the feedback digital potentiometer is connected to an output of the amplifier, and an adjustment control end of the feedback digital potentiometer is connected to the controller.
Compared with the prior art, according to the automatic gain control method of the heart sound digital sampling system and the heart sound digital sampling system, the microprocessor is used for controlling the gain of the amplifying unit based on the relation between the maximum theoretical sampling value of the analog-to-digital converter and the maximum actual sampling value of the actual sampling value and the preset threshold value, so that when heart sound signals are different in size due to the change of heart sound signal acquisition individuals and acquisition positions, the sampling value of the analog-to-digital converter of the heart sound signals is ensured to fall in the optimal range of the theoretical sampling range of the analog-to-digital converter, and the sampling amplitude and the sampling precision of the heart sound signals are ensured.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a heart sound collection processing circuit in the prior art.
Fig. 2 is a circuit schematic of a heart sound digital sampling system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart of an automatic gain control method of a heart sound digital sampling system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a preset threshold value according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
Specific embodiments of the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings, but it should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.
Throughout the specification and claims, unless explicitly stated otherwise, the term "comprise" or variations thereof such as "comprises" or "comprising", etc. will be understood to include the stated element or component without excluding other elements or components.
The term "coupled" or "connected" in this specification includes both direct and indirect connections. An indirect connection is a connection made through an intermediary, such as an electrically conductive medium, which may have parasitic inductance or parasitic capacitance; indirect connections may also include connections through other active or passive devices, such as through circuits or components such as switches, follower circuits, and the like, that accomplish the same or similar functional objectives. Furthermore, in the present invention, terms such as "first," "second," and the like, are used primarily to distinguish one technical feature from another, and do not necessarily require or imply a certain actual relationship, number or order between the technical features.
As shown in fig. 2, a heart sound digital sampling system includes: an amplifying unit 10, an analog-to-digital converter ADC and a microprocessor MCU.
The output end of the amplifying unit 10 is connected with the first input end of the analog-to-digital converter ADC, the second input end of the analog-to-digital converter ADC is connected with the reference voltage Vr, and the microprocessor MCU is connected with the output end of the analog-to-digital converter ADC and the amplifying unit 10.
The amplifying unit 10 includes an amplifier OPA and a feedback loop. The first input end (forward input end) of the amplifier OPA is used for inputting the heart sound signal V s, the feedback loop is connected with the second input end (reverse input end) of the amplifier OPA and the output end of the amplifier OPA, and the microprocessor MCU is connected with the feedback loop to adjust the feedback coefficient of the feedback loop.
The feedback loop comprises a resistor R1 and a feedback digital potentiometer R2. The first end of the resistor R1 is connected with the second input end of the amplifier OPA and the first end of the feedback digital potentiometer R2, the second end of the resistor R1 is connected with the ground voltage, the second end of the feedback digital potentiometer R2 is connected with the output end of the amplifier OPA, and the adjusting control end of the feedback digital potentiometer R2 is connected with the microprocessor MCU.
The gain of the amplifying unit 10 is determined by the following formula:
R 1 is the resistance of the resistor R1, R 2 is the resistance of the feedback digital potentiometer R2, V 0 is the output signal of the amplifier OPA and is also the actual sampling signal of the analog-to-digital converter ADC, and V 0 can be adjusted by adjusting the resistance R 2 of the feedback digital potentiometer R2, so that the sampling signal is in the optimal dynamic range of the analog-to-digital converter ADC, namely, the maximum sampling value of the sampling signal is ensured, and the sampling signal is not distorted. V r is the reference voltage of the ADC, when V 0 is greater than V r, the sampled signal collected by the ADC exceeds the sampling interval to cause distortion, and when V 0 is far less than V r, the dynamic range of the sample is greatly compressed, and the sampling accuracy of the ADC on the sampled signal is reduced.
Therefore, the decision that the actual sampled signal V 0 is undistorted is that the sampling maximum of the sampled signal V 0 does not exceed the sampling interval of the analog-to-digital converter ADC.
As shown in fig. 3, based on the above-mentioned heart sound digital sampling system, the invention also discloses an automatic gain control method of the heart sound digital sampling system, comprising the following steps:
the actual sampled signal V 0 is obtained by amplifying the heart sound signal V s acquired in at least one heart sound period signal by the amplifying unit 10.
The actual sampling signal V 0 is analog-to-digital converted into a heart sound digital signal based on the reference voltage Vr by an analog-to-digital converter ADC.
The gain of the amplifying unit 10 is adjusted by the microprocessor MCU based on the relation between the maximum theoretical sample value of the analog-to-digital converter ADC and the maximum actual sample value V 0max of the actual sample signal V 0 and the preset threshold value δ.
The maximum theoretical sampling value of the analog-to-digital converter ADC can be obtained according to the specific type of the analog-to-digital converter ADC, for example, the sampling interval of the 12bit analog-to-digital converter ADC is 0-4096, and then the maximum theoretical sampling value of the analog-to-digital converter ADC is 4096; the sampling interval of the 16bit analog-digital converter ADC is 0-65536, and then the maximum theoretical sampling value is 65536.
Specifically, the microprocessor MCU can be used for controlling the following steps: if the 12bit analog-digital converter is used, the maximum theoretical sampling value is 4096, when the difference between the maximum theoretical sampling value and the maximum actual sampling value V 0max is smaller than the preset threshold value delta, the feedback digital potentiometer R2 of the amplifying unit 10 is controlled, the gain of the amplifying unit 10 is reduced, and when the difference between the maximum theoretical sampling value and the maximum actual sampling value V 0max is larger than the preset threshold value delta, the feedback digital potentiometer R2 of the amplifying unit 10 is controlled, and the gain of the amplifying unit 10 is improved.
As shown in fig. 4, the preset threshold value δ is a range value between the maximum theoretical sampling value and the maximum actual sampling value V 0max or a range value between 0 and the minimum actual sampling value V 0min, and in actual sampling, the sampling interval of the analog-to-digital converter ADC is 0 to 4096 (the maximum sampling value of 12 bitADC), so the maximum actual sampling value V 0max and the minimum actual sampling value V 0min should fall within the range of 0 to 4096.
In order to ensure that the maximum actual sampling value V 0max can be within the optimal dynamic acquisition range of the ADC and is not easy to oversample, a preset threshold value δ is set, and the corresponding sampling value is C δ. For example, we want to limit the maximum actual sampling value V 0max to 6% of the maximum theoretical sampling value of the 12-bit ADC, and the preset threshold δ is 3% of the maximum theoretical sampling value of the 12-bit ADC, and the corresponding sampling value C δ is equal to 4096×0.03 and is approximately equal to 123, where if the difference between the maximum theoretical sampling value and the difference between the maximum actual sampling value V 0max and the minimum actual sampling value V 0min is less than 2δ (i.e. 246), the gain of the amplifying unit 10 is reduced, and if the difference between the maximum theoretical sampling value and the difference between the maximum actual sampling value V 0max and the minimum actual sampling value V 0min is greater than 2δ (i.e. 246), the gain of the amplifying unit 10 is increased.
In one embodiment, the feedback coefficient of the amplifying unit 10 is adjusted by the microprocessor MCU to reduce or increase the gain of the amplifying unit 10. Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the feedback coefficient can be changed by adjusting the feedback digital potentiometer R2 of the amplifying unit 10 by the microprocessor MCU, that isIncreasing the resistance of the feedback digital potentiometer R2 increases the gain of the amplifying unit 10, and decreasing the resistance of the feedback digital potentiometer R2 decreases the gain of the amplifying unit 10.
After the gain adjustment of the amplifying unit 10 is completed and maintained in at least one heart sound period signal, the gain adjustment of the next heart sound period signal is entered, so that the amplifying unit 10 does not need to be frequently adjusted, and control is prevented from being not converged due to the too frequent adjustment.
The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention are presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings or may be acquired from other forms, structures, arrangements, proportions, and with other components, materials and parts. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain the principles of the invention and its practical application to thereby enable others skilled in the art to make and utilize the invention in various exemplary embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. An automatic gain control method for a heart sound digital sampling system, comprising the steps of:
amplifying the heart sound signals acquired in at least one heart sound period signal by an amplifying unit to obtain an actual sampling value;
analog-to-digital conversion is carried out on the actual sampling value based on the reference voltage through an analog-to-digital converter to obtain a heart sound digital signal;
The gain of the amplifying unit is adjusted by the microprocessor based on the relation between the maximum theoretical sampling value of the analog-to-digital converter and the maximum actual sampling value of the actual sampling value and a preset threshold value, if the difference between the maximum theoretical sampling value and the maximum actual sampling value is smaller than the preset threshold value, the preset threshold value is a range value between the maximum theoretical sampling value and the maximum actual sampling value, the feedback coefficient of the amplifying unit is adjusted by the microprocessor so as to reduce the gain of the amplifying unit, and if the difference between the maximum theoretical sampling value and the maximum actual sampling value is larger than the preset threshold value, the preset threshold value is a range value between 0 and the minimum actual sampling value, and the feedback coefficient of the amplifying unit is adjusted by the microprocessor so as to improve the gain of the amplifying unit.
2. The automatic gain control method of a heart sound digital sampling system according to claim 1, wherein the feedback coefficient is changed by adjusting the size of a feedback digital potentiometer of the amplifying unit by the microprocessor.
3. The automatic gain control method of a heart sound digital sampling system according to claim 1, wherein the gain adjustment of the amplifying unit is completed and maintained at least in one heart sound period signal, and then the gain adjustment of the next heart sound period signal is entered.
4. A heart sound digital sampling system, characterized in that it is used in a method for controlling the automatic gain of a heart sound digital sampling system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, and the heart sound digital sampling system comprises: the output end of the amplifying unit is connected with the first input end of the analog-to-digital converter, the second input end of the analog-to-digital converter is connected with the reference voltage, and the microprocessor is connected with the output end of the analog-to-digital converter and the amplifying unit.
5. The heart sound digital sampling system of claim 4, wherein the amplifying unit comprises an amplifier and a feedback loop, the first input of the amplifier is used for inputting heart sound signals, the feedback loop is connected with the second input of the amplifier and the output of the amplifier, and the microprocessor is connected with the feedback loop to adjust the feedback coefficient of the feedback loop.
6. The heart sound digital sampling system of claim 5, wherein the feedback loop comprises a resistor and a feedback digital potentiometer, the first end of the resistor is connected to the second input of the amplifier and the first end of the feedback digital potentiometer, the second end of the resistor is connected to the ground voltage, the second end of the feedback digital potentiometer is connected to the output of the amplifier, and the regulation control end of the feedback digital potentiometer is connected to the controller.
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