CN117175079A - Direct-cooling battery thermal management system with electric heater and control method thereof - Google Patents
Direct-cooling battery thermal management system with electric heater and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117175079A CN117175079A CN202311214655.4A CN202311214655A CN117175079A CN 117175079 A CN117175079 A CN 117175079A CN 202311214655 A CN202311214655 A CN 202311214655A CN 117175079 A CN117175079 A CN 117175079A
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 131
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 88
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a direct-cooling battery thermal management system with an electric heater and a control method thereof, wherein the system comprises a compressor, a mode switching unit, a heat exchanger unit, a first throttle valve, a second throttle valve, a first electromagnetic valve, a battery unit, a heat regenerator and the electric heater; the first port of the compressor is connected with the mode switching unit, and the mode switching unit is also connected with the second port of the compressor, the first electromagnetic valve, the regenerator and the first heat exchange channel; the first heat exchange channel is also connected with a second port of the battery unit; the first electromagnetic valve, the heat exchanger unit and the first throttle valve are connected in sequence; the second port of the compressor, the electric heater, a second heat exchange channel in the heat regenerator and a second throttle valve are connected in sequence; the second ports of the first throttle valve and the second throttle valve are connected with the first port of the battery unit; in the second heating mode, the first electromagnetic valve is disconnected, and the electric heater heats, so that the problem of limitation of the environment temperature to the heating operation range is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of thermal management, in particular to a direct-cooling battery thermal management system with an electric heater and a control method thereof.
Background
Along with the development of new energy technology, the container type energy storage system is applied to new energy, photovoltaics and electric energy stations, has smaller occupied area and more convenient installation and transportation, and is favored by the new energy photovoltaics industry. And the cooling systems of special container type energy storage systems are also increasingly moving to high-performance and high-stability technical lines. If the temperature control of the energy storage battery pack is not good, the temperature of the battery is unstable, and the risks of short circuit and damage to peripheral components are increased.
At present, a plurality of manufacturers are researching the feasibility of direct cooling of batteries, namely, the refrigerant directly enters a battery cooling plate to cool the batteries. However, the conventional direct-cooling battery thermal management system has no cooling liquid loop, and the original liquid-heat PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient ) scheme cannot be implemented, so that the direct-cooling system must have a heat pump function, i.e. the battery is heated at a low temperature. But the low-temperature heating function has natural defects, and the minimum operating environment temperature can only reach about-15 ℃.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a direct-cooling battery thermal management system with an electric heater and a control method thereof, which are used for solving the problem that the environmental temperature limits the heating operation range and widening the application range.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a direct-cooled battery thermal management system with an electric heater, comprising:
the device comprises a compressor, a mode switching unit, a heat exchanger unit, a first throttle valve, a second throttle valve, a first electromagnetic valve, a battery unit, a heat regenerator and an electric heater;
the first port of the compressor is connected with the mode switching unit, and the mode switching unit is also respectively connected with the first port of the first electromagnetic valve, the first port of the first heat exchange channel in the heat regenerator and the second port of the compressor; the second port of the first electromagnetic valve is connected with the first port of the heat exchanger unit; the second port of the first heat exchange channel is connected with the second port of the battery unit;
the first port of the electric heater is connected with the second port of the compressor, and the second port of the electric heater is connected with the first port of the second heat exchange channel in the heat regenerator; the second port of the second heat exchange channel is connected with the first port of the second throttle valve; the second port of the heat exchanger unit is connected with the first port of the first throttle valve; the second port of the first throttle valve and the second port of the second throttle valve are both connected with the first port of the battery unit;
Wherein, the heating mode of the direct-cooled battery thermal management system comprises a first heating mode and a second heating mode: the ambient temperature of the first heating mode is greater than the ambient temperature of the second heating mode; in the first heating mode, the first electromagnetic valve is conducted, and the electric heater is not heated; in the second heating mode, the first electromagnetic valve is disconnected, and the electric heater heats.
Optionally, in the heating mode, the first port of the compressor outputs a high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant, and the mode switching unit is used for communicating the first port of the compressor with the second port of the battery unit and communicating the second port of the compressor with the first electromagnetic first port; a second port of the compressor inputs low-temperature low-pressure gaseous refrigerant; the working mode of the direct cooling battery thermal management system also comprises a refrigeration mode;
in the refrigeration mode, a first port of the compressor outputs a high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant, and the mode switching unit is used for communicating the first port of the compressor with a first port of the first electromagnetic valve and communicating a second port of the compressor with a second port of the battery unit; the first electromagnetic valve is conducted; the second port of the compressor inputs a low-temperature and low-pressure gaseous refrigerant.
Optionally, the battery unit includes a plurality of battery packs;
the direct-cooled battery thermal management system further comprises a distributor; the distributor comprises a summary port and a plurality of distribution ports; the summarizing port of the distributor is connected with the second port of the first throttle valve and the second port of the second throttle valve; the first port of each battery pack is communicated with different distribution ports of the distributor respectively; the common communication port of the second port of each of the battery packs is used as the second port of the battery cell.
Optionally, the direct-cooling battery thermal management system with the electric heater further comprises a liquid reservoir, a second electromagnetic valve and a one-way valve;
the liquid storage device comprises a connecting pipe for communicating the inside and the outside of the liquid storage device; the first port of the connecting pipe is connected with the second port of the first throttle valve and the output port of the one-way valve; the second end of the connecting pipe extends into the reservoir; the top of the liquid storage device is provided with a first top port and a second top port, and the bottom of the liquid storage device is provided with a bottom port; the connecting pipe extends into the interior of the liquid reservoir through the first top port;
The summarizing port of the distributor is also connected with the input port of the one-way valve and the bottom port; the first end of the second electromagnetic valve is connected with the second top port, and the second port of the second electromagnetic valve is communicated with the connecting pipeline between the first heat exchange channel and the battery unit.
Optionally, in the refrigeration mode, the second electromagnetic valve is turned on, and the liquid reservoir is used as a gas-liquid separator;
in the heating mode, the second solenoid valve is opened and the reservoir acts as a high pressure reservoir.
Optionally, the working mode of the direct-cooling battery thermal management system further comprises a defrosting mode; the liquid level detection structure is used for detecting the liquid level of liquid refrigerant in the liquid accumulator; the liquid level of the liquid refrigerant is used as a judging condition for triggering the switching of the defrosting mode;
before defrosting starts, the working state of the direct-cooling battery thermal management system is the same as that of the heating mode;
after defrosting starts, the working state of the direct-cooling battery thermal management system is the same as that of the refrigerating mode;
in the defrost mode, the accumulator acts as a buffer accumulator to prevent the amount of system liquid refrigerant from entering the compressor from exceeding a preset amount.
Optionally, the electric heater comprises a liquid fluorine heater.
Optionally, the mode switching unit includes a four-way valve, and the four-way valve includes a first port, a second port, a third port and a fourth port;
a first port of the compressor is communicated with the first port; the second port is communicated with the first port of the first electromagnetic valve; the third port is communicated with a second port of the compressor; the fourth port is communicated with the second port of the battery unit;
in the refrigeration mode, the first port is communicated with the second port, and the third port is communicated with the fourth port;
in the heating mode, the first port is communicated with the fourth port, and the second port is communicated with the third port.
Optionally, the heat exchanger unit includes: the first port of the heat exchanger is connected with the first electromagnetic valve, and the second port of the heat exchanger is connected with the first port of the first throttle valve;
in the cooling mode, the heat exchanger acts as a condenser;
in the first heating mode, the heat exchanger functions as an evaporator;
in the second heating mode, the heat exchanger stops working.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a control method of a direct-cooling battery thermal management system with an electric heater, for controlling the direct-cooling battery thermal management system with an electric heater according to any embodiment of the present invention, including:
in a refrigeration mode, controlling the first electromagnetic valve to be conducted, controlling the mode switching unit to be communicated with a first port of the compressor and a first port of the first electromagnetic valve, and communicating a second port of the compressor and a second port of the battery unit;
in a first heating mode, controlling the first electromagnetic valve to be conducted, controlling the electric heater to not heat, controlling the mode switching unit to be communicated with a first port of the compressor and a second port of the battery unit, and communicating the second port of the compressor and the first port of the first electromagnetic valve;
in a second heating mode, the first electromagnetic valve is controlled to be disconnected, the electric heater is controlled to heat, the mode switching unit is controlled to be communicated with the first port of the compressor and the second port of the battery unit, and the second port of the compressor is controlled to be communicated with the first port of the first electromagnetic valve;
Wherein, the first port of the compressor outputs high-temperature high-pressure gaseous refrigerant.
According to the technical scheme provided by the implementation of the invention, the electric heater is arranged in the direct-cooling battery thermal management system, so that the heating mode of the direct-cooling battery thermal management system can comprise a first heating mode and a second heating mode; the ambient temperature of the first heating mode is greater than the ambient temperature of the second heating mode; in the first heating mode, the temperature difference between the temperature of the refrigerant flowing through the battery pack and the first throttle valve in sequence and the first ambient temperature is large, and the heat exchanger unit can obtain enough heat from the environment to be used as an evaporator for evaporating the refrigerant so as to reach the suction pressure for normal starting of the compressor; in the second heating mode, the ambient temperature is low, the heat exchanger unit cannot obtain enough heat from the environment to evaporate the refrigerant, at this time, the electric heater starts to heat, the refrigerant flowing out of the battery pack flows through the second throttle valve and then enters the electric heater, the electric heater is used as an evaporator to evaporate the refrigerant, and the suction pressure for normal starting of the compressor is achieved. When the battery pack is heated at low temperature, the electric heater is used as a heat source of the system, so that the system is not influenced by the low temperature of the external environment, and the heat energy is continuously provided for the battery pack; on the other hand, the heat entering the system can be accurately controlled, so that the system can stably operate.
It should be understood that the description in this section is not intended to identify key or critical features of the embodiments of the invention or to delineate the scope of the invention. Other features of the present invention will become apparent from the description that follows.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a direct-cooling battery thermal management system with an electric heater according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic flow diagram of a refrigerant in a cooling mode of a direct-cooled battery thermal management system with an electric heater according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic flow diagram of a refrigerant in a first heating mode of a direct-cooled battery thermal management system with an electric heater according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic flow diagram of a refrigerant in a second heating mode of a direct-cooled battery thermal management system with an electric heater according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a direct-cooled battery thermal management system with an electric heater;
fig. 6 is a schematic flow diagram of a refrigerant in a cooling mode of another direct-cooled battery thermal management system with an electric heater according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic flow diagram of a refrigerant in a first heating mode of another direct-cooled battery thermal management system with an electric heater according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic flow diagram of a refrigerant in a second heating mode of another direct-cooled battery thermal management system with an electric heater according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the present invention, a technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in which it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and the claims of the present invention and the above figures are used for distinguishing between similar objects and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used may be interchanged where appropriate such that the embodiments of the invention described herein may be implemented in sequences other than those illustrated or otherwise described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a direct-cooling battery thermal management system with an electric heater, and fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the direct-cooling battery thermal management system with an electric heater provided in the embodiment of the present invention, and referring to fig. 1, the system includes:
a compressor 1, a mode switching unit 20, a heat exchanger unit 30, a first throttle valve 9, a second throttle valve 8, a first solenoid valve 6, a battery unit 40, a regenerator 15, and an electric heater 4;
The first port a of the compressor 1 is connected with the mode switching unit 20, and the mode switching unit 20 is also connected with the first port of the first electromagnetic valve 6, the first port of the first heat exchange channel in the regenerator 15 and the second port b of the compressor 1 respectively; the second port of the first solenoid valve 6 is connected to the first port of the heat exchanger unit 30; the second port of the first heat exchange channel is connected with the second port of the battery unit 40;
the first port of the electric heater 4 is connected with the second port b of the compressor 1, and the second port of the electric heater 4 is connected with the first port of the second heat exchange channel in the regenerator 15; the second port of the second heat exchange channel is connected with the first port of the second throttle valve 8; the second port of the heat exchanger unit 30 is connected to the first port of the first throttle valve 9; the second port of the first throttle valve 9 and the second port of the second throttle valve 8 are both connected to the first port of the battery unit 40;
the heating mode of the direct-cooling battery thermal management system comprises a first heating mode and a second heating mode: the ambient temperature of the first heating mode is greater than the ambient temperature of the second heating mode; in the first heating mode, the first electromagnetic valve 6 is turned on, and the electric heater 4 does not heat; in the second heating mode, the first solenoid valve 6 is turned off and the electric heater 4 heats.
According to the technical scheme provided by the implementation of the invention, the electric heater 4 is additionally arranged in the direct-cooling battery thermal management system, so that the heating mode of the direct-cooling battery thermal management system can comprise a first heating mode and a second heating mode; the ambient temperature of the first heating mode is greater than the ambient temperature of the second heating mode; in the first heating mode, the refrigerant flows out from the first port a of the compressor 1, flows into the first heat exchange channel of the regenerator 15 after the flow direction of the mode switching unit 20 is regulated, the temperature difference between the temperature of the refrigerant sequentially flowing through the battery pack 14 and the first throttle valve 9 and the first ambient temperature is larger, and the heat exchanger unit 30 can obtain enough heat from the environment to be used as an evaporator for evaporating the refrigerant to reach the suction pressure for normally starting the compressor 1; in the second heating mode, the ambient temperature is low, and at this time, the electric heater 4 starts to heat, and the refrigerant flowing out of the battery unit 40 flows through the second throttle valve 8 and then enters the electric heater 4, and the electric heater 4 is used as an evaporator to evaporate the refrigerant, so as to reach the suction pressure for normally starting the compressor 1. When in low-temperature heating, the electric heater 4 is used as a system heat source, so that the system is not influenced by the low temperature of the external environment, and the heat energy is continuously provided for the battery pack 14; on the other hand, the heat entering the system can be accurately controlled, so that the system can stably operate.
The above is the core inventive concept of the present invention, and the following detailed description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings on the operation of the direct cooling battery thermal management system with the electric heater 4.
Fig. 2 is a schematic flow diagram of a refrigerant in a cooling mode of the direct-cooled battery thermal management system with the electric heater 4 according to the embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 2, in the cooling mode, the first port a of the compressor 1 outputs a high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant, the mode switching unit 20 is used for communicating the first port a of the compressor 1 with the first port of the first electromagnetic valve 6, and communicating the second port b of the compressor 1 with the second port of the battery unit; the first electromagnetic valve 6 is conducted; the second port b of the compressor 1 inputs a low-temperature low-pressure gaseous refrigerant.
Specifically, the working modes of the direct cooling battery thermal management system comprise a refrigerating mode and a heating mode. In the cooling mode, the compressor 1 compresses the low-temperature low-pressure gaseous refrigerant inputted from the second port into the high-temperature high-pressure gaseous refrigerant, and then discharges the compressed gaseous refrigerant from the first port a of the compressor 1, and flows into the heat exchanger unit 30 (which is used as a condenser in this case). The heat exchanger unit 30 serves to condense the inflow high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant into a high-pressure and medium-temperature liquid refrigerant. The high-pressure medium-temperature liquid refrigerant flows out of the heat exchanger unit 30 and then flows into the first throttle valve 9, and the low-temperature low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant is formed through the throttling and depressurization effects of the first throttle valve 9. The low-temperature low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant flowing out of the first throttle valve 9 flows into the battery unit 40, the refrigerating capacity of the system is output, the heat generated by the battery unit 40 is absorbed, and the battery unit 40 is refrigerated and cooled; wherein the battery cell 40 includes at least one battery pack therein. The refrigerant outputted from the battery unit 40 flows into the second port b of the compressor 1 through the first heat exchange passage of the regenerator 15 and the mode switching unit 20 in sequence, and starts the next cycle.
Fig. 3 is a schematic flow diagram of a refrigerant in a first heating mode of a direct-cooled battery thermal management system with an electric heater according to an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 4 is a schematic flow diagram of a refrigerant in a second heating mode of a direct-cooled battery thermal management system with an electric heater according to an embodiment of the present invention; referring to fig. 3 and 4, in the heating mode, the first port a of the compressor 1 outputs a high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant, and the mode switching unit 20 is used to communicate the first port a of the compressor 1 with the second port of the battery unit 40, and to communicate the second port b of the compressor 1 with the first electromagnetic first port; the second port b of the compressor 1 inputs a low-temperature low-pressure gaseous refrigerant.
Specifically, in the heating mode, the compressor 1 compresses the low-temperature low-pressure gaseous refrigerant inputted through the second port b into the high-temperature high-pressure gaseous refrigerant, and then discharges the high-temperature high-pressure gaseous refrigerant through the first port a of the compressor 1. The high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant flows into the second port of the battery unit 40 through the mode switching unit 20 to heat the cold plate in the battery unit 40, thereby realizing the heat pump function of the system to the battery unit 40. After the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant entering the battery unit 40 is condensed into a high-pressure and medium-temperature liquid refrigerant, the flow directions of the refrigerant are different for the heating modes under different environmental temperatures.
Referring to fig. 3, if the ambient temperature at this time is greater than the preset ambient temperature limit, the activated heating mode is the first heating mode. The preset environmental temperature limit value can be, for example, minus 15 ℃, -16 ℃, -14 ℃ or the like, and can be determined according to practical situations. In the first heating mode, since the heat exchanger unit 30 can obtain enough heat from the environment to evaporate the refrigerant as an evaporator, the first throttle valve 9 and the first solenoid valve 6 are opened. The high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant entering the battery unit 40 is condensed into a high-pressure and medium-temperature liquid refrigerant, and then is split into two paths, and most of the refrigerant flows into the first throttle valve 9 and the small part of the refrigerant flows into the second throttle valve 8 by adjusting the opening of the first throttle valve 9 and the opening of the second throttle valve 8. The refrigerant flowing into the first throttle valve 9 forms a low-temperature low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant by the throttle pressure reduction action of the first throttle valve 9. The low-temperature low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant flows into the heat exchanger unit 30, at this time, the heat exchanger unit 30 is used as an evaporator, and the refrigerant flowing into the heat exchanger unit 30 absorbs heat and evaporates to form a low-temperature low-pressure gaseous refrigerant, and the low-temperature low-pressure gaseous refrigerant enters the suction side of the compressor 1, namely the second port b of the compressor 1, through the mode switching unit 20. The refrigerant flowing into the second throttle valve 8 forms a low-temperature low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase state refrigerant through the throttling and depressurization function of the second throttle valve 8, and then flows into the second heat exchange channel of the regenerator 15, and at the moment, the refrigerant in the second heat exchange channel can absorb the heat of the refrigerant in the first heat exchange channel. It can be understood that the regenerator 15 is used to absorb sensible heat of the exhaust gas of the compressor 1 by using the low-temperature low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant at the outlet of the second throttle valve 8, reduce the temperature of the exhaust gas entering the battery unit 40, and improve the temperature uniformity of the battery pack in the battery unit 40. The refrigerant in the second heat exchange passage absorbs heat and becomes a gaseous refrigerant, which passes through the electric heater 4 (which is only a pipe at this time and does not heat), and then enters the compressor 1.
Referring to fig. 4, if the ambient temperature at this time is less than or equal to the preset ambient temperature limit, the started heating mode is the second heating mode. In the second heating mode, the first throttle valve 9 and the first solenoid valve 6 are disconnected because the heat exchanger unit 30 is unable to obtain sufficient heat from the environment to evaporate the refrigerant. The high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant that has entered the battery pack 14 is condensed into a high-pressure and medium-temperature liquid refrigerant, and then flows into the second throttle valve 8. The refrigerant forms a low-temperature low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase state refrigerant through the throttling and depressurization effects of the second throttling valve 8. And then flows into the second heat exchange channel of the regenerator 15, where the refrigerant in the second heat exchange channel can absorb heat from the refrigerant in the first heat exchange channel. The low-temperature low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant at the outlet of the second throttle valve 8 is used for absorbing sensible heat of the exhaust gas of the compressor 1, reducing the temperature of the exhaust gas entering the battery unit 40 and improving the temperature uniformity of the battery pack in the battery unit 40. The high-pressure medium-temperature liquid refrigerant flowing out of the battery pack mostly flows into the second throttle valve 8, at this time, the electric heater 4 is started to heat, and the refrigerant is heated and evaporated to be gaseous when passing through the heater 4 and then enters the compressor 1. The system can maintain low pressure but low, and simultaneously inputs heat for the circulating system to provide for the battery pack, so that the system is not affected by low temperature of the external environment, and the heat entering the system can be accurately controlled, so that the system can stably operate. Alternatively, the electric heater 4 may be a liquid fluorine heater.
Wherein the heat exchanger unit 30 comprises a heat exchanger 3 and a fan 5, a first port of the heat exchanger 3 is connected with the first electromagnetic valve 6, and a second port of the heat exchanger 3 is connected with a first port of the first throttle valve 9; in the cooling mode, the heat exchanger 3 functions as a condenser; in the first heating mode, the heat exchanger 3 serves as an evaporator; in the second heating mode, the heat exchanger 3 is stopped.
On the basis of the above-mentioned embodiments, in one embodiment of the present invention, fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of another direct-cooling battery thermal management system with an electric heater provided in the embodiment of the present invention, and referring to fig. 5, a battery unit 40 includes a plurality of battery packs 14; the direct-cooled battery thermal management system also includes a distributor 13, the distributor 13 including a summary port and a plurality of distribution ports. The summarizing port of the distributor 13 is connected with the second port of the first throttle valve 9 and the second port of the second throttle valve 8; the first port of each battery pack 14 communicates with a different dispensing port of the dispenser 13, respectively; the common communication port of the second port of each battery pack 14 is used as the second port of the battery cell 40, thereby achieving cooling and heating of the plurality of battery packs 14.
With continued reference to fig. 5, in one embodiment of the present invention, the direct-cooling battery thermal management system with an electric heater further includes a liquid reservoir 10, a second electromagnetic valve 12, and a check valve 7;
The liquid reservoir 10 comprises a connecting pipe for communicating the inside and the outside of the liquid reservoir 10; the first port of the connecting pipe is connected with the second port of the first throttle valve 9 and the output port of the one-way valve 7; the second end of the connecting tube extends into the interior of the reservoir 10; the top of the reservoir 10 is provided with a first top port and a second top port, and the bottom of the reservoir 10 is provided with a bottom port; the connecting pipe extends into the interior of the liquid reservoir through the first top port;
the summarizing port of the distributor 13 is also connected with the input port and the bottom port of the one-way valve 7; the first end of the second solenoid valve 12 is connected to the second top port, and the second port of the second solenoid valve 12 is in communication with the connecting conduit between the first heat exchange passage and the battery cell 40.
Wherein, in the cooling mode, the second solenoid valve 12 is turned on, and the accumulator 10 functions as a gas-liquid separator; in the heating mode, the second solenoid valve 12 is opened, and the reservoir 10 serves as a high-pressure reservoir 10.
Specifically, fig. 6 is a schematic flow diagram of a refrigerant in a refrigeration mode in another direct-cooled battery thermal management system with an electric heater according to an embodiment of the present invention, and referring to fig. 6, in the refrigeration mode, the compressor 1 compresses a low-temperature low-pressure gaseous refrigerant input from the second port into a high-temperature high-pressure gaseous refrigerant, and then discharges the compressed gaseous refrigerant from the first port a of the compressor 1, and flows into the heat exchanger 3 (which is used as a condenser at this time). The heat exchanger unit 30 serves to condense the inflow high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant into a high-pressure and medium-temperature liquid refrigerant. The high-pressure medium-temperature liquid refrigerant flows out of the heat exchanger unit 30 and then flows into the first throttle valve 9, and the low-temperature low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant is formed through the throttling and depressurization effects of the first throttle valve 9. The low-temperature low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase state refrigerant flowing out of the first throttle valve 9 flows into the inside of the accumulator 10 through the connection pipe of the accumulator 10. Wherein the check valve 7 is provided to prevent the refrigerant from flowing away from the line before the accumulator 10, so that the low-temperature low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase state refrigerant flowing out of the first throttle valve 9 entirely flows into the accumulator 10.
The gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant is separated in the liquid reservoir 10, and the gaseous refrigerant is output through a second top port of the liquid reservoir 10 and flows to the regenerator 15 after passing through the second electromagnetic valve 12; liquid refrigerant is output through the bottom port and flows to the distributor 13. The liquid-phase refrigerant enters the battery pack 14 through the distributor 13, the refrigerating capacity of the system is output, and the heat generated by the electric pile is absorbed; after the refrigerant is evaporated, the refrigerant enters the mode switching unit 20, and returns to the suction side of the compressor 1 through the mode switching unit 20. The distributor 13 distributes the liquid refrigerant and then flows to each battery pack 14, and at this time, the distributor 13 only needs to distribute the liquid refrigerant, thereby reducing difficulty in uniform distribution of the refrigerant, improving uniformity of refrigerant distribution, and further realizing temperature uniformity of each battery pack 14.
Fig. 7 is a schematic flow diagram of a refrigerant in a first heating mode in another direct-cooling battery thermal management system with an electric heater according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 8 is a schematic flow diagram of a refrigerant in a second heating mode in another direct-cooling battery thermal management system with an electric heater according to an embodiment of the present invention, where a low-temperature low-pressure gaseous refrigerant input through a second port b is compressed into a high-temperature high-pressure gaseous refrigerant by a compressor 1 in the first heating mode (refer to fig. 7) or the second heating mode (refer to fig. 8), and then discharged through a first port a of the compressor 1. The high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant flows into the second port of the battery pack 14 through the mode switching unit 20 to heat the cold plate in the battery pack 14, thereby realizing the heat pump function of the system to the battery pack 14. After being collected by the distributor 13, the refrigerant flows in the first heating mode or the second heating mode in the above-described embodiment. At this time, the accumulator 10 is used as a high-pressure accumulator 10 to store the excess refrigerant in the heat pump mode of the system. The second solenoid valve 12 is in an off state to prevent the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant in the compressor 1 from directly entering the accumulator 10 without passing through the battery pack 14 in the heating mode, so that the battery pack 14 cannot be heated.
On the basis of the above embodiments, in one embodiment of the present invention, optionally, the operation mode of the direct-cooling battery thermal management system further includes a defrost mode; the liquid accumulator 10 is also provided with a liquid level detection structure 11, and the liquid level detection structure 11 is used for detecting the liquid level of the liquid refrigerant in the liquid accumulator 10; the liquid level of the liquid refrigerant is used as a judging condition for triggering the switching of the defrosting mode;
before defrosting starts, the working state of the direct-cooling battery thermal management system is the same as that of a heating mode;
after defrosting starts, the working state of the direct-cooling battery thermal management system is the same as that of a refrigerating mode;
in the defrost mode, the accumulator 10 acts as a buffer accumulator 10 to prevent the amount of system liquid refrigerant from entering the compressor 1 from exceeding a preset amount.
Specifically, in the first heating mode, when the evaporation temperature of the heat exchanger 3 is lower than the dew point temperature of the external environment, for example, the evaporation temperature is-5 ℃, the ambient temperature is 0 ℃, and if the humidity of the ambient temperature is relatively high, the heat exchanger 3 is liable to frost. The defrosting mode is reverse mode defrosting, and it is understood that the system is switched from the heating mode to the cooling mode to defrost. After switching to the refrigeration mode, the compressor 1 compresses the low-temperature low-pressure gaseous refrigerant input by the second port into the high-temperature high-pressure gaseous refrigerant, and then the high-temperature high-pressure gaseous refrigerant is discharged through the first port a of the compressor 1 and flows into the heat exchanger 3, so that heat can be provided for the heat exchanger 3, frost formed on the heat exchanger 3 can absorb heat and melt, and defrosting is achieved.
There is a risk in the prior art that a large amount of refrigerant enters the compressor 1 during defrosting. During normal heating, the battery pack 14 serves as a condenser, the heat exchanger 3 serves as an evaporator, and most of the refrigerant is stored in the condenser, and at this time, if defrosting is performed, after the mode switching unit 20 is switched, a large amount of refrigerant in the battery pack 14 directly flows into the compressor 1 through the mode switching unit 20, so that the compressor 1 can generate liquid impact, and the compressor 1 is easily damaged.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the accumulator 10 may be used as a buffer accumulator 10, and by adjusting the opening of the first throttle valve 9 (reducing the opening of the first throttle valve 9), most of the refrigerant is driven into the accumulator 10, and then the mode switching unit 20 switches to the cooling mode to defrost, so that the amount of the liquid refrigerant in the system entering the compressor 1 can be prevented from exceeding the preset amount. The liquid level detecting structure 11 may be disposed on the liquid reservoir 10, and is configured to detect the content of the refrigerant in the liquid reservoir 10, so as to determine whether to start mode switching for defrosting. The liquid level detecting structure 11 may be a high level liquid level switch, or may be other detecting structures, which are not limited herein. Before defrosting is finished, namely before the refrigerating mode is switched back to the heating mode, the second electromagnetic valve 12 is opened, the refrigerant is controlled to enter the liquid storage device 10, the heat exchanger 3 serves as a condenser at the moment, the quantity of the refrigerant reserved in the heat exchanger is small, and then the heat exchanger is switched to the heating mode, so that a large quantity of liquid refrigerant is prevented from entering the compressor 1.
Alternatively, referring to fig. 1 to 8, in one embodiment of the present invention, the mode switching unit 20 includes a four-way valve 2, and the four-way valve 2 includes a first port 201, a second port 202, a third port 203, and a fourth port 204;
the first port a of the compressor 1 communicates with the first port 201; the second port 202 communicates with the first port of the first solenoid valve 6; the third port 203 communicates with the second port b of the compressor 1; fourth port 204 communicates with a second port of battery cell 40;
in the cooling mode, the first port 201 is in communication with the second port 202, and the third port 203 is in communication with the fourth port 204;
in the heating mode, the first port 201 is in communication with the fourth port 204, and the second port 202 is in communication with the third port 203.
It can be understood that the first port a of the compressor 1 communicates with the first port 201; the second port 202 communicates with the first port of the first solenoid valve 6; the third port 203 communicates with the second port b of the compressor 1; the fourth port 204 communicates with the second port of the battery cell 40. When the first port 201 is controlled to be conducted with the second port 202, the third port 203 is controlled to be conducted with the fourth port 204, so that the cooling mode can be switched. When the first port 201 and the fourth port 204 are controlled to be conducted, the second port 202 and the third port 203 are controlled to be conducted, so that the heating mode can be switched. By means of the communication mode among the first port 201, the second port 202, the third port 203 and the fourth port 204 in the four-way valve 2, the switching between the cooling mode and the heating mode is realized, and the switching between the heating mode and the cooling mode can be simplified.
The direct-cooling battery thermal management system provided by the embodiment of the invention has at least the following beneficial effects: the state of the refrigerant entering the distributor 13 is liquid phase under the refrigeration working condition, so that the distribution difficulty is greatly reduced. When in low-temperature heating, the liquid fluorine heater 4 is used as a system heat source, so that the system is not affected by the low temperature of the external environment, and the heat energy is continuously provided for the battery pack 14; on the other hand, the liquid fluorine heater 4 can accurately control the heat entering the system, so that the system can stably operate. The regenerator 15 is configured to cool the exhaust gas entering the battery pack 14 during heating, absorb part of sensible heat of the exhaust gas, and reduce the temperature of the exhaust gas entering the battery pack 14. The accumulator 10 has multiple functions, and is used as a gas-liquid separator during refrigeration, as a high-pressure accumulator 10 during heating, and as a buffer accumulator 10 during defrosting.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a control method of the direct-cooling battery thermal management system with the electric heater, which is used for controlling the direct-cooling battery thermal management system with the electric heater according to any embodiment of the invention, and comprises the following steps:
in the cooling mode (refer to fig. 2), the first solenoid valve 6 is controlled to be turned on, and the mode switching unit 20 is controlled to communicate the first port a of the compressor 1 with the first port of the first solenoid valve 6, and the second port b of the compressor 1 with the second port of the battery unit 40;
In the first heating mode (refer to fig. 3), the first solenoid valve 6 is controlled to be turned on, the electric heater 4 is not heated, and the mode switching unit 20 is controlled to communicate the first port a of the compressor 1 with the second port of the battery unit 40, and the second port b of the compressor 1 with the first port of the first solenoid valve 6;
in the second heating mode (refer to fig. 4), the first solenoid valve 6 is controlled to be turned off, the electric heater 4 is controlled to heat, and the mode switching unit 20 is controlled to communicate the first port a of the compressor 1 with the second port of the battery unit 40, and the second port b of the compressor 1 with the first port of the first solenoid valve 6;
wherein the first port a of the compressor 1 outputs a high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant.
Optionally, referring to fig. 5, the direct-cooling battery thermal management system with the electric heater 4 further comprises a liquid reservoir 10, a second electromagnetic valve 12 and a one-way valve 7;
the liquid reservoir 10 comprises a connecting pipe for communicating the inside and the outside of the liquid reservoir 10; the first port of the connecting pipe is connected with the second port of the first throttle valve 9 and the output port of the one-way valve 7; the second end of the connecting tube extends into the interior of the reservoir 10; the top of the reservoir 10 is provided with a first top port and a second top port, and the bottom of the reservoir 10 is provided with a bottom port; the summarizing port of the distributor 13 is also connected with the input port and the bottom port of the one-way valve 7; the first end of the second solenoid valve 12 is connected to the second top port, and the second port of the second solenoid valve 12 is in communication with the connecting conduit between the first heat exchange passage and the battery cell 40.
The control method of the direct-cooling battery thermal management system with the electric heater 4 further comprises the following steps:
in the cooling mode (refer to fig. 6), the second solenoid valve 12 is controlled to be turned on, and the accumulator 10 functions as a gas-liquid separator;
in the heating mode (refer to fig. 7 and 8), the second solenoid valve 12 is controlled to be opened, and the reservoir 10 serves as a high-pressure reservoir 10.
Optionally, the working mode of the direct cooling battery thermal management system further comprises a defrosting mode; the control method of the direct-cooling battery thermal management system with the electric heater 4 further comprises the following steps:
before defrosting starts, the working state of the direct-cooling battery thermal management system is controlled to be the same as that of a heating mode;
after defrosting starts, the working state of the direct-cooling battery thermal management system is controlled to be the same as that of a refrigerating mode;
in defrost mode, the accumulator 10 also acts as a buffer accumulator 10 to prevent the amount of system liquid refrigerant from entering the compressor 1 from exceeding a preset amount.
The control method of the direct-cooling battery thermal management system with the electric heater provided by the embodiment of the invention can control the direct-cooling battery thermal management system with the electric heater provided by any embodiment of the invention, and has the corresponding beneficial effects of the direct-cooling battery thermal management system with the electric heater.
Note that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and the technical principle applied. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein, but is capable of various obvious changes, rearrangements and substitutions as will now become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, while the invention has been described in connection with the above embodiments, the invention is not limited to the embodiments, but may be embodied in many other equivalent forms without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention, which is set forth in the following claims.
Claims (10)
1. A direct-cooled battery thermal management system with an electric heater, comprising:
the device comprises a compressor, a mode switching unit, a heat exchanger unit, a first throttle valve, a second throttle valve, a first electromagnetic valve, a battery unit, a heat regenerator and an electric heater;
the first port of the compressor is connected with the mode switching unit, and the mode switching unit is also respectively connected with the first port of the first electromagnetic valve, the first port of the first heat exchange channel in the heat regenerator and the second port of the compressor; the second port of the first electromagnetic valve is connected with the first port of the heat exchanger unit; the second port of the first heat exchange channel is connected with the second port of the battery unit;
The first port of the electric heater is connected with the second port of the compressor, and the second port of the electric heater is connected with the first port of the second heat exchange channel in the heat regenerator; the second port of the second heat exchange channel is connected with the first port of the second throttle valve; the second port of the heat exchanger unit is connected with the first port of the first throttle valve; the second port of the first throttle valve and the second port of the second throttle valve are both connected with the first port of the battery unit;
wherein, the heating mode of the direct-cooled battery thermal management system comprises a first heating mode and a second heating mode: the ambient temperature in the first heating mode is greater than the ambient temperature in the second heating mode; in the first heating mode, the first electromagnetic valve is conducted, and the electric heater is not heated; in the second heating mode, the first electromagnetic valve is disconnected, and the electric heater heats.
2. The direct cooling battery thermal management system with electric heater of claim 1, wherein,
in the heating mode, a first port of the compressor outputs a high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant, and the mode switching unit is used for communicating the first port of the compressor with a second port of the battery unit and communicating the second port of the compressor with the first electromagnetic first port; a second port of the compressor inputs low-temperature low-pressure gaseous refrigerant; the working mode of the direct cooling battery thermal management system also comprises a refrigeration mode;
In the refrigeration mode, a first port of the compressor outputs a high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant, and the mode switching unit is used for communicating the first port of the compressor with a first port of the first electromagnetic valve and communicating a second port of the compressor with a second port of the battery unit; the first electromagnetic valve is conducted; the second port of the compressor inputs a low-temperature and low-pressure gaseous refrigerant.
3. The direct cooling battery thermal management system with electric heater of claim 2, wherein the battery cell comprises a plurality of battery packs;
the direct-cooled battery thermal management system further comprises a distributor; the distributor comprises a summary port and a plurality of distribution ports; the summarizing port of the distributor is connected with the second port of the first throttle valve and the second port of the second throttle valve; the first port of each battery pack is communicated with different distribution ports of the distributor respectively; the common communication port of the second port of each of the battery packs is used as the second port of the battery cell.
4. The direct cooling battery thermal management system with electric heater according to claim 3, further comprising a reservoir, a second solenoid valve, and a one-way valve;
The liquid storage device comprises a connecting pipe for communicating the inside and the outside of the liquid storage device; the first port of the connecting pipe is connected with the second port of the first throttle valve and the output port of the one-way valve; the second end of the connecting pipe extends into the reservoir; the top of the liquid storage device is provided with a first top port and a second top port, and the bottom of the liquid storage device is provided with a bottom port; the connecting pipe extends into the interior of the liquid reservoir through the first top port;
the summarizing port of the distributor is also connected with the input port of the one-way valve and the bottom port; the first end of the second electromagnetic valve is connected with the second top port, and the second port of the second electromagnetic valve is communicated with the connecting pipeline between the first heat exchange channel and the battery unit.
5. The direct cooling battery thermal management system with electric heater of claim 4,
in the refrigeration mode, the second solenoid valve is turned on, and the liquid reservoir is used as a gas-liquid separator;
in the heating mode, the second solenoid valve is opened and the reservoir acts as a high pressure reservoir.
6. The direct cooling battery thermal management system with electric heater of claim 4, wherein the operating mode of the direct cooling battery thermal management system further comprises a defrost mode; the liquid level detection structure is used for detecting the liquid level of liquid refrigerant in the liquid accumulator; the liquid level of the liquid refrigerant is used as a judging condition for triggering the switching of the defrosting mode;
Before defrosting starts, the working state of the direct-cooling battery thermal management system is the same as that of the heating mode;
after defrosting starts, the working state of the direct-cooling battery thermal management system is the same as that of the refrigerating mode;
in the defrost mode, the accumulator acts as a buffer accumulator to prevent the amount of system liquid refrigerant from entering the compressor from exceeding a preset amount.
7. The direct cooling battery thermal management system with electric heater of claim 1, wherein the electric heater comprises a liquid fluorine heater.
8. The direct cooling battery thermal management system with electric heater of claim 2, wherein,
the mode switching unit comprises a four-way valve, wherein the four-way valve comprises a first port, a second port, a third port and a fourth port;
a first port of the compressor is communicated with the first port; the second port is communicated with the first port of the first electromagnetic valve; the third port is communicated with a second port of the compressor; the fourth port is communicated with the second port of the battery unit;
in the refrigeration mode, the first port is communicated with the second port, and the third port is communicated with the fourth port;
In the heating mode, the first port is communicated with the fourth port, and the second port is communicated with the third port.
9. The direct cooling battery thermal management system with electric heater of claim 1, wherein,
the heat exchanger unit includes: the first port of the heat exchanger is connected with the first electromagnetic valve, and the second port of the heat exchanger is connected with the first port of the first throttle valve;
in the cooling mode, the heat exchanger acts as a condenser;
in the first heating mode, the heat exchanger functions as an evaporator;
in the second heating mode, the heat exchanger stops working.
10. A control method of a direct-cooling battery thermal management system with an electric heater, characterized by being used for controlling the direct-cooling battery thermal management system with an electric heater according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising:
in a refrigeration mode, controlling the first electromagnetic valve to be conducted, controlling the mode switching unit to be communicated with a first port of the compressor and a first port of the first electromagnetic valve, and communicating a second port of the compressor and a second port of the battery unit;
In a first heating mode, controlling the first electromagnetic valve to be conducted, controlling the electric heater to not heat, controlling the mode switching unit to be communicated with a first port of the compressor and a second port of the battery unit, and communicating the second port of the compressor and the first port of the first electromagnetic valve;
in a second heating mode, the first electromagnetic valve is controlled to be disconnected, the electric heater is controlled to heat, the mode switching unit is controlled to be communicated with the first port of the compressor and the second port of the battery unit, and the second port of the compressor is controlled to be communicated with the first port of the first electromagnetic valve;
wherein, the first port of the compressor outputs high-temperature high-pressure gaseous refrigerant.
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