CN117157223A - Granular material spraying apparatus for train - Google Patents
Granular material spraying apparatus for train Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN117157223A CN117157223A CN202280028712.7A CN202280028712A CN117157223A CN 117157223 A CN117157223 A CN 117157223A CN 202280028712 A CN202280028712 A CN 202280028712A CN 117157223 A CN117157223 A CN 117157223A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- train
- particles
- channel
- injection device
- pressure regulator
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 title claims description 19
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61C—LOCOMOTIVES; MOTOR RAILCARS
- B61C15/00—Maintaining or augmenting the starting or braking power by auxiliary devices and measures; Preventing wheel slippage; Controlling distribution of tractive effort between driving wheels
- B61C15/08—Preventing wheel slippage
- B61C15/10—Preventing wheel slippage by depositing sand or like friction increasing materials
- B61C15/102—Preventing wheel slippage by depositing sand or like friction increasing materials with sanding equipment of mechanical or fluid type, e.g. by means of steam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
- B60B39/00—Increasing wheel adhesion
- B60B39/02—Vehicle fittings for scattering or dispensing material in front of its wheels
- B60B39/04—Vehicle fittings for scattering or dispensing material in front of its wheels the material being granular, e.g. sand
- B60B39/08—Vehicle fittings for scattering or dispensing material in front of its wheels the material being granular, e.g. sand the dispensing being effected by fluid means
- B60B39/086—Vehicle fittings for scattering or dispensing material in front of its wheels the material being granular, e.g. sand the dispensing being effected by fluid means dispensing being effected by gas
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Air Transport Of Granular Materials (AREA)
- Nozzles (AREA)
- Advancing Webs (AREA)
- Filling Or Emptying Of Bunkers, Hoppers, And Tanks (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a device (1) for spraying granular particulate material between a wheel of a train and a track of a rail, the device (1) being intended to be mounted on a train. According to the invention, the device comprises a pressure regulator (12), the pressure regulator (12) being positioned between the air inlet (2) and the small cross-section hole (7) so as to obtain a given operating pressure for the air entering the injection device (1), irrespective of the characteristics of the air inlet (2) provided by the train in which the injection device (1) is to be installed.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a granular material spraying apparatus for a train.
Background
The granular material spraying apparatus is basically used for rolling stock having metal wheels on a metal rail. Representative of such rolling stock may be, for example, trains, trams, subways, etc. In the remainder of the present description, the term "train" is used to denote all rolling stock with metallic wheels on metallic tracks.
The rolling stock of the metal wheels is designed in order to reduce the rolling resistance coefficient due to the elastic deformation of the wheels and the rail under the action of the mass of the train. In fact, the mass of such rolling stock makes it possible to have a significant benefit in terms of reducing the coefficient of rolling resistance of the wheels on the track. The steel/steel (wheel/rail) solution currently applied allows to obtain a rolling resistance coefficient of the order of 0.2%. Thus, the force required for the train to move at this time is only 0.2% of the mass of the train. For example, a train weighing about 500 tons requires a force of 1 ton. Thus the energy consumption is reduced.
However, the steel/steel contact tradeoff is a low coefficient of sliding friction. The wheels of the train are more likely to approach the slip limit due to the lower coefficient of friction. This result corresponds to a deviation from the sliding cone defined by the coefficient of friction. However, in use, such sliding friction cones are crossed. In fact, the slipping phenomenon is observed during significant acceleration or deceleration, respectively corresponding to the start and braking of the train. These phenomena can also be observed on curves, where the wheels outside the corner have a travel distance greater than the travel distance of the wheels inside the curve.
θ (bend angle) [ radius ] _outside > θ_ (bend angle) [ radius ] _inside
These slipping phenomena are more frequent on wet and/or fallen leaf covered (e.g. autumn) tracks.
In all these cases, the sliding of the wheels on the track is unacceptable, especially when the train must be braked. In this case, the braking distance will be uncertain and may lead to accidents. In order to prevent these phenomena of wheels sliding on the track, in particular in order to ensure an effective braking, it is necessary to increase the grip of these wheels on the track.
One proposed solution to increase such grip involves spreading granular material between the wheels and the track during these critical operating phases of the train. Indeed, the temporary addition of granular material between the wheel and the rail allows to increase the coefficient of friction so as to eliminate any sliding of the wheel on the rail.
Such granular material is spread by spraying equipment on the train. Thus, for each critical operating phase of the train that may cause the wheels to slip on the track, the spraying device is activated for a given period of time to prevent such slip. Such devices are specific (ad hoc) activations. Such a spraying device also allows to maintain a low rolling resistance of the wheels on the track when not activated.
Due to the function of the granular material spraying device, this plays a critical role in train braking and thus constitutes a safety element that must be effective, safe and reliable.
A problem with providing a reliable spraying device is the transport of a non-homogeneous fluid consisting of a gas, which may be air for example, and solid granular particles, which may be sand particles for example. In practice, such a resulting fluid is neither a gas nor a liquid, and a mixed composition of the fluid is obtained by the spraying device. Such heterogeneous compositions are even more difficult to transport, because they are dependent on the size of the particles, the pressure and flow rate of the air and the route to be covered, in particular on the position of the granular particle tank on the train. In practice, if the canister were placed on the right or left, the fluid path would be different, and so on.
The choice of particles is more complex. Because the particles are consumable and require a large number of uses, the choice of particles is largely cost dependent. For this purpose, the granules generally consist of sand grains. These particles may be rolling particles when supplied close to the coast or crushing particles when supplying rolling particles involves ultra high costs. However, the latter form defines particles with rather rough edges, resulting in varying degrees of friction. The rolled particles have a lower friction due to the spherical shape. In addition, the size and the height of the particles are unevenly distributed to be varied according to the variation of the supply. In addition, the moisture content of the sand is an important factor affecting the ejection of sand from the apparatus.
Finally, the amount of sand sprayed must be controlled because a small amount of sand deposit will not be effective to significantly increase the grip of the wheels on the track. Excessive sand deposition can lift the train so that the wheels no longer contact the track. The train will be separated from the presence detection circuit and will disappear from the operator's control panel. This phenomenon is known as "ghost trains". Thus, the train user defines sand flow to ensure increased grip while maintaining train visibility.
All these parameters lead to specific definition of the spraying apparatus, adapting it to a specific train and a given granular material. Such adaptation is typically achieved by selecting the device according to its capabilities. Currently known and considered effective devices are devices that use the venturi effect to adsorb particles.
The principle of the venturi effect granular material spraying apparatus is as follows:
-reducing the air flow, followed by
-increasing the air flow.
This change in air flow creates a negative pressure, which can be demonstrated using the Bernoulli theorem, known as the Venturi effect.
This negative pressure is used to adsorb sand particles. For this purpose, a fairly uniform channel provides access to the particle tank from such a negative pressure zone. Due to this negative pressure, air is sucked out of the channel with the sand particles.
The negative pressure channel has a "bend" or corner that forces air up near the particle tank to avoid sand loss due to gravity or train vibration.
The solutions currently available are specifically designed according to the path of the sand, the pressure, the air flow rate and the quality of the sand. In other words, it is always necessary to adapt a part of the spraying device in order for the device to function and respond to the desired sand flow rate.
In this respect:
the adaptation may involve, for example, changing the diameter of the nozzle/nozzle holder arranged upstream of the negative pressure zone. These nozzles typically act as negative pressure on the air supply of the train. Changing the diameter allows the negative pressure phenomenon to be regulated;
since the nozzles are associated with passages having a converging-diverging cross section, the adaptation may involve variations in the cross section of these passages, which may affect the negative pressure phenomenon and/or may accelerate the air;
since the underpressure channel has at least one opening in the granular material, the adaptation may relate to a passage cross section of such one or more openings, which passage cross section defines the air velocity. Thus, such a change in cross section affects the amount of sand adsorbed;
because the negative pressure channel imparts a non-uniform path for the "fluid" to rise and then fall, the adaptation may involve a conduit design that can affect pressure drop variations. Thus, the channel contributes to the function of the spraying device.
Difficulties encountered with these devices include:
-the negative pressure channel opening is blocked. Indeed, the arrangement of the particles in the tank may make the particles difficult to remove. The moisture content in the sand tank exacerbates this problem;
nozzle clogging, a common phenomenon. This phenomenon is due to the fact that the particles may be smaller than the nozzle holes. During installation/handling, equipment particles may be guided to the holes due to air movements (turbulence, pressure fluctuations, etc.) or handling of the spraying equipment. Thus, there is a risk that the particles get stuck in the nozzle. The sand in the nozzle holes changes the air pressure and flow rate. In this way, the desired venturi effect cannot be continued, thereby altering the flow of particles sprayed onto the track. The spraying device may no longer be operated, which is a dangerous situation for the safety element for braking the train;
abrasion of the pipe through which the sand passes due to the abrasiveness of the sand, which may lead to significant maintenance and variation of the flow rate of the heterogeneous fluid.
The spraying device according to the invention using the venturi effect is highly efficient and versatile in that it can be directly adapted to many configurations encountered without changing the structure, geometry and/or dimensions of the device.
Disclosure of Invention
The object of the present invention is an apparatus for spraying granular material between the wheels of a train and the track of a rail, said apparatus being intended to be mounted on said train and comprising:
-an air inlet;
-a hole with a small cross-section and an enlarged passage, said hole being present in the enlarged passage while said hole is aligned with said enlarged passage along the same axis, wherein both elements are intended to generate a negative pressure by venturi effect;
-an interface for connection with a tank of granular particles;
-means for transporting the granular particles from the tank to the expansion channel, said transporting means comprising: a cylindrical outer pipe provided with at least one opening into the tank; and an inner conical member disposed within the conduit and having an inner passage perpendicular to and into the expansion passage, wherein the conical member forms a space with the outer conduit such that particles first pass through the at least one opening and then rise through the space and then descend toward the expansion passage while passing through the inner passage of the conical member due to the venturi effect;
-at least one connecting duct to which a tube is intended to be fixed, so as to distribute the granular particles originating from the enlarged passage between the wheels and the track of the train.
According to the invention, the injection device comprises a pressure regulator interposed between the air inlet and the hole with small cross section, so as to obtain a given operating pressure for the air entering said injection device, irrespective of the characteristics of the air inlet provided by the train in which the injection device of the invention is to be installed. It should be noted that such a pressure regulator is equivalent to a flow restrictor, since the two entities are proportional. In this way, adjusting the pressure regulator corresponds to adjusting the air flow in the device. A pressure regulator is included within the injection apparatus so that the injection apparatus can be adapted to any type of train and any type of granular particles, thereby imparting general properties to the injection apparatus. In fact, depending on the configuration encountered, it is simply necessary to pre-adjust the pressure regulator to deliver the desired pressure, so as to enable the air flow circulating in the spraying device to have the correct flow rate and thus effectively spray the granular particles onto the wheels of the train. Such a regulator is small and therefore does not significantly increase the volume of the spraying device. In other words, the volume of the injection device is not increased by more than 10%. Such a pressure regulator is placed immediately downstream of the air inlet and upstream of the orifice to regulate the air flow into the orifice and is intended to let the air flow into the expanding channel to create a venturi effect. The conveyor means enable the granular particles to be removed from the tank and fed into the expansion channel via a first rise and then fall, wherein the negative pressure prevails due to the venturi effect created by the presence of the holes and the expansion channel. For the avoidance of doubt, the cross-section of the aperture is smaller than the cross-section of the enlarged passage. Preferably, the spraying device is supplied with air by an air supply network on the train on which the spraying device is to be installed.
According to one possible feature of the invention, the pressure regulator has a control member protruding from the injection device, so as to allow mechanical adjustment of the pressure regulator and to allow obtaining a desired operating pressure in the injection device. With this configuration, the regulator can be directly dry-preloaded to regulate a desired air pressure in the injection apparatus. The control member may be formed, for example, by a knob.
According to one possible feature of the invention, the hole with small cross section and the enlarged passage are cylindrical and aligned back and forth so that the axes of rotation of the hole and the enlarged passage coincide. In this way, this arrangement of the two elements, each having a cylindrical geometry, will allow a venturi effect to be created, creating a negative pressure in the expanding channel, allowing the extraction of the granular particles from the tank.
According to a possible feature of the invention, the diameter of the cylindrical hole ranges between 2mm and 3.5 mm. For granular particles commonly used in trains, a hole of less than 2mm may cause some particles to clog, thereby getting stuck in the hole. Even a 10 bar air flow may not be sufficient to extract these particles. However, pores greater than 3.5mm may attenuate the venturi phenomenon or may result in excessive particle flow.
According to a possible feature of the invention, the spraying device comprises a filter interposed between the pressure regulator and the orifice so as to prevent the potential lifting of the granular particles originating from the enlarged passage towards the pressure regulator. Such a filter will trap some particulates that tend to flow back to the pressure regulator to prevent the particulates from interfering with the operation of the pressure regulator and/or damaging the pressure regulator.
According to a possible feature of the invention, the tank of granular particles comprises a flange fixed to the apparatus, on which flange the particles in the tank are intended to rest, wherein said at least one opening of the outer pipe is placed above said flange, tangential to said flange. Thus, by enlarging the venturi effect created in the channel, the opening will enable the granular particles to be picked up from the lower part of the tank immediately above the flange. Advantageously, the opening is circular.
According to one possible feature of the invention, the outer tube has two diametrically opposed openings. In this way, if a granular particle blocks, at least partially blocks, one of the openings, the other opening can continue to function properly, allowing other granular particles to pass through.
According to a possible feature of the invention, the spraying device is made of aluminium. Such a material is very suitable for the spraying device according to the invention, but is in no way limiting. In practice, the materials used must have good mechanical strength while remaining light in order to avoid the trains being subjected to more weight. Plastic materials may also be suitable.
According to one possible feature of the invention, the granular particles are sand grains. Indeed, sand is most often used with this type of spraying apparatus. These sand particles may have edges or may be rounded. Sand is particularly suitable for increasing the grip of train wheels on the track and is preferred because of its natural abundance.
According to a possible feature of the invention, the injection device comprises a pneumatic interface placed in the lower zone of the injection device, so as to allow easy connection of a store of pressurized air, regardless of the configuration of the train in which the injection device is to be installed. In this way, the apparatus can easily connect a train air supply circuit with such a spraying apparatus, regardless of the configuration of the train.
The spraying device according to the invention has several advantages:
-reducing the risk of clogging and blocking;
providing interchangeability of equipment regardless of the pressure and orientation of the train, rail, sand, air supply;
-providing interchangeability of granular material regardless of the pressure and orientation of the train, rail, air supply;
-reducing maintenance operations of the operator;
-providing a mechanical adjustment of the sand flow rate that can be directly adjusted on the injection device;
-making the adjustment mechanism accessible to train operators and manufacturers;
the spraying device has a low mass (about 1kg in the case of aluminum) and a small floor space;
-limiting the mass of combustible material to a maximum of 100g to meet NF EN 45545 fire/smoke protection standards.
Drawings
Preferred embodiments of the spraying apparatus according to the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the following single drawings: apparatus and method for controlling the operation of a device
Fig. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a spraying device according to the invention.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 shows a particle spraying device 1 according to the invention mounted on a train. In this way, concepts such as "upper", "lower", "horizontal" or "vertical" will be directly referred to in this fig. 1.
The particle spraying device 1 according to the invention is intended to be mounted on a train in order to spray the particles between the wheels of the train and the track of the rail on which the train is travelling, so as to prevent said wheels from sliding on said track. In practice, these particles are intended to be introduced between the wheels of the train and the tracks on which said train is travelling, so as to increase the contact conditions between these wheels and these tracks and thus prevent said wheels from sliding on the tracks.
Throughout the following detailed description, the granular particles to be sprayed onto the wheel by the spraying device 1 according to the invention are natural sand particles, which may have edges or may be circular.
Referring to fig. 1, the sand injection apparatus according to the present invention schematically comprises an air inlet 2, a lower section 3, an upper section 4 placed above the lower section 3 and in contact with the lower section 3, and an outlet 5 for an air/sand mixture.
The lower section 3 is an elongated member having an inner channel extending along the longitudinal and horizontal axes of the member. The inner channel comprises a first section 6, a hole 7 and a second section 8. The first section 6, the hole 7 and the second section 8 are cylindrical and aligned front to back such that the axes of rotation of the first section 6, the hole 7 and the second section 8 coincide and such that the hole 7 is interposed between the first section 6 and the second section 8. These three elements 6, 7, 8 of the inner channel extend horizontally. The first section 6 and the second section 8 have substantially the same diameter and the hole 7 has a diameter which is significantly smaller than the diameter of the two sections 6, 8.
The air inlet 2 is formed by an elbow connector 9, which elbow connector 9 has a horizontal duct 10 and a vertical duct 11, wherein said vertical duct 11 extends said horizontal duct 10. The vertical duct 11 enters the first section 6 of the lower section 3 from below and is perpendicular to the rotation axis of said first section 6. Air originating from the air circulation network of the train will initially pass through the first horizontal duct 10 and then through the second vertical duct 11 to the first section 6. According to another alternative embodiment of the invention, the elbow connector 9 may be replaced by a straight tube connector extending horizontally.
The first section 6 contains a pressure regulator 12 to obtain a given operating pressure and implicitly a given flow rate, regardless of the characteristics of the air flow in the train system. Air enters this regulator 12 from the vertical duct 11 of the air inlet 2 and then passes through the small diameter orifice 7 after pressure and flow rate are regulated by said pressure regulator 12. The position of the pressure regulator 12 in the lower section 3 is such that mechanical adjustment of the pressure regulator 12 from outside the injection device 1 is allowed. In practice, the pressure regulator 12 has an adjustment member 13, which adjustment member 13 protrudes from the injection device 1 and allows to directly adjust said pressure regulator 12 to obtain the desired pressure in said device 1. For example, the adjustment member 13 may be formed by a knob. The possibility of adjusting the flow rate of the granular material to be ejected from the spraying device 1 by means of the pressure regulator enables the user to choose freely to adjust the device 1 as desired, irrespective of the granular material, the air pressure and flow and the upstream air circuit.
The diameter of the holes 7 ranges between 2mm and 3.5 mm. For sand particles commonly used in trains, hole diameters less than 2mm may cause particles to become jammed in the holes. Even with a 10 bar air flow, it may not be sufficient to extract these particles. Holes greater than 3.5mm may attenuate the venturi phenomenon or may result in excessive sand flow rates.
The presence of the small diameter hole 7 associated with the second enlarged diameter section 8 allows to generate a negative pressure in said second section 8 by venturi effect. This configuration allows to dispense with the nozzles normally used in such air injection plants, avoiding the need to define injection plants that are particularly suited to a given type of train and to a given granular material. Thus, the train operator can easily change the granular material of the injection apparatus and use the pressure regulator 12 or air flow rate limiter adjustment to define the desired sand flow rate.
The integrated pressure regulator 12 allows for reduced maintenance while improving the reliability of the injection device 1. Apparatus and method for controlling the operation of a device
Preferably, a filter is interposed between the orifice 7 and the pressure regulator 12 to prevent sand from rising towards said regulator 12, which might otherwise interfere with the operation of the regulator or damage it.
The upper section 4 comprises: a flange 14, which flange 14 extends in a horizontal plane and is provided with a circular central opening; an outer pipe 15; and an inner part 16, the inner part 16 being accommodated in said outer pipe 15. The outer tube 15 is cylindrical and has a first closed end 17 and a second open end, wherein said two ends 17 are considered along the rotation axis of said outer tube 15. The outer tube 15 is inserted into the central opening of the flange 14 such that the second open end is located in said flange 14 and such that the first closed end 17 is remote from the flange 14. In other words, the outer tube 15 protrudes from the flange 14 such that the first closed end 17 of the outer tube 15 is exposed from the flange 14. The outer diameter of the outer tube 15 is smaller than the diameter of the central opening of the flange 14 so that said tube 15 can be inserted into said opening while remaining in contact with the wall of the flange 14 defining said opening.
The inner part 16 comprises an enlarged cylindrical base 18 extending from a conical body 19, the cross section of the conical body 19 gradually decreasing from said base 18. The inner part 16 comprises a central cylindrical inner channel 20, which central cylindrical inner channel 20 has a constant diameter and passes through the base 18 and the conical body 19. More specifically, the axis of rotation of the central internal passage 20 comprises a first segment corresponding to the axis of rotation of the base 18 and a second segment corresponding to the axis of rotation of the conical body 19. The inner part 16 is placed in the duct 15 such that the cylindrical base 18 is inserted into the portion of said duct 15 placed in the central opening of the flange 14 and such that the conical body 19 extends towards the first closed end 17 of said duct 15. The base 18 is inserted into the pipe 15 while remaining in contact with said pipe 15, thereby providing a sealed connection with the pipe 15. The tapered body 19 of the inner member 16 has a variable outer diameter that tapers from the base 18 to a small diameter end near the closed end 17 of the tube 15. The conical body 19 forms a first annular free space 21 with said duct 15. Similarly, the free end of the body 19 is retracted from the first closed end 17 of the duct 15, forming a second free space 22 with said first end 17, wherein the free end of the body 19 has a smaller diameter and is opposite the end that contacts the base 18.
The duct 15 has two diametrically opposed openings 23, 24, which openings 23, 24 are located immediately above the base 18 of the inner part 16 and tangential to said base 18. These two openings 23, 24 connect an outer space 25 located near the pipe 15 and a first annular free space 21 located between the conical body 19 and the wall of said pipe 15. This outer space 25 is occupied by a sand pot placed on the flange 14, which sand pot is fixed to the lower section 3 by means of screws 27. Sha Guan 25 is also secured to the flange 14 by screws (not shown in the figures) wherein a seal 26 is interposed between the flange 14 and the sand tank 25 to provide a good seal between these two elements.
The outlet 5 of the device 1 is formed by at least one rigid end piece 28, which rigid end piece 28 is in fluid communication with the second section 8 of the inner channel in the lower section 3. Tubing is fitted around the rigid end piece 28 to deliver sand to a specific area on the train between the wheels of the train and the track of the rail on which the train is traveling.
The operating principle of the injection device 1 according to the invention comprises the steps of: the pressure regulator 12 is pre-adjusted to set the desired air pressure and flow rate for the removal of sand. This first step is followed by the following steps: the air supply to the spraying device 1 is turned on, allowing air to pass first through the horizontal section 10 of the elbow connector 9, then through the vertical section 11, and then through the pressure regulator 12. The air whose pressure has been changed by the pressure regulator 12 is then led to the small-diameter cylindrical bore 7 and subsequently into the second section 8, where a negative pressure is generated by the venturi effect. As a result of this negative pressure, the sand present in the tank passes through the two openings 23, 24 in the outer pipe 16 of the upper section 4 and then rises into the first annular free space 21 and then into the second free space 22 and then descends again through the inner channel 20 of the inner part 16. The particles then reach the second segment 8 where the negative pressure prevails, and are then driven towards the rigid outlet end piece 28 and then discharged by a tube fitted around said rigid end piece 28.
Claims (10)
1. An apparatus (1) for spraying a granular material between a wheel of a train and a track of a rail, the apparatus (1) being intended to be mounted on the train and comprising:
-an air inlet (2);
-a hole (7) with a small cross-section and an enlarged passage (8), said hole (7) entering said enlarged passage (8) while being aligned with said enlarged passage (8) along the same axis, wherein both elements (7, 8) are intended to create a negative pressure by venturi effect;
-an interface connected to a tank (25) of granular particles;
-means for transporting said granular particles from said tank (25) to said expansion channel (8), said transporting means comprising: -a cylindrical outer duct (15), said cylindrical outer duct (15) being provided with at least one opening (23, 24) into said tank (25); and an inner conical member (16), said inner conical member (16) being placed inside said outer pipe (15) and having an inner channel (20), said inner channel (20) being perpendicular to said enlarged channel (8) and entering said enlarged channel (8), wherein said conical member (16) forms a space (21, 22) with said outer pipe (15) such that particles first pass through said at least one opening (23, 24) and then rise through said space (21, 22) due to venturi effect and then descend towards said enlarged channel (8) while passing through said inner channel (20) of said conical member (16);
-at least one connecting duct (28), on which connecting duct (28) a tube is intended to be fixed to distribute the granular particles originating from the expansion channel (8) between the wheels and the track of the train,
characterized in that it comprises a pressure regulator (12) interposed between said air inlet (2) and said hole (7) of small cross section, so as to obtain a given operating pressure for the air entering the injection device (1), irrespective of the characteristics of said air inlet (2) provided by the train in which the injection device (1) is to be installed.
2. The injection device according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure regulator (12) has a control member (13) protruding from the injection device (1) in order to allow mechanical adjustment of the pressure regulator (12) and to allow a desired operating pressure to be obtained in the injection device (1).
3. The spraying device according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the hole (7) and the expansion channel (8) with small cross-sections are cylindrical and aligned front-to-back such that the axes of rotation of the hole (7) and the expansion channel (8) coincide.
4. A spraying device according to claim 3, characterized in that the diameter of the cylindrical hole (7) ranges between 2mm and 3.5 mm.
5. The spraying device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it comprises a filter interposed between the pressure regulator (12) and the orifice (7) to prevent the potential rise of the granular particles originating from the enlarged passage (8) towards the pressure regulator (12).
6. The spraying device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the particle tank (25) comprises a flange (26), the flange (26) being fixed to the device (1), and that the granular particles in the tank (25) are intended to rest on the flange (26), and wherein the at least one opening (23, 24) of the outer duct (15) is placed above the flange (26) tangential to the flange (26).
7. The spraying device according to claim 6, characterized in that the outer pipe (15) has two diametrically opposed openings (23, 24).
8. The spraying apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the apparatus is made of aluminium.
9. The spraying apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the granular particles are sand particles.
10. The injection device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it comprises a pneumatic interface placed in a lower region of the injection device (1) so as to allow easy connection of a store of pressurized air, regardless of the configuration of the train in which the injection device (1) is to be installed.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FRFR2103909 | 2021-04-15 | ||
| FR2103909A FR3121903A1 (en) | 2021-04-15 | 2021-04-15 | Granular material ejection device for train |
| PCT/FR2022/050323 WO2022219254A1 (en) | 2021-04-15 | 2022-02-22 | Granular material ejection device for a train |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN117157223A true CN117157223A (en) | 2023-12-01 |
Family
ID=76601339
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202280028712.7A Pending CN117157223A (en) | 2021-04-15 | 2022-02-22 | Granular material spraying apparatus for train |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4323252A1 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20230172522A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN117157223A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR3121903A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2022219254A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10252466A1 (en) * | 2002-11-10 | 2004-05-27 | Ibeg Systems Gmbh | Air powered sand spreader and sand spreading method |
| US6976713B2 (en) * | 2003-02-18 | 2005-12-20 | Tom Kish | Apparatus for use in applying granular material to a rail |
| FR3002990B1 (en) * | 2013-03-07 | 2016-09-02 | Belles Ondes Forges | DEVICE FOR EJECTING GRANULAR MATERIAL WITH VENTURI |
| DE102013016168A1 (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2015-04-02 | Knorr-Bremse Systeme für Schienenfahrzeuge GmbH | Radiator for a sanding device and sanding device for a rail vehicle |
-
2021
- 2021-04-15 FR FR2103909A patent/FR3121903A1/en active Pending
-
2022
- 2022-02-22 WO PCT/FR2022/050323 patent/WO2022219254A1/en active Application Filing
- 2022-02-22 KR KR1020237038917A patent/KR20230172522A/en unknown
- 2022-02-22 EP EP22710682.0A patent/EP4323252A1/en active Pending
- 2022-02-22 CN CN202280028712.7A patent/CN117157223A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP4323252A1 (en) | 2024-02-21 |
| WO2022219254A1 (en) | 2022-10-20 |
| KR20230172522A (en) | 2023-12-22 |
| FR3121903A1 (en) | 2022-10-21 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US5947800A (en) | Pneumatic suction surface blasting apparatus with an improved media delivery regulating system | |
| WO2001037980A3 (en) | Device for coating particles | |
| JP5393983B2 (en) | Bulk material precision transfer chute device | |
| CN107406084B (en) | Pneumatic conveying device and metering device with injection pump for flowable material and sanding device | |
| US20070028976A1 (en) | Flow development chamber | |
| EP3052367B1 (en) | Sand dispenser for a rail vehicle and method for providing sand for a rail vehicle | |
| US5421767A (en) | Media control valve | |
| EP1182109B1 (en) | Slip prevention particle injection device | |
| CA2175301C (en) | Improved pressurization system for abrasive supply pot | |
| EP0178120B1 (en) | Venturi powder pump | |
| CN117157223A (en) | Granular material spraying apparatus for train | |
| US2530689A (en) | Powder dispenser | |
| US20030102038A1 (en) | Flow development chamber | |
| CN108939754A (en) | The high speed water veil stream inhibition system that open space dust overflows scattered | |
| CN211463586U (en) | Air-assisted sprayer preventing nozzle from being blocked | |
| CN108100506A (en) | Ceramic superconductivity high pressure rotary-cut blockage-clearing device | |
| CN205932317U (en) | Three -dimensional uninstallation feed spoon of coal conveying system | |
| CN100434317C (en) | Antiskid material sprinkling apparatus | |
| US9669372B2 (en) | Process for loading ceramic spheres into a vertical reactor | |
| AU2011236585B2 (en) | Flash furnace velocity control | |
| US6085987A (en) | Counter balance assembly for grain conduit | |
| US7364347B2 (en) | Fluidising apparatus | |
| WO2013164286A1 (en) | Venturi assisted transportation system and method for solid objects | |
| DE10056810B4 (en) | Oil mist lubrication device | |
| EP0314022B1 (en) | Method and device for moving granular means for dental prosthesis treatment |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |