CN117154277B - Recovery system and method for separating black powder from waste lithium batteries - Google Patents
Recovery system and method for separating black powder from waste lithium batteries Download PDFInfo
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- CN117154277B CN117154277B CN202311422055.7A CN202311422055A CN117154277B CN 117154277 B CN117154277 B CN 117154277B CN 202311422055 A CN202311422055 A CN 202311422055A CN 117154277 B CN117154277 B CN 117154277B
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 262
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 8
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000010405 clearance mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009854 hydrometallurgy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000004237 Crocus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000596148 Crocus Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JRBRVDCKNXZZGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;copper Chemical group [AlH3].[Cu] JRBRVDCKNXZZGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010006 flight Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007648 laser printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001698 pyrogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009853 pyrometallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010926 waste battery Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/20—Graphite
- C01B32/21—After-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
- C01D15/00—Lithium compounds
- C01D15/08—Carbonates; Bicarbonates
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of pyrolysis of waste lithium batteries, in particular to a recovery system for separating black powder from waste lithium batteries and a recovery method thereof, wherein the recovery system comprises a pyrolysis system and a screening system, and the pyrolysis system comprises pyrolysis reactor main body equipment and smoke heating equipment; the main body equipment of the pyrolysis reactor comprises the pyrolysis reactor and a rotating shaft rotatably connected inside the pyrolysis reactor, wherein cleaning mechanisms are equidistantly arranged on the rotating shaft and can be in flexible contact with the inner wall of the pyrolysis reactor; the flue gas heating equipment is arranged at the periphery of the pyrolysis reactor, hot flue gas is provided for indirectly heating the pyrolysis reactor, and a flue gas outlet of the flue gas heating equipment is provided with a temperature sensor. By adopting the recovery system and the recovery method, the black powder can be recovered from the pyrolysis solid of the waste lithium battery, so that the yield of the black powder subjected to primary screening is obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of recycling of waste lithium batteries, in particular to a recovery system for separating black powder from waste lithium batteries and a recovery method thereof.
Background
The recovery treatment of the waste lithium batteries is the most popular research direction in the new energy industry. The way for recycling valuable components of the waste lithium batteries can be divided into two major categories, namely hydrometallurgy and pyrometallurgy. Hydrometallurgy mainly converts the anode material into salt through acid leaching/alkaline leaching/bioleaching/electrochemical deposition and other processes; the process of recycling the waste lithium battery black powder by adopting the pyrogenic process is approximately as follows: the battery pack is disassembled into modules, crushed and separated for one to three times, and large-block diaphragms and plastics are selected. Organic substances such as PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) and plastics in the adhesive in the lithium battery are pyrolyzed by a vacuum furnace, and then pyrolysis products are scattered, and black powder attached to the copper-aluminum foil pole piece is separated by sieving.
At present, conventional pyrolysis equipment for lithium batteries is mainly a rotary kiln pyrolysis reactor, but rotary kiln pyrolysis cannot be continuously operated, and has various technical defects such as low heat efficiency, high maintenance difficulty, poor air tightness, uneven material heating, high yield of black powder obtained by multi-stage screening when black powder is recovered from pyrolysis solids, and high impurity content of the black powder obtained by primary screening.
Therefore, a recovery system and a recovery method for separating black powder from waste lithium batteries are provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to provide a recovery system and a recovery method for separating black powder from waste lithium batteries, which adopt charged crushing and pyrolysis to realize the recovery of the black powder from the waste batteries with high yield. The system and method of the present application provides for sufficient removal of electrolyte and plastic membrane, etc., during the pyrolysis stage, to separate the black powder and copper, aluminum, etc. materials into the pyrolysis solids. When retrieving the black powder in the pyrolysis solid that obtains from the pyrolysis system that adopts this application, the process of first order screening is simple, and is short in time to the yield of black powder is high, and impurity content can control at lower level.
In order to achieve the above object, on the one hand, the present application provides the following technical solutions:
a recovery system for separating black powder from waste lithium batteries, the recovery system comprising a pyrolysis system and a sieving system, the pyrolysis system comprising pyrolysis reactor main body equipment and heating equipment;
the main pyrolysis reactor equipment comprises a pyrolysis reactor 2 and a rotating shaft 24 rotatably connected inside the pyrolysis reactor 2, wherein two ends of the rotating shaft 24 extend to the pyrolysis reactor 2, the rotating joint of the pyrolysis reactor 2 and the rotating shaft 24 is sealed, and one end of the rotating shaft 24 is provided with a driving piece;
the cleaning mechanisms 3 are equidistantly arranged on the rotating shaft 24, and the cleaning mechanisms 3 can be in flexible contact with the inner wall of the pyrolysis reactor 2;
the upper side of the outside of the pyrolysis reactor 2 is provided with a feed inlet 21, and the lower side of the outside of the pyrolysis reactor 2 is provided with a discharge outlet 23;
heating equipment is arranged at the periphery of the pyrolysis reactor and is used for indirectly heating the pyrolysis reactor,
the screening system comprises a grinding device and a screening device, wherein the grinding device and the screening device are used for grinding and screening pyrolysis solids, and the mesh size of the screening device is 100-150 meshes.
In one embodiment, the cleaning mechanisms 3 are equidistantly arranged along the length direction of the rotating shaft 24, and are staggered in the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft 24.
In one embodiment, the cleaning mechanism 3 comprises a connecting rod 31 fixedly connected with the rotating shaft 24, a movable inner tube 36 is vertically fixed at one end of the connecting rod 31 far away from the rotating shaft 24, two ends of the movable inner tube 36 are sleeved and rotatably connected with a movable outer tube 35, a scraper 32 is fixed at the outer part of the movable outer tube 35,
one end of the scraping plate 32 is fixed with a balancing weight 34, the other end of the scraping plate 32 is of an arc-shaped structure design, and the arc can be attached to the inner wall of the pyrolysis reactor 2;
and a limit stop 33 with an arc structure is fixed at the upper end of the connecting rod 31 near the movable inner tube 36 and is used for adjusting the inclination angle of the scraping plate 32.
In one embodiment, the heating device is a flue gas heating device, and comprises a flue gas heating box 1, wherein the upper side and the lower side of the flue gas heating box 1 are provided with communication ports, and the two communication ports are distributed relatively.
In one embodiment, two or more groups of cleaning mechanisms 3 are arranged on the rotating shaft 24, and the included angles of two adjacent groups of cleaning mechanisms 3 in the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft 24 are the same, and the included angles are 30-180 degrees.
In one embodiment, the pyrolysis system comprises a two or more stage pyrolysis reactor body apparatus, a two or more stage flue gas heating apparatus,
the main body equipment of each stage of pyrolysis reactor is matched with primary flue gas heating equipment; or two or more pyrolysis reactor main body devices share one flue gas heating device;
wherein, the pyrolysis reactor discharge outlet 23 of the main pyrolysis reactor device of the upper stage is communicated with the pyrolysis reactor feed inlet 21 of the main pyrolysis reactor device of the lower stage.
On the other hand, the application provides a recycling method for separating black powder from waste lithium batteries, which comprises the following steps:
carrying out charged crushing on the waste lithium batteries, and protecting inert gas in the crushing process;
the crushed raw materials are sent into a pyrolysis reactor 2, the pyrolysis reactor 2 is indirectly heated through heating equipment, and pyrolysis reaction is carried out to obtain pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis solids;
the temperature of the pyrolysis reaction is 350-450 ℃, and the residence time of the raw materials in the pyrolysis reactor is 20-60min;
and grinding and sieving the pyrolysis solid to obtain black powder, wherein the grinding time is 10-15min, and sieving the black powder by a 100-150 mesh sieve.
In one embodiment, the yield of black powder is greater than 98%, even greater than 99%, even greater than 99.5% after milling and sieving the pyrolyzed solids.
In one embodiment, the inert gas is nitrogen, and the size of the crushed waste lithium batteries is between 1 cm and 3cm.
In one embodiment, the flue gas flow of the flue gas heating device is controlled to be in the range of 3000-5000Nm 3 In the range of/h.
In one embodiment, the flue gas heating device has a flue gas inlet temperature in the range of 500-700 ℃ and a flue gas outlet temperature in the range of 250-300 ℃.
In one embodiment, the temperature fluctuation at the flue gas outlet is controlled to be within 50 ℃.
In one embodiment, the pyrolysis solids after milling have a particle size of less than 2mm.
In one embodiment, the heating device is an electromagnetic heating device, wherein the electromagnetic heating device has a power in the range of 500-1000kw.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this application are:
1. the method adopts a specific pyrolysis technology, and can obtain the black powder from the waste lithium battery with high yield. After the waste lithium battery is treated by the pyrolysis system, the electrolyte, the plastic diaphragm, PVDF and the like are effectively removed, so that adhesion between black powder and copper and aluminum is reduced during subsequent separation; the obtained pyrolysis solid is subjected to short-time grinding and primary screening to obtain high-yield black powder, wherein the copper content in the black powder is controlled below 0.40 wt% and the aluminum content is controlled below 0.30 wt%;
2. this application turns over shovel through designing clearance mechanism, not only can help the material in the pyrolysis reactor, and abundant heating decomposes, and the removal displacement of the inside material of being convenient for simultaneously to scrape the clearance through the scraper blade that designs in the clearance mechanism can be better to the attachment of pyrolysis reactor inner wall, be favorable to battery diaphragm and PVDF fully pyrolysis to decompose, help follow-up fully crocus and screening to the black powder.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the pyrolysis system of the present application;
FIG. 2 is an overall structural elevation view of the pyrolysis system of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the pyrolysis reactor body apparatus of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the pyrolysis reactor body apparatus of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a structural view of the cleaning mechanism of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a symmetrical distribution view of the cleaning mechanism of the present application;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a cleaning mechanism of the present application;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a secondary pyrolysis system of the present application.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1. a heating device; 2. a pyrolysis reactor; 21. a feed inlet; 22. a motor; 23. a discharge port; 24. a rotation shaft;
3. a cleaning mechanism; 31. a connecting rod; 32. a scraper; 33. a limit stop; 34. balancing weight; 35. a movable outer tube; 36. a movable inner tube.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden from the present disclosure, are within the scope of the present disclosure.
The recovery system of the present application comprises a pyrolysis system comprising a pyrolysis reactor body device 2 and a heating device 1. As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the pyrolysis reactor main body device comprises a pyrolysis reactor 2 and a rotating shaft 24 rotatably connected inside the pyrolysis reactor 2, wherein two ends of the rotating shaft 24 extend to the pyrolysis reactor 2, the rotating connection part of the pyrolysis reactor 2 and the rotating shaft 24 is sealed, and one end of the rotating shaft 24 is provided with a driving piece; the driving member may be a motor 22 separately provided to the pyrolysis reactor and fixed to one end of the rotation shaft 24 for driving the rotation shaft 24 to rotate.
The upper side of the outside of the pyrolysis reactor 2 is provided with a feed inlet 21, and the lower side of the outside of the pyrolysis reactor 2 is provided with a discharge outlet 23.
In one example of the pyrolysis system of the present application, the heating device 1 wraps around the outer wall of the pyrolysis reactor. In an embodiment in which the heating device is a flue gas heating device, the flue gas heating device is arranged around the outer wall of the pyrolysis reactor, a hollow channel is formed between the outer wall of the pyrolysis reactor and the inner wall of the flue gas heating device for circulating hot flue gas for indirect heating of the pyrolysis reactor. Preferably, the flow direction of the hot flue gas is opposite to the flow direction of the raw materials in the pyrolysis reactor so as to realize sufficient heat exchange.
Cleaning mechanism
As shown in fig. 4, the cleaning mechanisms 3 are equidistantly arranged on the rotating shaft 24 in the pyrolysis reactor 2; the cleaning mechanisms 3 are arranged in a plurality at equal intervals along the length direction of the rotating shaft 24, and are distributed at a certain included angle in the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft 24.
As shown in fig. 3, the cleaning mechanism 3 includes a link 31 fixedly connected to the rotation shaft 24. As shown in fig. 5, a movable inner tube 36 is vertically fixed at one end of the connecting rod 31 far away from the rotating shaft 24, two ends of the movable inner tube 36 are sleeved and rotatably connected with a movable outer tube 35, and a scraper 32 is fixed at the outer part of the movable outer tube 35; the scraper 32 can rotate at the end of the link 31 by the mechanism of the movable outer tube 35 and the movable inner tube 36.
The cleaning mechanism 3 of the present application can realize flexible contact with the inner wall of the pyrolysis reactor 2 to a certain extent when operating. Here, flexible contact refers to: when the rotating shaft 24 drives the cleaning mechanism 3 to rotate, the scraping plate on the cleaning mechanism 3 can realize continuous tangential contact along the inner wall of the pyrolysis reactor 2 so as to scrape off attachments attached to the inner wall of the pyrolysis reactor 2.
The material in the pyrolysis reactor includes pyrolysis product, still includes old and useless lithium cell raw materials, consequently, the clearance subassembly of this application except plays the effect of striking off pyrolysis reactor inner wall attachment, can also fully turn over the shovel to the raw materials to avoid the raw materials to pile up, influence heat transfer efficiency.
When the pyrolysis system is operated, waste lithium batteries are crushed and then enter the pyrolysis reactor 2 through the feed inlet 21; the heating device provides heat for indirectly heating the pyrolysis reactor 2; the motor 22 drives the rotation shaft 24 to rotate, and the cleaning mechanism 3 is driven to rotate by the rotation of the rotation shaft 24 through the connecting rod 31; along with the continuous change of the rotation angle of the cleaning mechanism 3, the scraping plate 32 rotates at the tail end of the connecting rod 31, and the arc-shaped tail end of the scraping plate 32 is in tangential contact with the inner wall of the pyrolysis reactor 2 to a certain extent, so that attachments attached to the inner wall of the pyrolysis reactor 2 are scraped off.
The term "to some extent" may be: the scraper 32 always maintains tangential contact with the inner wall of the pyrolysis reactor 2 within a rotation angle of more than 30 degrees of the rotating shaft 24; the rotation angle may also be 60 to 180 degrees, preferably 360 degrees.
As an example of the cleaning mechanism, as shown in fig. 3, a limit stop 33 with an arc structure is fixed at the upper end of the connecting rod 31 near the movable inner tube 36, for adjusting the inclination angle of the scraper 32; one end of the scraping plate 32 is fixed with a balancing weight 34, the other end of the scraping plate 32 is of an arc-shaped structural design, and the arc can be attached to the inner wall of the pyrolysis reactor 2. The scraper 32 has a width such that line contact, even surface contact, with the pyrolysis reactor can occur. The width of the scraping plate is not too large or too small, and because the width of the scraping plate is too large, the rotation resistance of the scraping plate can be increased, and the long-time smooth rotation of the scraping plate is not facilitated; the width of the scraping plate is too small, so that the contact area with the pyrolysis reactor becomes small, and the scraping efficiency is affected. In this application, the width of the blade may be 2-15cm, preferably 8-15cm. In one example, the sum of the widths of the flights along the length of the pyrolysis reactor is 0.6 to 0.9 times, such as 0.8 times, the length of the pyrolysis reactor.
The weight 34 is used for adjusting the rotation angle of the squeegee 32 in the rotation direction of the rotation shaft 24, the limit stopper 33 is used for adjusting the rotation angle of the squeegee 32 in the rotation direction opposite to the rotation direction of the rotation shaft 24, and the limit stopper 33 has an arc θ. Under the cooperation of the balancing weight 34 and the limit stop 33, the rotating direction and the rotating reverse direction of the scraping plate 32 on the rotating shaft 24 are controlled, and the rotating angles of the two directions are controlled, so that the tangential contact degree of the cleaning mechanism and the pyrolysis reactor is controlled, and the cleaning degree of attachments on the inner wall of the pyrolysis reactor is controlled.
The volume of the balancing weight is not too large or too small. The volume of the balancing weight is too large, so that the space between the scraping plate and the connecting rod is occupied, and the rotation angle of the scraping plate is influenced; the volume of the balancing weight is too small, so that the rotation angle of the scraping plate is difficult to control in a proper range. In this application, the height of the counterweight above the screed panel may be 1-3cm, for example 2cm.
The broken material of the waste lithium battery mainly comprises a pole piece material and an electrolyte, and pyrolysis products generated after pyrolysis mainly comprise plastic diaphragm pyrolysis oil gas, the electrolyte and the like, so that the thickness of the scraping plate needs to be controlled within the range of 6-10 mm. If the thickness of the scraping plate is too large, the rotation resistance of the reactor is too large; if the thickness of the blade is too small, the scraping strength is affected.
As an example of the cleaning mechanism, under the action of the counterweight, the maximum rotation angle beta between the scraper and the limit stop is 6-15 degrees.
As an example of the cleaning mechanism of the present application, as shown in FIG. 7, the blade weight w 1 Weight of balancing weight w 2 The width m of the scraper blade, the distance L from the balancing weight to the rotation axis of the scraper blade, satisfies the following relationship: (w) 2 ×L+0.5w 1 ×0.5m)/（0.5w 1 ×0.5m）=2~3。
As an example of the cleaning mechanism of the present application, as shown in fig. 6, two sets of cleaning mechanisms 3 are disposed on the same circumferential section of the rotating shaft 24, and the two sets of cleaning mechanisms 3 form an angle of 180 degrees on the circumferential section.
According to the shape and size of the pyrolysis reactor, more groups of cleaning mechanisms can be arranged in the length direction of the rotating shaft; each group of cleaning mechanisms can be distributed on the rotating shaft at equal intervals; the included angle between the connecting rod and the rotating shaft in the cleaning mechanism can be the same or different, and the included angle is at least 30 degrees, for example, 60 degrees or 90 degrees.
Heating apparatus
The heating device 1 of the present application may be a flue gas heating device and an electromagnetic heating device.
In the embodiment of the flue gas heating device, the upper side and the lower side of the flue gas heating device are provided with communication ports, the two communication ports are distributed relatively, and the circulation direction of hot flue gas in the flue gas heating device is opposite to the circulation direction of raw materials in the pyrolysis reactor so as to realize full heat exchange. The flue gas outlet of the flue gas heating equipment is provided with a temperature sensor for monitoring the temperature of the flue gas outlet.
In an embodiment of the electromagnetic heating device, the electromagnetic heating device employs electromagnetic heating and/or heating wire heating means. The power of the electromagnetic heating device is 500-1000kw.
Multistage pyrolysis system
The pyrolysis system of the present application may comprise a two or more stage pyrolysis reactor body apparatus, a two or more stage flue gas heating apparatus, thereby forming a multi-stage pyrolysis system. The main body equipment of each stage of pyrolysis reactor is matched with 1 stage of flue gas heating equipment; or two or more pyrolysis reactor main body devices share stage 1 flue gas heating devices; wherein, the pyrolysis reactor discharge port of the main body equipment of the pyrolysis reactor of the previous stage is communicated with the pyrolysis reactor feed port of the main body equipment of the pyrolysis reactor of the next stage. Optionally, the pyrolysis systems of each stage can be independently connected in series or in parallel.
As an example of the multi-stage pyrolysis system of the present application, as shown in fig. 8, the pyrolysis system is a secondary pyrolysis system, wherein the primary pyrolysis system comprises a 1-1 pyrolysis system and a 1-2 pyrolysis system, and the secondary pyrolysis system comprises a 2-1 pyrolysis system; wherein, the 1-1 pyrolysis system and the 1-2 pyrolysis system are connected in parallel; the 1-1 pyrolysis system and the 1-2 pyrolysis system are respectively connected with the 2-1 stage pyrolysis system in parallel. The 1-1 pyrolysis system, the 1-2 pyrolysis system and the 2-1 stage pyrolysis system are respectively provided with 1 pyrolysis reactor main body equipment. The 2 pyrolysis reactor main body devices of the primary pyrolysis system are communicated at a feed inlet 21, and the discharge outlets of the 2 pyrolysis reactor main body devices are respectively communicated with the feed inlet of the pyrolysis reactor main body device of the secondary pyrolysis system; the pyrolysis reactor body equipment of the secondary pyrolysis system is connected to the feed inlet 21.
Pyrolysis process
The pyrolysis method of the waste lithium battery comprises the following steps:
carrying out charged crushing on the waste lithium batteries, and protecting inert gas in the crushing process;
the crushed raw materials are sent into a pyrolysis reactor 2, the pyrolysis reactor 2 is indirectly heated by flue gas through flue gas heating equipment, and pyrolysis reaction is carried out to obtain pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis solids;
the temperature of the pyrolysis reaction is 400-500 ℃, and the residence time of the raw materials in the pyrolysis reactor is 30-40min;
when the pyrolysis reactor is adopted to carry out pyrolysis on the waste lithium batteries, the yield of the black powder is higher than 98 weight percent, even higher than 99 weight percent, even higher than 99.5 weight percent after the obtained pyrolysis solid is subjected to grinding and selecting.
In one embodiment, the inert gas is nitrogen, and the size of the crushed waste lithium batteries is between 1 cm and 3cm.
In the embodiment of the flue gas heating device, the flue gas flow can be controlled between 3000 and 5000Nm 3 In the range of/h.
The attachments to the inner wall of the pyrolysis reactor mentioned in this application may be: cokes generated by pyrolysis reaction and waste lithium batteries which are not stirred in time and accumulated. These deposits, due to the coating on the inner wall of the pyrolysis reactor, affect the heat exchange efficiency of the hot flue gas and the pyrolysis reactor, resulting in various problems such as uneven pyrolysis, insufficient pyrolysis, unstable pyrolysis, and the like.
The flue gas heating device provides a temperature stable hot flue gas. And a temperature sensor is arranged at the smoke outlet and used for monitoring the temperature fluctuation condition of the smoke outlet in the operation process of the pyrolysis system, so that the accumulation condition of attachments on the inner wall of the pyrolysis reactor is judged. If the temperature fluctuation at the flue gas outlet is small (within 50 ℃) or no temperature fluctuation exists, the inner wall of the pyrolysis reactor can be judged to be basically free of deposit accumulation; if the temperature fluctuation at the smoke outlet is large (higher than 50 ℃), the deposition of attachments with a certain thickness on the inner wall of the pyrolysis reactor can be judged, at the moment, the operation of the pyrolysis system is required to be stopped, the attachments are cleaned, and the pyrolysis system can be restarted.
The recovery system of this application still includes screening system, screening system is milling equipment and screening plant, screening plant's sieve mesh is 100-150 mesh.
By adopting the pyrolysis system to pyrolyze the waste lithium batteries, the temperature fluctuation at the smoke outlet can be controlled within 50 ℃, preferably within 25 ℃, even preferably within 20 ℃, such as within 12 ℃ and within 5 ℃.
The pyrolysis system is used for pyrolyzing the waste lithium batteries, and can continuously run for more than 5 days, preferably more than 10 days, even preferably more than 28 days, and basically no attachments are accumulated.
Adopt pyrolysis system of this application to carry out pyrolysis to old and useless lithium cell, flue gas flow control is 3000-5000Nm 3 Preferably controlled at 3000-4000Nm 3 Preferably at 3500Nm 3 /h。
The pyrolysis system is adopted to carry out pyrolysis on the waste lithium batteries, and the treatment capacity can reach 1000 kg/hour to 1500 kg/hour.
The pyrolysis system is adopted to carry out pyrolysis on the waste lithium batteries, and the rotating speed of the rotating shaft can be 1-5r/min.
Adopt the pyrolysis system of this application to carry out pyrolysis to old and useless lithium cell, the inside material volume filling degree of pyrolysis reactor can reach 20% -60% by volume, and keeps pyrolysis reactor's inner wall to have the attachment basically.
The pyrolysis system is adopted to carry out pyrolysis on the waste lithium batteries, and the flue gas temperature is controlled at 600-700 ℃.
The pyrolysis system is adopted to carry out pyrolysis on the waste lithium batteries, and the yield of the black powder is higher than 97% by weight after the obtained pyrolysis solid is ground and selected.
Adopt the pyrolysis system of this application to carry out pyrolysis to old and useless lithium cell, diaphragm and electrolyte can be fully pyrolyzed and volatilized in the old and useless lithium cell, and pyrolysis solid product is more favorable to follow-up separation because the desorption of diaphragm and electrolyte, only can isolate the product of high purity through simple mill selection. In one embodiment, the pyrolysis solid product is milled for 10-15min and sieved through 100 mesh sieve to obtain high purity black powder.
The pyrolysis system is adopted to carry out pyrolysis on the waste lithium batteries, and the inner wall of the pyrolysis reactor is cylindrical; the pyrolysis reactor may have an inner diameter size of 1.2m to 1.5m.
Furthermore, the pyrolysis system of the present application is continuously operated, i.e. spent lithium batteries continue to enter the pyrolysis reactor. The pyrolysis efficiency of this application pyrolysis system can reach more than 800kg/h, can also reach more than 1000kg/h, can reach 1500kg/h even.
Effects of the present application are explained below by examples and comparative examples.
In the following examples and comparative examples, the waste lithium battery was an aluminum-shell square CATL ternary lithium battery cell, the surface was a blue plastic film package, the laser printing specification of the battery cell was 3.66V×154Wh, the battery size was 148mm×27mm×92mm, and the weight was 820-930g. The waste lithium battery is crushed in an electrified way by utilizing an SPD06180-01 type crusher, nitrogen protection is carried out in the crushing process, the size of the crushed waste lithium battery is 2-3cm, the crushed waste lithium battery comprises positive and negative electrode materials and vaporizable electrolyte, black powder of battery monomers is manually screened by a 100-mesh round screen, and the black powder rate is 66.50 wt% after detection.
Example 1:
and adopting a primary pyrolysis system to carry out pyrolysis process.
Sending the crushed waste lithium batteries into a horizontal cylindrical pyrolysis reactor by a closed spiral feeder, wherein the pyrolysis reactor is 6m long and 1.2m in diameter; 60 groups of cleaning mechanisms are arranged on a rotating shaft of the pyrolysis reactor, each group of cleaning mechanisms is positioned in the same circumferential section, each group of cleaning mechanism comprises 2 connecting rods and 2 scraping plates, and the 2 connecting rods are 180 degrees; the included angle between the connecting rod and the rotating shaft in each cleaning mechanism is 60 degrees;
weight w of scraper 1 =7612 g, weight w of balancing weight 2 3806g, width of the scraper m=8cm, distance from the counterweight to the rotation axis of the scraper l=8cm, (satisfying the following relationship (w) 2 ×L+0.5w 1 ×0.5m)/（0.5w 1 ×0.5m）=2~3）
The pyrolysis reactor is indirectly heated in a flue gas heating mode. The temperature of the flue gas inlet is controlled at 600 ℃, the flue gas outlet is provided with a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the flue gas outlet, and the temperature of the flue gas outlet is about 300 ℃; the pyrolysis temperature is 400 ℃, and the residence time of the waste lithium batteries in the pyrolysis reactor is 30min.
According to the treatment capacity of 1000 kg/hour, the crushed waste lithium batteries are conveyed to a pyrolysis reactor for continuous pyrolysis, the rotating speed of a rotating shaft is 5r/min, and pyrolysis gas discharged from a pyrolysis gas outlet of the pyrolysis reactor comprises plastic pyrolysis oil, gas and electrolyte and enters an incinerator for high-temperature incineration treatment.
And (3) cooling, conveying and discharging pyrolysis solids discharged from a pyrolysis solids outlet of the pyrolysis reactor, and conveying the pyrolysis solids to a pulverizer (brand: forward and remote, model LHQ-150, a linear screen and a 100-mesh screen) for grinding and selecting to obtain black powder and positive and negative metal materials. The black powder is mainly graphite and lithium carbonate materials, and the positive and negative metal materials are mainly copper sheets and aluminum foil materials.
The flue gas outlet temperature fluctuation conditions for the pyrolysis reactor operated for 80 days are shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1
From the temperature monitoring of the flue gas outlet, it can be seen that the pyrolysis system is very stable in operation for 1-10 days, the temperature of the flue gas outlet is always kept at 250 ℃, the temperature of the flue gas outlet is increased to be up to 300 ℃ on the 20 th day of operation, and the temperature of the flue gas outlet is increased to 255 ℃.
The pyrolysis system is stopped, the pyrolysis reactor is checked, and the inner wall of the pyrolysis reactor is found to be accumulated with attachments, mainly cokes, and the average coking thickness is 0.5cm. Analysis shows that the generation of the cokes affects the heat transfer of the flue gas temperature to the pyrolysis materials, so that more heat cannot be transferred to the pyrolysis materials, and therefore, the temperature of the flue gas outlet is increased, and the thermal efficiency of the pyrolysis reaction is affected. During operation, the pyrolysis solid product is collected.
The pyrolysis solid product is subjected to the following grinding and sieving procedures
Adopting a spiral cooler to cool pyrolysis solids in two stages, cooling to 40 ℃, and then sending the pyrolysis solids into a pulverizer to pulverize for 10min, wherein the particle size of the obtained powder is smaller than 2mm; and then screening by adopting a linear screen, wherein the undersize is mainly black powder, and the oversize is mainly copper and aluminum. The yield and impurity content of the obtained black powder are shown in Table 2.
The spiral cooler is a two-stage spiral cooler which is connected in series and indirectly cooled by circulating cooling water, the spiral length is 6000mm, the diameter is 478mm, the pitch is 350mm, and the spiral rotating speed is 10r/min-15r/min.
The specification of the linear sieve is as follows: screen surface size: 500 x 2500mm, mesh size 100 mesh, vibration times: 960 times/min.
As can be seen from Table 2, after 60 days of operation, the soot yield tended to decrease significantly because the inner wall of the pyrolysis reactor gradually adhered to the coke with the increase of the operation time, resulting in a decrease in heat transfer efficiency, resulting in insufficient pyrolysis reaction, and the produced pyrolysis solids contained a certain amount of coke. When the black powder in the pyrolysis solid is subjected to primary screening, a small amount of black powder is attached to the oversize product (mainly copper sheet and aluminum foil), so that the black powder content in the undersize product of the primary screening is reduced.
TABLE 2
Comparative example
According to the same conditions as in example 1, a rotary kiln (length 6m, cylinder diameter 1.2m, no cleaning mechanism) was used to pyrolyze the waste lithium batteries, and the flue gas outlet temperature was monitored. The fluctuation of the flue gas outlet temperature is shown in table 3 below.
TABLE 3 Table 3
The rotary kiln was operated on day 3 and the flue gas outlet temperature was found to be an indication of an increase to 285 on day 10 and 300 ℃ on day 20.
And stopping the furnace on the 20 th day of the operation of the rotary kiln, and checking to find that a large amount of cokes adhere to the inner wall of the rotary kiln, wherein the average coking thickness is 3cm. According to the fluctuation condition of the flue gas outlet temperature, analysis shows that the rotary kiln has coked material on the 3 rd day of operation, and along with continuous accumulation of the coked material, the heat transfer efficiency of the flue gas and pyrolysis materials is gradually reduced, so that coking is more serious.
In this comparative example, the pyrolysis solids were subjected to the pulverizing and sieving process in the same manner as in example 1, and the black powder yield and the impurity content thereof are shown in the following table 4:
TABLE 4 Table 4
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present application, and not for limiting the same; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the corresponding technical solutions from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.
Claims (5)
1. A recovery system for separating black powder from waste lithium batteries is characterized in that: the recovery system comprises a pyrolysis system and a screening system, wherein the pyrolysis system comprises pyrolysis reactor main body equipment and heating equipment;
the main pyrolysis reactor equipment comprises a pyrolysis reactor (2) and a rotating shaft (24) rotatably connected inside the pyrolysis reactor (2), wherein two ends of the rotating shaft (24) extend to the pyrolysis reactor (2), the rotating joint of the pyrolysis reactor (2) and the rotating shaft (24) is sealed, and one end of the rotating shaft (24) is provided with a driving piece;
cleaning mechanisms (3) are arranged on the rotating shaft (24) at equal intervals, and the cleaning mechanisms (3) can be in flexible contact with the inner wall of the pyrolysis reactor (2);
a feed inlet (21) is formed in the upper side of the outer part of the pyrolysis reactor (2), and a discharge outlet (23) is formed in the lower side of the outer part of the pyrolysis reactor (2);
heating equipment is arranged at the periphery of the pyrolysis reactor and is used for indirectly heating the pyrolysis reactor,
the screening system comprises a grinding device and a screening device, wherein the grinding device and the screening device are used for grinding and screening pyrolysis solids, the mesh size of the screening device is 100-150 meshes,
the cleaning mechanisms (3) are equidistantly arranged along the length direction of the rotating shaft (24) and distributed in a staggered manner along the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft (24),
the cleaning mechanism (3) comprises a connecting rod (31) fixedly connected with the rotating shaft (24), one end of the connecting rod (31) far away from the rotating shaft (24) is vertically fixed with a movable inner tube (36), two ends of the movable inner tube (36) are sleeved and connected with a movable outer tube (35) in a rotating way, a scraping plate (32) is fixed on the outer part of the movable outer tube (35),
one end of the scraping plate (32) is fixed with a balancing weight (34), the other end of the scraping plate (32) is of an arc-shaped structural design, and the arc can be attached to the inner wall of the pyrolysis reactor (2); a limit stop (33) with an arc structure is fixed at the upper end of the connecting rod (31) close to the movable inner tube (36) and is used for adjusting the inclination angle of the scraping plate (32),
the heating equipment is flue gas heating equipment, the flue gas heating equipment comprises a flue gas heating box (1), the upper side and the lower side of the flue gas heating box (1) are provided with communication ports, the two communication ports are distributed relatively,
two or more groups of cleaning mechanisms (3) are arranged on the rotating shaft (24), the included angles of two adjacent groups of cleaning mechanisms (3) in the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft (24) are the same, the included angle is 30-180 degrees, the pyrolysis system comprises two or more stages of pyrolysis reactor main body equipment and two or more stages of flue gas heating equipment,
the main body equipment of each stage of pyrolysis reactor is matched with primary flue gas heating equipment; or two or more pyrolysis reactor main body devices share one flue gas heating device;
wherein, the pyrolysis reactor discharge port (23) of the main body equipment of the pyrolysis reactor at the upper stage is communicated with the pyrolysis reactor feed port (21) of the main body equipment of the pyrolysis reactor at the lower stage.
2. A recycling method for separating black powder from waste lithium batteries, characterized in that the recycling method is realized by using the recycling system of claim 1, and comprises the following steps:
carrying out charged crushing on the waste lithium batteries, and protecting inert gas in the crushing process;
the crushed raw materials are sent into a pyrolysis reactor (2), and the pyrolysis reactor (2) is indirectly heated by adopting flue gas through flue gas heating equipment to carry out pyrolysis reaction to obtain pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis solids;
the temperature of the pyrolysis reaction is 350-450 ℃, and the residence time of the raw materials in the pyrolysis reactor is 20-60min;
and grinding and sieving the pyrolysis solid to obtain black powder, wherein the grinding time is 10-15min, and the sieving is 100-150 mesh sieving.
3. The recycling method according to claim 2, wherein the inert gas is nitrogen, and the size of the crushed waste lithium batteries is between 1 cm and 3cm.
4. The recovery method according to claim 2, wherein the flue gas flow rate of the flue gas heating apparatus is controlled to 3000-5000Nm 3 In the range of/h.
5. The recycling method according to claim 2, characterized in that the heating device is an electromagnetic heating device, wherein the power of the electromagnetic heating device is 500-1000kw.
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| KR102334865B1 (en) * | 2021-07-16 | 2021-12-03 | 에스아이에스 주식회사 | Batch processing system for waste lithium secondary battery |
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