CN117123779A - Warhead shell and powder hot isostatic pressing forming method thereof - Google Patents

Warhead shell and powder hot isostatic pressing forming method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117123779A
CN117123779A CN202310944840.2A CN202310944840A CN117123779A CN 117123779 A CN117123779 A CN 117123779A CN 202310944840 A CN202310944840 A CN 202310944840A CN 117123779 A CN117123779 A CN 117123779A
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China
Prior art keywords
isostatic pressing
hot isostatic
shell
sheath
tungsten alloy
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CN202310944840.2A
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CN117123779B (en
Inventor
李少强
罗成
李柯涵
翟宗宏
王晨
杨鑫
李安
王庆相
赖运金
赵霄昊
周晓明
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Xi'an Sino Euro Materials Technologies Co ltd
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Xi'an Sino Euro Materials Technologies Co ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12Both compacting and sintering
    • B22F3/14Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
    • B22F3/15Hot isostatic pressing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/10Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/06Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42BEXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/04Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42BEXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/72Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material
    • F42B12/76Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the casing

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of hot isostatic pressing, and relates to a warhead shell and a powder hot isostatic pressing forming method thereof. The method comprises the following steps: preparing a compact tungsten alloy blank by using a hot forming process; firstly, assembling a tungsten alloy blank into a second sheath, and then filling titanium alloy powder into the second sheath and sealing; and carrying out hot isostatic pressing treatment on the sealed second cladding, and removing the second cladding and the machining allowance through machining treatment to obtain the tungsten-titanium alloy shell. The invention can realize the formation of the tungsten alloy and titanium alloy composite warhead shell, so that the warhead shell not only has excellent armor piercing property and penetration property, but also can lighten the dead weight of the warhead shell, thereby increasing the ammunition loading amount and greatly enhancing the actual combat application performance of the warhead; meanwhile, by using the hot isostatic pressing technology, the densification metallurgical combination of the head part of the tungsten alloy shell and the barrel body of the titanium alloy shell can be ensured, and the shell performance after hot isostatic pressing has isotropy, so that the physical performance of the shell is improved.

Description

Warhead shell and powder hot isostatic pressing forming method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hot isostatic pressing, and relates to a warhead shell and a powder hot isostatic pressing forming method thereof.
Background
The warhead mainly comprises a warhead shell, warhead charges, a fuze device and a safety device. The warhead shell is used for containing the filler and connecting the fuze, so that the warhead forms an integral structure; in most cases, the warhead housing is also the substrate forming the destructive element. The warhead is a battle unit with certain armor piercing capacity and blasting power, so that the improvement of the structural strength of the warhead shell has become an important development direction for improving the penetration and damage capability of the warhead.
With the increase of the speed of the end section of the missile, higher requirements are also put on the kinetic energy penetration warhead shell, and the shell is required to have high strength, high wear resistance and good impact resistance. The traditional warhead shell adopts a manufacturing method of forging and welding, and the problems of uneven materials, concentrated stress and the like easily occur in a welding area, so that the further improvement of the performance of the warhead shell is limited. Generally, the warhead housing is generally made of high-strength steel, titanium alloy, tungsten alloy, or the like; however, in actual use, the high-strength steel warhead shell has better penetration performance, but the high-strength steel has higher density, so that the warhead shell has higher quality, further improvement of the warhead flying speed is limited, the survivability of the warhead is reduced, and the future warhead needs cannot be met. Meanwhile, under the condition that the overall mass of the warhead is certain, the heavy shell means that the loading amount is reduced, and the final damage capability of the warhead is inevitably reduced.
Because the titanium alloy has small density and high strength, the titanium alloy can be used for improving the explosive loading ratio and strengthening the missile damage capability, and has become the preferred material of modern warheads gradually. However, the titanium alloy has high heat insulation shearing sensitivity, is easy to generate shearing damage in high-speed collision to cause failure, and has more severe requirements on the heat insulation shearing resistance of the titanium alloy under the striking collision speed of the warhead in actual combat to keep the integrity of the shell of the titanium alloy warhead after collision. The tungsten alloy has good armor piercing property and penetration property, so the tungsten alloy can be used as a preferable material for manufacturing the high-performance warhead shell, but the tungsten alloy has high density, so the specific gravity can be high, the full tungsten alloy warhead shell can influence the drug loading amount, the processing property of the tungsten alloy is poor, and special processes such as rotary forging and the like are often required to manufacture the long and thin shell, so the tungsten alloy has certain limitation.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been made to overcome the above-described drawbacks of the prior art, and an object of the present invention is to provide a warhead housing and a powder hot isostatic pressing method thereof, which can provide the warhead housing with excellent piercing and penetration properties and can reduce the self weight of the warhead housing.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
in one aspect, the invention provides a powder hot isostatic pressing forming method of a warhead shell, which comprises the following specific steps:
s1, preparing a compact tungsten alloy blank by using a hot forming process and the like;
s2, firstly assembling the tungsten alloy blank into a second sleeve, and then filling titanium alloy powder into the second sleeve and sealing;
and S3, performing hot isostatic pressing treatment on the sealed second cladding, and removing the second cladding and the machining allowance through machining treatment to obtain the tungsten-titanium alloy shell.
Further, the S1 specifically includes:
s1.1, filling tungsten alloy powder into a first sheath and sealing;
s1.2, performing hot isostatic pressing treatment on the sealed first sheath, and removing the first sheath and the machining allowance through machining treatment to obtain a compact tungsten alloy blank.
Further, the granularity of the tungsten alloy powder in the step S1.1 is 10-35 mu m, and the sealing is completed by adopting vacuum electron beam welding in vacuum equipment.
Further, the heat preservation temperature of the S1.2 hot isostatic pressing treatment is 1200-1500 ℃, the pressure maintaining pressure is 130-160 MPa, and the heat preservation time and the pressure maintaining time are 4-8 hours.
Further, the assembling process of the tungsten alloy blank and the second sheath in the step S2 is as follows: firstly, assembling a tungsten alloy blank into a second cladding in an interference manner, turning around to enable the tungsten alloy blank to be located below, then, filling titanium alloy powder into the second cladding, and completing sealing in vacuum equipment by adopting vacuum electron beam welding.
Further, the particle size of the titanium alloy powder is 53-150 mu m.
Further, the heat preservation temperature of the S3 hot isostatic pressing treatment is 900-1000 ℃, the holding pressure is 120-130 MPa, and the heat preservation time and the holding time are 4-8 h.
In another aspect, the invention provides a warhead housing prepared by the powder hot isostatic pressing method described in part or in whole above.
Further, the dynamic yield strength of the tungsten alloy at the head of the warhead shell is 1150-1950 MPa, the static tensile strength is 1050-1350 MPa, and the elongation is 18-25%.
Further, the dynamic yield strength of the titanium alloy of the warhead shell body is 1450-1750 MPa, the static tensile strength is 980-1250 MPa, and the elongation is 22-35%.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the powder hot isostatic pressing forming method provided by the invention can realize densification and diffusion connection of powder and solid; the forming of the tungsten alloy and titanium alloy composite warhead shell can be realized, so that the warhead shell not only has excellent armor piercing property and penetration property, but also can lighten the dead weight of the warhead shell, thereby increasing the ammunition loading amount and greatly enhancing the actual combat application performance of the warhead; meanwhile, by using the hot isostatic pressing technology, the densification metallurgical combination of the head part of the tungsten alloy shell and the cylinder body of the titanium alloy shell can be ensured, and the shell performance after hot isostatic pressing has isotropy, so that the physical performance of the shell is improved; in addition, the near-net forming of the warhead shell can be realized, the removal processing of a large amount of internal materials is not needed, the material utilization rate is high, and the material cost is saved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate principles of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings which are used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it will be obvious to a person skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for powder hot isostatic pressing of a warhead housing according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic process diagram of a method for powder hot isostatic pressing of a warhead housing according to the present invention.
Wherein: 1. a first jacket; 2. tungsten alloy powder; 3. tungsten alloy blank; 4. a second sheath; 5. titanium alloy powder; 6. tungsten-titanium alloy shell.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to exemplary embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, the same numbers in different drawings refer to the same or similar elements, unless otherwise indicated. The implementations described in the following exemplary examples do not represent all implementations consistent with the invention. Rather, they are merely examples of methods consistent with aspects of the invention that are set forth in the following claims.
The invention provides a powder hot isostatic pressing forming method of a warhead shell, which is shown in fig. 1-2 and comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, filling tungsten alloy powder 2 into a first sheath 1 and sealing;
step 2, carrying out hot isostatic pressing on the sealed first sheath 1 containing the tungsten alloy powder 2, and removing the first sheath 1 after the hot isostatic pressing to obtain a compact tungsten alloy blank 3;
step 3, assembling the tungsten alloy blank 3 into a second cladding 4, and then filling titanium alloy powder 5 into the second cladding 4 and sealing;
and 4, performing hot isostatic pressing on the sealed second sheath 4, and then machining to remove the second sheath 4 and the machining allowance, thereby obtaining the tungsten-titanium alloy shell 6.
Specifically:
in the step 1, the tungsten alloy powder 2 is selected from 10-35 mu m-granularity powder to obtain uniform fine-grain tungsten alloy, so that the heat insulation shearing resistance of the tungsten alloy is enhanced, and the sealing of the first sheath 1 is performed in special vacuum equipment for electron beam vacuum sealing welding.
In the step 2, the heat preservation temperature of the tungsten alloy powder 2 during hot isostatic pressing is 1200-1500 ℃, the pressure maintaining pressure is 130-160 MPa, and the heat preservation time and the pressure maintaining time are 4-8 h.
In the step 3, the tungsten alloy blank 3 and the second cladding 4 are assembled in an interference fit mode, the tungsten alloy blank 3 is assembled into the second cladding 4 firstly, then the tungsten alloy blank 3 faces downwards, the titanium alloy powder 5 is filled into the second cladding 4, the granularity of the titanium alloy powder 5 is 53-150 mu m, and the second cladding 4 is sealed and welded in an electron beam vacuum sealing mode in special vacuum equipment.
In the step 4, the heat preservation temperature of the tungsten alloy blank 3+titanium alloy powder 5 in hot isostatic pressing is 900-1000 ℃, the pressure maintaining pressure is 120-130 MPa, and the heat preservation time and the pressure maintaining time are 4-8 h.
In addition, the invention also provides a warhead shell prepared by the powder hot isostatic pressing forming method, wherein the dynamic yield strength of the tungsten alloy at the head of the warhead shell is 1150-1950 MPa, the static tensile strength is 1050-1350 MPa, and the elongation is 18-25%; the dynamic yield strength of the titanium alloy of the warhead shell body is 1450-1750 MPa, the static tensile strength is 980-1250 MPa, and the elongation is 22-35%.
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples for better understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention to those skilled in the art.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a powder hot isostatic pressing forming method of a warhead shell, which comprises the following steps of:
step 1, tungsten alloy powder with granularity of 10-35 mu m is filled into a first sheath 1, and electron beam vacuum sealing welding is carried out in special vacuum equipment;
step 2, carrying out hot isostatic pressing on the first sheath 1 containing the tungsten alloy powder 2 after sealing, wherein the heat preservation temperature during the hot isostatic pressing is 1200 ℃, the holding pressure is 130MPa, and the heat preservation time and the holding time are 8 hours; removing the first sheath 1 by machining after hot isostatic pressing to obtain a compact tungsten alloy blank 3;
step 3, firstly assembling the tungsten alloy blank 3 into a second cladding 4, assembling the tungsten alloy blank and the second cladding 4 in interference fit, then downwards arranging the tungsten alloy blank 3, then arranging titanium alloy powder 5 with the diameter of 53-150 mu m into the second cladding 4, and carrying out electron beam vacuum sealing welding on the second cladding 4 in special vacuum equipment;
step 4, carrying out hot isostatic pressing on the sealed second sheath 4, wherein the heat preservation temperature during the hot isostatic pressing is 900 ℃, the pressure maintaining pressure is 120MPa, and the heat preservation time and the pressure maintaining time are 8 hours; and machining to remove the second sheath 4 and machining allowance to obtain the tungsten-titanium alloy shell 6.
Example 2
The embodiment provides another powder hot isostatic pressing forming method of the warhead shell, which specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, tungsten alloy powder with granularity of 10-35 mu m is filled into a first sheath 1, and electron beam vacuum sealing welding is carried out in special vacuum equipment;
step 2, carrying out hot isostatic pressing on the first sheath 1 containing the tungsten alloy powder 2 after sealing, wherein the heat preservation temperature during the hot isostatic pressing is 1350 ℃, the holding pressure is 140MPa, and the heat preservation time and the holding time are 6 hours; removing the first sheath 1 by machining after hot isostatic pressing to obtain a compact tungsten alloy blank 3;
and 3, firstly assembling the tungsten alloy blank 3 into a second sleeve 4, assembling the tungsten alloy blank and the second sleeve 4 in interference fit, then downwards arranging the tungsten alloy blank 3, then arranging titanium alloy powder 5 with the diameter of 53-150 mu m into the second sleeve 4, and carrying out electron beam vacuum sealing welding on the second sleeve 4 in special vacuum equipment.
Step 4, carrying out hot isostatic pressing on the sealed second sheath 4, wherein the heat preservation temperature during the hot isostatic pressing is 900 ℃, the pressure maintaining pressure is 125MPa, and the heat preservation time and the pressure maintaining time are 6 hours; and machining to remove the second sheath 4 and machining allowance to obtain the tungsten-titanium alloy shell 6.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a powder hot isostatic pressing forming method of a warhead shell, which specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, tungsten alloy powder with granularity of 10-35 mu m is filled into a first sheath 1, and electron beam vacuum sealing welding is carried out in special vacuum equipment;
step 2, carrying out hot isostatic pressing on the first sheath 1 containing the tungsten alloy powder 2 after sealing, wherein the heat preservation temperature during the hot isostatic pressing is 1500 ℃, the holding pressure is 140MPa, and the heat preservation time and the holding time are both 4 hours; removing the first sheath 1 by machining after hot isostatic pressing to obtain a compact tungsten alloy blank 3;
step 3, firstly assembling the tungsten alloy blank 3 into a second cladding 4, assembling the tungsten alloy blank and the second cladding 4 in interference fit, then downwards arranging the tungsten alloy blank 3, then arranging titanium alloy powder 5 with the diameter of 53-150 mu m into the second cladding 4, and carrying out electron beam vacuum sealing welding on the second cladding 4 in special vacuum equipment;
step 4, carrying out hot isostatic pressing on the sealed second sheath 4, wherein the heat preservation temperature during the hot isostatic pressing is 900 ℃, the pressure maintaining pressure is 130MPa, and the heat preservation time and the pressure maintaining time are 4 hours; and machining to remove the second sheath 4 and machining allowance to obtain the tungsten-titanium alloy shell 6.
The comprehensive performance test shows that each performance of the tungsten-titanium alloy shell 6 prepared in the embodiment 1-3 can meet or even exceed the corresponding standard requirement, the dynamic yield strength of the tungsten alloy at the head is 1150-1950 MPa, the static tensile strength is 1050-1350 MPa, the elongation is 18-25%, the dynamic yield strength of the titanium alloy at the body of the warhead shell is 1450-1750 MPa, the static tensile strength is 1050-1250 MPa, the elongation is 22-30%, and the material utilization rate is above 80%.
The foregoing is only a specific embodiment of the invention to enable those skilled in the art to understand or practice the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.
It will be understood that the invention is not limited to what has been described above and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the invention is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A powder hot isostatic pressing forming method of a warhead shell is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
s1, preparing a compact tungsten alloy blank (3) by utilizing a hot forming process and the like;
s2, firstly assembling the tungsten alloy blank (3) into a second sheath (4), and then filling titanium alloy powder (5) into the second sheath (4) and sealing;
s3, performing hot isostatic pressing treatment on the sealed second sheath (4), and removing the second sheath (4) and machining allowance through machining treatment to obtain the tungsten-titanium alloy shell (6).
2. The powder hot isostatic pressing method according to claim 1, wherein S1 is specifically:
s1.1, filling tungsten alloy powder (2) into a first sheath (1) and sealing;
s1.2, performing hot isostatic pressing treatment on the sealed first sheath (1), and removing the first sheath (1) and machining allowance through machining treatment to obtain a compact tungsten alloy blank (3).
3. The powder hot isostatic pressing method according to claim 2, wherein the tungsten alloy powder (2) in S1.1 has a particle size of 10-35 μm and the sealing is performed by vacuum electron beam welding in a vacuum apparatus.
4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the heat-preserving temperature of the S1.2 hot isostatic pressing treatment is 1200-1500 ℃, the holding pressure is 130-160 MPa, and the heat-preserving time and the holding time are 4-8 h.
5. A method of powder hot isostatic pressing according to claim 1, wherein the assembly of the tungsten alloy blank (3) with the second capsule (4) in S2 is as follows: firstly, the tungsten alloy blank (3) is assembled into the second sheath (4) in an interference mode, then the tungsten alloy blank (3) is turned around to be located below, then the titanium alloy powder (5) is filled into the second sheath (4), and vacuum electron beam welding is adopted in vacuum equipment to finish sealing.
6. The powder hot isostatic pressing method according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the titanium alloy powder (5) has a particle size of 53-150 μm.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the heat-preserving temperature of the S3 hot isostatic pressing treatment is 900-1000 ℃, the holding pressure is 120-130 MPa, and the heat-preserving time and the holding time are 4-8 h.
8. A warhead housing prepared by the powder hot isostatic pressing method of any one of claims 1-7.
9. The warhead housing of claim 8, wherein the warhead housing head tungsten alloy has a dynamic yield strength of 1150-1950 MPa, a static tensile strength of 1050-1350 MPa, and an elongation of 18-25%.
10. The warhead housing of claim 8, wherein the dynamic yield strength of the warhead housing body titanium alloy is 1450 to 1750MPa, the static tensile strength is 980 to 1250MPa, and the elongation is 22 to 35%.
CN202310944840.2A 2023-07-28 2023-07-28 Warhead shell and powder hot isostatic pressing forming method thereof Active CN117123779B (en)

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