CN117120398A

CN117120398A - Silicon nitride glass composite material with low thermal diffusivity, low friction coefficient, low thermal conductivity and low thermal expansion coefficient and application thereof

Info

Publication number: CN117120398A
Application number: CN202180033407.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨德宁
Original assignee: Shenzhen Qianhai Fawei New Material Technology Co ltd Shanghai Branch
Current assignee: Shenzhen Qianhai Fawei New Material Technology Co ltd Shanghai Branch
Priority date: 2020-09-15
Filing date: 2021-09-06
Publication date: 2023-11-24
Also published as: CN116194424A; WO2022057518A1; WO2022057654A1; CN113548900A; CN113429212A; WO2022057653A1; CN114195524A

Abstract

The invention discloses an application of a silicon nitride glass composite material with low thermal diffusivity, low friction coefficient, low thermal conductivity and low thermal expansion in an engine, wherein the silicon nitride glass composite material comprises glass powder particles and silicon nitride powder particles; bonding the glass powder particles and wrapping the silicon nitride ceramic powder particles by sintering, wherein the thermal expansion rate of the composite material from 0-40 ℃ to 860 ℃ is equal to or lower than 6.5 (multiplied by 10 < -6 >/DEG C), the softening temperature is more than 860 ℃, and the total content of silicon nitride is 20-90%; the content of the glass powder particles is 8-80%; because the silicon nitride glass composite material needs to be sintered under the atmosphere condition process, a part of components in glass powder particles are changed into crystals, so that the total content of glass phase and non-silicon nitride crystal materials in the final silicon nitride glass composite material is 8-80%; the content of alumina in the glass powder particle is 4-54%, the content of magnesia is 0-22%, the content of silica is 30-82%, the content of calcium oxide is 0-22% and the content of boron oxide is 0-22%. The invention can greatly improve the heat efficiency, save energy and greatly reduce carbon emission.

Description

Application of silicon nitride glass composite material with low thermal diffusivity, low friction coefficient, low thermal conductivity and low thermal expansion in engine

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of new materials of combined inventions and technical element change inventions and the field of application inventions in engine applications, in particular to application of a silicon nitride glass composite material with low thermal diffusivity, low friction coefficient, low thermal conductivity and low thermal expansion in an engine.

None of the existing glass materials, ceramic materials, natural mineral materials, metallic materials and glass-ceramic materials and various prior art product solutions can have the following 6 properties at the same time:

A. low coefficient of friction performance; B. thermal diffusivity is less than 6mm ² Performance of/S (i.e., the ability of an object to be heated or cooled to a uniform temperature, i.e., good thermal shock resistance); C. thermal conductivity is less than 9w/[ (m.K)]The heat energy loss prevention property of (2); D. a low thermal expansion coefficient property of a thermal expansion coefficient equal to or lower than 6.5 (. Times.10-6/. Degree.C.) from 0 to 40 ℃ to 860 ℃; E. high softening point (deformation point) properties with softening temperature > 860 ℃; corrosion resistance chemical properties.

The silicon nitride glass composite material can utilize new properties to actually solve 5 important industrial technical problems of a metal engine and a gas turbine:

the self-lubricating performance of the surface air film layer generated when the silicon nitride material is stressed, especially the self-lubricating performance of the low friction coefficient of the magnetic levitation train (namely the working state without lubricating oil, the effect similar to lubricating oil can be generated), for example, the silicon nitride material is adopted for a large-scale bearing of wind power, and the lubricating oil is not added for decades). Therefore, the technical problems that the friction coefficient of a metal engine cylinder is large and the engine efficiency is seriously affected can be better overcome; therefore, the technical problem that the lubricant effect of the engine oil is reduced due to the fact that the engine oil of the organic lubricant is carbonized and failed in a high-temperature environment of an engine cylinder can be better solved.

It 2. Because of silicon nitride Si ₃ N ₄ And oxygen component in glass material, under certain conditions, 3-30% silicon oxynitride Si is formed ₂ N ₂ O. But silicon oxynitride Si ₂ N ₂ The O material has self-lubricating property with very low friction coefficient (the friction coefficient is much smaller than that of various ceramics such as zirconia ceramics, alumina ceramics and mullite ceramics) when being stressed. Therefore, the technical problem that the lubricant effect of the engine oil is reduced due to the fact that the engine oil of the organic lubricant is carbonized and failed in a high-temperature environment of an engine cylinder can be better solved.

3, as the thermal diffusivity of the silicon nitride glass composite material is less than 6mm ² The performance of/S (i.e. the ability of the object to be uniform and consistent in temperature in heating or cooling, i.e. the property of good thermal shock resistance, is much better than that of various ceramics such as zirconia ceramics, alumina ceramics and mullite ceramics), so that the difficulty in starting the metal engine cylinder under cold climatic conditions can be better overcome, and the damage to the metal engine cylinder can be caused when the engine is driven in severe road conditions of continuously and rapidly increasing the accelerator and continuously and rapidly reducing the acceleratorIs a major problem with the industrial technology of (a); the technical effect of prolonging the service life of the engine can be produced.

The softening point of the silicon nitride glass composite material is 860 ℃, and the thermal expansion rate from 0-40 ℃ to 860 ℃ is equal to or lower than 6.5 (multiplied by 10 < -6 >/DEG C, and the performance is much better than that of various ceramics such as zirconia ceramics, alumina ceramics and mullite ceramics); therefore, the problems in the prior art of the metal engine and the gas turbine can be better overcome and solved, and the problems are as follows: the metal engine and the gas turbine can be deformed to the limit in the cylinder beyond the deformation point (350-450 ℃), so that only cooling water is used for removing heat, and the great technical problem of heat loss is caused.

5. Since the silicon nitride glass composite material is less than 9w/[ (m.K)]The heat conductivity coefficient (which is expressed as the heat transfer quantity per unit area of unit time between fluid or object and object) of the ceramic material is higher than that of various ceramics such as: zirconia ceramics, alumina ceramics and mullite ceramics have very good properties. Therefore, the problems in the prior art of the metal engine and the gas turbine can be better overcome and solved, and the problems are as follows: the thermal diffusivity of engine cylinder of metal engine and gas turbine is greater than 50-120mm ² S, the thermal conductivity is greater than 50-120w/[ (m.K)]The heat energy can be rapidly lost, and the heat energy utilization rate of the metal engine is only 30-35% which is a big problem of industrial technology.

Because the temperature of 300 ℃ can only be born in the cylinder of the metal engine for a long time, the cylinder must be quickly cooled by cooling water, otherwise, the cylinder is pulled to damage the engine; compared with a metal engine cylinder, the temperature of the engine cylinder made of the silicon nitride glass composite material can be higher than that of the metal engine cylinder by a few hundred degrees, and the engine cylinder made of the silicon nitride glass composite material can be kept at 800-1000 ℃ for a long time without being rapidly cooled by cooling water, so that fuel oil in the silicon nitride glass composite material can be fully combusted, gases such as carbon dioxide and the like can be effectively removed, and carbon emission can be greatly reduced compared with that of the metal engine.

Therefore, the temperature in the silicon nitride glass composite material cylinder can be kept 800-1000 ℃ for a long time without being quickly reduced by cooling water, so that more heat energy values can be converted into mechanical power, the silicon nitride glass composite material cylinder is beneficial to solving the great problem that the heat energy utilization rate of the existing metal engine cylinder technology is only 30-35% of industrial technology, and the silicon nitride glass composite material cylinder is beneficial to improving the heat energy utilization rate to 70-85%. Therefore, the silicon nitride glass composite cylinder can greatly improve the thermal efficiency, greatly save the energy, greatly reduce the carbon emission (can greatly change and upgrade the existing national six-emission standard of automobiles and the European emission standard) and can produce the technical effect of slowing down the new trend of global warming in the fields of automobiles, ships, airplanes, diesel, coal and natural gas power generation and the engine and gas turbine industries.

The technical solution of the invention belongs to the new product invention type, also belongs to the application invention which discovers the new property of the product in the new application field, solves 5 important technical problems of the metal engine and the gas turbine by utilizing the new property, and generates new technical effects. As long as 1 new property of 5 new properties is utilized, the great problems of 1 industrial technology of 5 great technical problems of the metal engine and the gas turbine are solved, and the technical effects of greatly improving the heat efficiency, greatly saving energy sources, greatly reducing carbon emission (capable of greatly changing and upgrading the six emission standards of the existing automobile and the emission standards of Europe) and generating a new trend of slowing down global warming are generated. The application of the silicon nitride glass composite material with low thermal diffusivity, low friction coefficient, low thermal conductivity and low thermal expansion in an engine has outstanding substantive characteristics and remarkable progress, and has the creativity specified in the 3 rd clause of patent Law 22.

Background

Automobile companies, marine companies, aircraft companies, thermal electric turbine companies in all countries now, such as: automobile companies such as Toyota automobile company, honda, etc.; automobile companies such as German BMW and the masses; universal motor company and ford motor company in the united states; automobile companies such as Shanghai automobile company, jili automobile company and great wall; and middle marine group, three-well marine diesel; commercial aircraft company in China; wolwa Co Ltd; middle and far group companies; middle sea group company; japan carrier company; kawasaki steamboat company; shanghai steam turbine company; c919 large aircraft engines inc; etc., a specialized institute is established:

Study 1. How to overcome the metal material of the engine cylinder, namely the friction coefficient is also large when adding lubricating oil, the technical problem that the engine efficiency is seriously affected is produced; how to overcome the technical problems that the lubricant effect of the engine oil is reduced when the engine oil of the organic lubricant is carbonized and failed in a high-temperature environment of a metal engine cylinder, and the engine efficiency is seriously affected.

Research 2 how to overcome the difficulty of starting a metal engine cylinder body in cold climates and the thermal diffusivity of a metal material of mm when the engine is driven in a severe road environment with the accelerator being continuously and rapidly increased and the accelerator being continuously and rapidly decreased ² The poor performance of/S (i.e., the ability of the object to be heated or cooled to a uniform temperature, i.e., poor thermal shock resistance, causes problems in industrial technology where the metal engine block is damaged, and in industrial technology where the service life of the engine is shortened).

Research 3 is being conducted on how to overcome and solve the problems of prior art metal engine and turbine cylinders that can develop metal engine cylinder damage beyond the extreme deformation temperature properties of the metal material (350-450 c). That is, because of the great technical problems of poor thermal expansion property of the metal material and low temperature of the limit deformation point, and the high friction coefficient and thermal diffusivity of the material technology ² The great technical problems of poor performance of/S and poor performance of the heat conductivity coefficient w/(m.K), so that the metal engine and the air turbine cylinder can only completely remove the heat affecting the metal material exceeding the limit deformation temperature (350-450 ℃) by using cooling water, thereby causing the great technical problems that the thermal efficiency of converting the fuel heat energy value of the current metal engine and air turbine industry technology into the mechanical power is only 30-35%, and the fuel heat energy value of 30-35% is generated and has to be lost from the air cylinder wall (wherein 20-30% of the fuel heat energy value can be discharged in the air cylinderUnavoidable losses in gas, whereas the turbocharger technology recovers only a small fraction of the thermal energy value of the fuel using the cylinder exhaust).

Research 4 is being conducted on how to overcome and solve the technical problems that in the current metal engine and gas turbine industry technologies, the temperature in a metal engine cylinder is very low and oil cannot be fully combusted and carbon dioxide and other gases can not be removed in the fields of automobiles, ships, airplanes, diesel oil, coal and natural gas power generation.

New solutions are needed to bring about advances in the engine and turbine industries: the heat efficiency and the technical effects of greatly improving the engine horsepower, greatly saving energy, greatly reducing carbon emission (the six emission standards of the existing automobile and the emission standards of Europe can be greatly changed and upgraded) and generating a new trend of slowing down global climate warming when the fuel oil is the same are greatly improved.

In summary, the present invention relates to the technology of silicon nitride glass composite materials, and also relates to several priority patent documents of the inventor 2020 and patent documents of the prior application of the inventor, including the technology of common glass ceramics (non-silicon nitride glass composite ceramics) in glass silicon nitride glass composite materials. In the technical scheme of the silicon nitride glass composite material, in the range of ceramic materials, according to the content of a plurality of priority patent documents, the existence of the silicon nitride glass composite material can be overcome in the range of the preferable narrower silicon nitride glass composite material: 1. low coefficient of friction, 2. Thermal diffusivity mm ² The property of poor performance of/S (namely the capability of the object to be heated or cooled to be uniform in temperature, namely the property of thermal shock resistance), and the like. And can also produce new and better technical effects.

The disadvantages of glass materials, ceramic materials, natural mineral materials, metal materials and glass ceramics materials are as follows:

glass material: (1) in the production process of glass, especially in the forming process after melting, homogenizing and clarifying at a temperature above 1500 ℃, a small amount of aluminum oxide crystals or zirconium oxide crystals or silicon oxide crystals are melted due to high temperature, so that the glass loses the high hardness and high wear resistance of each crystal, and finally the hardness of the glass material is low, the wear resistance is poor and the softening point is low (lower than 850 ℃); (2) it is impossible to produce glass ceramic products with the content of alumina crystals or zirconia crystals or silicon carbide crystals being 20-90% and the high hardness and high wear resistance by the forming process after melting, homogenizing and clarifying at the temperature above 1500 ℃, and it is even impossible to produce silicon nitride glass composite materials with the content of alumina crystals or zirconia crystals or silicon carbide crystals being 20-90% and the high hardness and high wear resistance.

Ceramic material: the ceramic material has high heat conductivity reaching 25-80w/[ (m.K) ]andpoor heat insulation performance.

Metal material: the thermal expansion rate of the metal material at 350-450 ℃ is more than 10 (multiplied by 10 < -6 >/DEG C), and when the temperature is higher than 350-450 ℃, the thermal expansion can be multiplied, so that the metal material can only bear instant high temperature and can not bear higher temperature for a long time, and the higher temperature can lead the metal material to generate large deformation.

Natural mineral material: the natural mineral material has low wear resistance, a large number of cracks in the agglomerated ore, poor strength, and no cracks only when crushed into powder particles (small particles), and has the inherent strength of the natural mineral material.

Microcrystalline glass material: the microcrystalline glass is crystallized and heat treated at a certain temperature system, a large number of tiny crystals are evenly precipitated in the glass to form a compact multiphase complex of microcrystalline phase and glass phase, the crystals in the microcrystalline glass are pure crystals, and the microcrystalline glass material has the following defects: (1) the glass phase of the glass-ceramic has very low alumina content, so that the strength of the glass-ceramic material is very poor, and the glass phase cannot grow high-wear-resistance alumina-containing crystals, such as the total crystals of mullite and magnesia-alumina spinel; (2) microcrystals produced by nucleation and crystal growth, such as wollastonite, lithium-limestone, mullite, gehlte, nepheline, etc., have low hardness and low wear resistance, resulting in a glass-ceramic material having low hardness and low wear resistance; (3) the microcrystalline glass production process cannot exist (form) inorganic nonmetallic materials which are prepared by forming natural or synthetic compounds and sintering at high temperature in glass, including silicon nitride, aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, zirconium oxide and other ceramic crystal nuclei, so that silicon nitride ceramic crystals, aluminum oxide ceramic crystals, silicon oxide ceramic crystals or zirconium oxide ceramic crystals are less likely to be generated from the microcrystalline glass production process, and the proportion of the silicon nitride, aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, zirconium oxide and other ceramic crystals cannot be controlled according to application scenes; (4) the microcrystalline glass material does not have the hardness and the wear resistance of silicon nitride or aluminum oxide or zirconium oxide or silicon carbide; (5) the microcrystalline glass material does not have the property that ceramics such as silicon nitride or aluminum oxide or silicon carbide or zirconium oxide can work for a long time under the condition of high working temperature; (6) the existing microcrystalline glass material production process has low production efficiency and high energy consumption, and can only produce flat-plate-shaped products, but can not produce extremely complex-shaped products, such as: cylinder liner and cylinder block of engine.

2. Ceramic materials have the advantages of high hardness, high wear resistance, and long-term operation at high temperatures, and according to the advantages of ceramic materials, it is also conceivable to replace metal materials with ceramic materials, such as: in Europe, japan and the United states, automobiles with ceramic engine blocks are researched and produced, and in 1990, the first anhydrous cold silicon nitride ceramic engine in Shanghai is known, and the gas inlet temperature can reach 1200 ℃. The fuel consumption efficiency is 213.56g/km.h, which is far lower than 380g/km.h of the prior 1.5L direct injection engine, and is reduced by 80 percent, namely, the heat energy utilization rate is increased by 32 percent compared with 38 percent of the prior 1.5L direct injection engine, and the heat energy utilization rate of the ceramic engine reaches 70 percent. The fundamental difficulties of ceramic engine blocks are: the functional ceramic material cannot be produced at all by a casting process of cast iron (after melting) or a die casting process of aluminum alloy. Functional ceramic materials cannot produce irregularly shaped, complex shaped products, including engine blocks. The forming temperature of the functional ceramic material is about 1700 ℃, in the high-temperature forming process, the ceramic powder at each position of the special-shaped and complex-shaped product cannot be subjected to pressure equalization in the isostatic pressing process, so that the product with uneven density is deformed greatly, for example: the production of tens of engine blocks from functional ceramic materials is not easy to succeed in one product; industrial large-scale and standardized production of products with abnormal shapes and complex shapes cannot be realized at all.

3. In the technical fields of vehicles and ship engines in the world technological front, in particular to the technical fields of engine cylinder blocks and cylinder sleeves, the engine cylinder blocks and the cylinder sleeves are made of metal materials.

The performance defects of the high-strength alloy steel metal material or cast iron material are as follows: (1) the thermal expansion rate is more than 10 (multiplied by 10 < -6 >/DEG C) at 350-450 ℃, and the thermal expansion is multiplied when the temperature is higher than 350-450 ℃, so that the engine can only bear instant high temperature and cannot bear 800-1100 ℃ high temperature for a long time, otherwise, the cylinder sleeve can be greatly deformed, and the engine is damaged; (2) the traditional engine cylinder body and cylinder sleeve must be lower than the cast iron limit deformation point 350-450 ℃, a high-speed cooling liquid circulation system must be adopted to keep the working temperature of the engine cylinder body and cylinder sleeve to be lower than 100-250 ℃, and the heat waste is caused by the fact that the heat conductivity of metal materials reaches more than 40-120w/[ (m K) ], so that the heat energy utilization rate can only be 30-40%; (3) the high-strength alloy steel metal material or cast iron material is not good in hardness and wear resistance, and is also not good in corrosion resistance chemical property and cold and heat temperature difference change resistance.

4. The existing piston type aircraft engines of the heat engines all need to have four stages of air intake, pressurization, combustion and exhaust, the cylinder materials of the piston type aircraft engines of the heat engines all adopt metal materials, and the limit deformation point of the cylinder of the metal materials at the current tip is aluminum alloy 350 ℃ and cast iron 450 ℃; therefore, the working temperature of the cylinder and the engine body must be reduced to between 100 and 250 ℃ by using a cooling liquid or air cooling technology rapidly, and the heat conductivity of the metal material reaches above 40 to 120w/[ (m.K) ]. Although the exhaust gas has heat energy loss, the heat energy is mainly conducted and dissipated through the metal cylinder wall of the engine, so that the heat energy utilization rate of the piston type aircraft engine of the heat engine is only 35%, the waste is too large, the fuel cannot be fully combusted, and the environment protection is affected due to the fact that more harmful gas exists.

5. In the conventional turbine engine of the heat engine type, in principle, the same as the piston type aircraft engine of the heat engine type, four stages of air intake, pressurization, combustion and exhaust are required, but in the piston type aircraft engine of the heat engine type, the four stages are performed in a time-sharing manner, but in the turbine engine of the heat engine type, the four stages are performed continuously, and the gas flows through each part of the turbine engine in sequence, so that the four working positions of the piston type engine correspond. There are two heat losses from the engine: (1) the exhaust gas has great heat energy dissipation; (2) the heat energy is conducted and dissipated through the combustion chamber wall and the turbine wall of the engine, and huge heat energy is also dissipated; resulting in a thermal energy utilization of the engine of only about 40%. The thermal energy utilization of the engine can be greatly improved if thermal energy conduction losses through the combustion chamber walls and turbine walls of the engine can be prevented or reduced.

6. In the existing power process systems of thermal power, nuclear power and huge ships adopting steam turbine technology, the heat energy utilization rate is about 30%, wherein the maximum heat loss is the heat loss of steam, if the heat energy utilization rate is small, the heat loss of steam is greatly improved, and two main aspects exist:

(1) Because the heat conductivity of the metal cylinder shell, the metal steam chamber wall and the metal steam conveying pipeline of the steam turbine reaches 60-120w/[ (m.K) ], the metal cylinder shell and the metal steam chamber wall are the most main interfaces for heat dissipation of the steam at 400-500 ℃, and the metal cylinder shell and the metal steam chamber wall are one of main factors of heat energy loss of the steam turbine.

(2) The steel disk and the outer edge arc metal blades of each stage of the steam turbine have heat conductivity of 60-120w/[ (m.K) ], and are the most main interfaces for generating heat radiation by the steam at 400-500 ℃; this is also one of the main factors in the heat energy loss of the steam turbine.

If the steam heat loss can be prevented or reduced, the heat energy utilization rate of the steam turbine can be greatly improved.

7. The traditional thermal insulation materials comprise aerogel thermal insulation materials, ceramic foaming thermal insulation materials and glass foaming thermal insulation materials; most of the prior aerogel thermal insulation materials are composite materials formed by combining aerogel and reinforcing fibers, and the defects of the materials are that: very weak, very brittle, brittle; the defects of the ceramic foaming heat-insulating material are as follows: very weak, very brittle, brittle; the defects of the glass foaming heat insulation material are as follows: poor strength, very brittle and brittle.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a silicon nitride glass composite material with low thermal diffusivity, low friction coefficient, low thermal conductivity and low thermal expansion coefficient and application thereof.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a silicon nitride glass composite material with low thermal diffusivity, low friction coefficient, low thermal conductivity and low thermal expansion coefficient and application thereof, and is characterized in that the silicon nitride glass composite material comprises glass powder particles and silicon nitride powder particles; bonding and wrapping the silicon nitride ceramic particles by sintering the glass particles, wherein the thermal expansion rate of the silicon nitride glass from 0-40 ℃ to 860 ℃ is equal to or lower than 6.5 (multiplied by 10 < -6 >/DEG C), the softening temperature is more than 860 ℃, and the total content of silicon nitride is 20-90 percent by weight; because the silicon nitride glass composite material needs to be sintered under the atmospheric condition process, oxygen in part of silicon oxide in the glass can be separated out to form part of silicon crystals, so that the content of the glass and the silicon crystal materials is 8-80 percent; the glass powder particles comprise, by weight, 4-54% of aluminum oxide, 0-15% of magnesium oxide, 30-82% of silicon oxide, 0-15% of calcium oxide and 0-15% of boron oxide.

The silicon nitride glass composite material and the application thereof are characterized in that the silicon nitride glass composite material comprises silicon nitride Si in percentage by weight ₃ N ₄ Silicon oxynitride Si ₂ N ₂ The content of O accounts for 20-90% of the total content of the silicon nitride glass composite material.

The thermal diffusivity of the silicon nitride glass composite material is less than 6mm ² S, thermal conductivity less than 9w/[ (m.K)]。

The silicon nitride glass composite material and the application thereof are characterized in that the thermal diffusivity of the silicon nitride glass composite material is less than 4mm ² S, thermal conductanceThe rate is less than 6w/[ (m.K)]。

The silicon nitride glass composite material and the application thereof are characterized in that the thermal expansion rate of the glass composite material from 0-40 ℃ to 1100 ℃ is equal to or lower than 6 (multiplied by 10 < -6 >/DEG C.).

The silicon nitride glass composite material and the application thereof are characterized in that the softening temperature of the silicon nitride glass composite material is more than 1100 ℃.

The silicon nitride glass composite material and the application thereof are characterized in that the silicon nitride glass composite material is characterized in that the content of alumina in glass particles is 35-54%, the content of magnesia is 4-15%, the content of silicon oxide is 22-45%, the content of calcium oxide is 6-15% and the content of boron oxide is 3-6% according to weight percentage.

The silicon nitride glass composite material and the application thereof are characterized in that the silicon nitride glass composite material is used for cylinder liners of vehicle engines, ship engines and heat engine type piston aircraft engines.

The silicon nitride glass composite material and the application thereof are characterized in that the silicon nitride glass composite material is covered on the combustion chamber of a turbine engine of a heat engine type and the surface layer of the shell of the turbine.

The silicon nitride glass composite material and the application thereof are characterized in that the silicon nitride glass composite material is covered on the steam chamber wall of a steam turbine and/or the surface layer of a cylinder layer and/or the surface layer of a steam nozzle and/or the surface layer of a steel disc and/or the surface layer of a blade and/or the surface layer of a cylinder body and/or the surface layer of a steam conveying pipeline.

The silicon nitride glass composite material and the application thereof are characterized in that the silicon nitride glass composite material is covered on the surface of a cylinder sleeve of a piston engine of a generator and/or a shell of a turbocharging system component.

The silicon nitride glass composite material and the application thereof are characterized in that the silicon nitride glass composite material is used for engines of heat engines.

The silicon nitride glass composite material and the application thereof are characterized in that the silicon nitride glass composite material is used for a cylinder body and a cylinder sleeve of a heat engine type engine cylinder.

The silicon nitride glass composite material and the application thereof are characterized in that the silicon nitride glass composite material is covered on the surface of a shell of a turbocharging system component of a heat engine.

The silicon nitride glass composite material and the application thereof are characterized in that the silicon nitride glass composite material is used for a cylinder cover and/or a piston pin and/or a connecting rod and/or an intake valve and/or an exhaust valve of a heat engine.

The silicon nitride glass composite material and the application thereof are characterized in that the silicon nitride glass composite material is used for a cylinder sleeve of a heat engine, the cylinder sleeve of the heat engine comprises an inner layer and an outer layer, the outer layer is made of the silicon nitride glass composite material, the outer layer is sleeved outside the inner layer and fixedly connected with the inner layer, and the inner layer is made of a ceramic material.

The silicon nitride glass composite material and the application thereof are characterized in that the silicon nitride glass composite material is used for foaming glass materials.

The silicon nitride glass composite material and the application thereof are characterized in that the silicon nitride glass composite material is used for a composite material containing fibers.

The silicon nitride glass composite material and the application thereof are characterized in that the silicon nitride glass composite material is used for a tubular material.

The silicon nitride glass composite material and the application thereof are characterized in that the silicon nitride glass composite material is used for a flat plate material.

The invention is a new product produced by element combination or element relation change; the invention also discloses application of the product in new application, which finds new properties and produces technical effects which cannot be achieved by the pre-material.

The invention can determine 4 important technical problems of the metal engine and the gas turbine to be solved according to the invention, and can simultaneously have 6 technical characteristics according to the invention to achieve 4 important technical problems which are solved through practice, and the silicon nitride glass composite material can convert more heat energy values of the metal engine and the gas turbine into mechanical power, thereby being beneficial to improving the heat energy utilization rate of the engine and the gas turbine from the industrial state of technology of only 30-35% to 70-85%, and generating the technical effects of new trend of energy conservation and emission reduction of the improvement of the engine and gas turbine industry:

the invention has 6 technical characteristics at the same time: A. low coefficient of friction performance; B. thermal conductivity is less than 9w/[ (m.K) ]The heat energy loss prevention property of (2); C. thermal diffusivity is less than 6mm ² Performance of/S (i.e., the ability of an object to be heated or cooled to a uniform temperature, i.e., good thermal shock resistance); D. a low thermal expansion coefficient property of a thermal expansion coefficient equal to or lower than 6.5 (. Times.10-6/. Degree.C.) from 0 to 40 ℃ to 860 ℃; E. high softening point (deformation point) properties with softening temperature > 860 ℃; F. corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant physical and chemical properties.

The 4 important industrial technical problems of the metal engine and the turbine are: A. the engine oil of the engine lubricant is easy to be carbonized and lose efficacy under a high-temperature environment of an engine cylinder, and the serious technical problem of reducing the lubricant effect of the engine oil occurs; B. the metal engine and the gas turbine can be deformed beyond the limit of the cylinder with the deformation point (350-450 ℃), so that only cooling water is used for removing heat, most of the heat is lost, and the heat utilization rate of the engine is only 30-35% of the industrial technology is greatly problematic; is a major technical problem; C. the thermal diffusivity of engine cylinder of metal engine and gas turbine is greater than 50-120mm ² S, the thermal conductivity is greater than 50-120w/[ (m.K)]The heat energy can be rapidly lost, and the heat energy utilization rate of the engine is only 30-35% which is a big problem of industrial technology; D. the great problem of industrial technology with poor corrosion and chemical resistance and wear resistance of metal engines and gas turbines.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described in the following for a more clear and complete description of the technical solution of the present invention.

A silicon nitride glass composite material with low thermal diffusivity, low friction coefficient, low thermal conductivity and low thermal expansion coefficient and application thereof, wherein the silicon nitride glass composite material comprises glass powder particles and silicon nitride powder particles; bonding and wrapping the silicon nitride ceramic particles by sintering, wherein the thermal expansion rate of the silicon nitride glass from 0-40 ℃ to 860 ℃ is equal to or lower than 6.5 (multiplied by 10 < -6 >/DEG C), the softening temperature is more than 860 ℃, and the total content of silicon nitride is 20-90 percent by weight percent; because the silicon nitride glass composite material needs to be sintered under the atmospheric condition process, oxygen in part of silicon oxide in the glass can be separated out to form part of silicon crystals, so that the content of the glass and the silicon crystal materials is 8-80 percent; the glass powder particles comprise, by weight, 4-54% of aluminum oxide, 0-15% of magnesium oxide, 30-82% of silicon oxide, 0-15% of calcium oxide and 0-15% of boron oxide.

The silicon nitride glass composite material and the application thereof, and the silicon nitride glass composite material comprises silicon nitride Si in percentage by weight ₃ N ₄ Silicon oxynitride Si ₂ N ₂ The content of O accounts for 20-90% of the total content of the silicon nitride glass composite material.

The softening point of the silicon nitride glass composite material is more than 860 ℃, and the softening point is preferably 900-1350 ℃.

In this embodiment, the silicon nitride glass composite material is tested for softening temperature and thermal expansion rate by the ejector pin method of a german relaxation-resistant instrument under the following test conditions: the temperature rise rate is 5 ℃/min.

Example 1

The silicon nitride glass composite material comprises, by weight, 70% of silicon nitride particles and 30% of glass particles; the content of alumina in the glass powder particles is 10 percent and the content of magnesia is 8 percent in percentage by weight; the content of silicon oxide is 68%; calcium oxide content 12%; 2% of boron oxide.

In this embodiment, the silicon nitride glass composite material has a thermal diffusivity of less than 6mm ² S, the thermal conductivity is less than 9w/[ (m.K)]The thermal expansion rate from 0-40 ℃ to 860 ℃ is equal to or lower than 6.5 (x 10-6/DEGC), and the softening point of the silicon nitride glass composite material is 860 ℃. In the case of oxide glass materials and non-oxide silicon nitrides, which have never been carried out, in the high-temperature sintering process, the applicant has found that, because of the sintering and time combination of the non-oxide silicon nitride Si3N4 and the oxide glass materials, a content of silicon oxynitride Si2N2O is formed under certain conditions. However, when the silicon oxynitride Si2N2O material is stressed, the self-lubricating performance of the silicon oxynitride Si2N2O material has very low friction coefficient, and the technical problem that the lubricant effect of the engine oil is reduced due to the fact that the engine oil of the organic lubricant is carbonized and failed in a high-temperature environment of an engine cylinder can be solved. The frictional resistance is still much smaller than that of common ceramic materials. But also can form high strength of the silicon nitride glass composite material.

Because the silicon nitride glass composite material needs to be sintered under the atmospheric condition, part of oxygen in silicon oxide in the glass can be separated out to form part of silicon crystals.

In this embodiment, when the silicon nitride glass composite material is subjected to strong external force to crack the glass wrapped with silicon nitride, the crack is continuously blocked and stagnated among thousands of silicon nitride particles; the structure of the glass powder particles wrapped by the silicon nitride powder particles can be 2.5 times higher than the breaking strength of the independent glass material.

In embodiment 1, the silicon nitride glass composite material:

the self-lubricating performance of the surface air film layer generated when the silicon nitride material is stressed, especially the very low friction coefficient of a magnetic levitation train (namely the working state without lubricating oil can generate the effect similar to lubricating oil, for example, the silicon nitride material is adopted for a large-sized bearing of wind power, and the lubricating oil is not added for more than ten years). The technical problems that the friction coefficient of a metal engine cylinder is large and the engine efficiency is seriously affected can be solved; but also can overcome the technical problem that the lubricant effect of the engine oil is reduced when the engine oil of the organic lubricant is carbonized and failed in a high-temperature environment of the engine cylinder.

It 2. Because of silicon nitride Si ₃ N ₄ And oxygen component in glass material, under certain conditions, 3-30% silicon oxynitride Si is formed ₂ N ₂ O. But silicon oxynitride Si ₂ N ₂ The O material also has self-lubricating property with very low friction coefficient when being stressed. The technical problem that the lubricant effect of the engine oil is reduced due to the fact that the engine oil of the organic lubricant is carbonized and failed in a high-temperature environment of an engine cylinder can be solved.

3, as the thermal diffusivity of the silicon nitride glass composite material is less than 6mm ² The performance of/S represents (namely the capability of the object that the temperature tends to be uniform in heating or cooling, namely the property of good thermal shock resistance) that the metal engine cylinder is difficult to start in cold climates and the industrial technology that the metal engine cylinder is damaged when the accelerator is continuously and rapidly increased and the accelerator is continuously and rapidly reduced during the driving in severe road environment is overcome; the technical effect of prolonging the service life of the engine can be produced.

The silicon nitride glass composite material has the thermal expansion rate from 0-40 ℃ to 860 ℃ equal to or lower than 6.5 (multiplied by 10 < -6 >/DEG C) and the softening point of 860 ℃, so that the problems of the prior art of metal engines and gas turbines can be overcome and solved, wherein: the metal engine and the gas turbine can be deformed to the limit in the cylinder beyond the deformation point (350-450 ℃), so that only cooling water is used for removing heat, and the great technical problem of heat loss is caused.

5. Since the silicon nitride glass composite material is less than 9w/[ (m.K)]Is the thermal conductivity (expressed as the amount of heat transferred per unit area per unit time) of a fluid or object; therefore, the problems of the prior art of the metal engine and the gas turbine can be overcome and solved: heat spreading rate of engine cylinder of metal engine and gas turbine is greater than50-120mm ² S, the thermal conductivity is greater than 50-120w/[ (m.K)]The heat energy can be rapidly lost, and the heat energy utilization rate of the metal engine is only 30-35% which is a big problem of industrial technology.

Moreover, the silicon nitride glass composite material of the embodiment is used for engines and gas turbines and high-temperature heat insulation materials, and is greatly superior to metal materials in terms of corrosion resistance chemical property, wear resistance and hardness property.

Applicants why in this example, we define the softening point of the silicon nitride glass composite material to be > 860 ℃ and define the thermal expansion rate from 0-40 ℃ up to 860 ℃ to be equal toOr less than 6.5 (. Times.10-6/. Degree.C.) and a thermal diffusivity of less than 6mm ² S, thermal conductivity less than 9w/[ (m.K)]. The reason is that the new properties are proved by the inventor through a great number of experiments and repeated experiments, and in the embodiment, only the fact that the silicon nitride glass composite material can be produced has 6 new properties at the same time is pointed out, and 4 important technical problems of the metal engine gas turbine can be solved by utilizing the properties.

This is because is known to those skilled in the art because in cylinder operation of a metal automotive engine where the displacement is small (e.g., in the range of 1 liter to 4 liters), the piston may move up and down in the cylinder approximately 1000 times per minute. The gas is ignited to expand at 1200 deg.c and 15-18 times fast to convert the heat value of fuel oil into mechanical energy to push the piston. At this time, if the temperature gas temperature in the combustion expansion in the cylinder reaches 500-600 ℃ at the normal speed of 120 km; the problem that the prior art metal engine cylinder generates limit expansion deformation at 350-450 ℃ to cause rapid movement of a piston and deformation of the cylinder body to pull out the engine is solved, so that only a cooling water system is designed to rapidly reduce the temperature of the metal engine cylinder to 200 ℃ with a safety coefficient; the heat value energy of the fuel oil and the heat value energy of the metal engine cylinder are taken away in a large quantity, so that the heat energy utilization rate of the metal engine can only have the technical problem of 35-40.

The glass composite material is not limited to be unchanged at 500-600 ℃ and is also unchanged at less than 860 ℃ with the insurance coefficient of 150-200 ℃. Can be suitable for various middle and small-sized automobiles, namely, when a driver touches a vehicle with a normal speed of 120 km to 150 km or more and if the vehicle is accelerated upward by a high-speed accelerator, the temperature of the gas in the cylinder during combustion and expansion can exceed 500-600 ℃ to reach a special state of 700-800 ℃. Can be suitable for various small and medium-sized automobiles, and when the automobiles run to 200 km/h in some countries such as European state, the gas temperature can exceed 500-600 ℃ and reach the special state of 700-800 ℃.

The property of the present first embodiment, that is, the silicon nitride glass composite material defined in claim 1, that the softening point is > 860 ℃ and the thermal expansion rate from 0 to 40 ℃ to 860 ℃ is equal to or lower than 6.5 (x 10-6/°c), is a safety scheme in design with a safety factor. In other words, the silicon nitride glass composite material engine cylinder can keep the fuel oil heat energy value at 860 ℃ to convert the fuel oil heat energy value into larger mechanical energy in operation, and the limit expansion deformation can not be generated. The problem that the engine is damaged due to the fact that the piston moves rapidly and the cylinder body is deformed due to the fact that the limit expansion deformation of the metal engine cylinder can be generated at 350-450 ℃ in the prior art can be solved, so that only a cooling water system is designed, and the temperature of the metal engine cylinder is quickly reduced to 200 ℃ with a safety coefficient. The energy of the heat value of the fuel oil of the metal engine cylinder can be taken away in a large quantity, so that the technical problem that the heat energy utilization rate of the metal engine is only 35-40 can be solved.

Example 2

The silicon nitride glass composite material comprises, by weight, 65% of silicon nitride particles and 35% of glass particles; the content of alumina in the glass powder particles is 28 percent and the content of magnesia is 6.3 percent by weight; the content of silicon oxide is 55%; calcium oxide content 8.6%; 2.1% of boron oxide.

In this embodiment, the silicon nitride glass composite material has a thermal diffusivity of less than 5mm ² S, thermal conductivity less than 8w/[ (m.K)]The thermal expansion rate from 0-40 ℃ to 1100 ℃ is equal to or lower than 6.5 (x 10 < -6 >/DEG C), and the softening point of the silicon nitride glass composite material is 1100 ℃. In the case of oxide glass materials and non-oxide silicon nitrides which have never been carried out, the applicant has found that, in the high-temperature sintering process, a certain content of silicon oxynitride Si2N2O is formed under certain conditions because of the sintering and time combination of the non-oxide silicon nitride Si3N4 and the oxide glass materials. However, when the silicon oxynitride Si2N2O material is stressed, the self-lubricating performance of the silicon oxynitride Si2N2O material has very low friction coefficient, and the technical problem that the lubricant effect of the engine oil is reduced due to the fact that the engine oil of the organic lubricant is carbonized and failed in a high-temperature environment of an engine cylinder can be solved. The frictional resistance is still much smaller than that of common ceramic materials. But also can form high strength of the silicon nitride glass composite material.

In embodiment 2, the silicon nitride glass composite material:

the self-lubricating performance of the surface air film layer generated when the silicon nitride material is stressed, especially the very low friction coefficient of the magnetic levitation train (namely the working state without lubricating oil can generate the effect similar to lubricating oil, for example, the silicon nitride material is adopted for a large-sized bearing of wind power, and the lubricating oil is not added for more than ten years). The technical problems that the friction coefficient of a metal engine cylinder is large and the engine efficiency is seriously affected can be solved; but also can overcome the technical problem that the lubricant effect of the engine oil is reduced when the engine oil of the organic lubricant is carbonized and failed in a high-temperature environment of the engine cylinder.

3, as the thermal diffusivity of the silicon nitride glass composite material is less than 5mm ² Performance of/S (i.e. the ability of an object to be heated or cooled to a uniform temperature, i.e. good thermal shock resistance)The problem that the metal engine cylinder body is difficult to start in cold weather conditions and the industrial technology of damage can be caused when the metal engine cylinder body is driven in a severe road environment in which the accelerator is continuously and rapidly increased and the accelerator is continuously and rapidly reduced is solved; the technical effect of prolonging the service life of the engine can be produced.

The silicon nitride glass composite material has the thermal expansion rate from 0-40 ℃ to 1100 ℃ equal to or lower than 6.5 (multiplied by 10 < -6 >/DEG C) and the softening point of 1100 ℃, so that the problems of the prior art of metal engines and gas turbines can be overcome and solved, namely: the metal engine and the gas turbine can be deformed to the limit in the cylinder beyond the deformation point (350-450 ℃), so that only cooling water is used for removing heat, and the great technical problem of heat loss is caused.

5. Since the silicon nitride glass composite material is less than 8w/[ (m.K)]Is the thermal conductivity (expressed as the amount of heat transferred per unit area per unit time) of a fluid or object; therefore, the problems of the prior art of the metal engine and the gas turbine can be overcome and solved: the thermal diffusivity of engine cylinder of metal engine and gas turbine is greater than 50-120mm ² S, the thermal conductivity is greater than 50-120w/[ (m.K)]The heat energy can be rapidly lost, and the heat energy utilization rate of the metal engine is only 30-35% which is a big problem of industrial technology.

The silicon nitride glass composite material of this example 2 was used for engine and turbine and high-temperature heat insulating materials, and it was described that the silicon nitride glass composite material had a thermal diffusivity of less than 5mm ² S, thermal conductivity less than 6w/[ (m.K)]The thermal expansion rate from 0 to 40 ℃ to 1100 ℃ is equal to or lower than 6.5 (x 10-6/DEGC), and the softening point temperature of the silicon nitride glass composite material is greater than 1100 ℃ and is suitable for the requirements indicated in the specification: further, the softening temperature of the glass composite material is more than 1100 ℃.

The generator set is suitable for heavy trucks and high-power engine engineering vehicles with the volume of exhaust being more than 20-40 tons and high-power engines. Because of its high horsepower, the heat has a greater impact on the cylinder, and therefore a higher level of silicon nitride glass composite is required.

Example 3

The silicon nitride glass composite material comprises, by weight, 80% of ceramic particles and 20% of glass particles; the glass powder particles have the content of 44 percent of alumina and the content of 7 percent of magnesia in percentage by weight; silicon oxide content 34%; calcium oxide content 8%; 7% of boron oxide.

In this embodiment, the silicon nitride glass composite material has a thermal diffusivity of less than 4mm ² S, thermal conductivity less than 6w/[ (m.K)]The thermal expansion rate from 0-40 ℃ to 1300 ℃ is equal to or lower than 6 (×10-6/DEGC), and the softening point of the silicon nitride glass composite material is 1300 ℃. In the case of oxide glass materials and non-oxide silicon nitrides which have never been carried out, the applicant has found that, in the high-temperature sintering process, a certain content of silicon oxynitride Si2N2O is formed under certain conditions because of the sintering and time combination of the non-oxide silicon nitride Si3N4 and the oxide glass materials. However, when the silicon oxynitride Si2N2O material is stressed, the self-lubricating performance of the silicon oxynitride Si2N2O material has very low friction coefficient, and the technical problem that the lubricant effect of the engine oil is reduced due to the fact that the engine oil of the organic lubricant is carbonized and failed in a high-temperature environment of an engine cylinder can be solved. The frictional resistance is still much smaller than that of common ceramic materials. But also can form high strength of the silicon nitride glass composite material.

In embodiment 3, the silicon nitride glass composite material:

3, as the thermal diffusivity of the silicon nitride glass composite material is smaller than 4mm ² The performance of/S represents (namely the capability of the object that the temperature tends to be uniform in heating or cooling, namely the property of good thermal shock resistance) that the metal engine cylinder is difficult to start in cold climates and the industrial technology that the metal engine cylinder is damaged when the accelerator is continuously and rapidly increased and the accelerator is continuously and rapidly reduced during the driving in severe road environment is overcome; the technical effect of prolonging the service life of the engine can be produced.

The silicon nitride glass composite material can overcome and solve the problems in the prior art of metal engines and gas turbines because the thermal expansion rate of the silicon nitride glass composite material from 0-40 ℃ to 1300 ℃ is equal to or lower than 6 (multiplied by 10 < -6 >/DEG C) and the softening point is 1300 ℃, and the problems are that: the metal engine and the gas turbine can be deformed to a limit in the cylinder beyond the deformation point (350-450 ℃), so that only cooling water is used for removing heat, and the great technical problem of heat loss is caused.

5. Since the silicon nitride glass composite material is less than 6w/[ (m.K)]Is the thermal conductivity (expressed as the amount of heat transferred per unit area per unit time) of a fluid or object; therefore, the problems of the prior art of the metal engine and the gas turbine can be overcome and solved: metal engine and gas turbineThe thermal diffusivity of the engine cylinder is more than 50-120mm ² S, the thermal conductivity is greater than 50-120w/[ (m.K)]The heat energy can be rapidly lost, and the heat energy utilization rate of the metal engine is only 30-35% which is a big problem of industrial technology.

The silicon nitride glass composite material of example 3 was used for an engine and a turbine and a high-temperature heat insulator, and was described asThe thermal diffusivity of the silicon nitride glass composite material is less than 4mm ² S, thermal conductivity less than 6w/[ (m.K)]The thermal expansion rate from 0-40 ℃ to 1300 ℃ is equal to or lower than 6 (x 10 < -6 >/DEG C), and the softening point of the silicon nitride glass composite material is 1300 ℃.

The method is particularly applicable to heavy trucks and high-power engine engineering vehicles with the weight of more than 50 tons, and generator sets of high-power engines, huge ship engines and huge gas turbines of thermal power nuclear power. Because of its great horsepower, the heat has a greater impact on the cylinder, so that a silicon nitride glass composite material having a higher level is required.

Further, the softening temperature of the silicon nitride glass composite material is more than 1100 ℃.

The production method of the silicon nitride glass composite material comprises the following steps:

S1: uniformly mixing the glass powder particles and the silicon nitride powder particles to form mixed powder particles;

s2: adding an organic binding material into the mixed powder particles to form a mixture;

s3: placing the mixture into a forming die, and forming a blank body from the mixture in the forming die through an isostatic pressing process or a casting process or a high-pressure grouting process;

s5: and sintering and molding the blank, volatilizing the organic binding material at a high temperature, and finally forming the silicon nitride glass composite material.

A method of spraying the silicon nitride glass composite material on a surface of a workpiece, comprising the steps of:

b1: uniformly mixing the glass powder particles and the silicon nitride ceramic powder particles to form mixed powder particles;

b2: heating the mixed powder particles to soften the glass powder particles to form a molten mixture;

b3: and atomizing the molten mixture by high-speed steam flow through a high-temperature spraying process, spraying the atomized molten mixture on the surface of a workpiece, and finally forming the silicon nitride glass composite material on the surface of the workpiece.

In the present embodiment, the above method enables the silicon nitride glass composite material to be attached to a product surface having a special shape and a complicated shape.

A cylinder liner for a vehicle engine includes the silicon nitride glass composite material.

Further, the cylinder liner of the vehicle engine is made of the silicon nitride glass composite material.

A cylinder liner for a marine engine, the cylinder liner comprising the silicon nitride glass composite.

Further, the cylinder liner of the marine engine is made of the silicon nitride glass composite material.

A piston aircraft engine of the heat engine type comprising an engine cylinder liner comprising the silicon nitride glass composite material.

Further, the engine cylinder liner is made of the silicon nitride glass composite material.

A turbine engine of the thermo-mechanical type comprising the silicon nitride glass composite material.

Further, the surfaces of the combustion chamber of the turbine engine and the outer shell of the turbine of the heat engine type are covered with a layer of the silicon nitride glass composite material.

A steam turbine comprising the silicon nitride glass composite material.

Further, the steam chamber wall of the steam turbine and/or the steam cylinder layer surface layer and/or the steam nozzle surface layer and/or the steel disc surface layer and/or the blade surface layer and/or the cylinder body surface layer and/or the steam conveying pipeline surface layer are/is covered with a layer of the silicon nitride glass composite material.

A generator comprising the silicon nitride glass composite material.

Further, the surface of the cylinder liner of the piston engine and/or the housing of the turbocharger system component of the generator is covered with a layer of the silicon nitride glass composite material.

A glass engine block of a heat engine comprising a cylinder liner comprising the silicon nitride glass composite.

Further, the cylinder liner is made of the silicon nitride glass composite material.

A thermal engine block comprising the silicon nitride glass composite.

Further, the engine block of the heat engine is made of the silicon nitride glass composite material.

A thermo-mechanical engine comprising the silicon nitride glass composite.

Further, the surface of the shell of the turbocharging system component of the engine of the heat engine class is covered with a layer of the silicon nitride glass composite material.

Further, the cylinder head and/or the piston pin and/or the connecting rod and/or the intake valve and/or the exhaust valve of the engine of the heat engine type are made of the silicon nitride glass composite material.

Further, the cylinder liner of the heat engine comprises an inner layer and an outer layer, wherein the outer layer is made of the silicon nitride glass composite material, the outer layer is sleeved outside the inner layer and fixedly connected with the inner layer, and the inner layer is made of a ceramic material.

In this embodiment, the outer layer is sleeved outside the inner layer and is fixedly connected with the inner layer, and the cylinder liner has a double-layer composite structure; the inner layer is in contact with the piston, the inner layer is made of silicon nitride structural ceramics, the abrasion resistance of the silicon nitride structural ceramics is particularly good, but the heat conductivity is very high and is 25-30w/[ (m.K) ], the defect of poor heat insulation exists, the outer layer is made of silicon nitride glass composite material, the heat conductivity of the silicon nitride glass composite material is only 8w/[ (m.K) ], and the outer layer is sleeved on the outer layer and fixedly connected with the inner layer, so that the defect of poor heat insulation of the silicon nitride structural ceramics can be overcome, more heat energy is converted into kinetic energy, and the advantages of high abrasion resistance and high strength of the silicon nitride structural ceramics can be highlighted; the cylinder sleeve is particularly suitable for large vehicles and large ship engines with larger cylinder diameters and larger exhaust gas volumes.

In the present embodiment, the outer layer and the engine block material may be selectively sintered together, or the cylinder liner of the heat engine type engine may be selectively made into a separate cylinder liner, and may be removed and replaced during maintenance.

Of course, the silicon nitride glass composite material with low thermal diffusivity, low friction coefficient, low thermal conductivity and low thermal expansion coefficient and the application thereof can also have other various embodiments, and based on the embodiments, other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without any creative labor fall within the protection scope of the invention.

Claims

The application of the silicon nitride glass composite material with low thermal diffusivity, low friction coefficient, low thermal conductivity and low thermal expansion in an engine is characterized in that the silicon nitride glass composite material comprises glass powder particles and silicon nitride powder particles; bonding and wrapping the silicon nitride ceramic particles by sintering, wherein the thermal expansion rate of the silicon nitride glass from 0-40 ℃ to 860 ℃ is equal to or lower than 6.5 (multiplied by 10-6 ℃), the softening temperature is more than 860 ℃, and the total content of silicon nitride Si3N4 in percentage by weight is 20-90%; because the silicon nitride glass composite material needs to be sintered under the atmospheric condition process, oxygen in part of silicon oxide in the glass can be separated out to form part of silicon crystals, so that the content of the glass and the silicon crystal materials is 8-80 percent; the glass powder particles comprise, by weight, 4-54% of aluminum oxide, 0-15% of magnesium oxide, 30-82% of silicon oxide, 0-15% of calcium oxide and 0-15% of boron oxide.
The silicon nitride glass composite material according to claim 1, wherein the silicon nitride Si is present in a weight percentage ₃ N ₄ Silicon oxynitride Si ₂ N ₂ O contentAccounting for 20-90% of the total content of the silicon nitride glass composite material.
The silicon nitride glass composite material and the application thereof according to claim 1, wherein the silicon nitride glass composite material has a thermal diffusivity of less than 6mm ² S, thermal conductivity less than 9w/[ (m.K)]。
The silicon nitride glass composite material and the application thereof according to claim 1, wherein the silicon nitride glass composite material has a thermal diffusivity of less than 4mm ² S, thermal conductivity less than 6w/[ (m.K)]。
The silicon nitride glass composite material and use according to claim 1, wherein the glass composite material has a thermal expansion rate equal to or lower than 6 (×10 "6/°c) from 0 to 40 ℃ to 1100 ℃.
The silicon nitride glass composite material and the use thereof according to claim 1, wherein the softening temperature of the silicon nitride glass composite material is > 1100 ℃.
The silicon nitride glass composite material according to claim 1, wherein the content of alumina in the glass powder particles is 35-54%, the content of magnesia is 4-15%, the content of silica is 22-45%, the content of calcium oxide is 6-15%, and the content of boron oxide is 3-6% in terms of weight percent.
The silicon nitride glass composite material and the use thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the silicon nitride glass composite material is used for cylinder liners of vehicle engines, ship engines, and thermo-mechanical piston type aircraft engines.
The silicon nitride glass composite material and the use thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the silicon nitride glass composite material is covered on the combustion chamber of a turbine engine of the thermo-mechanical type and on the outer skin of the turbine.
Silicon nitride glass composite material according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it is applied to the steam chamber wall and/or the cylinder layer skin and/or the steam nozzle skin and/or the steel disk skin and/or the blade skin and/or the cylinder body skin and/or the steam delivery pipe skin of a steam turbine.
The silicon nitride glass composite material and the use thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the silicon nitride glass composite material is coated on the surface of a cylinder liner of a piston engine of a generator and/or a housing of a turbocharger system component.
The silicon nitride glass composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the silicon nitride glass composite material is used for a thermo-mechanical engine.
The silicon nitride glass composite material and the use thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the silicon nitride glass composite material is used for a cylinder block and a cylinder liner of a thermal engine cylinder.
The silicon nitride glass composite material and the use thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the silicon nitride glass composite material is coated on the surface of the casing of the turbocharger system component of a heat engine.
The silicon nitride glass composite material and the use thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the silicon nitride glass composite material is used for cylinder heads and/or pistons and/or piston pins and/or connecting rods and/or intake valves and/or exhaust valves of engines of the thermo-mechanical type.
The silicon nitride glass composite material and the use thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the silicon nitride glass composite material is used for a cylinder liner of a heat engine type engine, the cylinder liner of the heat engine type engine comprises an inner layer and an outer layer, the outer layer is made of the silicon nitride glass composite material, the outer layer is sleeved outside the inner layer and forms a fixed connection with the inner layer, and the inner layer is made of a ceramic material.
The silicon nitride glass composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the silicon nitride glass composite material is used for a foamed glass material.
The silicon nitride glass composite material and the use thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the silicon nitride glass composite material is used for a composite material comprising fibers.
The silicon nitride glass composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the silicon nitride glass composite material is used for a tubular material.
The silicon nitride glass composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the silicon nitride glass composite material is used for a flat plate material.