CN117113715A - Design method for preventing and controlling rock burst of mining area by filling coal-based solid wastes - Google Patents
Design method for preventing and controlling rock burst of mining area by filling coal-based solid wastes Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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Abstract
The invention discloses a design method for preventing and controlling rock burst of a mining area by filling coal-based solid wastes, which comprises the following steps: s1, researching mining geological conditions and rock burst history occurrence conditions of a mining area, giving out geological impact factors of the rock burst and corresponding impact risk assessment indexes, and judging impact risk of each working face of the mining area; s2, constructing FLAC numerical simulation according to geological conditions of a mining area and overlying strata mechanical parameters, determining critical deformation delta of a critical layer by means of induction, and determining performance indexes of a critical stratum filler by taking the continuous breaking of the critical layer as a standard; s3, determining the proportion of the gangue high-pore energy-absorbing filling material according to the performance index of the mining area anti-impact filling body; s4, designing anti-impact filling methods of different working surfaces in the mining area, and arranging sensors on the working surfaces to monitor filling indexes; s5, analyzing monitoring point-working face-mining area multi-parameter monitoring indexes, evaluating filling anti-impact effect, and feeding back and adjusting filling parameters. The invention can effectively guide the mining area scour protection design and serve the coal mine safety production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mine maintenance, in particular to a design method for preventing and controlling rock burst of a mining area by filling coal-based solid waste.
Background
The existing rock burst prevention and control method mainly comprises the steps of presplitting and pressure relief of a coal stratum, softening the stratum and the like, wherein the method locally relieves the pressure through an active means, and the problem of preventing and controlling the impact disasters of the whole mining area cannot be effectively solved. The root cause of dynamic disasters such as rock burst and the like is that the stress balance state of the coal stratum is destroyed, and a large amount of energy is suddenly released. The main advantages of filling mining are that the method effectively supports overlying strata, controls stratum fracture, reduces surrounding rock stress, and radically solves the condition of rock burst.
Thus, there is a need for a mining area filling scour protection design method that guides mine engineering practices to address the above-described issues.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to disclose a design method for preventing and controlling rock burst of a mining area by filling coal-based solid wastes, so as to solve the problem that deep coal resources cannot be mined.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a design method for preventing and controlling rock burst of a mining area by filling coal-based solid waste, which comprises the following steps:
s1, researching mining geological conditions and rock burst history occurrence conditions of a mining area, giving out rock burst geological influence factors and corresponding impact risk assessment indexes, and judging the impact risk of each working face of the mining area according to a comprehensive index method;
s2, constructing FLAC numerical simulation according to geological conditions of the mining area and overlying strata mechanical parameters, taking the continuous fracture of a key stratum as a standard, determining critical deformation delta of the key stratum, solving a deflection equation of the key stratum according to the geological parameters, determining the requirement of a filling rate range, substituting the critical filling rate parameters into the FLAC numerical simulation, and changing the performance parameters of the filling body to determine the performance index of the filling body of the key stratum.
S3, researching the long-term service performance of multiple sites of different filling material proportions according to the performance index of the mining area anti-impact filling body, and determining the gangue high-pore energy-absorbing filling material proportions;
s4, designing anti-impact filling methods of different working surfaces in a mining area according to filling rate requirements and working surface geological conditions, determining the positions of filling stations, selecting matched filling coal mining equipment, and arranging sensors on the working surfaces to monitor filling indexes;
s5, analyzing monitoring point-working surface-mining area multi-parameter monitoring indexes according to the filling rate requirements and the filler performance indexes, evaluating filling anti-impact effects, and feeding back and adjusting filling parameters.
As a further improvement of the invention, the geological impact factors of the rock burst in the step S1 mainly comprise the occurrence times of rock burst of the coal bed at the same level, the mining depth, the distance between a hard rock layer and the coal bed, the thickness characteristic parameters of a roof rock layer, the uniaxial compressive strength and the elastic energy index of coal, and the impact risk assessment index corresponding to each geological impact factor of the rock burst is W respectively 1 、W 2 、W 3 、W 4 、W 5 、W 6 。
As a further improvement of the present invention, the impact risk level determination in the step S1 is calculated using the following formula:
in which W is t For the comprehensive evaluation index, the value is less than 0.25, no impact is generated, the value is 0.25-0.5, weak impact is generated, the value is 0.5-0.75, medium impact is generated, and the value is higher than 0.75, and the impact is generatedIs a strong punch; w (W) i An evaluation index for the ith rock burst influence factor; w (W) imax The maximum evaluation index of the ith rock burst influence factor is given, and n is the number of influence factors.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the step S2 is specifically as follows:
s21, firstly, constructing a FLAC numerical model according to the measured overlying strata mechanical parameters, and determining critical deformation delta before breaking of a flushing-inducing key layer under the mining condition of a collapse method;
s22, a coordinate system is established by taking the left side edge of the key layer as an origin, the direction extending to the right is the positive x-axis direction, the direction extending to the coal seam direction is the positive y-axis direction, and a deflection equation w (x) of the key layer by adopting a filling method is as follows:
in the formula, h is the sampling height,to fill rate E n Elastic modulus of the main key stratum, I n Moment of inertia for the main critical formation; k is the elastic foundation coefficient of the whole body after superposition of the underlying rock stratum, alpha is the characteristic coefficient, d 1 、d 2 、d 3 、d 4 All are unknown constant coefficients;
wherein d 1 、d 2 、d 3 、d 4 The method is characterized by solving boundary conditions, wherein the boundary conditions are as follows;
wherein l is the length of the key layer corresponding to the filling area, and theta is the corner of the bending deformation of the key rock stratum;
the criterion of rock burst is w (x) is less than or equal to delta, and the critical filling rate obtained by the simultaneous method is as follows:
s23, according to the above formula, the filling rate range can be determined, then different filling rate parameters are substituted into FLAC numerical simulation, and the performance parameters of the filling body are changed, so that the performance index of the filling body, which is not broken by the key rock stratum, is determined, and finally the filling rate requirement and the performance index of the filling body for preventing rock burst are obtained.
As a further improvement of the invention, the gangue high-pore energy-absorbing filling material in the step S3 is prepared from gangue and a rapid-cementing material, and the fit relation between the void ratio and the strength is determined through a proportioning test, so that the feedback adjustment of filling parameters is facilitated.
As a further improvement of the invention, the method for the anti-impact filling of different working surfaces in the designed mining area in the step S4 means that the working surface without impact can be not filled, and a plurality of connected working surfaces can be partially filled.
As a further improvement of the invention, the filling coal mining equipment in the step S4 mainly comprises a filling coal mining hydraulic support and a flexible belt self-adaptive solid conveyor which are integrated with a guniting function, and the filling coal mining hydraulic support and the flexible belt self-adaptive solid conveyor are used for jetting a rapid-setting material so as to rapidly form a filling body with blanking gangue.
As a further improvement of the invention, the monitoring point-working face-mining area multi-parameter monitoring indexes in the step S5 are respectively as follows:
monitoring point parameters: roadway deformation gamma and filling body stress sigma 1 Stress sigma of surrounding rock 2 ；
Working face parameters: the deflection lambda of the top plate of the working surface and the subsidence value w of the earth surface of the working surface;
mining area parameters: microseismic phenomena and earth energy.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention discloses a method for designing coal-based solid waste filling prevention and control of rock burst in a mining area, which uses coal-based solid waste filling materials generated by a mine to reduce the problems of rock stratum stress concentration, energy accumulation and the like in the impact area, fundamentally solves the necessary factors of rock burst, provides a mining area filling anti-impact design flow, and provides a theoretical basis for mine filling anti-impact engineering construction. Meanwhile, the high-pore energy-absorbing filling material is prepared by utilizing the coal-based solid waste, so that the waste rock consumption is reduced, the coal mining efficiency and the coal mining rate are improved, and other beneficial resources in the surface building structures and stratum are protected. The design method adopts methods such as field investigation, theoretical analysis, laboratory test and the like to comprehensively determine the critical parameters of the filling anti-impact, and adopts an actual measurement feedback adjustment method to ensure the high fit between the theory and the reality, so that the method has strong logic, reasonable working procedures, feasible technology and wide application prospect.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a design method for preventing and controlling rock burst in mining areas by filling coal-based solid wastes.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, but it should be understood that the embodiments are not limited to the present invention, and functional, method, or structural equivalents and alternatives according to the embodiments are within the scope of protection of the present invention by those skilled in the art.
Referring to FIG. 1, a specific embodiment of a method for designing a coal-based solid waste filling prevention and control mining area rock burst is shown.
A design method for preventing and controlling rock burst of mining areas by filling coal-based solid wastes comprises the following steps: s1, researching mining geological conditions and rock burst history occurrence conditions of a mining area, giving out rock burst geological influence factors and corresponding impact risk assessment indexes, and judging the impact risk of each working face of the mining area according to a comprehensive index method; s2, constructing FLAC numerical simulation according to geological conditions of a mining area and overlying strata mechanical parameters, determining critical deformation delta of a critical layer by using the continuous breaking of the critical layer as a standard, solving a deflection equation of the critical stratum according to the geological parameters, determining the requirement of a filling rate range, substituting the critical filling rate parameters into the FLAC numerical simulation, and changing filler performance parameters to determine filler performance indexes of the critical stratum, wherein the filler performance indexes comprise flow performance, strength characteristics, multi-field service performance, energy absorption and the like. S3, researching the long-term service performance of multiple sites of different filling material proportions according to the performance index of the mining area anti-impact filling body, and determining the gangue high-pore energy-absorbing filling material proportions; s4, designing anti-impact filling methods of different working surfaces in a mining area according to filling rate requirements and working surface geological conditions, determining the positions of filling stations, selecting matched filling coal mining equipment, and arranging sensors on the working surfaces to monitor filling indexes; s5, analyzing monitoring point-working surface-mining area multi-parameter monitoring indexes according to the filling rate requirements and the filler performance indexes, evaluating filling anti-impact effects, and feeding back and adjusting filling parameters.
It should be understood that the geological impact factors of the rock burst in the step S1 mainly comprise the occurrence times of rock burst of the coal seam with the same level, the mining depth, the distance between the hard rock layer and the coal seam, the thickness characteristic parameters of the roof rock layer, the uniaxial compressive strength and the elastic energy index of the coal, and the impact risk assessment index corresponding to each geological impact factor of the rock burst is W respectively 1 、W 2 、W 3 、W 4 、W 5 、W 6 As shown in the following table:
the impact risk level judgment in the step S1 is calculated by adopting the following formula:
in which W is t For the comprehensive evaluation index, the value is smaller than 0.25, so that no impact exists; the value is 0.25-0.5, and the weak impact is realized; the value is 0.5-0.75, and the impact is medium; the value is higher than 0.75, and the valve is a strong punch; w (W) i An evaluation index for the ith rock burst influence factor; w (W) imax The maximum evaluation index of the ith rock burst influence factor is given, and n is the number of influence factors.
The step S2 is specifically as follows: s21, firstly, constructing a FLAC numerical model according to the measured overlying strata mechanical parameters, and determining critical deformation delta before breaking of a flushing-inducing key layer under the mining condition of a collapse method; s22, a coordinate system is established by taking the left side edge of the key layer as an origin, the direction extending to the right is the positive x-axis direction, the direction extending to the coal seam direction is the positive y-axis direction, and a deflection equation w (x) of the key layer by adopting a filling method is as follows:
in the formula, h is the sampling height,to fill rate E n Elastic modulus of the main key stratum, I n Moment of inertia for the main critical formation; k is the elastic foundation coefficient of the whole body after superposition of the underlying rock stratum, alpha is the characteristic coefficient, d 1 、d 2 、d 3 、d 4 All are unknown constant coefficients;
wherein d 1 、d 2 、d 3 、d 4 The method is characterized by solving boundary conditions, wherein the boundary conditions are as follows;
wherein l is the length of the key layer corresponding to the filling area, and theta is the corner of the bending deformation of the key rock stratum;
the criterion of rock burst is w (x) is less than or equal to delta, and the critical filling rate obtained by the simultaneous method is as follows:
s23, according to the above formula, the filling rate range can be determined, then different filling rate parameters are substituted into FLAC numerical simulation, and the performance parameters of the filling body are changed, so that the performance index of the filling body, which is not broken by the key rock stratum, is determined, and finally the filling rate requirement and the performance index of the filling body for preventing rock burst are obtained.
The gangue high-pore energy-absorbing filling material in the step S3 is prepared from the dispersion gangue and the rapid cohesive cementing material, can be proportioned according to the strength and energy-absorbing performance required by specific engineering conditions, and is convenient for feedback adjustment of filling parameters by determining the fitting relation between the void ratio and the strength through a proportioning test.
The anti-impact filling method for designing different working surfaces in the mining area in the step S4 means that the working surfaces without impact can be not filled, and a plurality of connected working surfaces can be partially filled. And S4, the filling coal mining equipment mainly comprises a filling coal mining hydraulic support integrated with a slurry spraying function and a flexible belt self-adaptive solid conveyor, and is used for spraying a rapid cohesive material so as to form a filling body with the blanking gangue rapidly. The design rule of the filling process is simple, the filling coal mining is not interfered with each other, the filling and the mining are cooperated, and the filling body is rapidly formed.
And S5, monitoring points, working surfaces and mining areas in the step of monitoring are respectively as follows: monitoring point parameters: roadway deformation gamma and filling body stress sigma 1 Stress sigma of surrounding rock 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Working face parameters: the deflection lambda of the top plate of the working surface and the subsidence value w of the earth surface of the working surface; mining area parameters: microseismic phenomena and earth energy.
It should be noted that the analysis in step S5 is qualitative analysis, the equivalent filling rate is obtained through the deflection of the top plate of the working face and the subsidence value of the earth surface, the vibration energy and the frequency change before and after filling are analyzed through microseism monitoring and ground sound monitoring, the microseism monitoring is a low-frequency high-energy event, the ground sound monitoring is a high-frequency low-energy event, mainly the energy reduction rate of the coal rock stratum is obtained, the filling anti-impact effect is evaluated through the corresponding relation between the filling rate and the rock burst control effect, the filling parameters are fed back and adjusted, and if the effect is poor, the strength and the filling rate of the filling body are required to be improved. By monitoring the deformation gamma of the roadway and the stress sigma of the filling body 1 Stress sigma of surrounding rock 2 And analyzing the pressure bearing characteristic of the filling body and the capability of reducing the stress concentration of surrounding rock, and determining the filling effect.
Taking a certain ore as an example, the specific implementation steps are as follows:
the mine pit in a mining area has a rated production capacity of 190 ten thousand t/a, the coal bed is 3# coal at present, a layer of medium-grain sandstone with a layer thickness of more than 40m exists in the stratum, the distance from the coal bed is 53.5m, the burial depth is 250-560 m, the average thickness of the coal bed is 7.5m, and the partial area has village and factory building structures on the ground surface, so that the control requirement on the ground surface is high. The annual production of mine gangue is 60 ten thousand t, and the annual production of slag is 10 ten thousand t.
(1) According to the mine basic condition calculation, W t =0.39, belonging to weak rock burst, but the greater the depth of burial of the coal seam, the higher the depth, the stronger the impact risk; the key layer is the huge thick rock stratum, and the ground is also provided with a building structure, so that the control requirement is high; according to the calculation, the strength of the filler is required to be more than 3MPa, and the filling rate is required to be more than 95%.
(2) According to the strength and energy absorption effect requirements of the filling body, the optimal proportion is determined by laboratory tests, the proportion of gangue is 80%, the proportion of cementing material is 20%, the mass concentration is 85%, and the porosity is 30%.
(3) And determining filling layout matching according to the regional scour prevention theory of the mining area. The working surfaces C1301 and C1302 are designed by adopting a filling method of space grouting after the subsequent time, and the grouting mode is ground drilling grouting; the working surface of C1303 adopts the high-aperture filling of the gangue after the fully mechanized mining frame; the risk of rock burst and the working surface of the building are not filled.
(4) And determining filling process and key parameters. Grouting and filling goaf of working faces C1301 and C1302: the ground is vertically drilled to the upper part of the subsequent space, and pumping can be started after the grouting pipeline is inspected; the drilling position is 150m above the working surface and below the ultra-thick overburden rock; the pitch of the holes is 150m; the horizontal conveying distance of the slurry is 2km, and the vertical conveying distance is 300m. C1303, conveying the gangue on the working surface to a goaf behind the working surface by a belt conveyor, and spraying out the rapid gel material from a hydraulic support guniting port to rapidly solidify to form a high-pore filling body; the filling capacity can reach 150 ten thousand t/a.
(5) The ground slurry preparation system comprises intelligent equipment such as a high-fine crusher, a ball mill, a continuous stirrer, a filling pump and the like; the slurry conveying system comprises high-efficiency conveying equipment such as a filling pipeline, a rapid conveying belt conveyor and the like; the stope intelligent equipment mainly comprises a coal mining machine, a novel filling hydraulic support, a flexible belt self-adaptive solid conveyor and the like.
(6) Based on the above design, a monitoring scheme is designed. The stress monitoring system is used for monitoring stress changes of the filling body and the coal rock mass, the sensor is used for monitoring working resistance of the hydraulic support prop, the displacement sensor is used for monitoring displacement of the filling body, the ground subsidence monitoring system is used for monitoring ground subsidence of a mining area, the microseism and ground sound monitoring system is used for monitoring microseism energy and vibration wave velocity change conditions of the mining area, and rock burst prevention and control conditions and filling effects are comprehensively judged.
(7) And feeding back and adjusting the filling scheme according to the monitoring parameters. If the displacement of the filling body is larger, the material proportion needs to be improved, and the filling rate and the strength are increased; if the region where the microseismic energy frequently occurs is found, the filling strength is required to be increased, and the coal mining operation progress is reduced.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present disclosure describes embodiments, not every embodiment is provided with a separate embodiment, and that this description is provided for clarity only, and that the disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in detail below, and that the embodiments described in the examples may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments that will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Claims (8)
1. The design method for preventing and controlling rock burst of mining areas by filling coal-based solid wastes is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, researching mining geological conditions and rock burst history occurrence conditions of a mining area, giving out rock burst geological influence factors and corresponding impact risk assessment indexes, and judging the impact risk of each working face of the mining area according to a comprehensive index method;
s2, constructing FLAC numerical simulation according to geological conditions of the mining area and overlying strata mechanical parameters, taking the continuous fracture of a key stratum as a standard, determining critical deformation delta of the key stratum, solving a deflection equation of the key stratum according to the geological parameters, determining the requirement of a filling rate range, substituting the critical filling rate parameters into the FLAC numerical simulation, and changing the performance parameters of the filling body to determine the performance index of the filling body of the key stratum.
S3, researching the long-term service performance of multiple sites of different filling material proportions according to the performance index of the mining area anti-impact filling body, and determining the gangue high-pore energy-absorbing filling material proportions;
s4, designing anti-impact filling methods of different working surfaces in a mining area according to filling rate requirements and working surface geological conditions, determining the positions of filling stations, selecting matched filling coal mining equipment, and arranging sensors on the working surfaces to monitor filling indexes;
s5, analyzing monitoring point-working surface-mining area multi-parameter monitoring indexes according to the filling rate requirements and the filler performance indexes, evaluating filling anti-impact effects, and feeding back and adjusting filling parameters.
2. The method for designing the coal-based solid waste filling prevention and control mining area rock burst, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the geological impact factors of the rock burst in the step S1 mainly comprise the occurrence times of rock burst of the coal bed at the same level, the mining depth, the distance between a hard rock layer and the coal bed, the thickness characteristic parameters of a roof rock layer, the uniaxial compressive strength and the elastic energy index of coal, and the impact risk assessment index corresponding to each geological impact factor of the rock burst is W respectively 1 、W 2 、W 3 、W 4 、W 5 、W 6 。
3. The method for designing the coal-based solid waste filling prevention and control mining area rock burst, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the impact risk level judgment in the step S1 is calculated by adopting the following formula:
in which W is t For the comprehensive evaluation index, the value is smaller than 0.25, so that no impact exists; the value is 0.25-0.5, and the weak impact is realized; the value is 0.5-0.75, and the impact is medium; the value is higher than 0.75, and the valve is a strong punch; w (W) i An evaluation index for the ith rock burst influence factor; w (W) imax The maximum evaluation index of the ith rock burst influence factor is given, and n is the number of influence factors.
4. The method for designing the coal-based solid waste filling prevention and control of mine site rock burst according to claim 1, wherein the step S2 is specifically as follows:
s21, firstly, constructing a FLAC numerical model according to the measured overlying strata mechanical parameters, and determining critical deformation delta before breaking of a flushing-inducing key layer under the mining condition of a collapse method;
s22, a coordinate system is established by taking the left side edge of the key layer as an origin, the direction extending to the right is the positive x-axis direction, the direction extending to the coal seam direction is the positive y-axis direction, and a deflection equation w (x) of the key layer by adopting a filling method is as follows:
in the formula, h is the sampling height,to fill rate E n Elastic modulus of the main key stratum, I n Moment of inertia for the main critical formation; k is the elastic foundation coefficient of the whole body after superposition of the underlying rock stratum, alpha is the characteristic coefficient, d 1 、d 2 、d 3 、d 4 All are unknown constant coefficients;
wherein d 1 、d 2 、d 3 、d 4 The method is characterized by solving boundary conditions, wherein the boundary conditions are as follows;
wherein l is the length of the key layer corresponding to the filling area, and theta is the corner of the bending deformation of the key rock stratum;
the criterion of rock burst is w (x) is less than or equal to delta, and the critical filling rate obtained by the simultaneous method is as follows:
s23, according to the above formula, the filling rate range can be determined, then different filling rate parameters are substituted into FLAC numerical simulation, and the performance parameters of the filling body are changed, so that the performance index of the filling body, which is not broken by the key rock stratum, is determined, and finally the filling rate requirement and the performance index of the filling body for preventing rock burst are obtained.
5. The design method for preventing and controlling rock burst of mining areas by coal-based solid waste filling according to claim 1, wherein the gangue high-pore energy-absorbing filling material in the step S3 is formed by preparing gangue and a rapid cementitious material, and the fit relation between the void ratio and the strength is determined through a proportioning test, so that the feedback adjustment of filling parameters is facilitated.
6. The method for preventing and controlling rock burst of mining area by coal-based solid waste filling according to claim 1, wherein the method for preventing and filling different working surfaces in the mining area in step S4 is characterized in that the working surface without flushing can be not filled, and a plurality of working surfaces connected with each other can be partially filled.
7. The method for designing the coal-based solid waste filling prevention and control mining area rock burst according to claim 1, wherein the filling coal mining equipment in the step S4 mainly comprises a filling coal mining hydraulic support and a flexible belt self-adaptive solid conveyor which are integrated with a slurry spraying function, and the filling coal mining hydraulic support and the flexible belt self-adaptive solid conveyor are used for spraying rapid-setting materials so as to rapidly form a filling body with blanking gangue.
8. The method for designing the coal-based solid waste filling prevention and control mining area rock burst according to claim 1, wherein monitoring point-working face-mining area multi-parameter monitoring indexes in the step S5 are respectively as follows:
monitoring point parameters: roadway deformation gamma and filling body stress sigma 1 Stress sigma of surrounding rock 2 ；
Working face parameters: the deflection lambda of the top plate of the working surface and the subsidence value w of the earth surface of the working surface;
mining area parameters: microseismic phenomena and earth energy.
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| CN117314371A (en) * | 2023-11-30 | 2023-12-29 | 济宁矿业集团有限公司霄云煤矿 | Intelligent management platform for coal mine solid filling |
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2023
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117314371A (en) * | 2023-11-30 | 2023-12-29 | 济宁矿业集团有限公司霄云煤矿 | Intelligent management platform for coal mine solid filling |
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