CN117102656B - Thermite welding method for steel rail - Google Patents
Thermite welding method for steel rail Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN117102656B CN117102656B CN202311386168.6A CN202311386168A CN117102656B CN 117102656 B CN117102656 B CN 117102656B CN 202311386168 A CN202311386168 A CN 202311386168A CN 117102656 B CN117102656 B CN 117102656B
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- welding
- steel rail
- polishing
- support
- rolling
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 123
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 123
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000003832 thermite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 80
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K23/00—Alumino-thermic welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/26—Railway- or like rails
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Machines For Laying And Maintaining Railways (AREA)
- Grinding Of Cylindrical And Plane Surfaces (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a steel rail thermite welding method, which comprises the following steps: s1, adjusting the ends of two steel rails to be welded, and aligning the ends; s2, clamping the welding end with a sand mold; s3, installing a crucible on the sand mold, placing welding flux into the crucible, and preheating the sand mold; s4, after reaction for a preset time, removing the sand mold, and standing and cooling the welding position; s5, performing a tumor pushing operation on the welding position after cooling in the step S4; s6, polishing the welding position; s7, detecting welding quality. According to the thermit welding method for the steel rail, disclosed by the invention, on the premise of meeting relevant specifications, construction can be rapidly carried out, the steel rail is subjected to preheating treatment in a low-temperature environment, ultrasonic flaw detection is carried out on welding heads, the welding quality is ensured, and the qualification of all welding heads is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of track thermite welding, and particularly relates to a steel rail thermite welding method.
Background
Thermite welding generally refers to a method of welding by using a thermite, wherein a joint of a welding member with a proper gap is assembled in a special casting mold, and after the joint is preheated to a certain temperature, high-temperature liquid metal formed by thermite reaction is injected into the casting mold to melt the metal of the joint to realize welding. Because aluminum powder is commonly used as a thermite, the thermite welding method is also commonly called thermite welding, is mainly used for welding steel rails, has different related standard requirements when the rails are constructed in different countries, and is often prepared according to a set of construction methods according to local conditions in order to meet the standard requirements, the early construction preparation is large, the construction process is complex, and a general welding method is required to be formulated so as to meet various requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a steel rail thermite welding method to solve the problems of complex construction and low welding quality on the premise of meeting the standard requirements in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a method of thermite welding a rail comprising the steps of:
s1, adjusting the ends of two steel rails to be welded, and aligning the ends;
s2, clamping the welding end with a sand mold;
s3, installing a crucible on the sand mold, placing welding flux into the crucible, and preheating the sand mold;
s4, after reaction for a preset time, removing the sand mold, and standing and cooling the welding position;
s5, performing a tumor pushing operation on the welding position after cooling in the step S4;
s6, polishing the welding head of the welding position;
s7, detecting welding quality.
Furthermore, before the step S1 is performed, the construction site is inspected, the dryness of the thermite welding area is ensured, the fasteners which are in interference welding on the steel rail are removed as required, the temperature of the steel rail is measured, and rust removal is performed on the full section of the steel rail to be welded.
Furthermore, the temperature of the steel rail before welding is required to be kept above 20 ℃, and if the temperature of the steel rail does not meet the requirement, the end head of the steel rail is required to be preheated by a heating pipe.
Further, the method for adjusting the end in the step S1 is to adjust the end gap of two steel rails to be welded, wherein the end gap of the two steel rails is 8mm-20mm, align the sharp points of the two steel rails, horizontally align the steel rails and adjust the unequal inclination of the rail ends.
Further, the method for detecting welding quality in step S7 is that the polished welding head is subjected to flaw detection by an ultrasonic flaw detector, the unqualified welding head is sawed to be re-welded, appearance detection is required to be carried out on the welding head, and a 1m straight guiding ruler and a feeler are required to be used for detecting the flaw-detected qualified welding head surface, working edge and rail bottom, so that flatness is ensured to meet the requirement, and grinding or sawing is carried out again when the flatness is not met.
Compared with the prior art, the thermite welding method for the steel rail has the following beneficial effects: the thermite welding method can be used for quickly constructing on the premise of meeting relevant specifications, preheating the steel rail in a low-temperature environment, and performing ultrasonic flaw detection on the welding heads, so that the welding quality is ensured, and the qualification of all the welding heads is ensured.
The invention further aims to provide a self-fixing polishing device, which is used for solving the problem that the labor intensity of manually holding a polishing machine is high when polishing is performed after the tumor on the upper surface of a steel rail welding position in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the utility model provides a self-fixing grinding device, includes the support, installs rolling element on the support, and rolling element's one end roll connection is to the upper end of rail, and the both sides of support set up clamping and positioning assembly, and two opposite direction setting's clamping and positioning assembly are used for the relative position of fixed bolster and rail, and the support is floated to be connected the subassembly of polishing, and the lower extreme of polishing the subassembly is used for polishing the rail.
Further, the rolling assembly comprises at least two first rolling wheels, the plurality of first rolling wheels are arranged in parallel, the lower end of each first rolling wheel is connected to the upper end of a steel rail in a rolling mode, a first supporting rod is arranged at the upper end of each first rolling wheel, a plurality of first through holes are formed in the first supporting plate, each first supporting rod is located in one first through hole, and a polishing assembly is arranged at the lower side of the first supporting plate.
Further, a linear bearing is arranged in the first through hole, an inner ring of the linear bearing is connected to the periphery of the first supporting rod in a sliding mode, and the lower side of the first supporting plate is connected to the upper end of the first rolling wheel in a lap joint mode.
Further, the upper end of each first supporting rod is fixedly connected to the lower side of the support, a first spring is arranged on the periphery of each first supporting rod, and two ends of each first spring are respectively and fixedly connected to the upper side of the first supporting plate and the lower side of the support.
Further, be equipped with first screw hole on the support, be equipped with the second through-hole on the first extension board, first screw threaded connection first screw rod, the internal diameter of second through-hole is greater than the external diameter of first screw rod, and the lower extreme fixed mounting first baffle of first screw rod, the external diameter of first baffle is greater than the internal diameter of second through-hole.
Further, the centre gripping locating component includes second extension board, first connecting rod, third extension board and second screw rod, and the one end fixed connection of second extension board is to one side of support, and the downside of second extension board is through first connecting rod fixed connection to third extension board, and is equipped with the second screw hole on the third extension board, second screw hole threaded connection second screw rod, and one end of second screw rod can the butt to one side of rail.
Compared with the prior art, the self-fixing polishing device has the following advantages:
(1) According to the self-fixing polishing device, the rolling assembly can drive the support, the clamping and positioning assembly and the polishing assembly to roll on the steel rail, so that the labor intensity of the maintenance of workers is reduced, when the welding head on the upper surface of the steel rail needs to be polished, the relative positions of the support and the steel rail are fixed through the clamping and positioning assembly, then the welding head on the upper surface of the steel rail is polished through the polishing assembly, the workers can perform other works without manually holding the welding head, the working intensity is reduced, the working efficiency is improved, and the polishing quality is controllable.
(2) According to the self-fixing polishing device, the first support plate is connected to the periphery of the first support rod in a sliding mode through the linear bearing, so that the first support plate can slide smoothly on the periphery of the first support rod, the lower side of the first support plate is lapped to the upper end of the first roller wheel, the upper end of the first roller wheel is of a lower limiting structure for enabling the first support plate to move downwards, when the self-fixing polishing device is used, the lower end face of the polishing assembly is flush with the bottommost end of the first roller wheel, when the polishing assembly meets welding spot salient points, the polishing assembly can drive the first support plate to slide upwards along the track of the first support rod, after a steel rail is polished flat, the polishing assembly is limited by the first roller wheel and is not lowered, and polishing quality is ensured.
(3) According to the self-fixing polishing device, the first screw is a fixing device of the polishing assembly, which is far away from the steel rail when the polishing assembly is not under construction, when the lower end face of the polishing assembly is far away from the steel rail, a worker rotates the first screw, the first screw moves axially relative to the support, the first screw is fixed to slide in the second through hole because the outer diameter of the first screw is smaller than the inner diameter of the second through hole, and when the first baffle is abutted to the lower side of the first support plate, the first screw drives the first support plate to synchronously move, so that the first screw integrally lifts the first support plate and the polishing assembly, the polishing assembly is far away from the steel rail, and the worker can conveniently push the first rolling wheel to roll on the steel rail.
The invention further aims to provide a self-fixing polishing device which is used for solving the problem that polishing quality is uncontrollable when polishing is performed after the side surface of a steel rail welding position is subjected to tumor removal in the prior art.
The utility model provides a self-fixing grinding device, includes the support, installs rolling element on the support, and rolling element's one end roll connection is to the upper end of rail, and the both sides of support set up clamping and positioning assembly, and two opposite direction setting's clamping and positioning assembly are used for the relative position of fixed bolster and rail, and the support is floated to be connected the subassembly of polishing, and the lower extreme of polishing the subassembly is used for polishing the rail.
Further, the rolling assembly comprises at least two second rolling wheels, a plurality of third through holes are formed in the support, two positioning nuts are connected to the periphery of the upper end of each second rolling wheel in a threaded mode, the lower ends of the second rolling wheels are connected to the upper ends of the steel rails in a rolling mode, and the two nuts are respectively abutted to the upper end and the lower end of the support.
Further, the clamping and positioning assembly comprises a fourth support plate, one side of the support is connected to the fourth support plate through a limiting rod, one side of the fourth support plate is provided with a plurality of third rolling wheels, and one end of each third rolling wheel is abutted to one side of a steel rail.
Further, a plurality of third rolling wheels are arranged in parallel, one end of each third rolling wheel is connected to one side of a steel rail in a rolling mode, a second supporting rod is arranged at the other end of each third rolling wheel, a plurality of third through holes are formed in the fifth supporting plate, each second supporting rod is located in one third through hole, and a polishing assembly is arranged on one side of the fifth supporting plate.
Further, one end of the second supporting rod is fixedly connected to one side of the fourth supporting plate, a second spring is arranged on the periphery of the second supporting rod, and two ends of the second spring are respectively and fixedly connected to one side of the fourth supporting plate and one side of the fifth supporting plate.
Further, at least one slide bar is disposed on each limiting bar, the limiting bars and the slide bars are arranged in parallel, sliding holes are formed in the fourth support plates, the slide bars are located in the sliding holes, the slide bars are of T-shaped structures, one ends of the slide bars are fixedly connected to the support, a third spring is arranged on the periphery of the slide bars, and two ends of the third spring are fixedly connected to one ends of the slide bars and one side of the fourth support plates respectively.
Further, a limiting hole is formed in the fourth support plate, the periphery of the limiting rod is located in the limiting hole, the periphery of the limiting rod is connected with a limiting nut in a threaded mode, and the limiting nut is used for fixing the relative position of the third support rod on the limiting rod.
Further, the lower end of the second rolling wheel is connected with the wheel body in a rolling way, an annular groove is formed in the periphery of the wheel body, and one side of the steel rail is located in the annular groove.
Further, the polishing assembly comprises a first motor, the output end of the first motor is provided with a grinding disc, the grinding disc is used for polishing the steel rail, the periphery of the first motor is eccentrically arranged to the output end of the second motor, and the periphery of the second motor is connected to the support in a floating mode.
Further, the output end of the second motor is provided with a rotary table, a long hole is formed in the rotary table, and the periphery of the first motor is connected into the long hole through a fixing bolt.
Further, be equipped with the third screw hole on the fourth extension board, be equipped with the fourth through-hole on the fifth extension board, third screw threaded connection third screw rod in the third screw hole, the internal diameter of fourth through-hole is greater than the external diameter of third screw rod, and the one end installation second baffle of third screw rod, the external diameter of second baffle is greater than the internal diameter of fourth through-hole.
Compared with the prior art, the self-fixing polishing device has the following advantages:
(1) According to the self-fixing polishing device, the rolling assembly can drive the support, the clamping and positioning assembly and the polishing assembly to roll on the steel rail, so that the labor intensity of the maintenance of workers is reduced, when the welding heads on the side surfaces of the steel rail need to be polished, the relative positions of the support and the steel rail are fixed through the clamping and positioning assembly, then the side welding heads of the steel rail need to be polished through the polishing assembly, the manual holding is not needed, other work can be carried out by the workers only by starting the polishing assembly, the working intensity is reduced, the working efficiency is improved, and the polishing quality is controllable.
(2) According to the self-fixing polishing device, the second springs are arranged on the periphery of the second supporting rod, two ends of each second spring are fixedly connected to one side of the fourth supporting plate and one side of the fifth supporting plate respectively, and the second springs are polishing pressure force application structures of polishing assemblies so as to improve polishing efficiency.
(3) According to the self-fixing polishing device, the wheel body can be close to or far away from the steel rail through adjusting the limit nut, meanwhile, the fit clearance between the wheel body and the steel rail can be controlled in a floating mode through the third spring, when a worker pushes the support to slide on the steel rail, and when one side of the steel rail encounters a bump, the wheel body can move relative to the steel rail, and the requirement of rolling of the support on the steel rail is met.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of a steel rail thermite welding method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a self-fastening polishing device according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a rack-mounted rolling assembly according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of a first rolling wheel according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a self-retaining grinding device according to a second embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a clamping and positioning assembly according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a third scroll wheel according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a sanding assembly in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a turntable according to an embodiment of the invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1-a bracket; 11-a first screw; 12-a first baffle; 2-a rolling assembly; 21-a first scroll wheel; 211-a first strut; 212-a first spring; 213-a first support plate; 22-a second scroll wheel; 221-positioning nuts; 3-steel rail; 4-clamping and positioning components; 41-a second support plate; 42-a first link; 43-a third support plate; 44-a second screw; 45-fourth support plate; 46-a limit rod; 461-limit nuts; 47-a third scroll wheel; 471-second struts; 472-fifth support plate; 473-a second spring; 474-wheel body; 48-slide bar; 481-third spring; 49-a third screw; 5-a grinding assembly; 51-a first motor; 52-grinding disc; 53-a second motor; 54-a turntable; 541-elongated holes.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first", "a second", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art in a specific case.
The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments.
The embodiment locks the rail temperature according to the related specification requirements: 23+/-3 ℃ and welding temperature: more than 5 ℃, in special cases, if the ambient temperature can not meet the standard requirement and welding construction is necessary, heat preservation measures such as tent erection and heating measures are needed, but outdoor welding construction in a rainy and snowy environment is not needed, otherwise explosion risks are generated, seamless steel rails are adopted in the implementation, the main types of the steel rails are 60E1 and 49E1, 120-meter long steel rails are adopted, the total number of the steel rails is about 3200, and the steel rail thermite welding process is adopted for welding, wherein the thermite welding method comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation before welding
Checking a construction site, ensuring dryness of a thermite welding area, dismantling fasteners which are welded by interference on a steel rail according to the requirement, measuring the temperature of the steel rail, derusting the whole section of the steel rail within 200mm from the end of the steel rail, preheating a crucible, keeping the temperature of the steel rail above 20 ℃ before welding, and preheating the end of the steel rail through a heating pipe if the temperature of the steel rail does not meet the requirement.
(2) Alignment of rail ends
The gap between the end heads of the two steel rails to be welded is adjusted, the gap between the end heads of the two steel rails is 8mm-20mm, the sharp points of the two steel rails are aligned, the steel rails are horizontally aligned and the unequal inclination of the rail ends is adjusted, welding is required to be carried out within 30 minutes after the alignment of the end heads of the steel rails, and heat preservation alignment operation is required to be carried out again for more than 30 minutes so as to avoid the occurrence of variation of the temperature lower part and the steel rail position.
(3) Clamping sand mould
Before use, the sand mould is carefully inspected, the sand mould is assembled on the steel rail after trial combination, the box sealing groove is filled with box sealing mud, and the slag receiving hopper is arranged.
(4) Crucible loading and crucible placing bracket
Firstly, lightly placing the self-melting plug into a cleaned crucible, wherein the depth is proper; pouring flux into a crucible, inserting a high-temperature match, and covering a crucible cap; and (3) installing the crucible support, placing the crucible on the support and turning the crucible above the sand mold, and adjusting the position of the crucible to enable the pouring opening to be opposite to the sand cavity.
(5) Preheating
Igniting the preheater and regulating flame, placing the preheater on a sand mould, and setting a special person monitoring pressure gauge and flowmeter to time after the flame is regulated.
(6) Ignition and casting
The preheating starts to count down when the last 10 seconds is reached, the ignition is carried out when the time is reached to 3, and the molten steel is automatically poured after the reaction is started.
(7) Unpacking and tumor pushing
Removing the sand mould after the specified time is up; after the sand mould is removed, the hydraulic tumor pushing machine is placed in place, and after the time is up, tumor pushing is started.
(8) Thermal polishing
And polishing the welding head by using a profiling mill to ensure that the profile of the welding head is identical with that of steel rails on two sides.
(9) Cold grinding
And (5) carrying out cold polishing after pouring is finished for 1 hour, so that the flatness of the steel sheet meets the requirement.
(10) Flaw detection
And flaw detection is carried out on the polished welding heads by adopting an ultrasonic flaw detector, and unqualified sawing is carried out to respute welding, so that the qualification rate of the welding heads is ensured to be 100%.
(11) Appearance inspection
And checking the qualified welding head face, working edge and rail bottom by using a 1m straight guiding rule and a feeler gauge, wherein the flatness meets the requirements. And grinding or sawing off the heavy welding is carried out again without meeting the requirements.
The thermite welding method can be used for quickly constructing on the premise of meeting relevant specifications, preheating the steel rail in a low-temperature environment, and performing ultrasonic flaw detection on the welding heads, so that the welding quality is ensured, and the qualification of all the welding heads is ensured.
As shown in fig. 2 and 5, cold polishing treatment is performed on the welding head of the welding position through the self-fixing polishing device, the self-fixing polishing device comprises a support 1, a rolling assembly 2 is installed on the support 1, one end of the rolling assembly 2 is connected to the upper end of a steel rail 3 in a rolling mode, clamping and positioning assemblies 4 are arranged on two sides of the support 1, two opposite clamping and positioning assemblies 4 are used for fixing the relative positions of the support 1 and the steel rail 3, the support 1 is connected with a polishing assembly 5 in a floating mode, the lower end of the polishing assembly 5 is used for polishing the steel rail 3, the rolling assembly 2 can drive the support 1, the clamping and positioning assemblies 4 and the polishing assembly 5 to roll on the steel rail 3, labor intensity of staff is reduced, when the welding head is required to be polished, the relative positions of the support 1 and the steel rail 3 are fixed through the clamping and positioning assemblies 4, then the steel rail 3 is required to be polished through the polishing assembly 5, other works can be performed only by starting the polishing assemblies 5, working efficiency is improved, and polishing quality is controllable.
The upper surface and the side surface of the welded joint of the steel rail 3 need to be polished, the following first embodiment is a self-fixing polishing device for cold polishing the upper surface of the welded joint, and the following second embodiment is a self-fixing polishing device for cold polishing the side surface of the welded joint.
First embodiment
As shown in fig. 2 to 4, the rolling assembly 2 includes at least two first rolling wheels 21, and a plurality of first rolling wheels 21 are disposed parallel to each other, a lower end of each first rolling wheel 21 is connected to an upper end of the rail 3 in a rolling manner, a first supporting rod 211 is mounted at an upper end of each first rolling wheel 21, a plurality of first through holes are formed in the first supporting rod 213, each first supporting rod 211 is located in one first through hole, a polishing assembly 5 is mounted at a lower side of the first supporting rod 213, the plurality of first rolling wheels 21 are used for supporting the support frame 1 to roll on the rail 3, and the first supporting rod 213 is used for the polishing assembly 5 to be connected to the support frame 1 in a floating manner.
The first through hole is internally provided with the linear bearing, the inner ring of the linear bearing is connected to the periphery of the first supporting rod 211 in a sliding manner, the lower side of the first supporting plate 213 is connected to the upper end of the first rolling wheel 21 in a lap joint manner, the first supporting plate 213 is connected to the periphery of the first supporting rod 211 in a sliding manner through the linear bearing, the first supporting plate 213 can slide smoothly on the periphery of the first supporting rod 211, the lower side of the first supporting plate 213 is connected to the upper end of the first rolling wheel in a lap joint manner, the upper end of the first rolling wheel 21 is a lower limiting structure for the first supporting plate 213 to move downwards, when the polishing assembly is used, the lower end face of the polishing assembly 5 is flush with the bottommost end of the first rolling wheel 21, when a welding point salient point is encountered, the polishing assembly 5 can drive the first supporting plate 213 to slide upwards along the track of the first supporting rod 211, after the steel rail 3 is polished, the polishing assembly 5 is limited by the first rolling wheel 21 and does not fall down, and the polishing quality is ensured.
The upper end of each first supporting rod 211 is fixedly connected to the lower side of the support 1, a first spring 212 is arranged on the periphery of each first supporting rod 211, two ends of each first spring 212 are respectively and fixedly connected to the upper side of each first supporting plate 213 and the lower side of the support 1, each first spring 212 is used for elastically resetting and compacting the polishing assembly 5, the polishing assembly 5 can apply a lower pressure to polishing due to the fact that the polishing assembly 5 polishes the upper surface of the steel rail 3, the elasticity of each first spring 212 is not excessively large, elastic resetting force exists, and workers can assemble the polishing assembly according to requirements.
Be equipped with first screw hole on the support 1, be equipped with the second through-hole on the first extension board 213, the first screw 11 of first threaded hole threaded connection, the internal diameter of second through-hole is greater than the external diameter of first screw 11, and the lower extreme fixed mounting first baffle 12 of first screw 11, the external diameter of first baffle 12 is greater than the internal diameter of second through-hole, first screw 11 is the fixing device who keeps away from rail 3 when polishing assembly 5 is not under construction, when the lower terminal surface of needs polishing assembly 5 keeps away from rail 3, the rotatory first screw 11 of staff, first screw 11 relative support 1 axial motion, because of the external diameter of first screw 11 is less than the internal diameter of second through-hole, fixed first screw 11 slides in the second through-hole, when first baffle 12 butt to first extension board 213 downside, first screw 11 drives first extension board 213 synchronous motion, make first screw 11 with first extension board 213, polishing assembly 5 wholly carry out, polishing assembly 5 keeps away from 3, make things convenient for the staff to promote first roll 21 and roll on rail 3, when need polishing the butt joint, the staff is placed down to satisfy first screw 11 and can not interfere at first baffle 211 after the first screw 12.
The clamping and positioning assembly 4 is a structure that the support 1 and the steel rail 3 are relatively fixed, the clamping and positioning assembly 4 comprises a second support plate 41, a first connecting rod 42, a third support plate 43 and a second screw rod 44, one end of the second support plate 41 is fixedly connected to one side of the support 1, the lower side of the second support plate 41 is fixedly connected to the third support plate 43 through the first connecting rod 42, a second threaded hole is formed in the third support plate 43, the second screw rod 44 is connected with the second screw hole in a threaded mode, one end of the second screw rod 44 can be abutted to one side of the steel rail 3, when the relative position of the support 1 and the steel rail 3 is required to be positioned, a worker suspends the second screw rod 44, the end of the second screw rod 44 is abutted to one side of the steel rail 3, and the two opposite second screw rods 44 oppositely clamp the steel rail 3, so that the relative position of the support 1 and the steel rail 3 is fixed.
Second embodiment
As shown in fig. 5-7, the rolling assembly 2 includes at least two second rolling wheels 22, and the bracket 1 is provided with a plurality of third through holes, the periphery of the upper end of each second rolling wheel 22 is connected with two positioning nuts 221 in a threaded manner, the lower end of each second rolling wheel 22 is connected to the upper end of the steel rail 3 in a rolling manner, the two positioning nuts 221 are respectively abutted to the upper end and the lower end of the bracket 1, and each second rolling wheel 22 is locked at the relative position with the bracket 1 through the two positioning nuts 221, so that the fixing of the relative position of the second rolling wheel 22 and the bracket 1 can be realized, and the adjustment of the staff is facilitated.
The clamping and positioning assembly 4 comprises a fourth support plate 45, one side of the support 1 is connected to the fourth support plate 45 through a limiting rod 46, a plurality of third rolling wheels 47 are arranged on one side of the fourth support plate 45, one end of each third rolling wheel 47 is abutted to one side of the steel rail 3, the third rolling wheels 47 are relative position fixing structures of the fourth support plate 45, the support 1 and the steel rail 3, and two opposite third rolling wheels 47 can fix the relative positions of the fourth support plate 45, the polishing assembly 5 and the steel rail 3.
The plurality of third rolling wheels 47 are mutually parallel, one end of each third rolling wheel 47 is connected to one side of the steel rail 3 in a rolling way, a second supporting rod 471 is arranged at the other end of each third rolling wheel 47, a plurality of third through holes are formed in the fifth supporting plate 472, each second supporting rod 471 is located in one third through hole, a polishing component 5 is arranged on one side of the fifth supporting plate 472, and the fifth supporting rod is lapped to one side of the second supporting rod 471 to limit the relative position of the polishing component 5 close to one side of the steel rail 3, so that polishing quality is ensured.
One end of the second supporting rod 471 is fixedly connected to one side of the fourth supporting plate 45, a second spring 473 is arranged on the periphery of the second supporting rod 471, two ends of the second spring 473 are respectively fixedly connected to one side of the fourth supporting plate 45 and one side of the fifth supporting plate 472, and the second spring 473 is a polishing pressure force application structure of the polishing assembly 5 so as to improve polishing efficiency.
Each of the limiting rods 46 is at least provided with one sliding rod 48, the limiting rods 46 and the sliding rods 48 are arranged in parallel, sliding holes are formed in the fourth supporting plates 45, the sliding rods 48 are located in the sliding holes, the sliding rods 48 are of a T-shaped structure, one ends of the sliding rods 48 are fixedly connected to the support 1, third springs 481 are arranged on the periphery of the sliding rods 48, two ends of each third spring 481 are fixedly connected to one ends of the sliding rods 48 and one side of the fourth supporting plates 45 respectively, the sliding rods 48 are limiting structures of sliding tracks of the fourth supporting plates 45, limiting holes are formed in the fourth supporting plates 45, the periphery of each limiting rod 46 is located in each limiting hole, limiting nuts 461 are connected to the periphery of each limiting rod 46 in a threaded mode, the limiting nuts 461 are used for fixing the relative positions of the third supporting plates 46, the limiting nuts 461 are used for limiting the relative positions of the fourth supporting plates 45 and the support 1, and the third springs 481 are elastic floating structures which compress the relative positions of the fourth supporting plates 45.
The wheel body 474 is connected in rolling of second roll wheel 22 lower extreme, and wheel body 474 periphery is equipped with the ring channel, one side of rail 3 is located the ring channel, when implementing, the end of polishing subassembly 5 and ring channel bottom parallel and level, can make wheel body 474 be close to or keep away from rail 3 through adjusting stop nut 461, can float the fit clearance of control wheel body 474 and rail 3 simultaneously through third spring 481, when staff promotes support 1 and slides on rail 3, when bump was met to rail 3 one side, wheel body 474 can move relative rail 3, satisfies support 1 rolling demand on rail 3.
The fourth support plate 45 is provided with a third threaded hole, the fifth support plate 472 is provided with a fourth through hole, the third threaded hole is connected with the third screw 49 in a threaded manner, the inner diameter of the fourth through hole is larger than the outer diameter of the third screw 49, one end of the third screw 49 is provided with a second baffle, the outer diameter of the second baffle is larger than the inner diameter of the fourth through hole, the third screw 49 is used for adjusting the polishing assembly 5 to be close to or far away from the steel rail 3, and the adjusting mode is the same as that of the first screw 11.
As shown in fig. 8 and 9, the polishing assembly 5 used in the first embodiment is identical in structure and different in specification with the polishing assembly 5 used in the second embodiment, the polishing assembly 5 comprises a first motor 51, a grinding disc 52 is installed at the output end of the first motor 51, the grinding disc 52 is used for polishing a steel rail 3, the periphery of the first motor 51 is eccentrically installed at the output end of a second motor 53, the periphery of the second motor 53 is connected to a bracket 1 in a floating manner, the first motor 51 is eccentrically installed on the second motor 53, the polishing surface of the grinding disc 52 can be increased, meanwhile, overheating caused by overlong polishing at the same position is avoided, a turntable 54 is installed at the output end of the second motor 53, a long hole 541 is formed in the turntable 54, the periphery of the first motor 51 is connected into the long hole 541 through a fixing bolt, the fixing bolt fixes the first motor 51 at different positions of the long hole 541, the eccentric distance between the first motor 51 and the second motor 53 can be adjusted, and the applicability of the device is improved.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A steel rail thermite welding method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, adjusting the ends of two steel rails (3) to be welded, and aligning the ends;
s2, clamping the welding end with a sand mold;
s3, installing a crucible on the sand mold, placing welding flux into the crucible, and preheating the sand mold;
s4, after reaction for a preset time, removing the sand mold, and standing and cooling the welding position;
s5, performing a tumor pushing operation on the welding position after cooling in the step S4;
s6, polishing the welding head of the welding position;
s7, detecting welding quality;
before the step S1 is carried out, checking a construction site, ensuring dryness of a thermite welding area, dismantling fasteners which are in interference welding on the steel rail (3) according to the requirement, measuring the temperature of the steel rail (3), and derusting the full section of the steel rail (3) to be welded;
step S6, polishing a welding head of a welding position through a self-fixing polishing device, wherein the self-fixing polishing device comprises a support (1), a rolling assembly (2) is installed on the support (1), one end of the rolling assembly (2) is connected to the upper end of a steel rail (3) in a rolling mode, clamping and positioning assemblies (4) are arranged on two sides of the support (1), the two clamping and positioning assemblies (4) which are oppositely arranged are used for fixing the relative positions of the support (1) and the steel rail (3), the support (1) is in floating connection with a polishing assembly (5), and the lower end of the polishing assembly (5) is used for polishing the steel rail (3);
the rolling assembly (2) comprises at least two second rolling wheels (22), a plurality of third through holes are formed in the support (1), two positioning nuts (221) are connected to the periphery of the upper end of each second rolling wheel (22) in a threaded mode, the lower end of each second rolling wheel (22) is connected to the upper end of the steel rail (3) in a rolling mode, and the two positioning nuts (221) are respectively abutted to the upper end and the lower end of the support (1);
the clamping and positioning assembly (4) comprises a fourth support plate (45), one side of the bracket (1) is connected to the fourth support plate (45) through a limiting rod (46), one side of the fourth support plate (45) is provided with a plurality of third rolling wheels (47), and one end of each third rolling wheel (47) is abutted to one side of the steel rail (3);
the plurality of third rolling wheels (47) are arranged in parallel, one end of each third rolling wheel (47) is connected to one side of the steel rail (3) in a rolling way, a second supporting rod (471) is arranged at the other end of each third rolling wheel (47), a plurality of third through holes are formed in a fifth supporting plate (472), each second supporting rod (471) is located in one third through hole, and a polishing component (5) is arranged at one side of the fifth supporting plate (472);
one end of the second supporting rod (471) is fixedly connected to one side of the fourth supporting plate (45), a second spring (473) is arranged on the periphery of the second supporting rod (471), and two ends of the second spring (473) are fixedly connected to one side of the fourth supporting plate (45) and one side of the fifth supporting plate (472) respectively;
each limiting rod (46) is at least provided with one sliding rod (48), the limiting rods (46) and the sliding rods (48) are arranged in parallel, a sliding hole is formed in the fourth supporting plate (45), the sliding rods (48) are located in the sliding hole, the sliding rods (48) are of a T-shaped structure, one ends of the sliding rods (48) are fixedly connected to the support (1), third springs (481) are arranged on the periphery of the sliding rods (48), two ends of each third spring (481) are respectively fixedly connected to one end of each sliding rod (48) and one side of the fourth supporting plate (45), the sliding rods (48) are of a limiting structure of the sliding track of the fourth supporting plate (45), limiting holes are formed in the fourth supporting plate (45), the periphery of each limiting rod (46) is located in the corresponding limiting hole, limiting nuts (461) are in threaded connection with the periphery of each limiting rod (46), and the limiting nuts (461) are used for fixing the relative positions of the third supporting rods on the limiting rods (46), and the limiting nuts (461) are used for limiting the relative positions of the fourth supporting plates (45) and the support (1).
The lower end of the second rolling wheel (22) is in rolling connection with the wheel body (474), an annular groove is formed in the periphery of the wheel body (474), one side of the steel rail (3) is positioned in the annular groove, the polishing end of the polishing assembly (5) is flush with the bottom of the annular groove, the wheel body (474) is close to or far away from the steel rail (3) through adjusting the limiting nut (461), and the matching gap between the wheel body (474) and the steel rail (3) can be controlled in a floating mode through the third spring (481);
be equipped with the third screw hole on fourth extension board (45), be equipped with the fourth through-hole on fifth extension board (472), third screw hole internal thread connection third screw rod (49), the internal diameter of fourth through-hole is greater than the external diameter of third screw rod (49), and the one end installation second baffle of third screw rod (49), the external diameter of second baffle is greater than the internal diameter of fourth through-hole, third screw rod (49) are used for adjusting polishing subassembly (5) and are close to or keep away from rail (3).
2. A method of thermite welding a steel rail according to claim 1, wherein: the temperature of the steel rail (3) is required to be kept above 20 ℃ before welding, and if the temperature of the steel rail (3) does not meet the requirement, the end head of the steel rail (3) is required to be preheated by a heating pipe.
3. A method of thermite welding a steel rail according to claim 1, wherein: the method for adjusting the end socket in the step S1 is as follows: and adjusting the end gap of the two steel rails (3) to be welded, wherein the end gap of the two steel rails (3) is 8-20 mm, aligning the sharp points of the two steel rails (3) and horizontally aligning the steel rails (3).
4. A method of thermite welding a steel rail according to claim 1, wherein: and S7, detecting welding quality by adopting an ultrasonic flaw detector to detect the polished welding head at the welding position, sawing off the unqualified welding head for respraying, detecting the appearance of the welding head, and checking the qualified welding head surface, working edge and rail bottom by using a 1m straight guiding rule and a feeler to ensure that the flatness meets the requirement, and then repairing or sawing off the respraying.
5. A method of thermite welding a steel rail according to claim 1, wherein: the polishing assembly (5) comprises a first motor (51), wherein a grinding disc (52) is arranged at the output end of the first motor (51), the grinding disc (52) is used for polishing the steel rail (3), the periphery of the first motor (51) is eccentrically arranged at the output end of a second motor (53), and the periphery of the second motor (53) is connected to the bracket (1) in a floating manner;
the output end of the second motor (53) is provided with a rotary table (54), the rotary table (54) is provided with a long hole (541), and the periphery of the first motor (51) is connected into the long hole (541) through a fixing bolt.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202311386168.6A CN117102656B (en) | 2023-10-25 | 2023-10-25 | Thermite welding method for steel rail |
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| CN202311386168.6A CN117102656B (en) | 2023-10-25 | 2023-10-25 | Thermite welding method for steel rail |
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| CN117102656A (en) | 2023-11-24 |
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