CN117081613A - Nonlinear modeling method for wide-band transmitter - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a nonlinear modeling method of a wide-band transmitter, and relates to the technical field of transmitter design. The method comprises the following steps: calculating a first model parameter value according to baseband signals of a receiving end and a transmitting end; obtaining an MP modeling model according to the first model parameter value; carrying out predistortion treatment by adopting an MP modeling model to obtain an AM-AM curve and an AM-PM curve; obtaining two thresholds according to the two curves; obtaining a second model parameter value and a third model parameter value according to the first model parameter value and the baseband signal of the transmitting end; bringing the second model parameter values into the first GMP model to obtain a first GMP modeling model; bringing the third model parameter value into the second GMP model to obtain a second GMP modeling model; and obtaining a wide-band transmitter modeling model according to the three modeling models and the two thresholds. The invention can reduce the complexity in the parameter extraction process and accurately represent the nonlinear characteristics of the transmitter in a wide frequency band.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of transmitter design, in particular to a nonlinear modeling method of a wide-band transmitter.
Background
In wireless communication systems, with greater bandwidth and the application of high peak-to-average ratio signals, higher demands are placed on the linearity performance of the signals. Whereas nonlinear distortion of a wide frequency band transmitter is mainly caused by a power amplifier. The input signal is subject to power amplifier and produces amplitude and phase distortion. The amplitude distortion is represented by compression of signals, the phase distortion is represented by the phase difference between input and output signals changing along with the amplitude, and in addition, new frequency components can be generated, so that the signal-to-noise ratio of other frequency bands and the communication quality of adjacent channels are improved.
In addition to amplitude distortion and phase distortion, power amplifiers also have memory effects. Memory effects manifest themselves in that the current output signal is not only related to the current input signal but also in that the past input signal has an influence on it. Especially for broadband input signals, the memory effect brought by the power amplifier is more obvious with the increase of the bandwidth. The non-linear modeling for the power amplifier must take into account the memory utility.
The Memory Polynomials (MP) model is a common nonlinear model with Memory effects. The nonlinear characteristics of the power amplifier are characterized by deleting cross terms of the Volterra series memory depth inconsistencies, as shown in equation (1). The method is simple to implement, high in flexibility and capable of compensating nonlinear distortion brought by most power amplifiers.
Wherein y is mp For the output of MP model, x (n) is the input of MP model, x (n-Q) is the delay of x (n) by Q units, K represents the K-th order of |x (n) |, K is the nonlinear order, Q is the memory depth, akq is the model parameter, and||is the complex absolute value operation. The MP model has the advantages of high flexibility and simple realization, and can realize the modeling of a simple power amplifier, but the MP model is needlePerformance may be degraded when the memory effect is strong.
The nonlinear distortion caused by the input signal with larger broadband and peak-to-average ratio and the more complex power amplifier often has stronger memory effect, and is difficult to compensate by using a memory polynomial model. Therefore, a generalized memory polynomial (GMP, generalizedMemoryPolynomia) model is proposed for solving the problem of predistortion model of wideband signals, and the linearization performance is improved by adding the intersection terms of additional different memory depths on the basis of MP, as shown in formula (2).
Wherein K is nonlinear order, Q is memory depth, a kq Bklq and cklq are model parameters, and I is complex absolute value operation, y gmp Represents the GMP model output, -l represents the delay of l units, +l represents the lead of l units, Q b Representing the memory depth of the second term, Q c Representing the memory depth of the third item, L b Is the lag depth, L c Is the advance depth.
Although the GMP model can better model the nonlinear behavior of the complex memory effect of the broadband signal, the complexity of the GMP model in the parameter extraction process increases sharply with the addition of the cross terms and the increase of the memory depth.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a nonlinear modeling method for a wide-band transmitter, which can accurately represent the nonlinear characteristics of the transmitter in a wide frequency band while reducing the complexity in the parameter extraction process.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:
a method of nonlinear modeling of a wide-band transmitter, comprising:
an offline experiment platform is constructed, and a baseband signal of a receiving end and a baseband signal of a transmitting end of the offline experiment platform are obtained;
constructing a digital predistortion model;
calculating a first model parameter value in the digital predistortion model according to the baseband signal of the receiving end and the baseband signal of the transmitting end; the first parameter value is a model parameter value of an MP model;
bringing the first model parameter value into the MP model to obtain an MP modeling model;
performing predistortion treatment on the baseband signal of the transmitting end by adopting the MP modeling model to obtain a predistortion AM-AM curve and a predistortion AM-PM curve;
obtaining a first segmentation threshold and a second segmentation threshold in the digital predistortion model according to the AM-AM curve after predistortion and the AM-PM curve after predistortion;
obtaining a second model parameter value and a third model parameter value in the digital predistortion model according to the first model parameter value and the baseband signal of the transmitting end; the second model parameter value is a model parameter value of the first GMP model, and the third model parameter value is a model parameter value of the second GMP model;
bringing the second model parameter values into the first GMP model to obtain a first GMP modeling model;
bringing the third model parameter values into the second GMP model to obtain a second GMP modeling model;
and obtaining a wide-frequency-band transmitter modeling model according to the MP modeling model, the first segmentation threshold, the second segmentation threshold, the first GMP modeling model and the second GMP modeling model, wherein the wide-frequency-band transmitter modeling model is used for carrying out nonlinear modeling on the wide-frequency-band transmitter.
Optionally, the digital predistortion model is specifically:
wherein y represents a digital predistortion model, F gmp1 (. Cndot.) represents the first GMP model, F mp (. Cndot.) represents MP model, F gmp2 (. Cndot.) represents the second GMP model, lambda 1 Represents a first segmentation threshold, lambda 2 Representing a second segmentation thresholdThe value x (n) represents the baseband signal at the transmitting end.
Optionally, the off-line experiment platform comprises a PC end, a vector signal generator, a power amplifier and a vector signal analyzer;
the PC end is used for generating an original baseband signal of the transmitting end and transmitting the original baseband signal of the transmitting end to the vector signal generator;
the vector signal generator is used for carrying out up-conversion operation on the original baseband signal of the transmitting end to obtain a radio frequency signal, and transmitting the radio frequency signal to the power amplifier;
the power amplifier is used for performing power amplification operation on the up-conversion signal to obtain a radio frequency signal after power amplification, and transmitting the radio frequency signal after power amplification to the vector signal analyzer;
the vector signal analyzer is used for performing down-conversion on the radio frequency signal after power amplification to obtain an original baseband signal of the receiving end;
the PC end is also used for carrying out alignment operation on the original baseband signal of the receiving end and the original baseband signal of the transmitting end to obtain the baseband signal of the receiving end and the baseband signal of the transmitting end.
Optionally, calculating a first model parameter value in the digital predistortion model according to the baseband signal of the receiving end and the baseband signal of the transmitting end specifically includes:
the baseband signal of the receiving end and the baseband signal of the transmitting end are brought into the MP model to obtain an MP equation;
and solving the MP equation to obtain a first model parameter value in the digital predistortion model.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
by setting the digital predistortion model to the piecewise functions comprising the MP model, the first GMP model and the second GMP model, modeling by adopting different models for different baseband signals can be realized, and the complexity in the parameter extraction process can be reduced, and meanwhile, the nonlinear characteristics of the transmitter in a wide frequency band can be accurately represented.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of modeling non-linearities of a wide-band transmitter in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an off-line experiment in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a digital predistortion model in accordance with the present invention;
fig. 4 is a flowchart of predistortion parameter extraction in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment of the present invention provides a nonlinear modeling method for a wide-band transmitter, which mainly includes the following steps: the broadband transmitter is used for acquiring baseband signals of a transmitting end and a receiving end of an offline experiment platform; selecting and constructing a digital predistortion model according to the distortion characteristics; modeling the power amplifier after delay alignment according to baseband signals of a transmitting end and a receiving end, and establishing a digital predistortion model and extracting parameters according to the power amplifier model. The basic idea of the method is to segment nonlinear distortion curves according to the power of an input signal, fit each segment of curve by adopting different functions, and model complex nonlinear characteristics as shown in a formula (3).
y represents a digital predistortion model, namely a baseband signal of a receiving end, wherein x (n) is a complex form of an input I/Q signal, namely a baseband signal of a transmitting end, I is an absolute value taking operation on complex numbers, namely the amplitude of the input signal, F M (. Cndot.) nonlinear fitting function of Mth interval, M is number of segments, lambda M For segmented thresholds, commonly used F (-) are polynomials, MP, DDR models, etc.
The non-linear modeling method of the wide-band transmitter comprises the following specific steps:
an offline experiment platform is constructed, and a baseband signal of a receiving end and a baseband signal of a transmitting end of the offline experiment platform are obtained.
A digital predistortion model is constructed.
Calculating a first model parameter value in the digital predistortion model according to the baseband signal of the receiving end and the baseband signal of the transmitting end; the first parameter value is a model parameter value of an MP model.
And carrying the first model parameter value into the MP model to obtain an MP modeling model.
And carrying out predistortion treatment on the baseband signal of the transmitting end by adopting the MP modeling model to obtain a predistortion AM-AM curve and a predistortion AM-PM curve.
And obtaining a first segmentation threshold and a second segmentation threshold in the digital predistortion model according to the AM-AM curve after predistortion and the AM-PM curve after predistortion.
Obtaining a second model parameter value and a third model parameter value in the digital predistortion model according to the first model parameter value and the baseband signal of the transmitting end; the second model parameter value is a model parameter value of the first GMP model, and the third model parameter value is a model parameter value of the second GMP model.
And carrying the second model parameter value into the first GMP model to obtain a first GMP modeling model.
And carrying the third model parameter value into the second GMP model to obtain a second GMP modeling model.
And obtaining a wide-frequency-band transmitter modeling model according to the MP modeling model, the first segmentation threshold, the second segmentation threshold, the first GMP modeling model and the second GMP modeling model, wherein the wide-frequency-band transmitter modeling model is used for carrying out nonlinear modeling on the wide-frequency-band transmitter.
In practical application, as shown in fig. 2, the offline experiment platform includes a PC end (shown as a PC in fig. 2), a vector signal generator, a power amplifier (shown as a power amplifier in fig. 2), and a vector signal analyzer.
The PC end is used for generating an original baseband signal of the transmitting end and transmitting the original baseband signal of the transmitting end to the vector signal generator.
The vector signal generator is used for carrying out up-conversion operation on the original baseband signal of the transmitting end to obtain a radio frequency signal, and transmitting the radio frequency signal to the power amplifier.
The power amplifier is used for performing power amplification operation on the up-conversion signal to obtain a radio frequency signal after power amplification, and transmitting the radio frequency signal after power amplification to the vector signal analyzer.
The vector signal analyzer is used for performing down-conversion on the radio frequency signal after power amplification to obtain an original baseband signal of the receiving end.
The PC end is also used for carrying out alignment operation on the original baseband signal of the receiving end and the original baseband signal of the transmitting end to obtain the baseband signal of the receiving end and the baseband signal of the transmitting end.
In practical application, the specific working process of the offline experiment platform is as follows:
step 1: generating a baseband signal, namely an original baseband signal of a transmitting end, by MATLAB of a PC end, wherein the baseband signal comprises: symbol rate, sampling rate, signal modulation scheme, roll-off coefficient of raised cosine filter, etc.
Step 2: the PC terminal is connected with the vector signal generator through the LAN port. Setting carrier frequency, downloading baseband signals generated by MATLAB to a vector signal generator, up-converting the baseband signals to radio frequency signals through the vector signal generator, transmitting the radio frequency signals to a power amplifier for amplification, and outputting the radio frequency signals after power amplification by the power amplifier.
Step 3: the vector signal analyzer collects the radio frequency signals which are output by the power amplifier and amplified by the power amplifier, down-converts the radio frequency signals to a baseband to obtain the original baseband signals of the receiving end, and then uploads the original baseband signals of the receiving end to MATLAB of the PC end through the LAN port and stores the baseband signals.
Step 4: and processing the original baseband signal of the transmitting end and the original baseband signal of the output end in MATLAB through a delay alignment algorithm to obtain aligned baseband signals, namely the baseband signal of the receiving end and the baseband signal of the transmitting end.
In practical application, as shown in fig. 3, the construction idea of the digital predistortion model is as follows:
step 1: setting two thresholds lambda according to the power of the baseband signal of the transmitting end 1 ，λ 2 Wherein lambda is 1 <λ 2 And dividing the baseband signal of the receiving end into three parts according to the threshold value.
Step 2: when the power of the baseband signal at the transmitting end is smaller, i.e., |x (n) |lambda, according to the phase distortion characteristics of the power amplifier 1 The memory effect of the power amplifier causes stronger phase distortion when the power amplifier is operated, and thus a high memory depth and a GMP model including complex cross terms are selected as the predistortion function of the first part, as shown in equation (2).
Step 3: when the power of the baseband signal at the transmitting end is moderate, namely lambda 1 ≤|x(n)|≤λ 2 When the power amplifier works approximately in the linear region, the signal is amplified approximately linearly and the memory effect caused by the power amplifier is relatively small, so that the MP model with lower complexity can be selected to compensate the nonlinear characteristic of the partAs shown in formula (1).
Step 4: when the power of the baseband signal of the transmitting end is larger, namely lambda 2 And the output signal of the power amplifier starts to be obviously compressed, the nonlinear distortion is serious, and the memory effect influence is small. Therefore, a GMP model with a high order and a low memory depth, which is shown in formula (2), can be selected in this section, and the high order and the low memory depth are only different from the magnitudes of K and Q corresponding to the model in step 3.
Step 5: the first term of the GMP model is set to be the same as the MP model in nonlinear order and memory depth, and the parameter coefficients extracted by the MP model are shared. The digital predistortion model is shown in equation (4):wherein y represents the output of the digital predistortion model, F gmp1 (. Cndot.) represents the first GMP model, F mp (. Cndot.) represents MP model, F gmp2 (. Cndot.) represents the second GMP model, lambda 1 Represents a first segmentation threshold, lambda 2 The second segmentation threshold is represented, and x (n) represents the baseband signal of the transmitting end.
In practical application, calculating a first model parameter value in the digital predistortion model according to the baseband signal of the receiving end and the baseband signal of the transmitting end specifically includes:
and carrying the baseband signal of the receiving end and the baseband signal of the transmitting end into the MP model to obtain an MP equation.
And solving the MP equation to obtain a first model parameter value in the digital predistortion model.
In practical application, the baseband signal of the receiving end and the baseband signal of the transmitting end are brought into the MP model to obtain an MP equation. Solving the MP equation to obtain a first model parameter value in the digital predistortion model, which specifically comprises:
normalizing the baseband signal of the receiving end and the baseband signal of the transmitting end. In the digital predistortion model, a core MP part of the model is firstly solved, a baseband signal y (n) of a receiving end is used as an input of the model, a baseband signal x (n) of a transmitting end is used as an ideal output of the model, and a model parameter is solved through least square to obtain a first model parameter value.
In practical application, the MP modeling model is adopted to carry out predistortion treatment on the baseband signal of the transmitting end, so as to obtain a predistortion AM-AM curve and a predistortion AM-PM curve; obtaining a first segmentation threshold and a second segmentation threshold in the digital predistortion model according to the AM-AM curve after predistortion and the AM-PM curve after predistortion, as shown in fig. 4, specifically includes:
predistortion is carried out on x (n) through the obtained MP modeling model to obtain a baseband signal y of a receiving end 1 (n) (y is obtained by inverting x (n) 1 (n)) plotting the pre-distorted AM-AM and AM-PM. According to the AM-PM curve, the baseband signal at the transmitting end is divided into four sections (0.05,0.15), (0.15,0.25), (0.25,0.35) and (0.35,0.45) respectively, and the variances of the phase differences of the sections are calculated respectively. When the variance of the phase difference between the current interval and the next interval is almost unchanged, selecting the midpoint of the current interval as lambda 1 Variance sigma 2 The calculation is shown in formula (5):where μ represents the mean of x (N), and N represents the total sample number.
Step 3: lambda (lambda) 2 The selection of (2) is mainly calculated according to the existing method, and specifically comprises the following steps: according to the relation between the slope of the AM-AM curve after predistortion of the MP modeling model and the change rate of the slope and the threshold value, the division of the threshold value is mainly in the vicinity of the slope or the change rate of the slope is 1, and the lambda is obtained by 2 The selection process of (2) can also be found in other mathematical ways.
In practical application, the obtaining the second model parameter value and the third model parameter value in the digital predistortion model according to the first model parameter value and the baseband signal of the transmitting end specifically includes:
parameters of two piecewise functions (a first GMP model and a second GMP model) constructed by the GMP models are calculated. For simplicity of description let U gmp For GMP model cross termsThe operator matrix is formed so that the parameters of MP are also used as the parameters of the first term of GMP to obtain (6) and (7), and c is solved by the least square method gmp ：
U mp ·c mp +U gmp ·c gmp ＝x(n) (6)
U gmp ·c gmp ＝x(n)-U mp ·c mp (7)
Wherein U is mp And U gmp Composed of values of the output signal y (n) of the normalized power amplifier in a specific interval, c is known mp Parameters of MP model, c, calculated for the first part gmp Coefficients for the other two terms of the GMP model.
The parameter solving process described herein can be obtained by a least square method, a least square error algorithm, a recursive least square method and other mathematical methods.
According to the embodiment of the invention, by constructing an offline experiment platform, the baseband signals of a transmitting end and a receiving end are recorded; selecting a composition of piecewise functions (GMP and MP) according to an amplitude distortion characteristic and a phase distortion characteristic of the power amplifier, and GMP multiplexing parameters of the MP to reduce a parameter extraction complexity; solving the threshold lambda by means of variance calculation according to the AM-PM curve after MP predistortion 1 Solving the threshold lambda from the AM-AM curve 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Finally, the model is subjected to two-time segmentation parameter extraction, parameters are solved for the whole MP model for the first time, errors after MP predistortion are solved, the power of the baseband signal of the receiving end is judged for the second time, and parameters of the second partial GMP model are solved according to a threshold value. Finally, the parameters are copied into a predistorter, the model is consistent with a piecewise function solving model, and a modeling model of the wide-frequency band transmitter is obtained through solving the parameters in the digital predistortion model, so that nonlinear modeling of the wide-frequency band transmitter is realized.
The embodiment of the invention takes the baseband signal of the receiving end as the input of the model, takes the baseband signal of the transmitting end as the output, selects a proper piecewise function digital predistortion model, and realizes nonlinear modeling of the wide-band transmitter after predistortion of the piecewise function digital predistortion model.
The invention adopts the idea of piecewise function fitting, aims to accurately represent the nonlinear characteristics of a transmitter in a wide frequency band while needing less complexity of model parameter extraction, and provides a model foundation for linearization technologies such as predistortion correction of the transmitter by using a piecewise function to dynamically select a memory polynomial and a generalized memory polynomial to fit the nonlinear distortion characteristics together with an input signal by using a piecewise function.
In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other. For the system disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant points refer to the description of the method section.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein with reference to specific examples, the description of which is intended only to assist in understanding the methods of the present invention and the core ideas thereof; also, it is within the scope of the present invention to be modified by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the present teachings. In view of the foregoing, this description should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for nonlinear modeling of a wide-band transmitter, comprising:
an offline experiment platform is constructed, and a baseband signal of a receiving end and a baseband signal of a transmitting end of the offline experiment platform are obtained;
constructing a digital predistortion model;
calculating a first model parameter value in the digital predistortion model according to the baseband signal of the receiving end and the baseband signal of the transmitting end; the first parameter value is a model parameter value of an MP model;
bringing the first model parameter value into the MP model to obtain an MP modeling model;
performing predistortion treatment on the baseband signal of the transmitting end by adopting the MP modeling model to obtain a predistortion AM-AM curve and a predistortion AM-PM curve;
obtaining a first segmentation threshold and a second segmentation threshold in the digital predistortion model according to the AM-AM curve after predistortion and the AM-PM curve after predistortion;
obtaining a second model parameter value and a third model parameter value in the digital predistortion model according to the first model parameter value and the baseband signal of the transmitting end; the second model parameter value is a model parameter value of the first GMP model, and the third model parameter value is a model parameter value of the second GMP model;
bringing the second model parameter values into the first GMP model to obtain a first GMP modeling model;
bringing the third model parameter values into the second GMP model to obtain a second GMP modeling model;
and obtaining a wide-frequency-band transmitter modeling model according to the MP modeling model, the first segmentation threshold, the second segmentation threshold, the first GMP modeling model and the second GMP modeling model, wherein the wide-frequency-band transmitter modeling model is used for carrying out nonlinear modeling on the wide-frequency-band transmitter.
2. The method for modeling non-linearities of a wide-frequency-band transmitter according to claim 1, wherein the digital predistortion model is specifically:
wherein y represents a digital predistortion model, F gmp1 (. Cndot.) represents the first GMP model, F mp (. Cndot.) represents MP model, F gmp2 (. Cndot.) represents the second GMP model, lambda 1 Represents a first segmentation threshold, lambda 2 The second segmentation threshold is represented, and x (n) represents the baseband signal of the transmitting end.
3. The method for modeling nonlinearity of a wideband transmitter as claimed in claim 1 wherein said off-line experiment platform comprises a PC side, a vector signal generator, a power amplifier and a vector signal analyzer;
the PC end is used for generating an original baseband signal of the transmitting end and transmitting the original baseband signal of the transmitting end to the vector signal generator;
the vector signal generator is used for carrying out up-conversion operation on the original baseband signal of the transmitting end to obtain a radio frequency signal, and transmitting the radio frequency signal to the power amplifier;
the power amplifier is used for performing power amplification operation on the up-conversion signal to obtain a radio frequency signal after power amplification, and transmitting the radio frequency signal after power amplification to the vector signal analyzer;
the vector signal analyzer is used for performing down-conversion on the radio frequency signal after power amplification to obtain an original baseband signal of the receiving end;
the PC end is also used for carrying out alignment operation on the original baseband signal of the receiving end and the original baseband signal of the transmitting end to obtain the baseband signal of the receiving end and the baseband signal of the transmitting end.
4. The method for nonlinear modeling of a wideband transmitter according to claim 1, wherein calculating a first model parameter value in the digital predistortion model according to the baseband signal of the receiving end and the baseband signal of the transmitting end specifically comprises:
the baseband signal of the receiving end and the baseband signal of the transmitting end are brought into the MP model to obtain an MP equation;
and solving the MP equation to obtain a first model parameter value in the digital predistortion model.
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