CN117067149A - Full-automatic torque sensing and control system of intelligent wrench - Google Patents
Full-automatic torque sensing and control system of intelligent wrench Download PDFInfo
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- CN117067149A CN117067149A CN202311206195.0A CN202311206195A CN117067149A CN 117067149 A CN117067149 A CN 117067149A CN 202311206195 A CN202311206195 A CN 202311206195A CN 117067149 A CN117067149 A CN 117067149A
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- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000010801 machine learning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000012706 support-vector machine Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
- B25B23/00—Details of, or accessories for, spanners, wrenches, screwdrivers
- B25B23/14—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers
- B25B23/147—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers specially adapted for electrically operated wrenches or screwdrivers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
- B25B23/00—Details of, or accessories for, spanners, wrenches, screwdrivers
- B25B23/14—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers
- B25B23/142—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers specially adapted for hand operated wrenches or screwdrivers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
- B25B23/00—Details of, or accessories for, spanners, wrenches, screwdrivers
- B25B23/14—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers
- B25B23/142—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers specially adapted for hand operated wrenches or screwdrivers
- B25B23/1422—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers specially adapted for hand operated wrenches or screwdrivers torque indicators or adjustable torque limiters
- B25B23/1425—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers specially adapted for hand operated wrenches or screwdrivers torque indicators or adjustable torque limiters by electrical means
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Details Of Spanners, Wrenches, And Screw Drivers And Accessories (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of intelligent wrenches, in particular to a full-automatic torque sensing and controlling system of an intelligent wrench, which comprises a basic wrench structure, a torque sensor, a microprocessor, a driving motor, a touch screen display interface and a wireless communication module, wherein the basic wrench structure comprises: the device comprises a working end and an operating end, wherein the working end is used for being contacted with a bolt or a nut, and the operating end is used for being driven manually or automatically; torque sensor: the working end of the basic wrench structure is used for detecting the torque applied by the wrench in real time and transmitting the detected torque data to the microprocessor; and (3) a microprocessor: an algorithm module is configured to calculate the torque offset value. According to the invention, accurate, self-adaptive and safe control of wrench torque is realized through high-precision torque sensing, self-adaptive machine learning algorithm, multi-protocol wireless communication, high-capacity battery, visual multicolor LED and vibration feedback.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of intelligent wrenches, in particular to a full-automatic torque sensing and controlling system of an intelligent wrench.
Background
Torque control is a critical factor in modern manufacturing, repair and assembly processes, especially in applications requiring accurate tightening or loosening of screws and nuts, conventional wrench tools often lack accurate torque control and measurement functions, which can result in excessive or insufficient tightening forces, thereby affecting product quality and safety.
In order to improve the accuracy and convenience of torque control, electronic wrench systems have emerged, which generally include an electrically driven motor, a torque sensor, and a microprocessor, and although these systems improve the accuracy and convenience of torque control to some extent, they have various limitations, for example, existing systems may not support various wireless communication protocols, thereby limiting their flexibility of application in different operating environments, and battery life and power monitoring are often ignored, resulting in users facing power shortage at critical times.
In addition, most existing systems lack intuitive user interfaces and feedback mechanisms, such as multi-color LED indicators or vibration alerts, which cause users to lack immediate system status information during operation, increasing the risk of mishandling, and most importantly, many existing electronic wrench systems do not employ advanced machine learning algorithms to dynamically adjust torque control parameters, which limits their ability to adapt to different torque requirements and usage conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above purpose, the invention provides a full-automatic torque sensing and controlling system of an intelligent wrench.
The full-automatic torque sensing and controlling system for intelligent spanner includes basic spanner structure, torque sensor, microprocessor, driving motor, touch screen display interface and radio communication module,
basic spanner structure: the device comprises a working end and an operating end, wherein the working end is used for being contacted with a bolt or a nut, and the operating end is used for being driven manually or automatically;
torque sensor: the working end of the basic wrench structure is used for detecting the torque applied by the wrench in real time and transmitting the detected torque data to the microprocessor;
and (3) a microprocessor: an algorithm module is configured, and the algorithm module calculates a torque deviation value according to a preset torque parameter and real-time torque data received from a torque sensor;
the driving motor is arranged at the operating end of the basic wrench structure and is connected with the microprocessor, and when the microprocessor algorithm module calculates a torque deviation value, the driving motor can adjust the torque according to a control instruction sent by the microprocessor;
the touch screen display interface is arranged at the operation end of the basic wrench structure and is used for displaying real-time torque data and system states, and the touch screen is connected with the microprocessor and allows a user to input a torque set value and other operation parameters through touch operation;
the wireless communication module is connected with the microprocessor and used for sending real-time torque data, system state and early warning information of the system to the remote monitoring platform.
Further, the basic wrench structure is made of high-strength stainless steel.
Further, the torque sensor adopts the strain gauge technology, and can accurately detect the torque applied by the working end in real time through the integration of the strain gauge and the working end of the wrench, the strain gauge is made of high-sensitivity metal alloy, and the strain gauge is connected with steel inside the working end so as to ensure the accuracy of torque reading, wherein the resistance change of the strain gauge is in direct proportion to the torque applied to the working end of the wrench.
Further, the microprocessor is configured with a machine learning algorithm based on a support vector machine SVM, for adaptively adjusting torque control parameters, based on the machine learning algorithm, real-time torque data and historical torque data collected by the torque sensor are used as input variables X, and are analyzed and classified by a support vector machine model, specifically, the support vector machine algorithm is used for finding a hyperplane, expressed mathematically as:
f(x)=w·x+b,
where w is the weight vector, x is the input feature, b is the bias term, the goal of the hyperplane is to divide the different torque states in a maximally spaced manner based on historical and real-time torque data, predict the state of new torque data by substituting it into the hyperplane equation f (x) as it enters the system, and dynamically adjust the torque output parameters accordingly.
Furthermore, the driving motor is specifically a stepping motor which is connected with the microprocessor and carries out torque adjustment according to a control instruction provided by the microprocessor, the rotating speed and the steering of the stepping motor are controlled by a microprocessor algorithm module so as to realize high-precision torque control, and in addition, the stepping motor is also provided with a built-in encoder which can monitor the rotating speed and the position of the motor in real time and further improve the accuracy of torque adjustment.
Furthermore, the touch screen display interface comprises a high-sensitivity voice recognition module, the voice recognition module allows a user to input a torque set value and other operation parameters through voice commands, the voice recognition module uses a deep neural network algorithm to perform voice-to-text conversion and recognize multiple languages and accents, the user can perform complex torque setting operation through simple voice commands, and therefore operation flow is greatly simplified.
Furthermore, three independent communication interfaces, namely Bluetooth 5.0, wi-Fi6 and 5G interfaces, are embedded in the wireless communication module, wherein each communication interface is directly connected with an independent processing unit to realize parallel processing and data transmission, the wireless communication module further comprises a hardware encryption unit, particularly an AES256 hardware encryption algorithm, so that all incoming and outgoing data packets are ensured to be encrypted, the data security is enhanced, and the module can also automatically select the optimal communication interface and processing unit in the data transmission process.
Further, the battery module is a lithium ion battery with a capacity of 5000mAh, the lithium ion battery is directly connected with the microprocessor, an I2C electric quantity monitoring chip is inserted between the battery module and the microprocessor, the monitoring chip is used for monitoring the electric quantity state of the battery in real time, when the electric quantity of the battery is lower than a preset threshold value, the electric quantity monitoring chip automatically sends an interrupt signal to the microprocessor, after receiving the interrupt signal, the microprocessor triggers a preset low electric quantity alarm mechanism, and the alarm mechanism comprises sending a warning message to a user or activating an audible and visual alarm device.
Furthermore, the system also comprises an RGB LED indicator lamp module which is connected with the microprocessor through the SPI, the LED indicator lamp module is used for displaying various colors and adjusting brightness, the microprocessor is programmed to send a specific control instruction to the SPI interface, so that the change of the color and the brightness of the LED indicator lamp is realized, the change of the brightness is customized according to the torque state or the system state, and particularly, when the system is in a normal torque range, the LED display is green; when the torque is close to the set limit, the LED displays yellow; the LED displays a red color when torque is out of range or the system fails.
Further, the system includes an electromagnetic vibration module connected to the microprocessor through an independent PWM controller, the microprocessor changing the duty cycle of the PWM signal through software programming to control the vibration frequency and vibration amplitude of the vibration module, specifically, when the system detects that the torque reaches or exceeds a preset value, the microprocessor immediately changes the output signal of the PWM controller to trigger the vibration module, thereby providing a clear and timely vibration feedback to the user to indicate completion of the tightening or loosening operation.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, by integrating the high-precision torque sensor, the multi-protocol wireless communication module, the high-capacity battery module, the multicolor LED indicator lamp and the vibration module and a microprocessor applying a machine learning algorithm based on a Support Vector Machine (SVM), the high-precision and self-adaptive control of the torque is realized, so that the application flexibility of the wrench under different working environments and conditions is greatly improved, and the product quality and safety problems caused by inaccurate torque control are remarkably reduced.
The system can stably operate in various working scenes and network environments through the multi-protocol wireless communication module, and can also perform high-efficiency and stable data interaction with a remote monitoring platform or other equipment, so that the practicability of the electronic wrench system in the modern manufacturing and maintenance processes is greatly improved, and the possibility is provided for real-time monitoring and remote fault diagnosis.
The invention also has visual user feedback mechanisms, such as a multicolor LED indicator lamp and a vibration module, which not only can provide clear information about torque and system state for users in time, but also can reduce misunderstanding and errors in the operation process of users, further improves the accuracy and safety of operation, and greatly simplifies the operation flow of users by the visual feedback mechanisms, so that users can quickly get hands even non-professional people.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings which are used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the description below are only of the invention and that other drawings can be obtained from them without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an automatic torque sensing and control system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described in detail with reference to specific embodiments in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent.
It is to be noted that unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used herein should be taken in a general sense as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs. The terms "first," "second," and the like, as used herein, do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather are used to distinguish one element from another. The word "comprising" or "comprises", and the like, means that elements or items preceding the word are included in the element or item listed after the word and equivalents thereof, but does not exclude other elements or items. The terms "connected" or "connected," and the like, are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. are used merely to indicate relative positional relationships, which may also be changed when the absolute position of the object to be described is changed.
As shown in fig. 1, a full-automatic torque sensing and controlling system of an intelligent wrench comprises a basic wrench structure, a torque sensor, a microprocessor, a driving motor, a touch screen display interface and a wireless communication module, wherein,
basic spanner structure: the device comprises a working end and an operating end, wherein the working end is used for being contacted with a bolt or a nut, and the operating end is used for being driven manually or automatically;
torque sensor: the working end of the basic wrench structure is used for detecting the torque applied by the wrench in real time and transmitting the detected torque data to the microprocessor;
and (3) a microprocessor: an algorithm module is configured, and the algorithm module calculates a torque deviation value according to a preset torque parameter and real-time torque data received from a torque sensor;
the driving motor is arranged at the operating end of the basic wrench structure and is connected with the microprocessor, and when the microprocessor algorithm module calculates a torque deviation value, the driving motor can adjust the torque according to a control instruction sent by the microprocessor;
the touch screen display interface is arranged at the operation end of the basic wrench structure and is used for displaying real-time torque data and system states, and the touch screen is connected with the microprocessor and allows a user to input a torque set value and other operation parameters through touch operation;
the wireless communication module is connected with the microprocessor and used for sending real-time torque data, system state and early warning information of the system to the remote monitoring platform.
The basic wrench structure is made of high-strength stainless steel to enhance the mechanical strength and durability of the wrench.
The torque sensor adopts the strain gauge technology, and can accurately detect the torque applied by the working end in real time through the integration of the strain gauge and the working end of the wrench, the strain gauge is made of high-sensitivity metal alloy, and the strain gauge is connected with steel inside the working end so as to ensure the accuracy of torque reading, wherein the resistance change of the strain gauge is in direct proportion to the torque applied to the working end of the wrench, so that higher torque detection accuracy is provided.
The microprocessor is configured with a machine learning algorithm based on a Support Vector Machine (SVM) for adaptively adjusting torque control parameters, real-time torque data and historical torque data collected by the torque sensor are used as input variables X based on the machine learning algorithm, analysis and classification are carried out through a support vector machine model, and the support vector machine algorithm is specifically used for finding a hyperplane expressed mathematically as:
f(x)=w·x+b,
where w is a weight vector, x is an input feature (i.e., torque data), b is a bias term, the goal of the hyperplane is to divide the different torque states (e.g., "normal" and "abnormal") in a maximally spaced manner based on historical and real-time torque data, predict the state of new torque data when it enters the system by substituting it into the hyperplane equation f (x), and dynamically adjust the torque output parameters accordingly;
by applying the SVM-based machine learning algorithm, the system can automatically adapt to and realize accurate torque control under different use conditions and torque demands, so that the operation accuracy of a wrench is improved, and the intelligent level of the system is greatly improved.
The driving motor is specifically a stepping motor which is connected with the microprocessor and carries out torque adjustment according to a control instruction provided by the microprocessor, the rotating speed and the steering of the stepping motor are controlled by a microprocessor algorithm module so as to realize high-precision torque control, and in addition, the stepping motor is also provided with a built-in encoder which can monitor the rotating speed and the position of the motor in real time and further improve the accuracy of torque adjustment.
The touch screen display interface comprises a high-sensitivity voice recognition module which allows a user to input a torque set value and other operation parameters through voice commands, the voice recognition module uses a deep neural network algorithm to perform voice-to-text conversion and recognize multiple languages and accents, and the user can perform complex torque setting operation through simple voice commands, so that the operation flow is greatly simplified, and the voice recognition module also has an environment noise filtering function and ensures that the voice commands of the user can be accurately recognized in a noisy working environment.
The wireless communication module is embedded with three independent communication interfaces, namely Bluetooth 5.0, wi-Fi6 and 5G interfaces, wherein each communication interface is directly connected with an independent processing unit to realize parallel processing and data transmission, the wireless communication module further comprises a hardware encryption unit, specifically an AES256 hardware encryption algorithm, so that all incoming and outgoing data packets are ensured to be encrypted, the data security is enhanced, and in the data transmission process, the module can also automatically select the optimal communication interface and processing unit, so that efficient and stable connection with a remote monitoring platform or other devices is ensured.
The battery module is a lithium ion battery with the capacity of 5000mAh, the lithium ion battery is directly connected with the microprocessor, an I2C electric quantity monitoring chip is inserted between the battery module and the microprocessor, the monitoring chip is used for monitoring the electric quantity state of the battery in real time, when the electric quantity of the battery is lower than a preset threshold value, the electric quantity monitoring chip can automatically send an interrupt signal to the microprocessor, after receiving the interrupt signal, the microprocessor triggers a preset low electric quantity alarm mechanism, and the alarm mechanism comprises sending a warning message to a user or activating an audible-visual alarm device.
The system also comprises an RGB LED indicator lamp module, wherein the indicator lamp module is connected with the microprocessor through an SPI (serial peripheral interface), the LED indicator lamp module is used for displaying various colors and adjusting brightness, the microprocessor is programmed to send a specific control instruction to the SPI interface, so that the color and brightness of the LED indicator lamp are changed, the brightness is customized according to the torque state or the system state, and particularly, when the system is in a normal torque range, the LED is green; when the torque is close to the set limit, the LED displays yellow; the LED displays a red color when torque is out of range or the system fails.
The system comprises an electromagnetic vibration module which is connected with a microprocessor through an independent PWM (pulse width modulation) controller, wherein the microprocessor changes the duty ratio of PWM signals through software programming so as to control the vibration frequency and the vibration amplitude of the vibration module, and particularly, when the system detects that the torque reaches or exceeds a preset value, the microprocessor immediately changes the output signal of the PWM controller so as to trigger the vibration module, thereby providing a clear and timely vibration feedback for a user to indicate the completion of the screwing or unscrewing operation.
The present invention is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variances which fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. Therefore, any omission, modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The full-automatic torque sensing and controlling system of the intelligent wrench is characterized by comprising a basic wrench structure, a torque sensor, a microprocessor, a driving motor, a touch screen display interface and a wireless communication module, wherein,
basic spanner structure: the device comprises a working end and an operating end, wherein the working end is used for being contacted with a bolt or a nut, and the operating end is used for being driven manually or automatically;
torque sensor: the working end of the basic wrench structure is used for detecting the torque applied by the wrench in real time and transmitting the detected torque data to the microprocessor;
and (3) a microprocessor: an algorithm module is configured, and the algorithm module calculates a torque deviation value according to a preset torque parameter and real-time torque data received from a torque sensor;
the driving motor is arranged at the operating end of the basic wrench structure and is connected with the microprocessor, and when the microprocessor algorithm module calculates a torque deviation value, the driving motor can adjust the torque according to a control instruction sent by the microprocessor;
the touch screen display interface is arranged at the operation end of the basic wrench structure and is used for displaying real-time torque data and system states, and the touch screen is connected with the microprocessor and allows a user to input a torque set value and other operation parameters through touch operation;
the wireless communication module is connected with the microprocessor and used for sending real-time torque data, system state and early warning information of the system to the remote monitoring platform.
2. The full-automatic torque sensing and control system of a smart wrench of claim 1, wherein the base wrench structure is fabricated from high strength stainless steel.
3. The full-automatic torque sensing and controlling system of an intelligent wrench according to claim 1, wherein the torque sensor adopts a strain gauge technology, the torque applied by the working end of the wrench can be accurately detected in real time through the integration of a strain gauge and the working end of the wrench, the strain gauge is made of a high-sensitivity metal alloy, the strain gauge is connected with steel inside the working end to ensure the accuracy of torque reading, and the resistance change of the strain gauge is in direct proportion to the torque applied to the working end of the wrench.
4. The full-automatic torque sensing and controlling system of an intelligent wrench according to claim 1, wherein the microprocessor is configured with a machine learning algorithm based on a support vector machine SVM, for adaptively adjusting torque control parameters, based on the machine learning algorithm, real-time torque data and historical torque data collected by the torque sensor are used as input variables X, analyzed and classified by a support vector machine model, and in particular, the support vector machine algorithm is used for finding a hyperplane, expressed mathematically as:
f(x)=w·x+b,
where w is the weight vector, x is the input feature, b is the bias term, the goal of the hyperplane is to divide the different torque states in a maximally spaced manner based on historical and real-time torque data, predict the state of new torque data by substituting it into the hyperplane equation f (x) as it enters the system, and dynamically adjust the torque output parameters accordingly.
5. The full-automatic torque sensing and controlling system of the intelligent wrench according to claim 1, wherein the driving motor is a stepping motor, the stepping motor is connected with the microprocessor and is used for torque adjustment according to control instructions provided by the microprocessor, the rotating speed and the steering of the stepping motor are controlled by a microprocessor algorithm module so as to realize high-precision torque control, and in addition, the stepping motor is further provided with a built-in encoder which can monitor the rotating speed and the position of the motor in real time and further improve the accuracy of torque adjustment.
6. The full-automatic torque sensing and controlling system of intelligent wrench according to claim 1, wherein the touch screen display interface comprises a high-sensitivity voice recognition module which allows a user to input a torque set value and other operation parameters through voice command, the voice recognition module uses a deep neural network algorithm to perform voice-to-text conversion, recognizes various languages and accents, and the user can perform complex torque setting operation through simple voice command, thereby greatly simplifying operation flow, and the voice recognition module also has an environmental noise filtering function to ensure accurate recognition of the user's voice command in noisy working environment.
7. The full-automatic torque sensing and controlling system of claim 1, wherein the wireless communication module is embedded with three independent communication interfaces, namely bluetooth 5.0, wi-Fi6 and 5G interfaces, wherein each communication interface is directly connected with an independent processing unit to realize parallel processing and data transmission, the wireless communication module further comprises a hardware encryption unit, particularly an AES256 hardware encryption algorithm, to ensure that all incoming and outgoing data packets are encrypted, thereby enhancing data security, and the module can automatically select the optimal communication interface and processing unit during data transmission.
8. The full-automatic torque sensing and controlling system of claim 1, wherein the battery module is a lithium ion battery with a capacity of 5000mAh, the lithium ion battery is directly connected with the microprocessor, an I2C power monitoring chip is inserted between the battery module and the microprocessor, the monitoring chip is used for monitoring the power state of the battery in real time, when the power of the battery is lower than a preset threshold value, the power monitoring chip automatically sends an interrupt signal to the microprocessor, and after receiving the interrupt signal, the microprocessor triggers a preset low power alarm mechanism, and the alarm mechanism comprises sending a warning message to a user or activating an audible and visual alarm device.
9. The full-automatic torque sensing and controlling system of the intelligent wrench according to claim 1, further comprising an RGB LED indicator module connected to the microprocessor through the SPI, the LED indicator module being adapted to display a plurality of colors and adjust brightness, the microprocessor being programmed to send specific control instructions to the SPI interface to effect a change in the color and brightness of the LED indicator, the change in brightness being customized according to a torque state or a system state, in particular, when the system is in a normal torque range, the LED is green; when the torque is close to the set limit, the LED displays yellow; the LED displays a red color when torque is out of range or the system fails.
10. The full-automatic torque sensing and controlling system of claim 1, wherein the system comprises an electromagnetic vibration module connected to the microprocessor through an independent PWM controller, wherein the microprocessor is programmed by software to change the duty cycle of the PWM signal, thereby controlling the vibration frequency and vibration amplitude of the vibration module, and specifically, when the system detects that the torque reaches or exceeds a preset value, the microprocessor immediately changes the output signal of the PWM controller, thereby triggering the vibration module to give a clear and timely vibration feedback to the user to indicate the completion of the tightening or loosening operation.
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