CN117043290A - 减摩涂层组合物 - Google Patents

减摩涂层组合物 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117043290A
CN117043290A CN202180052182.5A CN202180052182A CN117043290A CN 117043290 A CN117043290 A CN 117043290A CN 202180052182 A CN202180052182 A CN 202180052182A CN 117043290 A CN117043290 A CN 117043290A
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China
Prior art keywords
friction reducing
coating formulation
reducing coating
formulation composition
afc
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CN202180052182.5A
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English (en)
Inventor
M·穆什拉什
P·福克斯
G·韦伯
J·韦尔
B·乔杜里
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DuPont Polymers Inc
DDP Specialty Electronic Materials US 9 LLC
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DuPont Polymers Inc
DDP Specialty Electronic Materials US 9 LLC
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Publication of CN117043290A publication Critical patent/CN117043290A/zh
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Abstract

公开了一种减摩涂层配制品组合物，其包含：(a)可溶性树脂，(b)不溶性聚合物，(c)任选地固体润滑剂，以及(d)溶剂。

Description

减摩涂层组合物
相关申请的交叉引用
无
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及减摩涂层组合物、由这些组合物形成的减摩涂层以及具有这些减摩涂层的滑动构件。
背景技术
减摩涂层(AFC)在本领域中已知用于改进用于工业机器、建筑机器和汽车的部件的滑动特性。典型的减摩涂层组合物包含树脂粘合剂、固体润滑剂和溶剂。固体润滑剂用于减少接触表面在相对运动中的摩擦和磨损并且提供保护免于损坏。众所周知的固体润滑剂包括二硫化钼(MoS2)、石墨和聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)。树脂粘合剂用于粘合固体润滑剂并且为AFC提供强度。两种众所周知的树脂粘合剂包括聚酰胺和聚酰胺酰亚胺。
WO 2016/073341 A公开了包括耐磨涂层的连接杆。耐磨涂层包含聚合物基质、固体润滑剂和硬颗粒，其中固体润滑剂选自二硫化钼、石墨、硫化钨、六方氮化硼、聚四氟乙烯和金属硫化物。它可以包含一种或多种固体润滑剂。US 7,368,182 B公开了另一种用于改进耐磨性的涂层。
AFC可以通过各种方法应用于部件。例如，可以经由浸涂、旋涂、刷涂和喷涂施加液态涂层。这些方法对液态AFC组合物及其作为AFC的性能造成了某些固有的限制。例如碱性的树脂粘合剂必须在溶剂中具有一定溶解度。因为溶解度随着具有类似结构的树脂粘合剂的分子量增大而降低，所以需要具有足够低分子量的树脂粘合剂来维持可流动性和/或可喷洒性。然而，降低分子量可能伴随着类似的AFC强度上的降低。类似地，树脂粘合剂和固体润滑剂在液态AFC组合物中的含量增大可能负面地影响液态AFC组合物的流动和可喷洒性，但是分别改进AFC的强度和滑动特性。
虽然包含树脂和固体润滑剂的一些AFC显示出出色的滑动特性，但仍然需要液态AFC组合物，该组合物提供具有改进的强度和/或滑动特性并使用已知方法(如喷涂)施加的AFC。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种减摩涂层组合物，其包含：(a)可溶性树脂，(b)不溶性聚合物，(c)任选地固体润滑剂，以及(d)溶剂。
本发明进一步涉及一种由该减摩涂层组合物形成的减摩涂层。
该减摩涂层组合物可以用施加液态AFC组合物的传统方法施加于零件并且所产生的AFC具有改进的特性如降低的摩擦系数和提高的耐久性。
附图说明
图1示出LFW-1测试的几何结构。
图2示出球板磨损测试的测试设置的几何结构。
具体实施方式
术语“包含(comprises)”、“包含(comprising)”、“包括(includes)”、“包括(including)”、“具有(having)”或其任何其他变型旨在覆盖非排他性的包括。例如，包括特征列表的方法、制品或设备不一定仅限于那些特征，而是可以包括未明确列出的或此种方法、制品或设备所固有的其他特征。此外，除非有相反的明确说明，否则“或”是指包含性的或，而不是指排他性的或。例如，条件A或B通过以下中的任一项满足：A为真(或存在)且B为假(或不存在)，A为假(或不存在)且B为真(或存在)，以及A和B两者都为真(或存在)。
此外，使用“一个/种(a/an)”来描述本文所述的要素和组分。这样做只是为了方便并给出本发明范围的一般意义。此描述应当被解读为包括一个/种、至少一个/种或单数形式也包括复数形式，反之亦然，除非很明显其另有所指。例如，当本文中描述单一的实施例时，可以替代单一的实施例使用多于一个实施例。类似地，当本文中描述多于一个实施例时，可以用单一的实施例替代这多于一个实施例。
一种减摩涂层组合物，其包含：
(a)可溶性树脂，
(b)不溶性聚合物，
(c)任选地固体润滑剂，以及
(d)溶剂。
该减摩涂层组合物的可溶性树脂(a)用作稍后描述的减摩涂层的基质聚合物。树脂的实例包括聚酰胺酰亚胺、聚酰亚胺、聚酰胺、环氧树脂、酚醛树脂、聚苯并咪唑、聚苯磺酸酯、聚醚醚酮、聚氨酯、聚钛酸丁酯、聚丙烯酸-醇酸树脂、聚醚酮酮(PEKK)、聚甲醛(POM)、聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBT)、含氟聚合物、以及它们的混合物。在一个实施例中，可溶性树脂(a)包括聚酰胺酰亚胺、(聚酰亚胺)和(聚酰胺)，替代地包括聚酰胺酰亚胺。在一个实施例中，可溶性树脂(a)是聚酰胺酰亚胺，其中该聚酰胺酰亚胺包含从60:40至86:14、替代地60:40至70:30的酰亚胺与酰胺聚合物单元之比的酰胺和酰亚胺聚合物单元。
可溶性树脂在稍后描述的浓度下可溶于液态AFC组合物的溶剂中。可溶性树脂的分子量影响在溶剂中的溶解度。例如，一些较低分子量的聚酰亚胺树脂可以是可溶的，但是相同单体和单体比的较高分子量的变体可能不是可溶的。关于可溶性聚合物，“可溶”意指树脂将溶解在溶剂中从而形成均匀的溶液，并且包括溶解在溶剂中以形成溶液的分子量的树脂材料。
相对于100重量份的减摩涂层配制品组合物的固体含量，减摩涂层配制品组合物中存在的可溶性树脂在10至90重量份的范围内。更优选地，相对于100重量份的减摩涂层配制品组合物的固体含量，树脂含量是20至80重量份，并且甚至更优选30至70重量份。在本说明书中，减摩涂层配制品组合物的固体含量的重量意指AFC配制品组合物的固体含量的总重量(即呈固体形式的可溶性树脂、不溶性树脂、固体润滑剂和额外的成分)。
用于制备可溶性聚合物的方法是本领域已知的。许多可溶性聚合物材料是可商购的。
AFC包括不溶性聚合物。不溶性聚合物不溶于液态AFC组合物中。“不可溶”意指材料将不溶解于液态AFC组合物的溶剂中以形成均匀的液体并且因此必须分散在AFC组合物中。
不溶性聚合物具有足够高的分子量，使得不溶性聚合物不溶于液态AFC组合物中，替代地具有大于20,000道尔顿、替代地大于50,000道尔顿、替代地从50,000至大于70,000道尔顿、替代地从50,000至100,000道尔顿的分子量(Mw)。
不溶性聚合物为聚酰胺酰亚胺、聚酰胺、或聚酰亚胺聚合物，替代地为聚酰胺酰亚胺聚合物，其中酰胺与酰亚胺之比为从0:100至90:10、替代地0:100至50:50、替代地从0:100至10:90，替代地不溶性聚合物为包含少于1％(w/w)、替代地基本不包含酰胺单体单元、替代地不包含酰胺单体单元的聚酰亚胺均聚物。
不溶性聚合物的粒径取决于由液态AFC组合物形成的AFC的所希望的厚度。由液态AFC组合物形成的涂层典型地具有从5至20、替代地从10至15微米的所希望的平均厚度。本领域技术人员将知道如何确定AFC的平均厚度。例如，涂层厚度可以通过使用轮廓测量术或光学方法来测量。不溶性聚合物的平均粒径小于15、替代地从0.1至10、替代地1至6微米。本领域技术人员将知道如何测量不溶性聚合物的平均粒径。在一个实施例中，不溶性聚合物的粒径通过激光散射使用Malvern粒径分析仪Mastersizer 3000确定。
本领域技术人员将知道如何制备不溶性聚合物。制备聚酰胺酰亚胺和聚酰亚胺聚合物的方法是众所周知的。例如，通过将适当的单体(如胺和酸酐化合物)聚合来制备聚酰亚胺，以形成不溶性聚酰亚胺聚合物，或者与其他适当的单体组合，以便还形成不可溶性的聚酰胺酰亚胺聚合物的聚酰胺部分。用作不溶性聚合物的许多聚合物都是可商购的。
相对于100重量份的减摩涂层配制品组合物的固体树脂含量(即可溶性树脂和不溶性聚合物)，液态AFC组合物中不溶性聚合物的量的范围是1至89重量份、优选5至50重量份并且更优选10至30重量份。
固体润滑剂(c)是为由液态AFC组合物制备的AFC提供润滑的固体材料。用于液态AFC组合物的许多固体润滑剂是本领域中已知的。液态AFC组合物中使用的固体润滑剂(c)典型地具有小片状结构，其中这些“片”相对容易相互滑动。这些材料自然地聚集成更大的团聚体，在减摩涂层的制备和混合期间，这些团聚体容易被分解成更小的颗粒。固体润滑剂的平均初级粒径优选地是0.1至10微米，更优选地1至6微米。
固体润滑剂的实例包括但不限于石墨、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、聚乙烯(PE)、金属硫化钼(MxMo(1-x)S2，其中M为钴、钨、钽或镍)及其混合物。在一个实施例中，固体润滑剂(c)为石墨，替代地为上文描述的硫化钴钼。
相对于100重量份的减摩涂层配制品组合物的总固体含量，液态AFC组合物中的固体润滑剂的量的范围是1至89重量份、优选5至50重量份并且更优选10至30重量份。
溶剂(d)将可溶性树脂溶解或增溶，但是不将不溶性聚合物溶解或增溶。因此，所选的溶剂取决于液态AFC组合物中的可溶性树脂和不溶性聚合物。可用溶剂包括但不限于酮，如丙酮、甲基乙基酮、甲基异丁基酮以及环己酮；酯，如乙酸甲酯和乙酸乙酯；芳香族烃，如甲苯和二甲苯；醇，如乙醇、2-丙醇、二丙酮醇(DAA)；有机卤素化合物，如1,1,1-三氯乙烷、三氯乙烯和三氯三氟乙烷；N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(NMP)、N-乙基-2-吡咯烷酮(NEP)、1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑烷酮(DMI)、3-甲氧基-N,N-二甲基丙酰胺、甲基异吡咯烷酮(MIP)、二甲基甲醛(DMF)、二甲基乙醛(DMAC)、γ-丁内酯(GBL)以及它们的混合物。优选的溶剂是DMI、NEP和二甲苯。
本文描述的减摩涂层配制品组合物可以任选地包含额外的成分如UV吸收剂、稳定剂、抗氧化剂、流平剂、消泡剂、增稠剂、颜料、染料或分散剂，只要不损害本发明的目的。当存在时，相对于100重量份的减摩涂层配制品组合物的固体含量，额外的成分的量的范围将优选是0.1至5重量份。
本文描述的减摩涂层配制品组合物可以使用本领域技术人员已知的方法制备，例如使用常规设备以任何合适的顺序混合所描述的成分。例如，溶解树脂并引入不溶性聚合物和固体润滑剂和其他成分(如果存在)。在一个实施例中，将固体润滑剂作为聚合物/石墨复合物加入减摩涂层。额外的的固体润滑剂和/或不溶性聚合物还可以与聚合物/石墨复合材料分开地加入。形成聚合物/石墨复合材料的方法是本领域中已知的。例如，在美国专利号5,886,129中传授了在聚酰亚胺中封装石墨的方法，为了其关于如何在聚酰亚胺中封装石墨的说明而将该专利通过引用并入本文。
一种涂覆零件的方法，该方法包括将液态减摩涂层组合物施加至零件的步骤。
使用本领域中已知的方法将减摩涂层施加至该零件，以便将液态AFC组合物施加至零件。例如，液态AFC组合物可以通过喷涂、浸涂、刷涂或旋涂施加至零件，替代地液态AFC组合物通过喷涂施加至零件。本领域技术人员将知道如何使用喷涂、浸涂或旋涂将液态AFC组合物施加至零件。
在涂覆零件的方法中，液态AFC组合物是上文描述的液态AFC组合物。液态AFC组合物所施加至的零件可以是本领域技术人员将施加减摩涂层组合物的任何零件。零件的实例是滑动构件，该滑动构件选自压缩机的旋转斜盘、发动机挺杆、凸轮轴、曲轴、发动机金属、发动机活塞、发动机紧固件、滑动轴承、活塞环、齿轮、门锁、制动垫片或制动夹。除了金属之外，该零件可以为塑料、木材、弹性体、复合材料等。该零件还可以被称为基材。
在一个实施例中，涂覆零件的方法进一步包括本领域中关于此类方法已知的额外的步骤。例如，该方法可以包括将液态AFC组合物干燥以形成AFC的额外的步骤。干燥可以包括例如风干或加热该零件。如本文中使用的，“干燥”意指从液态AFC组合物中去除溶剂以形成固体AFC膜。加热还可以执行将液态AFC组合物固化以形成AFC的任务。
一种涂覆有AFC的零件，其中该零件通过上文所述的涂覆零件的方法进行涂覆并且AFC如上所述。
一种涂覆有AFC的零件，其中该涂层具有5至50微米的厚度、替代地10至15微米的厚度，并且其中涂覆零件的方法如上所述并且AFC如上所述。
一种使用上文所述的方法用上文所述的AFC涂覆的零件，其中该零件是滑动构件。滑动构件的实例包括但不限于压缩机的旋转斜盘、发动机挺杆、凸轮轴、曲轴、发动机金属、发动机活塞、活塞环、齿轮、门锁、制动垫片或制动夹。
一种由上述减摩涂层组合物形成的经涂覆的膜。通过将上述组合物施加在基材的表面上并且然后将其加热以固化所施加的组合物来形成膜。基材可以是金属、塑料、木材、弹性体、复合材料等。可以通过任何常规方法例如旋涂、刷涂、浸渍和喷涂将涂层施加到表面。涂层厚度由所需的特性和膜的寿命决定，但其典型地是5至20微米、替代地10至15微米。一旦将减摩涂层配制品组合物施加到基材的表面，就将其干燥以蒸发溶剂(如果适用)并且将其固化以形成涂覆膜。固化方法取决于基材的性质和树脂的种类。例如，固化可以在100℃与280℃之间的温度下在烘箱中进行30至90分钟。如本文中使用的，术语“固化”的含义比本领域中此过程中涉及化学反应的狭义定义更为宽泛并且还旨在包含没有或极少发生反应但是涉及物理特性改变(如关于热固材料所发生的)的过程。
液态AFC组合物可以用于涂覆零件、例如用在汽车以及其他工业中的零件，替代地，这些零件是用在汽车以及其他工业中的滑动构件。液态AFC组合物形成了帮助延长引擎、替代地零件、替代地滑动构件以及摩擦可能导致零件失效的其他零件的寿命的AFC。
实例
给出以下实例来更好地说明本发明的方法，但它们不应被认为限制在所附权利要求中描述的本发明。除非另有说明，否则实例中报道的所有份数和百分比都是按重量计。下表描述了实例中使用的缩写：
表2.在实例中使用的缩写列表。
背景：测试方法。
球板磨损测试：
球板磨损测试按照ASTM G-133进行。参考图2，将1/2”直径的钢球(11)与减摩涂层(21)接触，已经将涂层施加到钢(或其他材料)试样上，使用10N的力。当试验样品以4mm的行程长度来回往复时，整个试验中维持该负载，持续总共10,000次(或5000次循环)。来自ASTMG-133的试验装置(1)的几何结构在图2中示出作为参考。
测试之后，对磨痕的深度进行评估，并且作为平均磨痕深度/膜深度来报告磨痕百分比。对于整个5000次循环测试或对于此测试的子集(例如前1000个或2000个循环)还报告了平均摩擦系数。
环块测试
所使用的第二个摩擦学测试是LFW-1，或者环块测试(ASTM-D 2714)。(参见图1。)这是在相对较高的载荷(2,860N)下在72rpm下进行的干式测试，其中使上块在施加的载荷下与经涂覆的环进行接触，并且环在块下方旋转，使得磨损表面是环的外部区域(具有上块的宽度)。这个测试在前10分钟内提高载荷并且维持最大2,860N直至涂层失效并且摩擦系数显著增大。此测试的基本几何结构在图1中示出。由于运行LFW-1直至涂层失效，因此通过在最大载荷下直至失效(即由CoF的显著增大为标志)为止的循环数来报告性能。
实例中使用的材料
Hitachi HPC-9300D：购自日立化学有限公司(Hitachi Chemical Company Ltd.)的商业聚酰胺酰亚胺树脂(PAI树脂)。在DMI(1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啉酮)溶剂中以20％不挥发含量供应。
Hitachi HPC-5000E-37：商业聚酰胺酰亚胺树脂。在NEP(N-乙基-2-吡咯烷酮)溶剂中以36％不挥发含量供应。
SCP5000树脂：聚酰亚胺树脂(不溶性聚合物)；由杜邦公司以供应，拉伸PSI 24230，伸长率7％。
石墨CSSP：购自日本石墨工业公司(Nippon Graphite Industries)的石墨，具有约1微米的平均粒径。
石墨UF-2：购自AMG石墨公司(AMG Graphite)的石墨，具有1.8微米的平均粒径。
MoS2：购自克莱麦克斯钼业(Climax Molybdenum)。技术精细级，具有6微米的中值粒径。技术级具有约30微米的中值粒径。
Cefral Lube：购自中央玻璃有限公司(Central Glass Co.,Ltd.)的四氟乙烯寡聚物。分子量为从1,500至20,000道尔顿。
标准减摩涂层组合物和AFC。
实例1-制备液态AFC组合物的方法和由液态AFC组合物制备AFC
通过向可溶性聚合物树脂的溶液加入固体润滑剂和不溶性聚合物组分来制备下表中的减摩涂层组合物(实例2和4)。然后在Gyromixer中用约2mm的钢介质将这种混合物研磨10-20分钟并且过滤以去除介质。然后将最终配制品稀释至适当的粘度，并且将膜喷到测试零件上。在喷膜之后，将零件在80℃加热10分钟，然后在180-230℃加热一小时，以获得约15微米的目标膜厚度。
实例2-5
下表中展示了两种液态AFC组合物(实例2和实例4)以及由液态AFC组合物形成的经干燥的膜的组成。如在具体实例部分中说明地改变各种材料的量。按重量百分比加入可溶性树脂和不溶性聚合物，使得经干燥的膜中可溶性树脂和不溶性聚合物的总量(即，加和)保持不变，并且颜料(即，固体润滑剂)与粘合剂(可溶性树脂和不溶性聚合物)之比保持不变，从而可以直接比较样品的性能特性。
实例2和4代表液态AFC组合物，并且实例3和5代表分别由实例1和3的液态AFC组合物形成的膜中每种材料的固体重量百分比。
对比实例1-2
实例6-干燥的AFC组合物的性能
测试了由具有或没有石墨(固体润滑剂)且保持可溶性树脂和不溶性聚合物加和不变的包含可溶性聚合物和不溶性聚合物的液态减摩涂层组合物形成的膜以及对照配制品(即，不包含不溶性聚合物)的摩擦系数。在下图中，对于实例2的配方变化，作为标准球板磨损测试(如上所述)的测试时间的函数示出了对于不同涂层的摩擦系数。这些变化标记在图和表中。在测试中包括不具有不溶性聚合物(即，100％可溶性聚合物作为粘合剂)的对比实例(标记为“对照”并且用黑实线绘制)。用灰线绘制的配制品具有高聚酰亚胺固体负载(即，干膜中30％(w/w)的总粘合剂)并且在测试过程中产生改进的摩擦系数并且显示了所希望的平台。由点和虚线代表的样品在摩擦系数方面甚至更进一步改进并且是通过加入聚酰亚胺作为混合聚酰亚胺-石墨组合物的一部分而同时保持总石墨用量不变而制备的。也就是说，与混合的聚酰亚胺-石墨组合物分开地组合的任何额外的石墨减少了与聚酰亚胺一起加入的石墨的量，从而保持一致的颜料:粘合剂之比。这些实例表明加入不溶性聚合物降低了摩擦系数。
在球板磨损测试的各个阶段测量摩擦系数(CoF)。下表示出上图中基于实例2配方的相同样品，并且将测试开始时、1000个、2000个和5000个循环(测试结束时)的CoF值进行比较。
结果显示具有不溶性PI聚合物的样品在5000个循环之后维持了较低的CoF。添加了不溶性PI聚合物/石墨的样品在测试期间的所有点都具有较低的CoF。
在球板测试中对组合物进行评估，其中继续测试直至膜失效或者直至摩擦系数迅速增大，这是当膜被磨穿并且暴露出裸基材时的典型情况。在这个测试中，加入10重量％和30重量％的不溶性PI聚合物(SCP5000)作为配制品中的固体的样品比对照组持续得明显更久。测试在与上文所述相同的载荷和速度条件下进行并且将失效记录为CoF增大到高于0.5的值的点。结果在下表中。结果显示不溶性聚合物(PI聚合物)和石墨的组合的失效时间增加。除了测试样品添加了不溶性PI聚合物之外，样品与对照组相同。在最后两个测试样品中，将不溶性PI聚合物加入到配制品中作为PI聚合物/石墨共混物。球板测试参数为10牛顿(N)载荷、1/2英寸的球、4mm冲程、2Hz并且没有润滑。
实例7-8
用不溶性PI聚合物和PI/石墨或PI/MoS2固体制备基于实例4和实例5配制品的第二减摩涂层配制品并且在(上文所述的)环块测试中将其与上文的对比实例2进行比较。如在下表中可以看到的，具有额外固体的样品持续的循环数几乎全都显著优于对照。具体地，具有PI/石墨和PI/MoS2固体的配制品产生了最为突出的循环增加。

Claims (12)

1.一种减摩涂层配制品组合物，其包含：
(e)可溶性树脂以及
(f)不溶性聚合物，
(g)任选地固体润滑剂，以及
(h)溶剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的减摩涂层配制品组合物，其中，所述不溶性聚合物为聚酰胺酰亚胺、聚酰胺、或聚酰亚胺聚合物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的减摩涂层配制品组合物，其中，所述不溶性聚合物为聚酰亚胺聚合物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的减摩涂层配制品组合物，其中，所述减摩涂层涂层组合物包含所述固体润滑剂，并且所述固体润滑剂包含石墨、聚四氟乙烯、聚乙烯、或包含钼和钴的金属硫化物中的一种或多种。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的减摩涂层配制品组合物，其中，所述可溶性树脂选自聚酰胺酰亚胺、聚酰亚胺、聚酰胺、环氧树脂、酚醛树脂、聚苯并咪唑、聚苯磺酸酯、聚醚醚酮、聚氨酯、聚钛酸丁酯、聚丙烯-醇酸树脂、聚醚酮酮、聚甲醛、聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯、或含氟聚合物。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的减摩涂层配制品组合物，其中，所述可溶性树脂为聚酰胺酰亚胺，其中酰胺与酰亚胺之比为从100:0至10:90。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的减摩涂层配制品组合物，其中，所述减摩涂层配制品组合物包含基于所述减摩涂层配制品组合物中所述可溶性树脂和不溶性聚合物的重量从10至30％(w/w)的所述可溶性树脂以及基于所述减摩涂层配制品组合物中的可溶性树脂和不溶性聚合物的重量5至90％(w/w)的所述不溶性树脂。
8.一种形成具有减摩涂层的零件的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：将权利要求1所述的减摩涂层施加于所述零件。
9.一种零件，其包括：由根据权利要求1所述的减摩涂层配制品形成的减摩涂层。
10.根据权利要求9或10中任一项所述的零件，其中，所述涂层具有5至50微米的厚度。
11.根据权利要求8-10中任一项所述的零件，其中，所述零件为滑动构件。
12.根据权利要求11所述的零件，其中，所述滑动构件是压缩机的旋转斜盘、发动机挺杆、凸轮轴、曲轴、发动机金属、发动机活塞、活塞环、齿轮、门锁、制动垫片或制动夹。
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