CN117040392A - Photovoltaic power generation device and control method - Google Patents

Photovoltaic power generation device and control method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117040392A
CN117040392A CN202310799550.3A CN202310799550A CN117040392A CN 117040392 A CN117040392 A CN 117040392A CN 202310799550 A CN202310799550 A CN 202310799550A CN 117040392 A CN117040392 A CN 117040392A
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angle
photovoltaic
power generation
coordinates
rotating piece
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CN202310799550.3A
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陶庆
张世刚
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Guoneng Longyuan Lantian Energy Saving Technology Co ltd
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Guoneng Longyuan Lantian Energy Saving Technology Co ltd
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Priority to CN202310799550.3A priority Critical patent/CN117040392A/en
Publication of CN117040392A publication Critical patent/CN117040392A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
    • H02S20/30—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment
    • H02S20/32—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment specially adapted for solar tracking
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
    • F24S30/40—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement
    • F24S30/42—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement with only one rotation axis
    • F24S30/422—Vertical axis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D3/00—Control of position or direction
    • G05D3/12—Control of position or direction using feedback
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/66—Regulating electric power
    • G05F1/67—Regulating electric power to the maximum power available from a generator, e.g. from solar cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/30—Electrical components
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, in particular to a photovoltaic power generation device and a control method. Wherein, the device includes photoelectric sensor, photovoltaic board and photovoltaic support, and the photovoltaic support includes: a support rod; the first rotating piece is connected with the top of the supporting rod and is used for driving the photovoltaic panel to rotate around the axial direction of the supporting rod; the second rotating piece is connected with the first rotating piece and is used for driving the photovoltaic panel to rotate around the radial direction of the supporting rod; the photoelectric sensor includes: a base; the photodiodes are arranged on the base according to a preset fixed interval; the light shield is connected with the base and arranged above the plurality of photodiodes; the center of the top of the light shield is provided with an illumination hole with a preset diameter length; the plane of the base is always consistent with the sunward surface of the photovoltaic panel; the first rotating member and the second rotating member are responsive to a photosensitive signal fed back by the photosensor. The device and the method provided by the application can improve the photovoltaic power generation efficiency.

Description

Photovoltaic power generation device and control method
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, in particular to a photovoltaic power generation device and a control method.
Background
With the rapid development of the photovoltaic industry, the improvement of the photovoltaic power generation amount is always the focus of research. The included angle between the light receiving surface of the photovoltaic module and the incidence of sunlight is an important factor influencing the generated energy. In the prior art, a photovoltaic bracket is generally adjusted to move by adopting a photoelectric detection method, so that the photovoltaic module is vertical to the incident angle of sunlight, but the photoelectric sensor cannot detect the position of the sun in overcast and rainy days, at this time, the photovoltaic bracket can drive the photovoltaic panel to return to an initial angle (the angle of optimal power generation capacity of the photovoltaic panel/module under the condition of a fixed bracket), and the weather is generally changeable, so that the tracking bracket can rotate back and forth (track the sun in sunny days and return to the initial angle in overcast and rainy days) during the overcast and rainy days, and the system energy consumption can be increased in the process, and the power generation efficiency is influenced.
In addition, in the prior art, a manner of judging the sun azimuth through photosensitive signals fed back by a single photosensitive element or a plurality of photosensitive elements arranged around the photovoltaic panel is inaccurate, so that the photovoltaic panel cannot be perpendicular to sunlight easily, and the power generation efficiency is affected.
Disclosure of Invention
A first object of an embodiment of the present application is to provide a photovoltaic power generation device to improve power generation efficiency; a second object is to provide a control method to improve the power generation efficiency and reduce the power consumption of the photovoltaic power generation device.
In order to achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present application provides a photovoltaic power generation apparatus including a photovoltaic panel and a photovoltaic bracket for supporting the photovoltaic panel, the photovoltaic bracket including: a support rod; the first rotating piece is connected with the top of the supporting rod and is used for driving the photovoltaic panel to rotate around the axial direction of the supporting rod; the second rotating piece is connected with the first rotating piece and is used for driving the photovoltaic panel to rotate around the radial direction of the supporting rod; the photovoltaic power generation device further includes a photoelectric sensor, the photoelectric sensor includes: a base; the plurality of photodiodes are arranged on the base according to a preset fixed interval between two adjacent photodiodes; the light shield is connected with the base and arranged above the plurality of photodiodes; the center of the top of the light shield is provided with an illumination hole with a preset diameter length; the plane of the base is always consistent with the sunward surface of the photovoltaic panel; the first rotating member and the second rotating member are responsive to photosensitive signals fed back by the photosensor.
Based on the first aspect, in some embodiments of the application, the photovoltaic power generation device further includes: the first inclination sensor is used for detecting the rotation angle of the first rotating piece; and the second inclination sensor is used for detecting the rotation angle of the second rotating piece.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a control method, which is applicable to the above photovoltaic power generation device, and the method includes: determining a control time period; acquiring weather information, wherein the weather information comprises a first weather state and a second weather state; in the control time period, when the acquired weather information belongs to a first weather state, a first control strategy is adopted; and in the control time period, when the acquired weather information belongs to a second weather state, adopting a second control strategy.
Based on the second aspect, in some embodiments of the application, the first weather state is a clear state, and the first control strategy includes: establishing a rectangular coordinate system on a plane where a plurality of photodiodes are located; determining the coordinate of a specific photodiode as an origin coordinate, wherein the specific photodiode represents the photodiode irradiated when sunlight vertically irradiates into an illumination hole; taking the coordinates of the currently irradiated photodiode as real-time coordinates; judging whether the real-time coordinates are consistent with the original point coordinates or not; and if the real-time coordinates are inconsistent, the first rotating piece is controlled to rotate based on the first numerical axis coordinates of the real-time coordinates, and the second rotating piece is controlled to rotate based on the second numerical axis coordinates of the real-time coordinates until the real-time coordinates are consistent with the original point coordinates.
Based on the second aspect, in some embodiments of the application, the second weather state is a overcast and rainy state, and the second control strategy includes: acquiring longitude and latitude and current time information of the position of the photovoltaic power generation device; calculating a solar altitude and a solar azimuth based on the longitude and latitude and the current time information; calculating a second theoretical angle of the second rotating member based on the solar altitude; calculating a first theoretical angle of the first rotating member based on the solar azimuth angle; acquiring a first actual angle of the first rotating member by using a first inclination sensor; acquiring a second actual angle of the second rotating member by using a second inclination sensor; judging whether the first actual angle is consistent with the first theoretical angle, if not, controlling the first rotating piece to rotate until the first actual angle is consistent with the first theoretical angle; and judging whether the second actual angle is consistent with the second theoretical angle, if not, controlling the second rotating piece to rotate until the second actual angle is consistent with the second theoretical angle.
Based on the second aspect, in some embodiments of the present application, the calculating the solar altitude and the solar azimuth based on the longitude and latitude and the current time information includes: the calculation formula of the solar altitude angle theta is as follows:
sinθ＝sinφsinδ+cosφcosδcosω (1)
in the formula (1), phi is the latitude of the installation site of the photovoltaic tracking device, delta is the declination angle, and omega is the solar hour angle;
the calculation formula of the solar altitude angle gamma is as follows:
based on the second aspect, in some embodiments of the application, the first theoretical angle α 1 The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
α 1 ＝γ-90° (3)。
based on the second aspect, in some embodiments of the application, the second theoretical angle α 2 The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
α 2 ＝90°-θ (4)。
based on the second aspect, in some embodiments of the application, the control method further includes: the first rotating member and the second rotating member maintain initial rotation angles, respectively, when in the non-control period.
Based on the second aspect, in some embodiments of the application, the control period belongs to a period from sunrise to sunset.
The application has at least the following beneficial effects:
1) The application designs a photoelectric sensor, which is characterized in that photodiodes are arranged on a base according to a matrix, a coordinate system is constructed, the positions of the photodiodes are represented in the form of coordinates, a small hole is formed in the center of the top of a light shield, sunlight is incident on the photodiodes of the base along the illumination hole according to the principle that the light propagates along a straight line, the irradiated photodiodes generate electric signals, the position of the sun can be accurately positioned by acquiring the position coordinates of the photodiodes generating the electric signals, a necessary premise is created for adjusting the perpendicularity of a photovoltaic panel and the sunlight, and the power generation efficiency of a photovoltaic power generation device is improved;
2) According to the control method provided by the application, a mode of combining a photoelectric detection tracking method and a sun tracking method is adopted, so that the accurate tracking of the sun can be realized in changeable weather environments, the solar energy can be timely absorbed under the weather condition of cloudy-sunny, the conversion efficiency is ensured to the greatest extent, the sun can be accurately tracked in overcast and rainy weather, full preparation is made for timely absorbing the solar energy, and the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic power generation device is improved.
Additional features and advantages of embodiments of the application will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of embodiments of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain, without limitation, the embodiments of the application. In the drawings:
fig. 1 schematically shows a structural schematic diagram of a photovoltaic power generation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a side view of a photosensor according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 schematically illustrates a top view of a photosensor according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 schematically shows a flow chart of a control method according to an embodiment of the application.
Description of the reference numerals
1-a photovoltaic panel; 2-a photovoltaic support; 3-a photosensor; 31-a base; 32-a photodiode; 33-a light shield; 331-illumination wells.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it should be understood that the detailed description described herein is merely for illustrating and explaining the embodiments of the present application, and is not intended to limit the embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
It should be noted that, if directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, rear, etc.) are involved in the embodiment of the present application, the directional indications are merely used to explain the relative positional relationship, movement conditions, etc. between the components in a specific posture (as shown in the drawings), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indications are correspondingly changed.
In addition, if there is a description of "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present application, the description of "first", "second", etc. is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, the technical solutions of the embodiments may be combined with each other, but it is necessary to base that the technical solutions can be realized by those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, the combination of the technical solutions should be considered to be absent and not within the scope of protection claimed in the present application.
Example 1
The present embodiment provides a photovoltaic power generation device, as shown in fig. 1, including a photovoltaic panel 1 and a photovoltaic bracket 2 for supporting the photovoltaic panel 1, the photovoltaic bracket 2 includes:
a support rod;
the first rotating piece is connected with the top of the supporting rod and is used for driving the photovoltaic panel 1 to rotate around the axial direction of the supporting rod (namely, rotate on a certain horizontal plane) and is used for adjusting the azimuth angle of the photovoltaic panel 1.
And the second rotating piece is connected with the first rotating piece and is used for driving the photovoltaic panel 1 to rotate around the radial direction of the supporting rod (namely, rotate on a certain vertical plane) and adjusting the pitch angle of the photovoltaic panel 1.
The photovoltaic power generation device further includes a photoelectric sensor 3, as shown in fig. 2, the photoelectric sensor 3 includes:
a base 31;
the photodiodes 32 are arranged on the base 31 according to a preset fixed interval between two adjacent photodiodes 32;
a light shield 33 connected with the base 31 and arranged above the photodiodes 32; the center of the top of the light shield 33 is provided with a light hole 331 with a preset diameter length;
in order to accurately reflect the positional relationship between the photovoltaic panel 1 and the sun, the plane of the base 31 is required to be consistent with the sunny side of the photovoltaic panel 1 at any time, and preferably, as shown in fig. 1, the photoelectric sensor 3 is disposed in the middle of the photovoltaic panel 1 (or between two adjacent photovoltaic panels 1) and rotates together with the photovoltaic panel 1.
The first and second rotating members are responsive to a photosensitive signal fed back by the photosensor 3. On the hardware connection: the first rotating piece, the second rotating piece and the photoelectric sensor 3 are respectively connected with the controller; program control: the controller acquires a photosensitive signal fed back by the photoelectric sensor 3, and judges whether to issue a control instruction to (the rotating motor of) the first rotating member and/or (the rotating motor of) the second rotating member based on the photosensitive signal to control rotation.
It should be noted that the distance between two adjacent photodiodes 32 is not too close, so as to avoid inaccurate positioning of the sun caused by the fact that light entering from the illumination hole 331 irradiates more than one photodiode 32 at the same time; meanwhile, the distance between two adjacent photodiodes 32 is not too far, so that light rays emitted from the illumination hole 331 are prevented from being irradiated between the two photodiodes 32, and the sun cannot be positioned without the photodiodes 32 being irradiated (without sending out an electric signal).
Further, the photovoltaic power generation device further includes:
the first inclination sensor is used for detecting the rotation angle of the first rotating piece, namely the azimuth angle of the photovoltaic panel 1;
and the second inclination sensor is used for detecting the rotation angle of the second rotating piece, namely the pitch angle of the photovoltaic panel 1.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a control method, which includes:
s1, determining a control time period;
specifically, a period of time during which the incident angle of sunlight (with the ground plane as the incident surface) is greater than a preset value (for example, 15 °) may be selected from sunrise to sunset. When the sun just rises or is about to fall, the incident angle of the sun is smaller, shadow shielding problems are easy to occur to the photovoltaic panel 1/assembly, and high power generation cannot be generated at the moment, so that the sun just rises or is about to fall, and the control time period can not be counted. In the non-control time period, the first rotating member and the second rotating member can respectively maintain the initial rotation angles. The initial rotation angle of the first rotating member can be set to 90 degrees according to the specific position of the photovoltaic power generation device, for example, for a certain region, the initial rotation angle of the first rotating member (east-west azimuth angle is 0 degrees in the forward direction and clockwise direction), the initial rotation angle of the second rotating member (north-south pitch angle is 0 degrees in the forward direction and clockwise direction) is set to 30 degrees, and therefore the optimal power generation capability is ensured after the tracking equipment is damaged.
S2, acquiring weather information, wherein the weather information comprises a first weather state and a second weather state;
specifically, the weather information includes a clear state and a cloudy state.
S3, in a control time period, when the acquired weather information belongs to a first weather state, adopting a first control strategy;
when the first weather state is a clear state, the photoelectric sensor 3 in embodiment 1 is used for determining the position of the sun, and the orientation of the photovoltaic panel 1 is adjusted to be perpendicular to the sunlight according to the sun position information fed back by the photoelectric sensor 3, which is specifically described as follows:
a1, establishing a rectangular coordinate system on a plane where a plurality of photodiodes 32 are located;
a2, determining the coordinate of a specific photodiode 32 as an origin coordinate, wherein the specific photodiode 32 represents the photodiode 32 irradiated when sunlight vertically irradiates into the illumination hole 331;
a3, taking the coordinates of the currently irradiated photodiode 32 as real-time coordinates;
a4, judging whether the real-time coordinates are consistent with the original point coordinates;
and A5, if the real-time coordinates are inconsistent, controlling the first rotating piece to rotate based on the first numerical axis coordinates of the real-time coordinates, and controlling the second rotating piece to rotate based on the second numerical axis coordinates of the real-time coordinates until the real-time coordinates are consistent with the original point coordinates.
Referring to fig. 3, for example, at 9 points, the coordinates of the photodiode 32 irradiated by the incident sunlight are (-3, -2) (the abscissa represents the horizontal direction, and the ordinate represents the vertical direction), and the corresponding electrical signal sent by the photodiode 32 is transmitted to the controller, and the controller adjusts the azimuth angle of the photovoltaic panel 1 according to the abscissa, and the ordinate adjusts the pitch angle of the photovoltaic panel 1. The controller drives the first rotating member to rotate reversely (motor to rotate reversely when the coordinates are negative, coordinate to rotate positively), and the second rotating member to rotate reversely, and the drive shaft stops moving when the incident solar light strikes the photodiode 32 of the coordinates (0, 0).
The base 31 of the photoelectric sensor 3 may be circular, and the corresponding light shielding cover 33 is hemispherical (as shown in fig. 2), which is a preferred structure. In addition, the base 31 of the photosensor 3 may be cylindrical with a circular corresponding light shield 33, or the base 31 of the photosensor 3 may be square with a square corresponding light shield 33, but the illumination hole 331 must be formed in a central position to ensure that all the photodiodes 32 have an opportunity to be illuminated.
And S4, in the control time period, when the acquired weather information belongs to a second weather state, adopting a second control strategy.
When the second weather state is a overcast and rainy state, the fact that the photoelectric sensor 3 cannot determine the position of the sun any more means that a sun-viewing tracking method is adopted at the moment, a tracking angle is determined according to longitude and latitude and time information, then whether the tracking angle is consistent is determined according to comparison between the actual angle fed back by the inclination angle sensor and the calculated tracking angle, if so, the fact that incident light is perpendicular to the photovoltaic panel 1 is indicated, and the conversion efficiency of the assembly is highest. The method comprises the following specific steps:
b1, acquiring longitude and latitude and current time information of a position of a photovoltaic power generation device;
b2, calculating a solar altitude angle and a solar azimuth angle based on longitude and latitude and current time information;
b3, calculating a second theoretical angle of the second rotating member based on the solar altitude;
b4, calculating a first theoretical angle of the first rotating member based on the solar azimuth angle;
b5, acquiring a first actual angle of the first rotating member by using a first inclination angle sensor;
b6, acquiring a second actual angle of the second rotating member by using a second inclination sensor;
b7, judging whether the first actual angle is consistent with the first theoretical angle, if not, controlling the first rotating piece to rotate until the first actual angle is consistent with the first theoretical angle;
and B8, judging whether the second actual angle is consistent with the second theoretical angle, and if not, controlling the second rotating piece to rotate until the second actual angle is consistent with the second theoretical angle.
Specifically, the calculation formula of the solar altitude angle θ is as follows:
sinθ＝sinφsinδ+cosφcosδcosω (1)
in the formula (1), phi is the latitude of the installation site of the photovoltaic tracking device, delta is the declination angle, and omega is the solar hour angle;
the calculation formula of the solar altitude angle gamma is as follows:
in the formula (1), the declination angle delta is calculated as follows:
in the formula (1-1), n is the nth day within one year.
In the formula (1), the sun time angle omega can pass through the true sun time H r Calculated by transformation, specifically, true solar time H r The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in the formula (1-2): h r True solar time for the installation site of the photovoltaic tracking device; h st For standard time of installation site, L Io Longitude values for the installation site; l (L) st For the longitude of the local standard time zone, the Beijing time zone belongs to the east-eighth zone and is 120 degrees, wherein the value of the 'plus/minus' number is taken as a positive sign according to an east hemisphere, and the Western hemisphere is taken as a negative sign; e represents the time difference, specifically:
E＝9.87 sin 2B-7.53 cos B-1.5sinB (1-3)
in the formula (1-3): b=360 (n-81)/364.
True solar time H r The conversion formula with the solar time angle omega is as follows:
ω＝(H r -12)×15° (1-4)
further, after the solar altitude θ and the solar azimuth γ are calculated, the first theoretical angle α can be calculated by the following formula 1 (east-west angle) and a second theoretical angle alpha 2 (north-south angle):
α 1 ＝γ-90° (3)
α 2 ＝90°-θ (4)
the initial value of 90 ° in formula (3) indicates that the sun azimuth is 90 °; the 90 ° in the formula (4) is the solar altitude (north-south angle) at which the solar radiation intensity is maximum.
And then comparing the actual angle fed back by the inclination angle sensors (the first inclination angle sensor and the second inclination angle sensor) with the calculated theoretical angle, determining whether the actual angle is equal to the calculated theoretical angle, if so, indicating that the incident light is perpendicular to the photovoltaic panel, so that the conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic panel/component reaches the highest, and if not, adjusting the actual angle to the theoretical angle, so that the conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic panel/component reaches the highest.
The overall operation flow of the above steps S2 and S3 can be shown with reference to fig. 4.
In addition, for the explanation of proper nouns herein:
photoelectric tracking method: the incident angle of sunlight is detected by a special photoelectric device, and after photoelectric conversion treatment, the execution equipment is controlled to enable the photovoltaic module to be vertical to the incident light of the sun all the time.
Day tracking: the method mainly comprises the steps of obtaining geographical position (longitude and latitude) and time information of a photovoltaic module, calculating an incident altitude angle and an incident azimuth angle of sunlight by using astronomical principles, and controlling the photovoltaic module to be vertical to the sunlight all the time so as to achieve maximum light energy tracking.
Declination angle: is the angle between the equatorial plane of the earth and the line connecting the sun and the earth's center.
True solar time: the real sun time and the real position (shadow) of the sun are taken as a timing system in a timing mode, and the timing system is the most fundamental definition of astronomy on time.
Solar time angle: taking the earth as an example, on the earth, the time angle corresponding to the sun is the same for people with the same longitude and different latitudes at the same moment. The rotation angle of the earth per unit time is defined as a time angle ω, and the noon time angle is defined as 0, the noon time angle is negative, and the afternoon time angle is positive. The earth rotates 360 degrees a circle, the corresponding time is 24 hours, namely, the corresponding time angle is 15 degrees per hour.
Solar altitude: refers to the angle between the incident direction of sunlight and the ground plane at a certain place on the earth.
Solar azimuth angle: is the azimuth angle of the sun, which is generally defined as the angle measured clockwise along the horizon from north.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article or apparatus that comprises an element.
The foregoing is merely exemplary of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and variations of the present application will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. which come within the spirit and principles of the application are to be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims (10)

1. A photovoltaic power generation device comprising a photovoltaic panel and a photovoltaic bracket for supporting the photovoltaic panel, the photovoltaic bracket comprising:
a support rod;
the first rotating piece is connected with the top of the supporting rod and is used for driving the photovoltaic panel to rotate around the axial direction of the supporting rod;
the second rotating piece is connected with the first rotating piece and is used for driving the photovoltaic panel to rotate around the radial direction of the supporting rod;
the photovoltaic power generation device further includes a photoelectric sensor, the photoelectric sensor includes:
a base;
the photodiodes are arranged on the base according to a preset fixed interval;
the light shield is connected with the base and arranged above the plurality of photodiodes; the center of the top of the light shield is provided with an illumination hole with a preset diameter length;
the plane of the base is always consistent with the sunward surface of the photovoltaic panel;
the first rotating member and the second rotating member respond to photosensitive signals fed back by the photoelectric sensor.
2. The photovoltaic power generation device of claim 1, further comprising:
the first inclination sensor is used for detecting the rotation angle of the first rotating piece;
and the second inclination sensor is used for detecting the rotation angle of the second rotating piece.
3. A control method, which is applicable to the photovoltaic power generation apparatus of claim 2, comprising:
determining a control time period;
acquiring weather information, wherein the weather information comprises a first weather state and a second weather state;
in the control time period, when the acquired weather information belongs to a first weather state, a first control strategy is adopted for the photovoltaic power generation device;
and in the control time period, when the acquired weather information belongs to a second weather state, adopting a second control strategy aiming at the photovoltaic power generation device.
4. A control method according to claim 3, wherein the first weather condition is a sunny condition, the first control strategy comprising:
establishing a rectangular coordinate system on a plane where a plurality of photodiodes are located;
determining the coordinate of a specific photodiode as an origin coordinate, wherein the specific photodiode is irradiated when sunlight vertically irradiates into an illumination hole;
taking the coordinates of the currently irradiated photodiode as real-time coordinates;
judging whether the real-time coordinates are consistent with the original point coordinates or not;
and if the real-time coordinates are inconsistent, the first rotating piece is controlled to rotate based on the first numerical axis coordinates of the real-time coordinates, and the second rotating piece is controlled to rotate based on the second numerical axis coordinates of the real-time coordinates until the real-time coordinates are consistent with the original point coordinates.
5. The control method of claim 3, wherein the second weather condition is a overcast and rainy condition, the second control strategy comprising:
acquiring longitude and latitude and current time information of the position of the photovoltaic power generation device;
calculating a solar altitude and a solar azimuth based on the longitude and latitude and the current time information;
calculating a second theoretical angle of the second rotating member based on the solar altitude;
calculating a first theoretical angle of the first rotating member based on the solar azimuth angle;
acquiring a first actual angle of the first rotating member by using a first inclination sensor;
acquiring a second actual angle of the second rotating member by using a second inclination sensor;
judging whether the first actual angle is consistent with the first theoretical angle, if not, controlling the first rotating piece to rotate until the first actual angle is consistent with the first theoretical angle;
and judging whether the second actual angle is consistent with the second theoretical angle, if not, controlling the second rotating piece to rotate until the second actual angle is consistent with the second theoretical angle.
6. The control method according to claim 5, wherein calculating the solar altitude and the solar azimuth based on the latitude and longitude and the current time information includes:
the calculation formula of the solar altitude angle theta is as follows:
sinθ＝sinφsinδ+cosφcosδcosω (1)
in the formula (1), phi is the latitude of the installation site of the photovoltaic tracking device, delta is the declination angle, and omega is the solar hour angle;
the calculation formula of the solar altitude angle gamma is as follows:
7. the control method according to claim 6, characterized in that the first theoretical angle α 1 The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
α 1 ＝γ-90° (3)。
8. the control method according to claim 6, characterized in that the second theoretical angle α 2 The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
α 2 ＝90°-θ (4)。
9. a control method according to claim 3, characterized in that the control method further comprises:
the first rotating member and the second rotating member maintain initial rotation angles, respectively, when in the non-control period.
10. A control method according to claim 3, characterized in that the control period belongs to a period from sunrise to sunset.
CN202310799550.3A 2023-06-30 2023-06-30 Photovoltaic power generation device and control method Pending CN117040392A (en)

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