CN117034072A - Intelligent measurement method for building waste components - Google Patents
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01G19/00—Weighing apparatus or methods adapted for special purposes not provided for in the preceding groups
- G01G19/08—Weighing apparatus or methods adapted for special purposes not provided for in the preceding groups for incorporation in vehicles
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Abstract
The application provides an intelligent measurement method for components of construction waste, and relates to the field of construction waste treatment; the method comprises the following steps: s10, obtaining the weight W of the construction waste Waste of And a stacking volume V Waste of The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the S20, dividing the construction waste into two categories of inert waste and non-inert waste, wherein the component proportion is P Inert material And P Non-inert The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the S30, establishing a general linear equation; the beneficial effects of the application are as follows: can rapidly, accurately and inexpensively identify the building rubbish mixture meeting the classification standard, and eliminate the low-classification recycling valueThereby saving time cost and mechanical cost and improving the treatment efficiency of the construction waste.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of construction waste treatment, in particular to an intelligent measurement method for components of construction waste.
Background
Building waste, also known as construction waste, refers to building material that is discarded during construction, finishing, reconstruction, demolition, and other engineering activities. Construction waste generally accounts for 25% of the amount of municipal solid waste produced (by weight). From previous research results, only in 2014, about 5.34 million tons of construction waste were produced in the united states, while about 1130 ten thousand tons of construction waste were produced in china. Many construction waste components have a much lower environmental impact than household and chemical waste, but their enormous production amplifies their negative environmental impact. Therefore, construction waste management is an important social and environmental issue for most countries and regions in the world.
For environmental protection and resource utilization, many cities have taken "3R" (i.e., reduced, recycled) construction waste management measures. What treatment is performed for a given stack of construction waste is largely dependent on its constituent components. Taking hong Kong as an example, construction waste which is completely composed of inert components (i.e., chemically stable components such as concrete, brick, sand, cement, asphalt, etc.) can be directly transferred to a common filler area, and then the waste can be reused for sea filling, foundation pit backfilling, sand making, etc.; for construction waste containing more than 50% (by weight) inert components, it can be transported to a public sorting station for waste sorting and then reclassifying; for the construction waste with inert components lower than 50%, the construction waste is directly sent to a landfill site for landfill.
However, it is a difficult task to ascertain the composition of a pile of construction waste, as it is typically formed from a random mix of multiple waste construction materials. The traditional manual classification and then weighing calculation method can acquire accurate component data, but is very time-consuming and labor-consuming, and the method has obviously insufficient applicability to a large amount of construction waste. In recent years, some researchers have proposed using new technical means (such as image recognition, X-ray scanning) to analyze the components of the construction waste, but these means can only analyze the types of components of the construction waste (i.e., ascertain what materials are contained) and cannot measure the amount of each component separately. Therefore, a new method and apparatus are needed to achieve rapid, accurate, and low cost measurement of construction waste components and the amount of each component, thereby facilitating the resource management of construction waste.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the application provides the intelligent measurement method for the components of the construction waste, which can rapidly and accurately estimate the components of the inert waste and the non-inert waste in the construction waste, and improves the treatment efficiency of the construction waste.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: in a method for intelligently measuring the composition of construction waste, the improvement comprising the steps of:
s10, obtaining the weight W of the construction waste Waste of And a stacking volume V Waste of ；
S20, dividing the construction waste into two categories of inert waste and non-inert waste, wherein the component proportion is P Inert material And P Non-inert ；
S30, establishing a general linear equation, and calculating the component proportion of the construction waste according to the following formula:
wherein alpha is an equation coefficient, and beta is an equation constant term;
in step S30, P Inert material Presetting according to actual requirements, and assuming P Inert material The value of (2) is specified as θ; the steps of obtaining alpha and beta are as follows:
s301, sampling and investigating, namely randomly extracting vehicle-mounted building wastes, obtaining the net weight of the building wastes, and simultaneously calculating the accumulation volume of the building wastes; sorting the construction waste to obtain the weight of the inert waste component or the non-inert waste component contained in the construction waste, and further calculating the proportion of the non-inert waste component or the inert waste component in the construction waste;
s302, data visualization, namely, visualizing sampling data by taking the accumulation volume and the weight of the construction waste as an abscissa and an ordinate respectively, so as to determine the total amount-volume distribution of data samples with the inert waste component ratio larger than theta and smaller than theta, judging whether the data samples represent a significant dividing line, if so, carrying out the next step, otherwise, returning to the step S301, and continuously increasing the sample amount;
s303, fitting data, namely fitting a potential dividing line in a linear fitting mode, obtaining estimated values of alpha and beta through a fitting result, and bringing the estimated values of alpha and beta into the formula in the step S30 to obtain the dividing line with the quantized inert waste component proportion being larger than theta and smaller than theta;
s304, applying the result to obtain values of alpha and beta, and measuring the proportion of inert waste components in the construction waste by using the formula in the step S30.
Further, in the step S10, the weight W of the construction waste is obtained Waste of Comprising the following steps:
weighing the construction waste transport vehicle by using a wagon balance to obtain the total weight W Total (S) Total weight W Total (S) Is the weight W of the construction waste Waste of Tare weight W of transport vehicle Vehicle with a frame And (3) summing.
Further, in the step S10, the weight W of the construction waste is obtained Waste of Comprising the following steps:
weight W of building waste is obtained by adopting vehicle-mounted electronic scale Waste of The vehicle-mounted electronic scale is mounted at the bottom of a hopper of the vehicle.
Further, in the step S10, a stacking volume V of the construction waste is obtained Waste of Comprising the following steps:
measuring the average height H of construction waste by means of a distance sensor Waste of And to match it with the hopper floor area A of the transport vehicle Bucket(s) Multiplying to obtain the accumulation volume V of the construction waste Waste of I.e. V Waste of ＝H Waste of *A Bucket(s) 。
Further, the distance sensor is installed above a specific gate or at the top of a vehicle hopper.
Further, in step S20, the inert waste mainly includes concrete, bricks, stones, cement mortar, and the non-inert waste mainly includes plastics, cardboard, wood, and textiles.
Further, in step S301, 5 to 10 data samples with inert component ratios greater than θ and less than θ are obtained.
Further, in the step S303, a linear fitting manner based on a least square method is used to fit the potential boundary line.
The beneficial effects of the application are as follows: compared with the component measurement method of manually classifying and then weighing calculation, the intelligent measurement method of the building waste components, provided by the application, does not need manual intervention, can rapidly, accurately and low-cost identify the building waste mixture meeting the classification standard, and eliminates the building waste with low classification recovery value, thereby saving time cost and mechanical cost and improving the processing efficiency of the building waste.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an intelligent measurement method for building waste components.
Fig. 2 is a detailed step diagram of step S30 in the present application.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the proportion of inert components and the bulk density of the construction waste according to the present application.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the visualization of the construction waste data according to the present application.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a scenario in which the present application is applied to a construction waste treatment plant.
Detailed Description
The application will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples.
The conception, specific structure, and technical effects produced by the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments and the drawings to fully understand the objects, features, and effects of the present application. It is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments, and that other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive effort are within the scope of the present application based on the embodiments of the present application. In addition, all the coupling/connection relationships referred to in the patent are not direct connection of the single-finger members, but rather, it means that a better coupling structure can be formed by adding or subtracting coupling aids depending on the specific implementation. The technical features in the application can be interactively combined on the premise of no contradiction and conflict.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the application discloses an intelligent measurement method for components of construction waste, by which the amount of inert components (higher recovery value) and non-inert components (lower recovery value) contained in the construction waste can be rapidly and accurately estimated, and the principle is to perform component estimation by utilizing the positive correlation of the statistical relationship between the component proportion of the construction waste and the bulk density of the construction waste. Specifically, in this embodiment, the method for intelligently measuring the components of the construction waste according to the present application includes the following steps:
s10, obtaining the weight W of the construction waste Waste of And a stacking volume V Waste of ；
In this embodiment, in the step S10, the weight W of the construction waste is obtained Waste of Comprising the following steps:
weighing the construction waste transport vehicle by using a wagon balance to obtain the total weight W Total (S) Total weight W Total (S) Is the weight W of the construction waste Waste of Tare weight W of transport vehicle Vehicle with a frame And (3) summing. The tare weight of a transport vehicle is generally known or can be obtained by wagon balance weighing when empty. Therefore, the vehicle transporting vehicle in which the construction waste is loaded obtains W by the wagon balance Total (S) Thereafter, W can be utilized Total (S) -W Vehicle with a frame Obtaining the weight W of the construction waste Waste of 。
In another specific embodiment, the weight W of the construction waste is obtained Waste of Comprising the following steps: weight W of building waste is obtained by adopting vehicle-mounted electronic scale Waste of Vehicle-mounted electronic scale is installed in car of vehicleA bucket bottom; the method is used for acquiring the loading condition of the transport vehicle in real time. Such a vehicle-mounted electronic scale has been popular in many transportation vehicles, such as coal handling vehicles in coal mining sites, cargo handling vehicles in wharfs, and the like.
Further, in the step S10, a stacking volume V of the construction waste is obtained Waste of Comprising the following steps: measuring the average height H of construction waste by means of a distance sensor Waste of And to match it with the hopper floor area A of the transport vehicle Bucket(s) Multiplying to obtain the accumulation volume V of the construction waste Waste of I.e. V Waste of ＝H Waste of *A Bucket(s) . The length and width of the hopper of the transport vehicle are relatively uniform, and can be obtained directly from a database shown by the vehicle manufacturer or obtained by interviewing the driver of the transport vehicle, subject to the constraints of road transport regulations and vehicle design specifications. The load height measuring device may be fixed to a distance sensor above a specific gate in the actual product design. The height of the construction waste loaded by the transport vehicle is deduced from the acquired data of the distance sensor.
Also, in another specific embodiment, the distance sensor is mounted on the roof of the vehicle hopper; the average loading height of the waste is obtained by measuring and calculating the average height difference before and after loading.
S20, dividing the construction waste into two categories of inert waste and non-inert waste, wherein the component proportion is P Inert material And P Non-inert The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the In this embodiment, the inert waste mainly comprises concrete, bricks, stones, cement mortar, and the non-inert waste mainly comprises plastics, cardboard, wood boards, and textiles.
Before measuring the composition of construction waste, it is first necessary to classify the composition of construction waste. At present, various methods for classifying construction wastes exist around the world. For example, the U.S. environmental protection agency classifies construction waste into seven categories, including (1) concrete, (2) steel, (3) wood products, (4) gypsum wallboard and gypsum, (5) brick and clay tiles, (6) asphalt tiles, and (7) asphalt concrete. In europe, the european union has established a complete list of construction waste, which divides construction waste into eight categories, respectively, (1) concrete, (2) asphalt, (3) tile, (4) ceramic, (5) wood, (6) glass, (7) plastic, and (8) gypsum. While in other countries and regions, such as australia, construction waste is generally divided into inert construction waste, which mainly comprises concrete, bricks, stones, cement mortar, etc., and non-inert construction waste, which mainly comprises plastics, cardboard, wood, textiles, etc.
The present application classifies construction waste into two categories, inert and non-inert. On the basis of the classification, the measurement problem of the components of the construction waste is specifically: it is measured how much inert and non-inert components are contained in a stack of construction waste, respectively.
Since the true density of inert materials such as concrete, bricks and tiles is generally greater than that of non-inert materials such as plastics and wood, it has been found from this general experience that for any two stacks of construction waste of equal volume, the inert content is generally heavier than the inert content. That is, construction waste having a higher content of inert components, the bulk density (other than true density) is also generally higher. The bulk density is equal to the total weight of the construction waste divided by the volume occupied by its bulk state. This potential law reveals a possible statistical relationship between the constituent components of the construction waste and its bulk density. The relationship between the proportion of the inert components and the bulk density of the construction waste is visualized by using fig. 3. Bulk density is less difficult to measure and requires less equipment than true density. Thus, if the statistical relationship between the composition and bulk density can be scientifically verified and quantified, this relationship can be used to achieve a rapid and low cost measurement of the composition of construction waste.
In order to prove the correctness of the theoretical reasoning, big data analysis and demonstration are carried out. Based on hong Kong's construction waste management practice, a large data set is collectively collected, which contains 3,200,000 vehicles of pure inert construction waste (i.e., construction waste with an inert component ratio of approximately 100% or more), and 1,100,000 vehicles of non-inert construction waste (i.e., construction waste with a non-inert component of approximately 100% or more). The dataset provides the weight and bulk of each vehicle of construction waste. Based on this, the bulk density of the 4,300,000-car construction waste was calculated, and the calculation result was subjected to comparative analysis. The analysis result of big data shows that the bulk density of 320 ten thousand vehicles of inert construction waste fluctuates in the interval of 0.5 ton per cubic meter to 1.8 ton per cubic meter, and most of the inert construction waste is distributed in the range of 0.9 ton per cubic meter to 1.5 ton per cubic meter; while the bulk density of 110-thousand non-inert construction waste varies from 0.1 ton per cubic meter to 0.9 per cubic meter, and is intensively distributed in the range of 0.2 ton per cubic meter to 0.6 ton per cubic meter. The above results demonstrate that the bulk density of construction waste with a higher proportion of inert components is generally greater than that of construction waste with a lower proportion of inert components, i.e. the theoretical reasoning shown in figure 3.
S30, establishing a general linear equation, and calculating the component proportion of the construction waste according to the following formula:
wherein α is an equation coefficient, also called slope; beta is an equation constant term, also known as intercept;
in step S30, P Inert material Presetting according to actual requirements, P Inert material Between 0 and 100, different cities may also lead to the same P due to differences in design and construction specifications Inert material There is a difference between a and beta. Furthermore, in practical applications, the determination of P is not required Inert material Corresponding values for the whole interval. In practice P Inert material Usually, the value is designed to be a certain value in advance according to actual demands, for example, in this embodiment, the value is specified to be 50% in hong Kong. In such a scenario, only the P according to the specification is needed Inert material And (5) obtaining the required alpha and beta values by sampling and investigating the values. Let P be Inert material The value of (2) is specified as θ; the steps of obtaining a and beta are as follows:
s301, sampling and investigating, namely randomly extracting vehicle-mounted building wastes, obtaining the net weight of the building wastes, and simultaneously calculating the accumulation volume of the building wastes; sorting the construction waste to obtain the weight of the inert waste component or the non-inert waste component contained in the construction waste, and further calculating the proportion of the non-inert waste component or the inert waste component in the construction waste;
in step S301, obtaining 5-10 data samples with inert component proportions greater than theta and less than theta;
s302, data visualization, namely, visualizing sampling data by taking the accumulation volume and the weight of the construction waste as an abscissa and an ordinate respectively, so as to determine the total amount-volume distribution of data samples with the inert waste component ratio larger than theta and smaller than theta, judging whether the data samples represent a significant dividing line, if so, carrying out the next step, otherwise, returning to the step S301, and continuously increasing the sample amount;
s303, fitting data, namely fitting a potential dividing line in a linear fitting mode, obtaining estimated values of alpha and beta through a fitting result, and bringing the estimated values of alpha and beta into the formula in the step S30 to obtain the dividing line with the quantized inert waste component proportion being larger than theta and smaller than theta;
in the step S303, a linear fitting mode based on a least square method is adopted to fit a potential boundary;
s304, applying the result to obtain values of alpha and beta, and measuring the proportion of inert waste components in the construction waste by using the formula in the step S30.
In a specific embodiment, in order to further demonstrate the operation mechanism of the proposed solution of the present application, it is assumed that the acceptable requirement of the construction waste is "the inert component proportion of the construction waste is not less than 50%", and then corresponding data is collected to solve the values of the coefficients α and β, thereby establishing a solution for determining whether the inert component proportion of the construction waste is not less than 50%.
(1) Real data is collected. Data is collected for 310 vehicle construction waste having an inert component ratio of less than 50% and for 294 vehicle construction waste having an inert component ratio of greater than 50%.
(2) And (5) visualizing the data. The data of the 604 car construction waste is visualized on the abscissa of the stacking volume and on the ordinate of the weight, as shown in fig. 4. It can be observed that the data points for construction waste with an inert content of greater than 50% are located mainly in the upper left region of the two-dimensional map, while the data points for construction waste with an inert content of less than 50% are located mainly in the lower left region of the two-dimensional map. In addition, a potential split line can be observed between more and less than 50% of the data points.
(3) Fitting data. Utilizing a linear fitting mode based on a least square method to fit potential dividing lines between data points with inert component proportions of more than and less than 50%, and obtaining an equation of an optimal dividing line, wherein the equation is as follows: W-0.42W-0.29=0.
(4) And judging whether the proportion of the waste inert components in the building is large or not by using the equation. Specifically, when the result of the equation W-0.42W-0.29 is greater than 0, it means that the inert component proportion of the construction waste is greater than 50%; when the result of W-0.42W-0.29 is less than 0, it means that the inert component proportion of the construction waste is less than 50%.
(5) And (5) evaluating results. Based on the fitted equation W-0.42W-0.29=0, predicting whether the proportion of inert components of the collected 604-vehicle construction waste is greater than 50%, and comparing and analyzing the judgment result of the model with actual data to obtain the judgment accuracy of the model as 90.2%. This value indicates that the model has good predictive performance. Therefore, the model can be packaged and combined with proper hardware equipment to form a complete intelligent measurement scheme for the components of the construction waste.
The values of the coefficients alpha and beta at the other inert component ratio requirements (e.g. 30% or 60%) can also be solved using the method described above, thus yielding a solution suitable for the new requirements.
For further explanation, referring to fig. 5, a scenario when the scheme is applied to a construction waste treatment plant is demonstrated. Assuming that a construction waste treatment plant only receives construction waste with an inert content of more than 50%, less than 50% will be rejected. The operation flow of the whole set of measurement scheme comprises the following main steps:
(1) The average height H of the construction waste loaded by the transport vehicle is measured and calculated using the distance sensor.
(2) The total weight of the truck (including the dead weight of the body and the net weight of the construction waste) was weighed using a wagon balance.
(3) The obtained average height of the construction waste is multiplied by the pre-registered bottom area (length×width) of the hopper of the transport vehicle, thereby calculating the accumulation volume of the construction waste.
(4) And subtracting the total weight of the weighed transport vehicle from the pre-registered transport vehicle self weight to obtain the net weight of the construction waste.
(5) The net weight and the bulk volume are input into a computer which encapsulates the function W-0.42W-0.29, the result is automatically calculated and whether the result is greater than 0 is judged.
(6) And determining whether the measured construction waste meets the requirements according to the judging result. And if yes, receiving, and if not, rejecting.
In summary, compared with the component measurement method of manually classifying and then weighing calculation, the intelligent measurement method of the building waste components provided by the application has the advantages that the measurement can be automatically completed through machine equipment without manual intervention, and the measurement process is short in time consumption and low in cost. The advantage of the present application compared to previous component measurement methods based on image or X-ray scanning is that a more accurate number (i.e. weight) of different components can be obtained.
In addition, the application has the following advantages: firstly, the construction waste treatment plant can quickly, accurately and inexpensively identify the construction waste mixture meeting the classification standard by using the intelligent measurement scheme, and the construction waste with low classification recovery value is removed, so that the time cost and the mechanical cost are saved, and the construction waste treatment efficiency is improved. The second, construction contractor and construction waste transportation driver can utilize this set of scheme to measure the composition proportion of each car construction waste that sends out from job site to whether need adjust the composition proportion according to the measuring result decision, thus determine the optimum construction waste disposal scheme. Thirdly, the social efficiency of the construction waste treatment can be improved, so that the natural environment is better protected.
While the preferred embodiment of the present application has been described in detail, the present application is not limited to the embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various equivalent modifications or substitutions without departing from the spirit of the present application, and the equivalent modifications or substitutions are included in the scope of the present application as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. An intelligent measurement method for building waste components is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s10, obtaining the weight W of the construction waste Waste of And a stacking volume V Waste of ；
S20, dividing the construction waste into two categories of inert waste and non-inert waste, wherein the component proportion is P Inert material And P Non-inert ；
S30, establishing a general linear equation, and calculating the component proportion of the construction waste according to the following formula:
wherein alpha is an equation coefficient, and beta is an equation constant term;
in step S30, P Inert material Presetting according to actual requirements, and setting P Inert material The value of (2) is θ; the steps of obtaining alpha and beta are as follows:
s301, sampling and investigating, namely randomly extracting vehicle-mounted building wastes, obtaining the net weight of the building wastes, and simultaneously calculating the accumulation volume of the building wastes; sorting the construction waste to obtain the weight of the inert waste component or the non-inert waste component contained in the construction waste, and further calculating the proportion of the non-inert waste component or the inert waste component in the construction waste;
s302, data visualization, namely, visualizing sampling data by taking the accumulation volume and the weight of the construction waste as an abscissa and an ordinate respectively, so as to determine the total amount and the volume distribution of data samples with the inert waste component ratio larger than theta and smaller than theta, judging whether the data samples represent a significant dividing line, if so, carrying out the next step, otherwise, returning to the step S301, and continuously increasing the sample amount;
s303, fitting data, namely fitting a potential dividing line in a linear fitting mode, obtaining estimated values of alpha and beta through a fitting result, and bringing the estimated values of alpha and beta into the formula in the step S30 to obtain the dividing line with the quantized inert waste component proportion being larger than theta and smaller than theta;
s304, applying the result to obtain values of alpha and beta, and measuring the proportion of inert waste components in the construction waste by using the formula in the step S30.
2. The intelligent measurement method for building waste components according to claim 1, wherein in the step S10, the weight W of the building waste is obtained Waste of Comprising the following steps:
weighing the construction waste transport vehicle by using a wagon balance to obtain the total weight W Total (S) Total weight W Total (S) Is the weight W of the construction waste Waste of Tare weight W of transport vehicle Vehicle with a frame And (3) summing.
3. The intelligent measurement method for building waste components according to claim 1, wherein in the step S10, the weight W of the building waste is obtained Waste of Comprising the following steps:
weight W of building waste is obtained by adopting vehicle-mounted electronic scale Waste of The vehicle-mounted electronic scale is mounted at the bottom of a hopper of the vehicle.
4. The method for intelligent measurement of construction waste components according to claim 2, wherein in the step S10, the accumulation volume V of construction waste is obtained Waste of Comprising the following steps:
measuring the average height H of construction waste by means of a distance sensor Waste of And to match it with the hopper floor area A of the transport vehicle Bucket(s) Multiplying to obtain the accumulation volume V of the construction waste Waste of I.e. V Waste of ＝H Waste of *A Bucket(s) 。
5. The intelligent measurement method of construction waste components according to claim 4, wherein the distance sensor is installed above a specific gate or on top of a vehicle hopper.
6. The intelligent measurement method of construction waste components according to claim 1, wherein in step S20, the inert waste mainly comprises concrete, tile, stone, cement mortar, and the non-inert waste mainly comprises plastic, cardboard, wood, and textile.
7. The intelligent measurement method of construction waste components according to claim 1, wherein in step S301, 5-10 data samples with inert component ratios greater than θ and less than θ are obtained.
8. The intelligent measurement method of the construction waste component according to claim 1, wherein in the step S303, a linear fitting method based on a least square method is used to fit the potential dividing line.
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