CN117026336A - Preparation method of cylinder liner with micro-texture surface nickel-chromium self-lubricating coating - Google Patents
Preparation method of cylinder liner with micro-texture surface nickel-chromium self-lubricating coating Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni] VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 229910018487 Ni—Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910001141 Ductile iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromide Chemical compound [Na+].[Br-] JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000080590 Niso Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019254 sodium formate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium formate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C=O HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formic acid Chemical compound OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(6+) Chemical compound [Cr+6] JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 101100165177 Caenorhabditis elegans bath-15 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001755 magnetron sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D15/00—Electrolytic or electrophoretic production of coatings containing embedded materials, e.g. particles, whiskers, wires
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/56—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/34—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/60—Electroplating characterised by the structure or texture of the layers
- C25D5/615—Microstructure of the layers, e.g. mixed structure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an antifriction wear-resistant cylinder sleeve with a micro-texture surface nickel-chromium self-lubricating coating and a preparation method thereof. The deposited chromium element is trivalent chromium, so that the chromium is more environment-friendly and safer than hexavalent chromium. The micro-texture can increase the contact area of a film-base interface, improve the mechanical locking degree of the interface, induce the stress state of a coating to change, and reduce the damage caused by the falling of the coating in the friction process; on the other hand, the grinding dust can be captured, lubricating oil/agent can be stored, and hydrodynamic pressure effect of friction pair fluid can be enhanced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of surface processing technology, in particular to a preparation method of an antifriction and wear-resistant cylinder sleeve with a micro-texture surface nickel-chromium self-lubricating coating.
Background
The piston ring-cylinder sleeve is used as a key friction pair in a diesel engine, and influences the running state, the working efficiency and the service life of the diesel engine in the process of relative reciprocating motion. However, as the strengthening degree of the engine is continuously improved, the combustion temperature and the fuel combustion explosion pressure are increasingly higher, and the mechanical load and the thermal load born by the piston ring-cylinder sleeve friction pair are obviously increased. The piston temperature will likely exceed 400 ℃; the piston ring is easy to be blocked, eccentric wear and even cylinder pulling under the difficult lubrication condition, and the service life of the diesel engine is shortened. It is therefore important to investigate how to effectively reduce piston-cylinder liner frictional wear.
The friction and wear performance of the piston ring-cylinder sleeve is improved by carrying out surface treatment on the piston ring-cylinder sleeve, wherein more surface electrodeposition is used, chromium plating is mainly used, and the chromium plating cylinder sleeve has excellent wear resistance, corrosion resistance and tensile cylinder resistance as a steel cylinder sleeve and has the potential of being used as a high-strength diesel engine cylinder sleeve. However, the single chromed cylinder liner has excessive hardness, which causes increased brittleness of the coating, poor matching and bonding with the substrate, and easy flaking during friction, thereby causing a tendency to catastrophic failure. In addition, the single hard coating has large aggressiveness to the cylinder sleeve, and is easy to generate serious abrasion when working under the condition of lean oil or no lubrication. In addition, the laser surface texturing technology can be also used for the piston ring-cylinder sleeve pairing auxiliary surface, and the formed surface micro-texture can play roles in capturing abrasive dust, storing lubricating oil and enhancing hydrodynamic pressure effect of a lubricating film in the friction process, so that friction and abrasion are reduced.
Chinese patent CN103089479B discloses a wear-resistant piston ring with hard and soft composite coating and textured surface and its preparation method, wherein a chromium coating is deposited on the outer circumferential surface of the piston ring, the coating is textured by pulse laser to obtain regular uniform micropore array, and the textured surface is subjected to magnetron sputtering of MoS 2 The coating serves as a lubricating phase, thereby effectively improving the wear condition of the piston ring. But the method adopts Cr 6+ Is highly toxic and pollutes the environment.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the technical problems of the friction-reducing and wear-resisting treatment technology of the piston ring-cylinder sleeve mating pair surface, the preparation method of the cylinder sleeve with the micro-texture surface nickel-chromium self-lubricating coating is provided. The invention prepares the micro texture on the surface of the cylinder liner by utilizing a laser processing technology. Preparing Ni-Cr-MoS on the textured cylinder sleeve surface by electrochemical composite codeposition technology 2 Self-lubricating coating. The friction and abrasion of the piston ring-cylinder sleeve pairing pair are reduced through the combination of surface texturing treatment and a surface self-lubricating coating, and the self-lubrication of the pairing pair interface is realized under the condition of poor oil or no lubrication.
The invention adopts the following technical means:
the preparation method of the cylinder liner with the micro-texture surface nickel-chromium self-lubricating coating is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, cleaning and degreasing a cylinder sleeve substrate;
step two, a YAG laser (5) is used for processing a micro-texture (1) on the surface of a substrate (11);
polishing the textured cylinder sleeve prepared in the second step, removing surface slag, ultrasonically cleaning in alkaline water to remove oil, then placing an acid solution to remove a surface oxide layer and activate the surface;
step four, preparing a coating: taking graphite as an anode (12), taking a cylinder sleeve sample obtained after the treatment in the step three as a workpiece cathode (11), and respectively connecting the cylinder sleeve sample with the anode and the cathode of a direct current power supply (13); the workpiece anode (12) and the cathode (11) are relatively parallel (5 cm apart) and are placed in an electrodeposition tank (15), and the area ratio of immersion in the electrodeposition liquid (10) is 3:1, a step of; turning on a DC power supply (13), performing reverse plating with small current (about 30 s), gradually reducing to required current after reverse plating is performed with large current impact (3-5 min), continuously stirring the electrodeposition liquid (10) by a magnetic stirrer (14) during electrodeposition, and stirring Ni in the electrodeposition liquid (10) 2+ 、Cr 3+ Is dispersed in the electrodeposition liquid (10) 2 Traction coating is carried out on the particles, thus preparing Ni-Cr-MoS 2 A self-lubricating coating (2).
Step five: and (3) coating film post-treatment, namely immersing the sample prepared in the step (IV) in alkaline water (10-30 s) to remove acidic liquid remained on the surface, playing a role in rust prevention, and drying and sealing for later use.
Further, the method comprises the steps of,
the electrodeposition liquid (10) is composed of C 6 H 5 Na 3 O 7 SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate), crCl 3 ·6H 2 O、NiSO 4 ·6H 2 O、NiCl 2 ·6H 2 O、NH 4 Cl、NaBr、H 3 BO 3 、HCOONa、HCOOH、CH 4 N 2 O, nano MoS 2 Is dissolved in deionized water and is prepared by adding dilute hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the pH value to be 1-3.
Further, the method comprises the steps of,
in the fourth step, the cylinder sleeve sample is carried out before electrodepositionSmall current of 1-3A/dm 2 The reverse electric treatment lasts for 30s to clean the surface of the substrate, and then a large current 5-25A/dm which is 5-8 times of the normal electroplating current is adopted 2 Impact is carried out for 3-5min to form a thin fine crystal layer on the surface, so that the activation point is increased, and the binding force of the plating layer is improved; finally, the normal current is switched in, and the current density is maintained to be 2-10A/dm in the deposition process 2 The pH value is 1-3, the temperature is 20-40 ℃, the electrodeposition time is 0.5-1h, and the magnetic stirring is continuously carried out in the process.
Further, the method comprises the steps of,
the YAG laser has an energy density of 40J/cm at a repetition frequency of 3KHz 2 -160J/cm 2 The pulse times are 5-30 times.
Further, the method comprises the steps of,
the micro textures prepared in the second step are distributed at equal intervals, and the diameter of the micro pits is 110-150 mu m; the depth of the micro pits is 20-50 mu m; the area occupation rate of the micro-texture array is 3-9%; the array arrangement angle of the micro-texture is 0-60 degrees.
Further, the method comprises the steps of,
and step four, the magnetic stirring device adopts a magnetic stirrer (14) to stir, the rotating speed is 0-2000rpm, the rotor of the stirrer is elliptical, the diameter is 10mm, and the length is 25mm.
Further, the method comprises the steps of,
the workpiece cathode (16) material of the first step is a ductile iron cylinder sleeve.
Furthermore, the cavitation effect generated by the electrodepositing liquid (10) in the ultrasonic environment can effectively reduce the cluster effect of the nanoscale molybdenum disulfide after 1h of ultrasonic oscillation before use, and meanwhile, the stirring is kept in the electrodepositing process, so that the aggregation of particles is reduced as much as possible.
The technical advantages and beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows:
1. the micro-texture is prepared by using a pulse laser processing technology, and the method has the advantages of high processing efficiency, good stability and certain controllability.
2. The deposited Cr element is Cr 3+ Elemental, distinguished from conventionally deposited Cr, which is relatively toxic 6+ Deposition of Cr 3 + Is more environment-friendly and safe.
3. The invention adopts the ultrasonic oscillation method to lead MoS before electrodeposition 2 Particles are uniformly dispersed and distributed in the electrodeposition liquid, and simultaneously cavitation effect generated in an ultrasonic environment can effectively break up clusters, so as to reduce MoS 2 Agglomeration of particles. Simultaneously, the magnetic stirrer is used for continuously stirring the electrodeposition liquid in the electrodeposition process, so as to avoid MoS in the electrodeposition liquid 2 The particles are precipitated, so that the uniformity of the electrodeposition liquid and the plating layer is improved, and meanwhile, the fluidity of the electrodeposition liquid can be enhanced by magnetic stirring, so that the conduction of ions in the electrodeposition liquid is favorably influenced.
4. The invention adopts a composite electrodeposition process, and reduces Ni and Cr ions in the electrodeposition liquid to ensure that nano MoS dispersed in the electrodeposition liquid 2 The particles are coated by traction and are deposited on the surface of the cathode matrix together with Ni and Cr elements, thereby forming Ni-Cr-MoS 2 The self-lubricating coating prepared by the process has stronger binding force, is different from the way of preparing the middle layer by the traditional self-lubricating coating, relatively reduces the process cost and complexity, and shortens the production period.
5. The method aims at the steps of adding small-current reverse plating and large-current impact into the nodular cast iron cylinder sleeve workpiece before electrodeposition, and the existence of the small-current reverse plating can remove the greasy dirt purifying surface of the plating workpiece with participation of acid washing on one hand, and can fully activate the cathode surface on the other hand, so that the cathode polarization can be effectively enhanced by carrying out large-current impact before forward plating, and meanwhile, the method is beneficial to the instantaneous mass generation of crystal lattices, generates a plating layer with fine crystallization, increases activation points and improves the binding force of the plating layer and a matrix.
6. Ni-Cr-MoS prepared by the invention 2 The coating avoids the adverse effect caused by the excessively high hardness of a single Cr plating layer, and simultaneously solves the defect of larger wear rate of a single Ni plating layer. MoS (MoS) 2 The solid lubricating film can be formed in the friction process, so that the friction coefficient of the coating is effectively reduced, and the service life of the coating in a lean oil or oil-cut state is prolonged.
7. The invention prepares Ni-Cr-MoS with micro-texture substrate 2 Self-lubricating coating. The existence of the micro-texture can provide the functions of mechanical locking and required roughness for the surface coating, improve the surface wettability, promote the adhesion of a coating interface, promote the deposition of the coating so as to improve the binding force of the coating, solve the problem that the trivalent chromium nickel coating is difficult to thicken, reduce the internal stress, prevent the coating from generating microcrack trend, macroscopically play the function of storing self-lubricating particles, and continuously provide the self-lubricating particles for the friction contact surface along with the friction. In addition, the micro-texture can also be used for capturing abrasive dust and enhancing hydrodynamic pressure effect in the friction process, and the friction coefficient is reduced, so that the abrasion condition of the piston ring is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort to a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an antifriction wear-resistant cylinder liner with a micro-textured surface nickel-chromium self-lubricating coating of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for preparing a laser-machined micro-textured surface composite electrodeposited self-lubricating coating according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the composite electrodeposition of a microtextured substrate surface in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a graph of the average friction coefficient of different coatings according to the invention, with a friction time of 11h.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the abrasion loss of different coatings according to the invention, the abrasion time being 11h.
In the figure: 1. is a textured surface; 2. Ni-Cr-MoS 2 A coating; 3. the matrix material is the nodular cast iron cylinder sleeve;
4. a control system; 5. YAG laser; 6. a cooling system; 7. a beam expander and a focusing lens; 8. an electric translation stage; 9. a signal generator; 10. Ni-Cr-MoS 2 An electrodeposition liquid; 11. a cathode material; 12. graphite is used as an anode; 13. a direct current power supply; 14. a magnetic stirrer; 15. an electrodeposition bath; 16. and a magnetic rotor.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other. The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments.
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, the singular is also intended to include the plural unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and furthermore, it is to be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" when used in this specification are taken to specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof.
The relative arrangement of the components and steps, numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention unless it is specifically stated otherwise. Meanwhile, it should be clear that the dimensions of the respective parts shown in the drawings are not drawn in actual scale for convenience of description. Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values should be construed as merely illustrative, and not a limitation. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further discussion thereof is necessary in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the azimuth or positional relationships indicated by the azimuth terms such as "front, rear, upper, lower, left, right", "lateral, vertical, horizontal", and "top, bottom", etc., are generally based on the azimuth or positional relationships shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the present invention and simplify the description, and these azimuth terms do not indicate and imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific azimuth or be constructed and operated in a specific azimuth, and thus should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention: the orientation word "inner and outer" refers to inner and outer relative to the contour of the respective component itself.
Spatially relative terms, such as "above … …," "above … …," "upper surface at … …," "above," and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one device or feature's spatial location relative to another device or feature as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as "above" or "over" other devices or structures would then be oriented "below" or "beneath" the other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above … …" may include both orientations of "above … …" and "below … …". The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used to define the components, and are only for convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components, and the terms have no special meaning unless otherwise stated, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
As shown in figure 1, an antifriction wear-resistant cylinder liner with a micro-textured surface nickel-chromium self-lubricating coating is formed by texturing a surface 1 and Ni-Cr-MoS 2 The coating 2 and the nodular cast iron cylinder sleeve 3. Processing a laser micro-texture 1 on a nodular cast iron cylinder sleeve 3, and processing Ni-Cr-MoS 2 A coating 2 is deposited on the laser textured surface 1.
As shown in figure 2, the preparation device of the laser processing micro-texture surface composite electro-deposition self-lubricating coating comprises a laser processing system and an electrochemical deposition system. The laser processing system mainly comprises a laser 5, a cooling system 6, a control system 4, a signal generator 9 and a translation stage 8. During experiments, the sample is fixed on the translation stage, and the computer software controls the electric translation stage to do X/Y/Z/R four-dimensional motion, and the displacement precision of the translation stage is 0.01mm. The laser processing is to form laser by utilizing energy generated by electron transition in a semiconductor substance, and can realize high repetition frequency and high power density processing, wherein the light spot diameter is 100 mu m, the focal length of a lens is 80mm, the wavelength is 1.06 mu m, the pulse width is about 1 mu s, the maximum output power is 100W, and the energy density distribution of laser beams is Gaussian distribution. During experiments, the temperature of the refrigerator is controlled at 24 ℃, a coaxial blowing method is adopted to protect a processing area, and the air pressure is 4 atmospheric pressures.
The electrochemical deposition system comprises an electrodeposition liquid 10, a cathode workpiece 11, an anode workpiece 12, a direct current power supply 13, a magnetic heating stirrer 14, an electrodeposition tank 15 and a magnetic rotor 16. Fig. 2 is a schematic view of an electrodeposition system, in which a cathode workpiece 11 and an anode workpiece 12 are arranged at both ends of an electrodeposition bath 15 in a vertical direction, and a magnetic rotor 16 is disposed at the bottom of the electrodeposition bath 15. The cathode workpiece 11 and the anode workpiece 12 are respectively connected with the cathode and the anode of the direct current power supply 13, and are immersed in the electrodeposition liquid 10, wherein the immersed area ratio in the electrodeposition liquid is 3:1. the magnetic rotor 16 continuously agitates the electrodeposition bath 10 during deposition.
The preparation method of the cylinder liner with the micro-texture surface nickel-chromium self-lubricating coating comprises the following steps (refer to figure 2):
1) Pretreatment of a substrate: a spheroidal graphite cast iron cylinder liner was taken as the workpiece cathode 11, cut into samples using an electric spark cutter, uniformly divided into 40 parts by cutting at 9 ° along the circumferential direction, and then transversely cut into 43mm cylinder liner samples. All the cut samples are firstly washed twice in an ultrasonic instrument by gasoline, then washed twice in the ultrasonic instrument by alcohol again for 20min each time, taken out and dried, and placed in an evaporation dish for preservation.
2) Preparing a micro texture: YAG laser is adopted to process micro-texture on the surface of the cylinder sleeve, a control system 4 is used to control the laser parameters of the laser 5 to change the depth-to-diameter ratio and the area occupancy rate of micropores on the surface, and the laser is adopted to select 40J/cm at the repetition frequency of 3KHz 2 -160J/cm 2 The pulse times are 5-30 times, the linear displacement and the angular displacement of the cylinder sleeve are controlled by adopting an electric translation table 8, the micro texture is prepared by a processing mode that the cylinder sleeve moves and the laser beam keeps motionless, and the diameter of a micro pit is 110-150 mu m; the depth of the micro pits is 20-50 μm. The area occupation rate of the micro-texture array is 3-9%; the array arrangement angle of the micro-texture is 0-60 degrees.
3) Cleaning and activating the surface: the cylinder liner prepared in the step 2), namely the workpiece cathode 11, is put into alkaline water (NaOH 60g/L, na) 2 CO 3 80 g/L) is subjected to ultrasonic cleaning for 10min, the sample is taken out and washed by clean water, and then is immersed in dilute sulfuric acid solution for 10s, so as to remove an oxide layer on the surface and improve the surface activity.
4) Preparing a coating: composite electrodeposited Ni-Cr-MoS 2 And (3) plating. The graphite plate is taken as a workpiece anode 12 to be connected with the positive electrode of a direct current power supply 13, and the workpiece cathode 11 is connected with the negative electrode of the direct current power supply 13. The electrodeposition liquid 10 uses water as solvent and is prepared from C 6 H 5 Na 3 O 7 SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate), crCl 3 ·6H 2 O、NiSO 4 ·6H 2 O、NiCl 2 ·6H 2 O、NH 4 Cl、NaBr、H 3 BO 3 、HCOONa、HCOOH、CH 4 N 2 O, nanoStage MoS 2 And is composed of a fully immersed workpiece cathode 11. And placing the electrodeposition liquid in an ultrasonic instrument, oscillating for 1h, and taking out to perform electrodeposition. Carrying out small-current reverse-current treatment on a sample for 1-3A/dm before electrodeposition 2 Lasting for 30s, then adopting large current impact, wherein the size is about 2.5 times of the normal electroplating current, lasting for 3-5min, and finally transferring into normal current, and maintaining the current density to be 2-10A/dm in the deposition process 2 The pH value is 1-3, the temperature is 20-40 ℃, the electrodeposition time is 0.5-1h, and the magnetic stirring is continuously carried out in the process. By continuously reducing Ni ions and Cr ions in the solution, moS dispersed in the electrodeposition liquid is subjected to 2 The particles are drawn and coated on the surface of the cathode 11 of the workpiece, thereby preparing Ni-Cr-MoS 2 Self-lubricating coating and MoS in self-lubricating coating 2 The layered structure of the particles allows for an effective reduction in the coefficient of friction during friction.
5) Post-treatment of samples: immersing the sample prepared in the step 4) in 80g/L Na 2 CO 3 Soaking in the solution for 30S for rust prevention, taking out, naturally airing, and sealing.
Example 1
1) And ultrasonically cleaning the inner surface of the cylinder sleeve by adopting absolute ethyl alcohol.
2) YAG laser is adopted to carry out texturing treatment on the inner surface of the cylinder sleeve, the diameter of the prepared micropore is 130 mu m, the depth is 30 mu m, the area occupancy is 5%, and the arrangement angle is 0 degree.
3) Slightly polishing the surface of the textured cylinder sleeve to remove laser slag, putting the textured cylinder sleeve into alkaline water for degreasing, and then putting the textured cylinder sleeve into dilute hydrochloric acid for activation treatment.
4) Electrodepositing with DC electroplating power supply, wherein the electrodepositing solution contains 130g/L C 6 H 5 Na 3 O 7 0.2g/LSDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate), 75g/L CrCl 3 ·6H 2 O、50g/L NiSO 4 ·6H 2 O、45g/LNiCl 2 ·6H 2 O、50g/L NH 4 Cl、12.5g/L NaBr、50g/L H 3 BO 3 、10g/L HCOONa、30ml/LHCOOH、62.5g/L CH 4 N 2 O、5g/L MoS 2 . Anodic etching (2A/dm) 2 ) High current (10A/dm) 2 ) Impact, maintaining current density 4A/dm during the process 2 The pH value is 2, the temperature is 40 ℃, the electrodeposition time is 1h, and the magnetic stirring is continuously carried out in the process, thus finally obtaining Ni-Cr-MoS 2 The plating layer has good binding force with the matrix metal through scratch experiments, the scratch edge has no peeling or cracking phenomenon, and the whole appearance of the surface of the matrix textured plating layer is obviously better than that of the non-textured plating layer.
5) The friction and wear test is carried out on a sample of the coated textured cylinder sleeve, CKS (chromium-based ceramic composite plating) piston ring is selected as a matched piston ring, RP-4652D lubricating oil is selected as a lubricant, the friction and wear performance of the cylinder sleeve is evaluated in two stages of low-temperature low-load (150 ℃ and 10 Mpa) and high-temperature Wen Gaozai (200 ℃ and 50 Mpa), and after the low-load running-in stage is finished, the temperature is raised and the loading is carried out sequentially to enter the high-load stage. And stopping after 10 hours in the high-load stage.
6) The experimental results are shown in the average friction coefficient diagram of FIG. 4, and it can be seen that Ni-Cr-MoS prepared by composite electrodeposition 2 The coefficient of friction of the self-lubricating coating is much less than that of spheroidal graphite cast iron, about 0.097. After texturing the substrate surface, the overall average coefficient of friction is further reduced, to a minimum of about 0.082. FIG. 5 further compares the presence or absence of texture of Ni-Cr-MoS 2 The abrasion loss of the self-lubricating coating can be seen that the surface of the matrix is textured with Ni-Cr-MoS 2 Compared with the cast iron cylinder liner without the coating or the non-textured coating, the coating has the advantages that the abrasion loss is reduced to a greater extent and the minimum is reduced to 3.9mg. The result shows that the surface texture can effectively reduce the abrasion of the self-lubricating coating in the friction process, and the surface texture of the substrate can play a role in mechanical locking, and when the self-lubricating coating is deposited on the surface of the substrate, the texture still exists on the surface of the coating, so that abrasive dust capturing, lubricant storage, hydrodynamic effect enhancement and the like are reserved.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The preparation method of the cylinder liner with the micro-texture surface nickel-chromium self-lubricating coating is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, cleaning and degreasing a cylinder sleeve substrate;
step two, a YAG laser (5) is used for processing a micro-texture (1) on the surface of a substrate (11);
polishing the textured cylinder sleeve prepared in the second step, removing surface slag, ultrasonically cleaning in alkaline water to remove oil, then placing an acid solution to remove a surface oxide layer and activate the surface;
step four, preparing a coating: taking graphite as an anode (12), taking a cylinder sleeve sample obtained after the treatment in the step three as a workpiece cathode (11), and respectively connecting the cylinder sleeve sample with the anode and the cathode of a direct current power supply (13); the workpiece anode (12) and the cathode (11) are relatively parallel (5 cm apart) and are placed in an electrodeposition tank (15), and the area ratio of immersion in the electrodeposition liquid (10) is 3:1, a step of; turning on a DC power supply (13), performing reverse plating with small current (about 30 s), gradually reducing to required current after reverse plating is performed with large current impact (3-5 min), continuously stirring the electrodeposition liquid (10) by a magnetic stirrer (14) during electrodeposition, and stirring Ni in the electrodeposition liquid (10) 2+ 、Cr 3+ Is dispersed in the electrodeposition liquid (10) 2 Traction coating is carried out on the particles, thus preparing Ni-Cr-MoS 2 A self-lubricating coating (2).
Step five: and (3) coating film post-treatment, namely immersing the sample prepared in the step (IV) in alkaline water (10-30 s) to remove acidic liquid remained on the surface, playing a role in rust prevention, and drying and sealing for later use.
2. The method for manufacturing a cylinder liner with a micro-textured surface nickel-chromium self-lubricating coating according to claim 1, which is characterized in thatThe method is characterized in that: the electrodeposition liquid (10) is composed of C 6 H 5 Na 3 O 7 SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate), crCl 3 ·6H 2 O、NiSO 4 ·6H 2 O、NiCl 2 ·6H 2 O、NH 4 Cl、NaBr、H 3 BO 3 、HCOONa、HCOOH、CH 4 N 2 O, nano MoS 2 Is dissolved in deionized water and is prepared by adding dilute hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the pH value to be 1-3.
3. The method for manufacturing a cylinder liner with a micro-textured surface nickel-chromium self-lubricating coating according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that,
in the fourth step, the cylinder sleeve sample is firstly subjected to reverse electric treatment with small current of 1-3A/dm 2 for 30s to purify the surface of the matrix before electric deposition, and then the large current 5-25A/dm which is 5-8 times of the normal electroplating current is adopted 2 Impact is carried out for 3-5min to form a thin fine crystal layer on the surface, so that the activation point is increased, and the binding force of the plating layer is improved; finally, the normal current is switched in, and the current density is maintained to be 2-10A/dm in the deposition process 2 The pH value is 1-3, the temperature is 20-40 ℃, the electrodeposition time is 0.5-1h, and the magnetic stirring is continuously carried out in the process.
4. The method for manufacturing a cylinder liner with a micro-textured surface nickel-chromium self-lubricating coating according to claim 3, characterized in that,
the YAG laser has an energy density of 40J/cm at a repetition frequency of 3KHz 2 -160J/cm 2 The pulse times are 5-30 times.
5. The method for manufacturing a cylinder liner with a micro-textured surface nickel-chromium self-lubricating coating according to claim 4, characterized in that,
the micro textures prepared in the second step are distributed at equal intervals, and the diameter of the micro pits is 110-150 mu m; the depth of the micro pits is 20-50 mu m; the area occupation rate of the micro-texture array is 3-9%; the array arrangement angle of the micro-texture is 0-60 degrees.
6. The method for manufacturing a cylinder liner with a micro-textured surface nickel-chromium self-lubricating coating according to claim 5, characterized in that,
and step four, the magnetic stirring device adopts a magnetic stirrer (14) to stir, the rotating speed is 0-2000rpm, the rotor of the stirrer is elliptical, the diameter is 10mm, and the length is 25mm.
7. The method for manufacturing a cylinder liner with a micro-textured surface nickel-chromium self-lubricating coating according to claim 6, characterized in that,
the workpiece cathode (16) material of the first step is a ductile iron cylinder sleeve.
8. The method for preparing the cylinder liner with the micro-texture surface nickel-chromium self-lubricating coating according to claim 7, wherein the electrodepositing liquid (10) is subjected to ultrasonic vibration for 1h before use, cavitation effect generated in an ultrasonic environment can effectively reduce the cluster effect of nano-scale molybdenum disulfide, and meanwhile, stirring is kept in the electrodepositing process, so that the aggregation of particles is reduced as much as possible.
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| CN117403302A (en) * | 2023-12-15 | 2024-01-16 | 宝露精工科技(无锡)有限公司 | High-strength high-toughness steel for bearings and preparation method thereof |
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| CN117403302A (en) * | 2023-12-15 | 2024-01-16 | 宝露精工科技(无锡)有限公司 | High-strength high-toughness steel for bearings and preparation method thereof |
| CN117403302B (en) * | 2023-12-15 | 2024-02-13 | 宝露精工科技(无锡)有限公司 | High-strength high-toughness steel for bearings and preparation method thereof |
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