CN117013836B - Voltage conversion circuit and power supply system - Google Patents
Voltage conversion circuit and power supply system Download PDFInfo
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- CN117013836B CN117013836B CN202311163451.2A CN202311163451A CN117013836B CN 117013836 B CN117013836 B CN 117013836B CN 202311163451 A CN202311163451 A CN 202311163451A CN 117013836 B CN117013836 B CN 117013836B
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- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
- H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
- H02H7/1213—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for DC-DC converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
- H02M1/34—Snubber circuits
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
Abstract
The application provides a voltage conversion circuit and a power supply system, which are used for being arranged between a power supply and a load; the voltage conversion circuit comprises a voltage conversion unit, a first transistor and a first control unit, wherein the voltage conversion unit is arranged between a power supply and a load, and is used for regulating a first voltage output by the power supply to form a second voltage and outputting the second voltage to the load; according to the voltage conversion circuit, on one hand, the first control unit is configured to control the first transistor to be disconnected when a load is short-circuited, so that extremely high current in the voltage conversion circuit is avoided, and short-circuit protection is carried out on components and power supplies in the voltage conversion circuit; on the other hand, the amplitude of the first control signal is changed in a gradient manner in the process of controlling the first transistor to be completely conducted by setting the first control signal; by adjusting the smoothness of the first control signal, the first transistor is turned on slowly, which is beneficial to reserving enough buffer time for the short-circuit protection mechanism.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of switching power supplies, and particularly relates to a voltage conversion circuit and a power supply system.
Background
The voltage conversion circuit is typically disposed between the power source and the load and is used to regulate the voltage output by the power source onto the load. The voltage conversion circuit controls the energy storage and release of the inductance and/or the capacitance by controlling the on and off of the switching tube.
However, most of the current voltage conversion circuits do not have a short-circuit protection mechanism, especially in the asynchronous rectifying boost converter, when the load is short-circuited, extremely high current may occur in the voltage conversion circuit, which may cause damage to components and power supply in the voltage conversion circuit.
Therefore, how to short-circuit protect an asynchronous boost converter circuit is a problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a voltage conversion circuit and a power supply system, and aims to solve the problem that an asynchronous boost conversion circuit is damaged due to short circuit in the prior art.
A first aspect of an embodiment of the present application proposes a voltage conversion circuit for being provided between a power source and a load, the voltage conversion circuit comprising:
the voltage conversion unit is used for being arranged between the power supply and the load and used for regulating the first voltage output by the power supply to form a second voltage and outputting the second voltage to the load;
a first transistor disposed between the power supply and the voltage conversion unit;
the first control unit is connected with the first transistor and is used for outputting a first control signal to control the on/off of the first transistor so as to control the on/off between the power supply and the voltage conversion unit;
the amplitude of the first control signal changes in a gradient manner from the turning-off process to the full turning-on process of the first transistor, and the first control unit is configured to control the first transistor to be turned off when the load is short-circuited.
In some embodiments of the present application, the first transistor has a first conductive state and a second conductive state, and the current of the first transistor in the second conductive state is greater than the current of the first transistor in the first conductive state;
the first control unit is configured to control the first transistor to be turned off when the first transistor is in the first conduction state and the load is short-circuited;
and/or the first control unit is configured to control the first transistor to be switched to a second conduction state when the first transistor is in the first conduction state and the load is not short-circuited.
In some embodiments of the present application, the first control signal includes a first sub control signal, a second sub control signal, and a third sub control signal; when the first control unit outputs the first sub-control signal, the first transistor is in a first conduction state; when the first control unit outputs the second sub-control signal, the first transistor is in a second conduction state; when the first control unit outputs the third sub-control signal, the first transistor is turned off;
the signal intensity of the first sub-control signal is between the signal intensity of the second sub-control signal and the signal intensity of the third sub-control signal.
In some embodiments of the present application, the control unit is configured to adjust the signal strength of the third sub-control signal in a gradient manner until the signal strength of the third sub-control signal is adjusted to the first sub-control signal;
and/or the control unit is used for adjusting the signal intensity of the first sub-control signal in a gradient mode until the signal intensity of the first sub-control signal is adjusted to be the second sub-control signal.
In some embodiments of the present application, the first control unit includes a decoder and a first counter, where the decoder is provided with an output pin and a plurality of input pins, the output pin is used for outputting the first control signal, the plurality of input pins are used for inputting a plurality of input voltage signals, and the plurality of input voltage signals are arranged at intervals of gradient according to voltage intensity;
the first counter is connected with the decoder, and the decoder is used for selectively receiving different input voltage signals according to the counting signals of the first counter so as to adjust the first control signals.
In some embodiments of the present application, the first transistor is a P-channel MOS transistor, and the signal strength of the first sub-control signal is greater than the strength of the second sub-control signal.
In some embodiments of the present application, the voltage conversion unit includes a first inductor, a second transistor, and a first diode, where an anode of the first diode is connected to the first inductor, and a cathode of the first diode is connected to the load; one end of the first inductor, which is far away from the first diode, is connected with the first transistor, one end of the second transistor is connected between the first inductor and the first diode, and the other end of the second transistor is grounded;
the second transistor has an off state and an on state, when the second transistor is in the on state, the first inductor is disconnected from the first diode, and the first inductor is charged; when the second transistor is in an off state, the first inductor is conducted with the first diode, and the first inductor supplies energy to the load.
In some embodiments of the present application, the voltage conversion unit further includes a first capacitor, one end of the first capacitor is connected between the first diode and the load, and the other end of the first capacitor is grounded;
wherein the first capacitor is configured to energize the load when the second transistor is in the on state; the first capacitor is charged when the second transistor is in an off state.
In some embodiments of the present application, the voltage conversion circuit further includes a second control unit for controlling on/off of the second transistor; the first control unit is also used for outputting a second control signal to control the second control unit to be started;
wherein the second control unit is configured to control the second transistor to be turned off when the load is shorted.
In a second aspect, the present application further provides a power supply system, including a power supply and the voltage conversion circuit described above, where one end of the voltage conversion circuit is connected to the power supply, and the other end is used to connect to a load.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that: in the above voltage conversion circuit and the power supply system, the voltage conversion circuit is configured to be disposed between a power supply and a load; the voltage conversion circuit comprises a voltage conversion unit, a first transistor and a first control unit, wherein the voltage conversion unit is arranged between a power supply and a load, and is used for regulating a first voltage output by the power supply to form a second voltage and outputting the second voltage to the load; the first transistor is arranged between the power supply and the voltage conversion unit; the first control unit is used for outputting a first control signal to control the on/off of the first transistor so as to control the on/off between the power supply and the voltage conversion unit; according to the voltage conversion circuit, on one hand, the first control unit is configured to control the first transistor to be disconnected when a load is short-circuited, so that extremely high current in the voltage conversion circuit is avoided, and short-circuit protection is carried out on components and power supplies in the voltage conversion circuit; on the other hand, the amplitude of the first control signal is changed in a gradient manner in the process of controlling the first transistor to be completely conducted by setting the first control signal; by adjusting the smoothness of the first control signal, the first transistor is turned on slowly, which is beneficial to reserving enough buffer time for the short-circuit protection mechanism.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a frame structure of a voltage conversion circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of a voltage conversion circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of a first control unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4 is a timing diagram of signals according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 5 is a conducting step chart of a voltage converting circuit according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a frame structure of a voltage conversion circuit according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 7 is a circuit configuration diagram of a second control unit according to an embodiment of the present application.
Specific element symbol description: 100-power supply, 200-first transistor, 300-voltage conversion unit, 400-load, 500-first control unit, 600-second control unit, N1-second transistor, L-first inductance, cout-first capacitance, CMP 1-first comparator, CMP 2-second comparator, D-first diode.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical schemes and beneficial effects to be solved by the present application more clear, the present application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the present application.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or be indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or be indirectly connected to the other element.
It should be appreciated that the terms "length," "width," "upper," "lower," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate an orientation or positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the present application and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element in question must have a particular orientation, be configured and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present application.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise.
The voltage conversion circuit is generally provided between the power supply and the load, and is configured to regulate a voltage output from the power supply to the load, and specifically, the voltage conversion circuit is capable of making an output voltage higher than an input voltage. In an actual circuit structure, the voltage conversion circuit controls the energy storage and release of the inductance and/or the capacitance by controlling the on and off of the switching tube.
In the related art, a voltage conversion circuit is directly arranged between a power supply and a load, and if the load has a short circuit, extremely high current is generated in the voltage conversion circuit, so that components and components in the voltage conversion circuit and the power supply are damaged.
The present application is based on this improvement of the related voltage conversion circuit and power supply system.
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2 in combination, fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a frame structure of a voltage conversion circuit provided in this embodiment, and fig. 2 shows a circuit configuration diagram of the voltage conversion circuit provided in this embodiment. The voltage conversion circuit of the present embodiment is for being disposed between the power supply 100 and the load 400. That is, the voltage conversion circuit can boost the voltage output from the power supply 100 and output the boosted voltage to the load 400.
The voltage conversion circuit comprises a voltage conversion unit 300, a first transistor 200 (corresponding to P1 in fig. 2), and a first CONTROL unit 500 (corresponding to pgate_control in fig. 2). It should be noted that, the voltage conversion unit 300 can function as a boost voltage, and the first transistor 200 and the first control unit 500 can control on/off between the power supply 100 and the load 400, so that the voltage conversion unit 300 can be protected by turning off the first transistor 200, and the boost function can be turned off/on by controlling the voltage conversion unit 300.
Specifically, the voltage conversion unit 300 is configured to be disposed between the power supply 100 and the load 400, and configured to regulate a first voltage output by the power supply 100 to form a second voltage, and output the second voltage to the load 400. It should be noted that, the voltage conversion unit 300 of the present application is an asynchronous boost conversion unit, that is, the voltage conversion unit 300 may boost the first voltage to the second voltage.
Specifically, the first transistor 200 is disposed between the power supply 100 and the voltage converting unit 300. In another possible embodiment, the first transistor 200 may also be provided between the load 400 and the voltage converting unit 300.
Specifically, the first control unit 500 is connected to the first transistor 200 and is configured to output a first control signal to control on/off of the first transistor 200 to control on/off between the power supply 100 and the voltage conversion unit 300. It is understood that the first transistor 200 has an input terminal, an output terminal, and a control terminal, the control terminal is connected to the first control unit 500, the input terminal is connected to the power source 100, and the output terminal is connected to the load 400. A first control signal is received through the control terminal to adjust on/off between the input terminal and the output terminal.
The amplitude of the first control signal changes in a gradient manner from the off state to the full on state of the first transistor 200. In particular, it is to be understood that the amplitude of the signal strength of the first control signal changes in a gradient manner during this process.
And the first control unit 500 is configured such that when the load 400 is shorted, the first control unit 500 controls the first transistor 200 to be turned off. It can be appreciated that the first control unit 500 is connected to the load 400, and when the load 400 is shorted, the first control unit 500 receives the first detection signal and outputs the first control signal according to the first detection signal to turn off the first transistor 200. Alternatively, the first control unit 500 further includes a detection element, and when the load 400 is shorted, the detection element sends a first detection signal to the first control unit 500, and the first control unit 500 outputs a first control signal according to the first detection signal to turn off the first transistor 200.
The current voltage conversion circuit does not have an overcurrent (short circuit) protection mechanism, and when the load 400 is short-circuited, the power supply and components in the voltage conversion circuit are easily damaged. However, in one aspect of the present application, by providing the first control unit 500 configured to control the first transistor 200 to be turned off when the load 400 is shorted, the first control unit 500 is beneficial to avoiding occurrence of extremely high current in the voltage conversion circuit, so as to perform short-circuit protection on components in the voltage conversion circuit and the power supply 100; on the other hand, the amplitude of the first control signal is changed in a gradient manner in the process of controlling the turn-off to the complete turn-on of the first transistor 200 by setting the first control signal; by adjusting the level of the first control signal, the first transistor 200 is turned on slowly, which is advantageous to reserve a sufficient buffer time for the short-circuit protection mechanism.
In some embodiments of the present application, the first transistor 200 of the present embodiment has a first conductive state and a second conductive state, and the current of the first transistor 200 in the second conductive state is greater than the current of the first transistor 200 in the first conductive state. That is, the second conductive state is turned on to a higher degree and is capable of passing a larger current than the first conductive state. It is also understood that the first transistor 200 has an off state, and the first on state is an intermediate state during the switching of the off state to the second on state.
The first control unit 500 is configured to control the first transistor 200 to be turned off when the first transistor 200 is in the first on state and the load 400 is shorted. It is understood that the first transistor 200 is in the first conductive state, the load 400 is shorted, and if the first transistor 200 is continuously turned on at this time, a great circuit loss is generated.
And/or, the first control unit 500 is configured to control the first transistor 200 to switch to the second conductive state when the first transistor 200 is in the first conductive state and the load 400 is not shorted. It can be understood that when the first transistor 200 is in the first conductive state and the load 400 is not shorted, if the first transistor 200 is turned on at this time, no higher current will be generated in the voltage conversion circuit, and the voltage conversion unit 300 can operate normally.
That is, in the process that the first control unit 500 controls the first transistor 200 to be turned on, the first transistor 200 is turned on gradually, so that the circuit can pass a minute current, and then it is determined whether to turn on the first transistor 200 further to the second on state or turn off the first transistor 200 to the off state according to whether the detection load 400 is shorted.
In some embodiments of the present application, the first control signal in the present embodiment includes a first sub-control signal, a second sub-control signal, and a third sub-control signal. When the first control unit 500 outputs the first sub-control signal, the first transistor 200 is in the first conductive state. When the first control unit 500 outputs the second sub-control signal, the first transistor 200 is in the second conductive state. When the first control unit 500 outputs the third sub-control signal, the first transistor 200 is turned off. That is, by adjusting the first control signal to toggle between the first sub-control signal, the second sub-control signal, and the third sub-control signal, the adjustment of the state of the first transistor 200 may be achieved.
The signal strength of the first sub-control signal is between the signal strength of the second sub-control signal and the signal strength of the third sub-control signal. That is, the signal strengths of the third sub-control signal, the first sub-control signal, and the second sub-control signal gradually decrease or increase.
Specifically, when the first transistor 200 needs to be switched from the off state to the first on state, the signal strength of the third sub-control signal is adjusted until the first sub-control signal is adjusted. When the first transistor 200 needs to be switched from the first conductive state to the second conductive state, the signal strength of the first sub-control signal is continuously adjusted until the second sub-control signal is adjusted.
In some embodiments, the amplitude gradient of the first control signal includes at least three stages, and the first control signal at different amplitudes corresponds to the first sub-control signal, the second sub-control signal, and the third sub-control signal, respectively.
In some embodiments of the present application, the control unit in this embodiment is configured to adjust the signal strength of the third sub-control signal in a gradient manner until the signal strength of the third sub-control signal is adjusted to be the first sub-control signal. It should be explained that at least one buffer signal is set between the signal strength of the third sub-control signal and the signal strength of the first sub-control signal, that is, in the process of adjusting the third sub-control signal to the first sub-control signal, the third sub-control signal is adjusted to the buffer signal first for a certain time, and then the buffer signal is adjusted to the first sub-control signal; the smoothness of the third sub-control signal to the first sub-control signal is advantageously improved, and thus the smoothness of the first transistor 200 switched from the off state to the first on state is advantageously improved.
It can be appreciated that by adjusting the third sub-control signal to the first sub-control signal in a gradient manner, the on threshold voltage of the first transistor 200 can be detected, and the gate voltage is reduced by several steps after reaching the on threshold voltage, so that the first transistor is in the first on state, and the on current capability of the transistor is enough to provide to the load 400, but not so much, so as to play a role in protection.
And/or the control unit is used for gradient adjusting the signal intensity of the first sub-control signal until the signal intensity is adjusted to be the second sub-control signal. It should be explained that at least one buffer signal is provided between the signal strength of the first sub-control signal and the signal strength of the second sub-control signal; that is, in the process of adjusting the first sub-control signal to the first sub-control signal, the first sub-control signal is adjusted to the buffer signal for a certain time, and then the buffer signal is adjusted to the second sub-control signal; the smoothness of the first sub-control signal to the second sub-control signal is advantageously improved, and thus the smoothness of the first transistor 200 switched from the first conductive state to the second conductive state is advantageously improved.
In some embodiments of the present application, referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 shows a circuit configuration diagram of a first control unit 500 provided in this embodiment. The first control unit 500 of the present embodiment includes a decoder and a first counter, the decoder is provided with an output pin and a plurality of input pins, the output pin is used for outputting a first control signal, the plurality of input pins are used for inputting a plurality of input voltage signals, and the plurality of input voltage signals are arranged at gradient intervals according to voltage intensity. That is, the decoder can receive input voltage signals having different voltage strengths and output first control signals having different strengths, thereby controlling the first transistor 200 to be in different states.
The first counter is connected with the decoder, and the decoder is used for selectively receiving different input voltage signals according to the counting signals of the first counter so as to adjust the first control signals. It should be explained that the first counter is operative to order the plurality of input voltage signals received by the decoder such that the decoder is able to choose to access different input voltage signals according to the first counter.
In some embodiments of the present application, the first control unit 500 further includes a detection end, a second counter, a first comparator CMP1, and a second comparator CMP2, where the detection end is configured to detect a voltage input to the load 400, the first comparator CMP1 is configured to compare a voltage of the detection end (a voltage of the LX point) with a first preset voltage when the first transistor 200 is in an off state, and if the voltage of the detection end is less than the first preset voltage, the first transistor is always in an off state until the voltage of the detection end is equal to the first preset voltage, and then determine that the control voltage of the first transistor 200 reaches an on threshold voltage, and then continuously reduce the first control voltage by a number of steps through the second counter until the first sub-control voltage is reached, and then the first transistor 200 is in a first on state. The second counter continues to count and maintains the first transistor 200 in the first on state for a number of times so that the input power source has enough time to charge the output capacitor.
Similarly, the second comparator CMP2 is configured to compare the input voltage (VIN-300 mv) with the output Voltage (VOUT) when the first transistor 200 is at the end of the first conductive state, and determine that the load 400 is not shorted if the output voltage is greater than the input voltage, and control the 10 th flip-flop D10 in fig. 3 to output a signal to the first control unit 500 through the second counter, thereby controlling the first transistor 200 to the second conductive state. If the output voltage is smaller than the input voltage, it is determined that the load 400 is shorted, the second counter can control the 11 th flip-flop D11 in fig. 3 to output a signal to the first control unit 500, thereby controlling the first transistor 200 to be turned off, and simultaneously controlling the voltage conversion unit 300 to be turned off, so as to prevent the voltage conversion unit 300 from being started.
Specifically, referring to fig. 3 and 4, fig. 4 is a signal timing diagram provided in the present embodiment, where EN is an enable signal received by the first control unit 500 and may be used to characterize whether the system starts to operate; PGATE is a first control signal for controlling on/off of the first transistor 200; VTH_DET is a signal output by the first comparator CMP1 and is used for representing whether the first control signal reaches the on threshold voltage of the first transistor; HOLD is a signal for masking the first counter when the second counter is operated, and en_pwm is a signal for the first control unit 500 to output for controlling the start of the voltage conversion unit 300.
V1 to V16 (corresponding to a plurality of input voltage signals) in this embodiment are sequentially~/>. Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a turn-on step of the voltage conversion circuit according to the present embodiment. When the enable signal (corresponding to EN) changes from low to high, the counter 1 (corresponding to the first counter) formed by D1-D4 starts counting, and generates Q1-Q4 logic signals to be output to the decoder. The decoder sequentially outputs V1, V2 … V16 to the PGATE voltage according to Q1-Q4. PGATE voltage according to->The voltage step is gradually reduced, and when the voltage step is reduced to the turn-on threshold voltage of the external first transistor 200, the LX voltage is increased, and the output signal vth_det of the first comparator CMP1 becomes high.
Then, the counter 2, which is formed by D5-D8, starts counting, and when the clock signal CLK generates the fifth rising edge, T1 goes from low to high, thereby setting the D7 output HOLD high. The input clock signal of the counter 1 is masked to stop counting, and the voltage corresponding to the PGATE is the threshold voltage of the first transistor 200, which is reduced by five set step voltages, i.e., PGATE (HOLD) =vin-VTH-5*I 0 *R 0 。
After which counter 2 (corresponding to the second counter) continues counting, and the PGATE voltage is maintained at PGATE (HOLD). When the output T2 of the counter 2 is changed from low to high, whether the output VOUT rises to VIN-300mV or not is judged, and if VOUT reaches VIN-300mV or more, the output is considered to have no short circuit. The output SCP_DET of the second comparator CMP2 is high, and the AND T2 phase then toggles the flip-flop D10 output EN_PWM high, thereby accelerating the pull-down of the PGATE voltage and enabling the boost converter.
If VOUT does not reach VIN-300mV or more, the output is considered to be shorted, the output scp_det of the second comparator CMP2 is low, the inverse signal and T2 phase thereof flip-flop D11 output SCP high, the PGATE voltage is pulled high, and the boost converter is put into a protected state.
In some embodiments of the present application, please continue to refer to fig. 2, the first transistor 200 in this embodiment is a P-channel MOS transistor, and the signal strength of the first sub-control signal is greater than the signal strength of the second sub-control signal. That is, when switching from the first sub-control signal to the second sub-control signal, the first transistor 200 is turned on. Specifically, the G-pole of the first transistor 200 is connected to the first control unit 500, the s-pole is connected to the power supply 100, and the d-pole is connected to the voltage conversion unit 300.
In another embodiment, the first transistor 200 may be any one or more of a MOS transistor, a triode, and an IGBT transistor.
In some embodiments of the present application, please continue to refer to fig. 2, the voltage converting unit 300 of the present embodiment includes a first inductor L, a second transistor N1, and a first diode D, where an anode of the first diode D is connected to the first inductor L, and a cathode of the first diode D is connected to the load 400; one end of the first inductor L far away from the first diode D is connected to the first transistor 200, and one end of the second transistor N1 is connected between the first inductor L and the first diode D, while the other end is grounded.
The second transistor N1 has an off state and an on state, when the second transistor N1 is in the on state, the first inductor L is disconnected from the first diode D, and the first inductor L is charged; when the second transistor N1 is in the off state, the first inductor L is turned on with the first diode D, and the first inductor L supplies power to the load 400.
It can be understood that the first inductor L is a component that plays a role in boosting in the voltage conversion circuit, and the first voltage can be increased to the second voltage by releasing energy through the first inductor L, so as to realize a boosting function.
In some embodiments of the present application, the voltage converting unit 300 further includes a first capacitor Cout, one end of the first capacitor Cout is connected between the first diode D and the load 400, and the other end is grounded.
Wherein the first capacitor Cout is configured to energize the load 400 when the second transistor N1 is in the on state; when the second transistor N1 is in the off state, the first capacitor Cout is charged.
It can be understood that the first capacitor Cout is a component that plays a role in boosting in the voltage conversion circuit, and the first capacitor Cout and the first inductor L release energy, so that the first voltage can be increased to the second voltage, so as to achieve the boosting function.
In some embodiments of the present application, please continue to refer to fig. 2 and fig. 6, fig. 6 shows a frame structure diagram of the voltage conversion circuit provided in the present embodiment. The voltage conversion circuit of the present embodiment further includes a second control unit 600 (corresponding to PWM control in fig. 2), the second control unit 600 being configured to control on/off of the second transistor N1; the first control unit 500 is further configured to output a second control signal to control the second control unit 600 to be turned on; wherein the second control unit 600 is configured to control the second transistor N1 to be turned off when the load 400 is shorted.
It should be explained that, please continue to refer to fig. 7, fig. 7 shows a circuit configuration diagram of the second control unit 600 provided in the present embodiment. The control circuit (corresponding to the second control unit 600) detects VOUT, compares VOUT with a reference voltage, and generates a pulse width modulation signal PWM, which is output to the NAND gate (NAND 1), and the en_pwm signal of the first control unit 500 is also output to the NAND1. The output terminal of the NAND1 is also connected to a NOR gate (NOR 1), the SCP signal of the first control unit 500 is also connected to the NOR1, and the output terminal of the NOR1 is connected to a driving circuit for outputting a control signal (DRV) to control on/off of the second transistor N1.
When the system is not in short circuit, the EN_PWM signal is changed into a high level, the SCP is in a low level, the PWM signal is input into the driving circuit through the NAND1 and the NOR1, and a DRV signal with the same pulse width is generated to drive the second transistor N1, and the boost converter enters a starting and working state.
When the system is short-circuited, the SCP signal becomes high level, the SCP prohibits the PWM signal from being transmitted to the driving circuit through the NOR1, the input signal of the driving circuit is always low level, the output signal DRV of the driving circuit is always kept low level, the second transistor N1 is always in a closed state, the boost converter stops working, and the boost converter enters a protection state.
Specifically, referring to fig. 2, when the enable signal changes from low to high, the first control unit 500 controls the gate voltage (corresponding to the first control signal) of the first transistor 200 to decrease gradually according to a fixed step, and when the difference between the gate voltage and the input voltage VIN is greater than the turn-on voltage of the first transistor 200, the first transistor 200 is turned on. At this time, a current flows from VIN through the first transistor 200, the first inductor L and the diodes D to VOUT, and charges the first capacitor Cout.
When the first transistor 200 is just turned on, the current in the voltage conversion circuit is relatively small, and in order to accelerate the charging speed of the first capacitor Cout and realize the load starting, the first control unit 500 continuously controls the gate voltage to gradually decrease by a plurality of set steps, and stabilizes at the steps for a period of time. The first transistor 200 can provide enough current to both the first capacitor Cout and the load 400; the load 400 does not generate too much current to damage the peripheral devices when it is shorted. When the gate voltage is at the step for a period of time, the first control unit 500 will determine whether the load 400 is shorted, and if not, the gate voltage is rapidly pulled to the ground to fully turn on the first transistor 200, and generate a second control signal to control the second control unit 600 to start the boost converter. If a short circuit is detected at this time, the gate voltage is rapidly pulled up to the power supply voltage VIN, so that the first transistor 200 is turned off, thereby protecting the peripheral devices, and simultaneously, a second CONTROL signal is sent to the PWM CONTROL unit to prohibit the boost converter from being started and enter a protection mode.
It should be explained that starting the boost converter means that the second transistor N1 is turned off and on rapidly at a certain frequency to realize charging and discharging of the first inductor L and the first capacitor Cout, thereby realizing the boost function.
Further, in order to better embodiment the voltage conversion circuit of the present application, on the basis of the voltage conversion circuit provided in any of the foregoing embodiments, the present application further provides a power supply system, including the power supply 100 and the voltage conversion circuit in any of the foregoing embodiments, where one end of the voltage conversion circuit is connected to the power supply 100, and the other end is used to connect to the load 400.
In the foregoing embodiments, the descriptions of the embodiments are emphasized, and in part, not described or illustrated in any particular embodiment, reference is made to the related descriptions of other embodiments.
While the basic concepts have been described above, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the foregoing detailed disclosure is by way of example only and is not intended to be limiting. Although not explicitly described herein, various modifications, improvements, and adaptations of the present application may occur to one skilled in the art. Such modifications, improvements, and modifications are intended to be suggested within this application, and are therefore within the spirit and scope of the exemplary embodiments of this application.
Meanwhile, the present application uses specific words to describe embodiments of the present application. Reference to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," and/or "some embodiments" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is associated with at least one embodiment of the present application. Thus, it should be emphasized and should be appreciated that two or more references to "an embodiment" or "one embodiment" or "an alternative embodiment" in various positions in this specification are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, certain features, structures, or characteristics of one or more embodiments of the present application may be combined as suitable.
Likewise, it should be noted that in order to simplify the presentation disclosed herein and thereby aid in understanding one or more inventive embodiments, various features are sometimes grouped together in a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof. This method of disclosure, however, is not intended to imply that more features than are presented in the claims are required for the subject application. Indeed, less than all of the features of a single embodiment disclosed above.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present application, and are not limiting; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and are intended to be included in the scope of the present application.
Claims (9)
1. A voltage conversion circuit for placement between a power source and a load, the voltage conversion circuit comprising:
the voltage conversion unit is used for being arranged between the power supply and the load and used for regulating the first voltage output by the power supply to form a second voltage and outputting the second voltage to the load;
a first transistor disposed between the power supply and the voltage conversion unit;
the first control unit is connected with the first transistor and is used for outputting a first control signal to control the on/off of the first transistor so as to control the on/off between the power supply and the voltage conversion unit;
the first control unit is configured to control the first transistor to be disconnected when the load is short-circuited, wherein the amplitude of the first control signal is in gradient change in the process of controlling the first transistor to be completely connected;
the first transistor has a first conduction state and a second conduction state, and the current of the first transistor in the second conduction state is larger than the current of the first transistor in the first conduction state;
the first control unit is configured to control the first transistor to be turned off when the first transistor is in the first conduction state and the load is short-circuited;
the first control unit is configured to control the first transistor to switch to a second conductive state when the first transistor is in the first conductive state and the load is not shorted.
2. The voltage conversion circuit of claim 1, wherein the first control signal comprises a first sub-control signal, a second sub-control signal, and a third sub-control signal; when the first control unit outputs the first sub-control signal, the first transistor is in a first conduction state; when the first control unit outputs the second sub-control signal, the first transistor is in a second conduction state; when the first control unit outputs the third sub-control signal, the first transistor is turned off;
the signal intensity of the first sub-control signal is between the signal intensity of the second sub-control signal and the signal intensity of the third sub-control signal.
3. The voltage conversion circuit according to claim 2, wherein the control unit is configured to adjust the signal strength of the third sub-control signal in a gradient manner until the signal strength is adjusted to the first sub-control signal;
and/or the control unit is used for adjusting the signal intensity of the first sub-control signal in a gradient mode until the signal intensity of the first sub-control signal is adjusted to be the second sub-control signal.
4. The voltage conversion circuit according to claim 2, wherein the first control unit includes a decoder provided with an output pin for outputting the first control signal and a plurality of input pins for inputting a plurality of input voltage signals, the plurality of input voltage signals being arranged at gradient intervals in terms of voltage intensity, and a first counter;
the first counter is connected with the decoder, and the decoder is used for selectively receiving different input voltage signals according to the counting signals of the first counter so as to adjust the first control signals.
5. A voltage conversion circuit according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the first transistor is a P-channel MOS transistor, and the signal strength of the first sub-control signal is greater than the strength of the second sub-control signal.
6. The voltage conversion circuit according to claim 1, wherein the voltage conversion unit includes a first inductor, a second transistor, and a first diode, an anode of the first diode is connected to the first inductor, and a cathode of the first diode is connected to the load; one end of the first inductor, which is far away from the first diode, is connected with the first transistor, one end of the second transistor is connected between the first inductor and the first diode, and the other end of the second transistor is grounded;
the second transistor has an off state and an on state, when the second transistor is in the on state, the first inductor is disconnected from the first diode, and the first inductor is charged; when the second transistor is in an off state, the first inductor is conducted with the first diode, and the first inductor supplies energy to the load.
7. The voltage conversion circuit according to claim 6, wherein the voltage conversion unit further comprises a first capacitor, one end of the first capacitor is connected between the first diode and the load, and the other end of the first capacitor is grounded;
wherein the first capacitor is configured to energize the load when the second transistor is in the on state; the first capacitor is charged when the second transistor is in an off state.
8. The voltage conversion circuit according to claim 7, further comprising a second control unit for controlling on/off of the second transistor; the first control unit is also used for outputting a second control signal to control the second control unit to be started;
wherein the second control unit is configured to control the second transistor to be turned off when the load is shorted.
9. A power supply system comprising a power supply and a voltage conversion circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein one end of the voltage conversion circuit is connected to the power supply and the other end is connected to a load.
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| CN117013836A (en) | 2023-11-07 |
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