CN116995782B - Passive equalization method and system for battery, electronic equipment and storage medium - Google Patents
Passive equalization method and system for battery, electronic equipment and storage medium Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
- H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
- H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/007188—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters
- H02J7/007192—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature
- H02J7/007194—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature of the battery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a passive equalization method, a system, electronic equipment and a storage medium of a battery, which relate to the field of new energy batteries, and the method comprises the steps of determining whether a battery unit in a current self-wake-up period accords with a passive equalization starting condition according to the self-wake-up period, the last power-off time, the current power-on time, a static voltage value and a temperature value; if the battery units in the current self-wake-up period meet the condition of starting passive equalization, sequencing and grouping all the battery units currently, and determining a passive equalization group; respectively calculating estimated equalization time, estimated maximum equalization time of a system and estimated minimum equalization time of the system of the battery units needing passive equalization groups; and calculating the equalization loss capacity according to the actual equalized time, the system estimated maximum equalization time, the system estimated minimum equalization time and the estimated equalization time of the battery units of the passive equalization group. The invention can realize high-precision equalization.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of new energy batteries, and in particular, to a method and a system for passive equalization of a battery, an electronic device, and a storage medium.
Background
With the rapid development and widespread use of new energy battery technology, new energy batteries have become the energy storage solution of choice for many electric vehicles, energy storage systems and mobile devices. Meanwhile, consistency problems in the use process of the battery are also of great concern, and each battery unit has small differences in charge and discharge processes due to differences in materials, processes, environments and other factors in the production process, and the differences may cause excessive capacity loss of some battery units, thereby reducing the performance and service life of the whole battery pack and possibly even causing safety problems.
In order to solve the problem of consistency of each battery unit in the battery pack, a plurality of equalization methods exist at present, and the equalization methods are mainly divided into an energy dissipation type passive equalization mode and an energy transfer type active equalization mode. The energy of the battery core with higher voltage or larger capacity is consumed by using an equalization switch and a bleeder resistor which are connected in parallel with the battery in a passive equalization way, so that the purpose of reducing the difference between different battery cores is achieved. At present, the battery management system in the market mostly adopts a passive equalization mode, and has a simple structure and a mature technology, so that the battery management system is widely used.
Currently, most battery management systems with passive equalization function employ an equalization strategy that is: at the end of charging, the voltage of each battery cell is monitored, the voltage difference between the battery cells is calculated, and an equalization strategy and a control algorithm are formulated according to the characteristics and the requirements of the battery pack, for example, whether equalization is required or not is judged according to the threshold value of the voltage difference. Such equalization approaches have mainly the following problems:
because the voltage difference between the battery units at the charging terminal is amplified due to the existence of the charging polarization reaction, the acquired voltage value is not the actual open-circuit voltage value of the battery units, so that the SOC value of each battery unit cannot be accurately estimated, a coarser equalization scheme can be formulated only by comparing the voltage difference values of the units, and conditions for equalizing opening and closing can be formulated by experience; after the charging is finished, the battery voltage has a gradual falling process in a longer time, and the dynamic change of the voltage of the battery unit leads to the fact that the time required by equalization cannot be estimated accurately; the effect of the loss on the bleed resistance on the overall battery system SOC is not considered.
Therefore, a highly accurate equalization method is required.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a passive equalization method, a system, electronic equipment and a storage medium of a battery, which can perform static equalization on the battery in a self-wake-up period, accurately calculate equalization time and lost capacity by performing accurate capacity estimation and difference comparison on each battery unit, and further accurately and quantitatively compensate a system SOC value.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:
a method of passive equalization of a battery, comprising:
setting a self-wake-up period of a power management chip;
acquiring the last shutdown time, the current startup time, the static voltage value of each battery unit and the temperature value of each battery unit;
determining whether the battery unit in the current self-wake-up period accords with a passive equalization starting condition according to the self-wake-up period, the last power-off time, the current power-on time, the static voltage value and the temperature value;
if the battery units in the current self-wake-up period meet the condition of starting passive equalization, sequencing and grouping all the battery units currently, and determining a passive equalization group;
respectively calculating estimated equalization time, estimated maximum equalization time of a system and estimated minimum equalization time of the system of the battery units needing the passive equalization group;
calculating equalization loss capacity according to the actual equalized time of the battery units of the to-be-passively equalized group, the estimated maximum equalization time of the system, the estimated minimum equalization time of the system and the estimated equalization time; the equalization loss capacity is used to compensate for the SOC of the system.
Optionally, determining whether the battery unit in the current self-wake-up period meets the passive equalization starting condition according to the self-wake-up period, the last power-off time, the current power-on time, the static voltage value and the temperature value specifically includes:
calculating the interval time of two uses according to the last shutdown time and the current startup time;
judging whether the interval time is equal to the sleep time of the self-wake-up period or not to obtain a first judging result;
if the first judgment result is yes, determining that the battery unit in the current self-wake-up period is in a self-wake-up state, and determining an SOC value corresponding to each battery unit according to the static voltage value and the temperature value;
judging whether the SOC value corresponding to the current highest single voltage battery cell in the current self-wake-up period is larger than the equalization protection value, and obtaining a second judgment result;
if the second judgment result is yes, the battery unit in the current self-wake-up period accords with a passive equalization starting condition;
if the second judgment result is negative, the battery unit in the current self-wake-up period does not accord with the condition of starting passive equalization;
and if the first judgment result is yes, determining that the battery unit in the current self-wake-up period is in the artificial wake-up state.
Optionally, if the battery cells in the current self-wake-up period meet the condition of starting passive equalization, sorting and grouping all the battery cells currently, and determining that a passive equalization group is needed specifically includes:
sequencing based on the SOC values of all the battery units;
setting an equalization SOC difference threshold according to the SOC value of the battery unit with the lowest voltage in all battery units;
and determining a required passive equalization group according to the ordered SOC values and the equalization SOC difference threshold.
Optionally, the expression of the estimated equalization time of the battery unit is:
wherein T is bal Is the time required for the equalization prediction of the cell x, SOC x Is the current SOC value and SOC of the battery unit x min Is the SOC value corresponding to the lowest voltage battery unit and SOC th Is the balanced SOC difference threshold, I bal Is the average equilibrium current, Q 0 Is rated single volume，SOH x Is the state of health of the battery cell x.
Optionally, calculating the equalization loss capacity according to the actual equalized time of the battery unit of the to-be-passively equalized group, the estimated maximum equalization time of the system, the estimated minimum equalization time of the system and the estimated equalization time, which specifically includes:
when the actual equalized time is smaller than or equal to the minimum equalization time estimated by the system, calculating the equalization loss capacity according to the following formula;
wherein,to equalize the capacity loss of duration T bal_i To require the estimated equalization time, SOC, of the ith cell in the passive equalization group i Is the initial SOC of the ith battery cell, SOC tgt The target SOC is the target SOC at the end of equalization, and n is the total number of battery units in the passive equalization group; t is the actual equalized time;
when the actual equalized time is greater than the estimated minimum equalized time of the system and the actual equalized time is less than the estimated maximum equalized time of the system, calculating the equalized loss capacity according to the following formula;
wherein k is a critical battery unit serial number of which the estimated equalization time is equal to the current actual equalized time in the system, 1~k represents a battery unit of which the estimated equalization time is longer than the current equalized time, and k+1 to n represents a battery unit of which the estimated equalization time is shorter than the current equalized time;
when the actual equalized time is greater than or equal to the minimum equalization time estimated by the system, calculating the equalization loss capacity according to the following formula;
。
the invention also provides a passive equalization system of the battery, which comprises:
the setting module is used for setting the self-wake-up period of the power management chip;
the acquisition module is used for acquiring the last shutdown time, the current startup time, the static voltage value of each battery unit and the temperature value of each battery unit;
the passive equalization condition determining module is used for determining whether the battery unit in the current self-wake-up period accords with the passive equalization condition according to the self-wake-up period, the last power-off time, the current power-on time, the static voltage value and the temperature value;
the sequencing and grouping module is used for sequencing and grouping all the current battery units if the battery units in the current self-wake-up period meet the condition of starting passive equalization, and determining a required passive equalization group;
the calculation module is used for calculating the estimated equalization time, the estimated maximum equalization time and the estimated minimum equalization time of the system of the battery units needing the passive equalization group respectively;
the equalization loss capacity determining module is used for calculating the equalization loss capacity according to the actual equalized time of the battery units of the to-be-passively equalized group, the estimated maximum equalization time of the system, the estimated minimum equalization time of the system and the estimated equalization time; the equalization loss capacity is used to compensate for the SOC of the system.
Optionally, the passive equalization condition determining module specifically includes:
the interval time determining unit is used for calculating the interval time used for two times according to the last shutdown time and the current startup time;
the first judging unit is used for judging whether the interval time is equal to the sleep time of the self-wake-up period or not to obtain a first judging result;
the self-wake-up state determining unit is used for determining that the battery unit in the current self-wake-up period is in the self-wake-up state and determining the SOC value corresponding to each battery unit according to the static voltage value and the temperature value if the first judging result is yes;
the second judging unit is used for judging whether the SOC value corresponding to the current highest single voltage cell in the battery unit in the current self-wake-up period is larger than the equalization protection value or not, and obtaining a second judging result;
the passive equalization condition accords with the determining unit, and is used for if the second judging result is yes, the battery unit accords with the passive equalization condition in the current self-wake-up period;
the passive equalization condition does not accord with the determining unit, and if the second judging result is no, the battery unit in the current self-wake-up period does not accord with the passive equalization condition;
and the artificial wake-up state unit is used for determining that the battery unit in the current self-wake-up period is in the artificial wake-up state if the first judgment result is yes.
Optionally, the sorting and grouping module specifically includes:
a sorting unit for sorting based on the SOC values of all the battery cells;
the setting unit is used for setting an equalization SOC difference threshold according to the SOC value of the battery unit with the lowest voltage in all the battery units;
and the grouping unit is used for determining a passive equalization group according to the ordered SOC values and the equalization SOC difference threshold.
The present invention also provides an electronic device including:
one or more processors;
a storage device having one or more programs stored thereon;
the one or more programs, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to implement the methods as described.
The invention also provides a computer storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements a method as described.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
the invention sets the self-wake-up period of the power management chip; acquiring the last shutdown time, the current startup time, the static voltage value of each battery unit and the temperature value of each battery unit; determining whether the battery unit in the current self-wake-up period accords with a passive equalization starting condition according to the self-wake-up period, the last power-off time, the current power-on time, the static voltage value and the temperature value; if the battery units in the current self-wake-up period meet the condition of starting passive equalization, sequencing and grouping all the battery units currently, and determining a passive equalization group; respectively calculating estimated equalization time, estimated maximum equalization time of a system and estimated minimum equalization time of the system of the battery units needing the passive equalization group; calculating equalization loss capacity according to the actual equalized time of the battery units of the to-be-passively equalized group, the estimated maximum equalization time of the system, the estimated minimum equalization time of the system and the estimated equalization time; the equalization loss capacity is used to compensate for the SOC of the system. And carrying out static equalization on the battery in a self-wake-up period, accurately calculating equalization time and lost capacity by carrying out accurate capacity estimation and difference comparison on each battery unit, and further carrying out accurate quantitative compensation on the system SOC value.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a passive equalization method of a battery according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flow chart of the passive equalization method of the battery provided by the invention in practical application;
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of passive equalization hardware;
fig. 4 is a flow chart of a passive equalization method of a battery provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention aims to provide a passive equalization method, a system, electronic equipment and a storage medium of a battery, which can perform static equalization on the battery in a self-wake-up period, accurately calculate equalization time and lost capacity by performing accurate capacity estimation and difference comparison on each battery unit, and further accurately and quantitatively compensate a system SOC value.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
The application discloses a passive equalization method of calculating equalization time and SOC compensation, which may be performed by a BMS (Battery Management System ). As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 4, the method for passive equalization of a battery provided by the present invention includes:
step 101: and setting a self-wake-up period of the power management chip. Setting self-wake-up period T of power management chip period . Setting a sleep time length T in a self-wake-up period sleep And a wake-up time length T wakeup And T is sleep +T wakeup =T period 。
Specifically, before the BMS is powered off, a self-wake-up configuration instruction is written into a configuration register of the power management chip, a counter in the power management chip loads an initial value according to a set wake-up period, then subtraction operation is automatically performed, and after T is passed sleep The value of the counter is reduced to 0 after the duration, then a wake-up event is triggered, the power supply management chip outputs the power supply voltage, and the main control is waken upThe chip turns on the BMS function.
Step 102: and acquiring the last shutdown time, the current startup time, the static voltage value of each battery unit and the temperature value of each battery unit. The BMS acquires the time points of last shutdown and current startup through the internal nonvolatile memory and the real-time clock chip, and calculates the interval time delta t of two uses. The BMS collects the static voltage value (V of each battery cell 1 ,V 2 ,…,V n ) And temperature value (T) 1 ,T 2 ,…,T n ) And obtains the corresponding SOC value (SOC) of each battery unit by looking up the SOC-OCV table 1 ,SOC 2 ,…,SOC n ). Wherein, last shutdown and current startup refer to startup and shutdown of the BMS.
Step 103: and determining whether the battery unit in the current self-wake-up period accords with a passive equalization starting condition according to the self-wake-up period, the last power-off time, the current power-on time, the static voltage value and the temperature value.
Step 103, specifically includes: calculating the interval time of two uses according to the last shutdown time and the current startup time; judging whether the interval time is equal to the sleep time of the self-wake-up period or not to obtain a first judging result; if the first judgment result is yes, determining that the battery unit in the current self-wake-up period is in a self-wake-up state, and determining an SOC value corresponding to each battery unit according to the static voltage value and the temperature value; judging whether the SOC value corresponding to the current highest single voltage battery cell in the current self-wake-up period is larger than the equalization protection value, and obtaining a second judgment result; if the second judgment result is yes, the battery unit in the current self-wake-up period accords with a passive equalization starting condition; if the second judgment result is negative, the battery unit in the current self-wake-up period does not accord with the condition of starting passive equalization; and if the first judgment result is yes, determining that the battery unit in the current self-wake-up period is in the artificial wake-up state. The artificial wake-up state indicates the end of equalization.
And detecting whether the battery accords with the condition of starting passive equalization in the current self-wake-up period.
More specifically, the condition for turning on passive equalization should satisfy:
r1: verifying whether the use interval time deltat is equal to the sleep duration T of the self-wake-up period sleep If Δt=t is satisfied sleep The battery is in a self-awakening state instead of an artificial awakening state, and is fully placed, and the SOC value of each battery core can be accurately obtained by checking the SOC-OCV table according to the open-circuit voltage of the battery.
R2: on the basis of meeting the R1 condition, further judging whether the SOC value corresponding to the battery cell with the highest cell voltage in all the current battery cells is larger than an equalization protection value. If the SOC of the highest voltage cell is smaller than the equalization protection value, it indicates that the electric quantity of the whole battery system is at a lower level, and passive equalization is not suitable.
On the basis of meeting the two conditions of R1 and R2 at the same time, the battery is considered to meet the condition of starting passive equalization in the current self-wake-up period, and step 104 is executed.
Step 104: and if the battery units in the current self-wake-up period meet the condition of starting the passive equalization, sequencing and grouping all the battery units currently, and determining that the passive equalization group is needed.
Step 104 specifically includes: sequencing based on the SOC values of all the battery units; setting an equalization SOC difference threshold according to the SOC value of the battery unit with the lowest voltage in all battery units; and determining a required passive equalization group according to the ordered SOC values and the equalization SOC difference threshold.
All the current battery units are ordered and marked in groups, wherein one group is marked as needing no equalization, and the other group is marked as needing passive equalization. Specifically, the basis for ordering and grouping is: based on the actual SOC of each battery cell, the cells are sorted in order from high to low, and then the cells of the higher SOC are divided into groups (G1) requiring passive equalization, while the cells of the lower SOC are divided into groups (G2) requiring no equalization.
Further, the basis of the division is to determine the SOC value SOC of the lowest voltage battery cell min And set an equalization SOC difference threshold SOC th SOC for any cell x If the SOC is satisfied x >SOC min +SOC th It is marked as requiring equalization, otherwise it is marked as not requiring equalization.
Step 105: and respectively calculating the estimated equalization time, the estimated maximum equalization time and the estimated minimum equalization time of the system of the battery units needing the passive equalization group.
For the battery cells that have been divided into the G1 groups, the equalization time for each cell and the estimated maximum and minimum equalization times for the system are calculated, respectively.
Specifically, the calculation formula of the equalization time of each battery cell is as follows:
wherein T is bal Is the time required for the equalization prediction of the cell x, SOC x Is the current SOC value and SOC of the battery unit x min Is the SOC value corresponding to the lowest voltage battery unit and SOC th Is the balanced SOC difference threshold, I bal Is the average equilibrium current, Q 0 Is rated monomer capacity, SOH x Is the state of health of the battery cell x.
In the above, the average equilibrium current I bal The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein V is x Is the current static voltage value of the battery unit x, V min Is the static voltage value of the lowest voltage battery cell, R bal The battery unit x is the resistance value of the equalizing bleeder resistor connected in parallel.
Substituting the formula average equalization current formula into the equalization time formula of each battery cell, the equalization time T of each battery cell x in the G1 group can be finally calculated bal_1 、T bal_2 、…T bal_n Wherein the maximum value T bal_max Is the estimated maximum equalization time and minimum value T of the whole system bal_min Is the estimated most of the whole systemSmall equalization time.
Step 106: calculating equalization loss capacity according to the actual equalized time of the battery units of the to-be-passively equalized group, the estimated maximum equalization time of the system, the estimated minimum equalization time of the system and the estimated equalization time; the equalization loss capacity is used to compensate for the SOC of the system.
In practical application, after step 106, it is further required to determine whether the actual equalized time reaches the maximum equalization time estimated by the system or the wake-up is finished to be in a sleep state, if yes, equalization is finished, and if not, step 106 is returned.
Calculating equalization loss capacity according to the actual equalized time of the battery unit of the to-be-passively equalized group, the estimated maximum equalization time of the system, the estimated minimum equalization time of the system and the estimated equalization time, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
when the actual equalized time is less than or equal to the minimum equalization time estimated by the system, if T is less than or equal to min { T } bal_1 ,T bal_2 ,…,T bal_n And (3) calculating the balance loss capacity according to the following formula, wherein the balanced time T is smaller than the estimated balanced time of any battery unit in the G1 group.
Wherein,to equalize the capacity loss of duration T bal_i To require the estimated equalization time, SOC, of the ith cell in the passive equalization group i Is the initial SOC of the ith battery cell, SOC tgt The target SOC is the target SOC at the end of equalization, and n is the total number of battery units in the passive equalization group; t is the actual equalized time.
When the actual equalized time is greater than the system estimated minimum equalized time and the actual equalized time is less than the system estimated maximum equalized time, i.e., if T>min{T bal_1 ,T bal_2 ,…,T bal_n And T (V)<max{T bal_1 ,T bal_2 ,…,T bal_n And (2) the equalized time T is between the minimum value and the maximum value of the estimated equalization time in the G1 group, and the equalization loss capacity is calculated according to the following formula.
Wherein k is a critical battery unit serial number with estimated equalization time equal to current actual equalization time in the system, 1~k represents a battery unit with estimated equalization time longer than current equalization time, and k+1 to n represents a battery unit with estimated equalization time shorter than current equalization time.
When the actual equalized time is greater than or equal to the minimum equalization time estimated by the system, that is, if T is greater than or equal to max { T ] bal_1 ,T bal_2 ,…,T bal_n And (3) calculating the balance loss capacity according to the following formula, wherein the balanced time T is larger than the estimated balanced time of any battery unit in the G1 group.
。
Based on the self-awakening function of the battery management system, the invention performs static equalization on the battery in the self-awakening period, accurately calculates the equalization time and the lost capacity by performing accurate capacity estimation and difference comparison on each battery unit, further quantitatively compensates the system SOC value, effectively overcomes the defects listed above in the conventional passive equalization method, and provides a better solution for the passive equalization method and corresponding parameter calculation of the battery.
As shown in fig. 1, the self-wake-up period of the BMS can be configured by the power management module in the battery management system, and the passive equalization function, the SOC compensation calculation and the like are executed in the self-wake-up period, and the specific implementation method is as follows:
s1, setting a self-wake-up period T of a power management chip through an MCU (Microcontroller Unit, micro control unit) period . Before the BMS is powered off, the MCU willWriting a self-awakening configuration instruction into a configuration register of the power management chip, and setting a sleep time length T in a self-awakening period sleep And a wake-up time length T wakeup And T is sleep +T wakeup =T period 。
After configuration is completed, MCU is powered down to sleep, the main function of BMS is closed, the power management chip can work all the time due to external power supply, the counter in the power management chip can load an initial value according to the set wake-up period, then subtraction operation is automatically performed, and after T sleep The value of the counter is reduced to 0 after the duration, a wake-up event is triggered immediately, the power supply management chip outputs the power supply voltage, the MCU is waken up, and the BMS main function is started accordingly.
As a specific embodiment of the present invention, a self-wake-up period T is set period Time length of wakeup t=24 h wakeup Time period of dormancy T =2h sleep =22h。
S2, further, after the MCU is awakened, the time t stored in the nonvolatile memory and related to the last shutdown time can be read 1 The starting time t of the current awakened moment can also be obtained by reading an internal register of the real-time clock chip 2 Then calculate the interval time Δt=t of the two uses 2 -t 1 。
And S3, the MCU controls the voltage set module to start working, and the BMS periodically collects the voltage information and the temperature information of all the battery units. The battery management system is in a self-awakening state instead of being awakened by artificial use at the moment, and no charge and discharge current exists, so that the battery is in a static state, and the acquired values are all static voltage values of the battery and are recorded as V 1 、V 2 、…V n At the same time, the temperature information of the battery unit is collected and recorded as T 1 、T 2 、…T n . According to the corresponding relation between the battery open-circuit voltage and the SOC, obtaining the corresponding SOC value of each battery unit through checking an SOC-OCV table, and recording the SOC value as the SOC 1 、SOC 2 、…SOC n 。
As one embodiment of the invention, a certain rated monomer capacity Q is selected 0 10Ah, rated cell voltage of 3.2The test was performed with a battery pack of 8S series connection for a battery with a battery life of 100% at 2V. The static voltage collection value, the temperature value and the corresponding SOC result of the battery unit are shown in table 1 during a certain self-wake-up period of the battery management system.
Table 1 BMS acquisition results during self-wake-up period
Is easy to obtain, V max =3.332V，V min =3.325V，SOC max =80%，SOC min =62%。
Based on the steps S1-S3 in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, and according to the acquisition parameters and calculation results of BMS in the self-wake-up period, an equalization strategy and a compensation method are further provided.
And S4, detecting whether the battery accords with the condition of starting passive equalization in the current self-wake-up period.
In the present embodiment, the balanced SOC protection value is set to 10%, cell 7 Corresponding SOC max =80% is higher than the equalization protection value, satisfying the condition of turning on passive equalization.
S5, sorting and grouping all the current battery units, wherein one group of battery units is marked as being in need of equalization, and the other group of battery units is marked as being in need of passive equalization.
In the present embodiment, an equalization SOC difference threshold SOC is set th =5%, and the result after 8 battery cells are ordered from big to small according to SOC values is:
①Cell 7 -80%>②Cell 4 -73%>③Cell 5 -68%>④Cell 6 -66%>⑤Cell 1 -63%>⑥Cell 3 -63%>⑦Cell 8 -63%>⑧Cell 2 -62%。
the above battery cells were subjected to grouping operation, and the SOC of (1) (2) (3) was >62% +5% =67%, and the remaining battery cells were divided into groups G1 ((1) (2) (3)) requiring passive equalization, and groups G2 ((4) (5) (6) (7) (8)) requiring no equalization.
And S6, respectively calculating the equalization time of each cell and the estimated maximum and minimum equalization time of the system for the battery cells which are already divided into the G1 group.
As shown in fig. 3, in the present embodiment, the balanced bleeder resistor R is connected in parallel with the battery cell bal The resistance values are 60 omega, and according to the formula of the equalization time and the average equalization current of each battery unit, the equalization time of 3 battery units in the G1 group can be calculated as follows:
from the calculation results, the maximum equalization time T of the whole system can be obtained bal_max =23.4h, minimum equalization time T bal_min = 1.8h。
And S7, calculating the balance loss capacity in real time according to the actual balanced time.
In this embodiment, the self-wake-up period T is 24h, where the wake-up period T is wakeup 2h. And (3) according to the step S6, the maximum equalization time of the system is 23.4h, and the minimum equalization time is 1.8h. Therefore, in 2 hours of the BMS wake-up operation, as the actual equalized time T increases, the situation of calculating the equalization loss capacity of the system will also change, and the specific calculation process is as follows:
when 0< T <1.8h, the condition of the first situation is satisfied, and the equilibrium capacity loss is:
when T is less than or equal to 1.8h and less than or equal to 2h, the condition of the second condition is met, and the balance capacity loss is as follows:
further, the capacity loss of the battery system due to passive equalization in one self-wake-up period can be calculated. I.e. t=t wakeup When=2h, the equalization capacity loss in one wakeup period is:
from the above calculations, it can be seen that the passive equalization of capacity loss has a certain effect on the actual SOC of the system, which is more pronounced on small capacity battery systems. If this loss value is directly ignored, the accumulated error will become larger and larger, resulting in a larger deviation of the SOC of the whole system.
S8, compensating the SOC of the system according to the real-time capacity loss value calculated in the step S7.
The invention also provides a passive equalization system of the battery, which comprises:
the setting module is used for setting the self-wake-up period of the power management chip.
The acquisition module is used for acquiring the last shutdown time, the current startup time, the static voltage value of each battery unit and the temperature value of each battery unit.
And the passive equalization condition determining module is used for determining whether the battery unit in the current self-wake-up period accords with the passive equalization condition according to the self-wake-up period, the last power-off time, the current power-on time, the static voltage value and the temperature value.
And the sequencing and grouping module is used for sequencing and grouping all the current battery units if the battery units in the current self-wake-up period meet the condition of starting the passive equalization, and determining a required passive equalization group.
The calculation module is used for calculating the estimated equalization time, the estimated maximum equalization time and the estimated minimum equalization time of the system of the battery units needing the passive equalization group respectively.
The equalization loss capacity determining module is used for calculating the equalization loss capacity according to the actual equalized time of the battery units of the to-be-passively equalized group, the estimated maximum equalization time of the system, the estimated minimum equalization time of the system and the estimated equalization time; the equalization loss capacity is used to compensate for the SOC of the system.
As an alternative embodiment, the passive equalization condition determining module specifically includes:
and the interval time determining unit is used for calculating the interval time used for two times according to the last shutdown time and the current startup time.
And the first judging unit is used for judging whether the interval time is equal to the sleep time length of the self-wake-up period or not to obtain a first judging result.
And the self-wake-up state determining unit is used for determining that the battery unit in the current self-wake-up period is in the self-wake-up state and determining the SOC value corresponding to each battery unit according to the static voltage value and the temperature value if the first judging result is yes.
And the second judging unit is used for judging whether the SOC value corresponding to the current highest single voltage cell in the battery unit in the current self-wake-up period is larger than the equalization protection value or not, and obtaining a second judging result.
And the passive equalization condition accords with the determining unit, and is used for enabling the battery unit to accord with the passive equalization condition in the current self-wake-up period if the second judging result is yes.
And the passive equalization condition does not accord with the determining unit, and if the second judging result is negative, the battery unit in the current self-wake-up period does not accord with the passive equalization condition.
And the artificial wake-up state unit is used for determining that the battery unit in the current self-wake-up period is in the artificial wake-up state if the first judgment result is yes.
As an alternative embodiment, the sorting and grouping module specifically includes:
and the sequencing unit is used for sequencing based on the SOC values of all the battery units.
And the setting unit is used for setting an equalization SOC difference threshold according to the SOC value of the battery unit with the lowest voltage in all the battery units.
And the grouping unit is used for determining a passive equalization group according to the ordered SOC values and the equalization SOC difference threshold.
The present invention also provides an electronic device including: one or more processors; a storage device having one or more programs stored thereon; the one or more programs, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to implement the methods.
The invention also provides a computer storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein the computer program when executed by a processor implements the method.
According to the invention, through static estimation and comparison of the capacities of the battery units, the time required by the passive equalization process and the lost capacity are accurately calculated, and the current SOC is quantitatively compensated, so that the problem of inaccurate system SOC value caused by neglecting the loss of current on the equalization resistor is solved. By making a passive equalization strategy, the passive equalization function is executed in the BMS self-wake-up process, the equalization state of each battery is observed, the equalization current and the equalization time of each battery are calculated, the capacity loss in the equalization process is calculated in sequence, and finally the SOC is compensated according to the capacity loss value.
The invention has the following advantages:
according to the invention, periodic self-awakening of the BMS is realized through the power management module, static equalization is carried out on the battery during awakening, and the problem that the SOC of each battery unit cannot be accurately estimated due to the fact that the acquired voltage value is not the true OCV value of the battery when the polarization reaction of the battery is not completely dissipated at the final stage of charging in the conventional equalization method is avoided.
The invention utilizes the SOC-OCV table to accurately acquire the SOC value of each static battery unit, then orders the static battery units into groups, and determines the balanced opening and closing conditions.
The invention provides a calculation general formula of the equalization time, and the equalization time of all the battery units needing to be equalized can be calculated by using the general formula, so that the maximum equalization time and the minimum equalization time in the whole system can be calculated.
The invention provides a quantitative calculation method for balancing capacity loss and SOC compensation, which carries out classified discussion on the balanced time of a system and provides calculation formulas for the capacity loss and the SOC compensation under different conditions.
The invention describes the capacity loss on the bleeder resistor during the passive equalization by calculating the specific embodiment, has a certain influence on the actual SOC of the system, is more obvious on a small-capacity battery system, can effectively solve the problem, and provides a better solution for the passive equalization method of the battery and corresponding parameter calculation.
In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other. For the system disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant points refer to the description of the method section.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein with reference to specific examples, the description of which is intended only to assist in understanding the methods of the present invention and the core ideas thereof; also, it is within the scope of the present invention to be modified by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the present teachings. In view of the foregoing, this description should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method of passive equalization of a battery, comprising:
setting a self-wake-up period of a power management chip;
acquiring the last shutdown time, the current startup time, the static voltage value of each battery unit and the temperature value of each battery unit;
determining whether the battery unit in the current self-wake-up period accords with a passive equalization starting condition according to the self-wake-up period, the last power-off time, the current power-on time, the static voltage value and the temperature value;
if the battery units in the current self-wake-up period meet the condition of starting passive equalization, sequencing and grouping all the battery units currently, and determining a passive equalization group;
respectively calculating estimated equalization time, estimated maximum equalization time of a system and estimated minimum equalization time of the system of the battery units needing the passive equalization group;
the expression of the estimated equalization time of the battery unit is:
wherein T is bal Is the time required for the equalization prediction of the cell x, SOC x Is the current SOC value and SOC of the battery unit x min SOC value, SOC of the battery cell having the lowest voltage th Is the balanced SOC difference threshold, I bal Is the average equilibrium current, Q 0 Is rated monomer capacity, SOH x Is the state of health of cell x; sequencing based on the SOC values of all the battery units; setting an equalization SOC difference threshold according to the SOC value of the battery unit with the lowest voltage in all battery units;
calculating equalization loss capacity according to the actual equalized time of the battery units of the to-be-passively equalized group, the estimated maximum equalization time of the system, the estimated minimum equalization time of the system and the estimated equalization time; the equalization loss capacity is used for compensating the SOC of the system;
calculating equalization loss capacity according to the actual equalized time of the battery unit of the to-be-passively equalized group, the estimated maximum equalization time of the system, the estimated minimum equalization time of the system and the estimated equalization time, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
when the actual equalized time is smaller than or equal to the minimum equalization time estimated by the system, calculating the equalization loss capacity according to the following formula;
therein, sOC loss To equalize the capacity loss of duration T bal_i To require the estimated equalization time, SOC, of the ith cell in the passive equalization group i Is the initial SOC of the ith battery cell, SOC tgt The target SOC is the target SOC at the end of equalization, and n is the total number of battery units in the passive equalization group; t is the actual equalized time;
when the actual equalized time is greater than the estimated minimum equalized time of the system and the actual equalized time is less than the estimated maximum equalized time of the system, calculating the equalized loss capacity according to the following formula;
wherein k is a critical battery unit serial number of which the estimated equalization time is equal to the current actual equalized time in the system, 1-k represent battery units of which the estimated equalization time is longer than the current equalized time, and k+1-n represent battery units of which the estimated equalization time is shorter than the current equalized time;
when the actual equalized time is greater than or equal to the minimum equalization time estimated by the system, calculating the equalization loss capacity according to the following formula;
2. the method for passive equalization of a battery according to claim 1, wherein determining whether the battery unit in the current self-wakeup period meets the condition of opening passive equalization according to the self-wakeup period, the last shutdown time, the current startup time, the static voltage value and the temperature value comprises:
calculating the interval time of two uses according to the last shutdown time and the current startup time;
judging whether the interval time is equal to the sleep time of the self-wake-up period or not to obtain a first judging result;
if the first judgment result is yes, determining that the battery unit in the current self-wake-up period is in a self-wake-up state, and determining an SOC value corresponding to each battery unit according to the static voltage value and the temperature value;
judging whether the SOC value corresponding to the current highest single voltage battery cell in the current self-wake-up period is larger than the equalization protection value, and obtaining a second judgment result;
if the second judgment result is yes, the battery unit in the current self-wake-up period accords with a passive equalization starting condition;
if the second judgment result is negative, the battery unit in the current self-wake-up period does not accord with the condition of starting passive equalization;
and if the first judgment result is negative, determining that the battery unit in the current self-wake-up period is in the artificial wake-up state.
3. The method for passive equalization of a battery as defined in claim 2, wherein if the battery cells in the current self-wake-up period meet the condition of turning on passive equalization, all the battery cells are ordered and grouped, and the determination of the need for passive equalization group comprises:
sequencing based on the SOC values of all the battery units;
setting an equalization SOC difference threshold according to the SOC value of the battery unit with the lowest voltage in all battery units;
and determining a required passive equalization group according to the ordered SOC values and the equalization SOC difference threshold.
4. A passive equalization system for a battery, comprising:
the setting module is used for setting the self-wake-up period of the power management chip;
the acquisition module is used for acquiring the last shutdown time, the current startup time, the static voltage value of each battery unit and the temperature value of each battery unit;
the passive equalization condition determining module is used for determining whether the battery unit in the current self-wake-up period accords with the passive equalization condition according to the self-wake-up period, the last power-off time, the current power-on time, the static voltage value and the temperature value;
the sequencing and grouping module is used for sequencing and grouping all the current battery units if the battery units in the current self-wake-up period meet the condition of starting passive equalization, and determining a required passive equalization group;
the calculation module is used for calculating the estimated equalization time, the estimated maximum equalization time and the estimated minimum equalization time of the system of the battery units needing the passive equalization group respectively;
the expression of the estimated equalization time of the battery unit is:
wherein T is bal Is the time required for the equalization prediction of the cell x, SOC x Is the current SOC value and SOC of the battery unit x min SOC value, SOC of the battery cell having the lowest voltage th Is the balanced SOC difference threshold, I bal Is the average equilibrium current, Q 0 Is rated monomer capacity, SOH x Is the state of health of cell x; sequencing based on the SOC values of all the battery units; setting an equalization SOC difference threshold according to the SOC value of the battery unit with the lowest voltage in all battery units;
the equalization loss capacity determining module is used for calculating the equalization loss capacity according to the actual equalized time of the battery units of the to-be-passively equalized group, the estimated maximum equalization time of the system, the estimated minimum equalization time of the system and the estimated equalization time; the equalization loss capacity is used for compensating the SOC of the system;
calculating equalization loss capacity according to the actual equalized time of the battery unit of the to-be-passively equalized group, the estimated maximum equalization time of the system, the estimated minimum equalization time of the system and the estimated equalization time, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
when the actual equalized time is smaller than or equal to the minimum equalization time estimated by the system, calculating the equalization loss capacity according to the following formula;
therein, sOC loss To equalize the capacity loss of duration T bal_i To require the estimated equalization time, SOC, of the ith cell in the passive equalization group i Is the initial SOC of the ith battery cell, SOC tgt The target SOC is the target SOC at the end of equalization, and n is the total number of battery units in the passive equalization group; t is the actual equalized time;
when the actual equalized time is greater than the estimated minimum equalized time of the system and the actual equalized time is less than the estimated maximum equalized time of the system, calculating the equalized loss capacity according to the following formula;
wherein k is a critical battery unit serial number of which the estimated equalization time is equal to the current actual equalized time in the system, 1-k represent battery units of which the estimated equalization time is longer than the current equalized time, and k+1-n represent battery units of which the estimated equalization time is shorter than the current equalized time;
when the actual equalized time is greater than or equal to the minimum equalization time estimated by the system, calculating the equalization loss capacity according to the following formula;
5. the passive equalization system of claim 4, wherein the passive equalization condition determination module comprises:
the interval time determining unit is used for calculating the interval time used for two times according to the last shutdown time and the current startup time;
the first judging unit is used for judging whether the interval time is equal to the sleep time of the self-wake-up period or not to obtain a first judging result;
the self-wake-up state determining unit is used for determining that the battery unit in the current self-wake-up period is in the self-wake-up state and determining the SOC value corresponding to each battery unit according to the static voltage value and the temperature value if the first judging result is yes;
the second judging unit is used for judging whether the SOC value corresponding to the current highest single voltage cell in the battery unit in the current self-wake-up period is larger than the equalization protection value or not, and obtaining a second judging result;
the passive equalization condition accords with the determining unit, and is used for if the second judging result is yes, the battery unit accords with the passive equalization condition in the current self-wake-up period;
the passive equalization condition does not accord with the determining unit, and if the second judging result is no, the battery unit in the current self-wake-up period does not accord with the passive equalization condition;
and the artificial wake-up state unit is used for determining that the battery unit in the current self-wake-up period is in the artificial wake-up state if the first judging result is negative.
6. The passive equalization system of a battery of claim 5, wherein the sequencing and grouping module comprises:
a sorting unit for sorting based on the SOC values of all the battery cells;
the setting unit is used for setting an equalization SOC difference threshold according to the SOC value of the battery unit with the lowest voltage in all the battery units;
and the grouping unit is used for determining a passive equalization group according to the ordered SOC values and the equalization SOC difference threshold.
7. An electronic device, comprising:
one or more processors;
a storage device having one or more programs stored thereon;
the one or more programs, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to implement the method of any of claims 1-3.
8. A computer storage medium, characterized in that a computer program is stored thereon, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the method according to any of claims 1 to 3.
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