CN1169880A - 针头保护装置 - Google Patents
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- A61M5/178—Syringes
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- A61M5/32—Needles; Details of needles pertaining to their connection with syringe or hub; Accessories for bringing the needle into, or holding the needle on, the body; Devices for protection of needles
- A61M5/3205—Apparatus for removing or disposing of used needles or syringes, e.g. containers; Means for protection against accidental injuries from used needles
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- A61M5/3243—Means for protection against accidental injuries by used needles being axially-extensible, e.g. protective sleeves coaxially slidable on the syringe barrel
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Abstract
一防护套可安全可靠地将管道尖头锁在其内的内室中,其包括一有内室的细长主体和一沿主体整长穿过内室延伸的轴向通孔,管道可滑动地接收通过内室和通孔。内室中有包括一用以接收穿过其中的管道的孔的、且随管道尖头的缩回而位移的移动部件,借此阻止管道尖头再次推进。移动部件是圆环、有通孔的刚性球或一对其一受弹簧偏移且各有偏置孔的锥形部件。尖头附近管道有加厚部,防护套后部有一圆环。穿过的通孔比管道加厚部的直径小,使管道尖头不能缩回。
Description
本发明一般涉及用于保护医务人员免受伤害的扎伤防护装置。更具体地说,本发明涉及具有防止回收的针头通过内部组件再次***的针头保护组件。
在医院、诊所和其它保健机构中的每个人的医疗护理经常包括通过管道、针头或注射器来取血样、静脉供给药物以及导入或排出其它液体。目前的医疗环境中存在着诸如获得性免疫缺陷综合症(爱滋病)这些无法治愈而又通过血液或血液接触进行传播的疾病。这种医疗环境与污染″针头粘附″的可能性日益相关。
在本发明的已有技术领域中业已提供了各种用于防止接触偶然污染的″针头粘附″的装置。例如,Purdy等人的美国专利5,215,528 (此后称为Purdy)中公开了一种将导管引入血管的装置,在该装置中有一个针头护套。Purdy装置的针头护套有一个可弹性变形的L形部件,该部件在管道缩回到护套内之前一直保持变形状态。一旦收回时,L形件弹到一个可防止注射针再次***的位置上。人为地使L形部件复位是使管道从护套中再次伸出所必需的。
Byrne等人的美国专利4,826,490(此后称为Byrne)中公开了一种安全护套和注射器组件,其中管道穿过圆柱形外套筒延伸,套筒滑动的装在注射器的外表面的滑道上。相对于管道和注射器滑动的圆柱形外部套筒,亦即管道完全缩进套筒中,它使锁紧机构能啮合在注射器和套筒之间,由此,当使用者没有脱开锁紧组件,管道就不能从套筒中推出。
Lemieux的美国专利5,127,905中公开了一种与如上所述Purdy公开的装置类似的保护帽。在Lemieux装置中,沿保护帽的轴配置一个装在外面的L形转动杆,一旦管道缩回,该杆通过使用者手动的操作防止管道从保护帽中再次伸出。手动的沿管道的路径缩回的外部的L形杆,使管道能再次伸出。
以上所述的每种装置都包括用于一旦管道缩进护套内通过阻碍管暴露的防止″针头粘附″的装置。然而,在每一装置中,都可通过移开或脱离阻挡装置而使管道套再次伸出。在Purdy和Lemieux公开的装置中,使用者可以缩回L形部件,而在Byrne中,该装置包括一个用于打开锁紧组件的简单装置。对于这些装置的使用者要考虑的是,如果配置用于脱开锁紧部件的装置,偶然的力就会暴露被污染的管道,这样就会给医务人员带来危险。各种包括装在外面的″针头粘附″防护装置都存在着这种影响。
因此,本发明的主要目的是提供一种包括防止被污染的管道曝露的元件或组件的注射针护套。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种不会危及生命的针头护套,由此管道不会由于施加偶然的外力穿过护套再次伸出。
本发明的又一目的是提供一种要安全可靠的针头护套。
本发明的其它目的和优点,从下面的说明和所附的权利要求书将会更加清楚。
本发明提供的针头护套包括一内室和一轴向通路,管道可沿此通路延伸,其中内室有一组含通孔的可移动部件,这些元件的首次定向,以便通孔可以共轴并与轴向通路成直线,从而使管道可以穿过护套延伸。使用之后,一旦管道已经被污染,即缩回管道(或沿管道轴推进护套),以便使针头从可移动部件的通孔中退出。一旦脱离管道的定位影响,可移动部件便迅速随意放置。通过使这些部件不再对齐,可防止管道沿轴向通路再次推进。
在本发明的各个实施例中,这组部件包括例如环、球、以及安装联锁锥形组件的弹簧。更具体地说,在第一实施例中,圆柱形防护套包括一可延其细长轴延伸的轴向通孔。这个护套包括一内室,其内装有一对金属环。这对环的内径等于或大于管道外径。在该实施例的一个优选变型中,这对环的每一环的外径是互不相同的。
使用之前,管道穿过护套定位,其中环围绕管道轴安置。管道使环的内孔保持共轴。一旦管道已***病人体内并拨出,护套与管道彼此相对移动。管道沿护套的轴向通路缩回到一个位置,在该位置内,管道轴从环中退出的位置上,且使环可随意放置。一旦环随意放置,即可防止管道再次***。
在第一实施例的优选变型中,环的相应外径是不同的,这个相对尺寸上的差别可增强环的随意性。
在第二实施例中,具有一个与上述的第一实施例中相似的轴向通孔和内室的细长护套。在内室中安置了至少一个具有通孔的刚性球件。使用之前,首先使管道沿轴间通过护套的轴向通孔和至少一个刚性球的通孔进行定位。在该方向上各个通孔准直地共轴。管道提供了校准装置,借此至少一个刚性球的通孔与护套的通孔基本保持共轴。
一旦使用并由此被污染,管道沿护套的通孔缩回并从至少一个刚性球的通孔中退出。一旦刚性球和护套各自的通孔不再保持同轴排列,至少一个刚性球可阻止管道通过护套再次***。应该认识到,优选的是采用多个刚性球,因此,多个球的取向的随意性显得更加难以克服。
在第三实施例中,提供了一种具有一通孔和一内室的类似的护套部件。其中配有一对配套锥形部件,每一部件包括一个偏置通孔。这对锥形部件之一是弹簧支撑的,以便使其偏置到与另一部件成套布置的位置上,在此,使偏置通孔不同轴。然而,在其初次定向中,锥形部件被隔开支托,使得偏置孔同轴定位。穿过这两个部件的和护套的通孔的管道对抗弹簧的偏置力,使锥形部件保持在同轴的位置上。
一旦管道已经使用,则其缩回到护套中并从锥形部件的通孔中退出。然后弹簧将锥形部分移到呈完全配套的配置中,从而使通孔彼此不同轴。在该实施例的一个特别优选的变型中,弹簧进一步还使另一锥形部件移动,从而使其偏置孔不再与护套的通孔同轴。
在每一实施例中,管道在尖头附近包括一个径向加厚的部分也是较为可取的。护套中的通孔的前部和内室中的部件(例如环、球和锥形组件)的通孔都大得足以使较厚部分通过其缩回。然而,在优选的变型中,护套的通孔的后部窄得足能使不加厚的轴收回,而较厚的部分受到阻碍,不能自始至终地通过护套收回。在这些变型中,一旦管道的尖头已经通过内室收回并从位于内的部件的通孔中退出,管道将不能推进或进一步的缩回,因此避免了由于偶然″针头粘附″而导致受伤和/或感染的可能性。
图1是包括导管、管道、注射器以及本发明的防护套的医疗器具的侧视图。
图2是本发明的包括一对金属环部件及管道处于初始位置的一个实施例的侧剖面图。
图3是图2所示本发明的实施例的剖视图,其中,管道已缩回,并且这对环已随意放置。
图4是本发明的另一实施例的剖视图,其中包括一对位于内室具有通孔的刚性球及管道处于初始位置。
图5是图4所示本发明的实施例的剖视图,其中管道已缩回,并且该对的刚性球已随意放置。
图6是本发明的又一实施例的剖视图,其中包括一对具有偏置通孔的配套锥形部件,这对部件处于不完全配套的位置上,而管道处于初始位置上。
图7是图6所示本发明的实施例的剖视图,其中管道已缩回且该对配套锥形部件通过弹簧偏置已完全配套。
本发明涉及皮下注射用的针头领域,尤其是涉及用于将导管***血管的装置。现在参照附图,图1示出了具有防护套20的导管***装置10。以侧视图示出的装置10包括在其基底具有圆环14的注射器主体12和可在注射器主体12内平移的标准滑动塞件16。管道18从环14向外轴向延伸;管道18内窄的空心内通路提供了自注射器至体12的内部容积到外部的连接,通过该连接使液体可以流动。
管道18从圆环14通过所构成的护套20向外延伸,使管道18可以通过其轴向地***并使管道18和护套20可以彼此相对移动。图1所示的实施例旨在用于将导管***血管,装置10还包括导管25。导管25包括一细长狭窄的软管24,管道18在导管***病人体内之前先穿过软管24。导管25还包括一具有加宽的接收口26的套筒22,防护套20的一部分首先套在套筒22内。防护套20的套入部分21以虚线表示。因此,管道18从注射器主体12的环14依次通过防护套20、管道套筒22的较宽接收口26,最后通过细长狭窄的软管24向外延伸。
在使用时管道18,穿过狭窄的软管24安置,从而能通过病人的皮肤穿刺和***软管24,将软管24定位在所要求的血管内。如果管24在血管内的位置正确,则使用者可从病人身上拨出管道18而不取出导管25,此处配有一个开口的管,医护人员可通过此管抽血,或者直接向血管中输入合适的药物。
在已有技术的装置中,将管道从病人身上拨出以及将注射器和管道从相应的导管上拿下的过程都使医护人员暴露在已被病人血液污染的管道18的锐利尖头下。按照本发明,导管道筒22的接收口26和防护套20的外表面在装置10的初始设置中可松脱地相匹配。在拨出注射器10和管道18时间,防护套20和接收口26保持匹配连接,直到管道18的尖头完全缩到防护套20中为止。一旦管道18的尖头完全缩收,防护套20便从导管道筒22中脱出。在本技术领域中具有各种使防护套20可松脱地与导管道筒22的接收口26相匹配的机构,其中任何一种机构都可用于本发明的装置中。这类可释放的匹配装置可通过收回管道18的尖头可人工地操作或自动地操作。
现在参照图2,它是本发明的防护套20的第一实施例的侧剖面图,其中所示的管道18、导管25和防护套20处以初始的预***位置。管道18穿过防护套20和导管25轴向延伸,而防护套20套在导管道筒22的接收口26内。
下面对防护套20进行具体说明,防护套包括具有轴向通孔的、细长的通常为圆柱形的主体101,轴向通孔100从锥形前部102穿过具有内室104的后部106延伸。后部106包括一具有中心孔105的薄环107,中心孔105的直径与管道18的直径精确地相同。一对环108,110位于内室104中,管道18穿过这对环进行初始定位。另外,环108,110可在内室104中彼此任意相对移动。而且,环108,110的直径最好具有不同的直径。
现在参照图3,这是图2所示装置的剖视图,其中管道18已从导管道筒22中缩回。应该理解,图3中所示的与防护套20保持配套的导管道筒22在管道18缩到图中所示位置之前已经松脱。正如所示的,内室104之外的管道18的尖头116的缩回使得环108,110彼此之间以及防护套20的轴向通孔100都不能同轴排列。一旦脱离由管道18的轴所提供的轴向排列,这两个环就可以随意放置。而且环直径上的差异以便增加直的管道18可穿过其定位的那些通道的相对排列的随意性。
一旦环已经随意放置,即可阻止管道18穿过防护套20向前推进。为了防止管道18完全从防护套20中退出,管道18的尖头116配有一个与尖头116隔开的较加厚部分118,两者之间的距离小于从内室到位于后部的环107的长度。轴向通孔100以及导管25的内部通道103具有足够的大直径,以便加厚部分118穿过它缩回,然而,位于后部的环107的中心孔105的直径太窄,以便使加厚部分118不能通过。其结果是防止尖头116从防护套20中完全缩回,但是尖头116可收缩得足够远,使得环可以自由地随意放置。
现在参照图4和5,这是本发明的第二实施例的剖面图,其中管道18和防护套20在图中分别处于初始位置和缩回的位置。该实施例包括一对分别具有通孔124,126的刚性球120,122,这对球代替了第一实施例中的环108,110。更具体地说,防护套主体20包括一轴向通孔100,管道18穿过此通孔处于初始位置。在初始位置上,每个球120,122分别包括一个通孔124,126,这两个孔(如图4所示)彼此由管道18定向同轴排列。图5所示是在一旦已去掉管道,球120,122的随意地放置。
应该理解,所用的环或球的数目只是一个技术手段,在任何情况下都不会改变本发明的教导。人们可选择包括于两个的环或球以便使定位更加完全随意,由于定向的随意化,因此,能更加完善地阻止管道前进。
现在参照图6和图7,这是本发明的第三实施例的剖视图,其中所示的防护套中分别示出了,管道在初始的完全***的位置和缩回的位置。在图6中,防护套200包括与第一和第二实施例中的防护套20的通孔100类似的轴向通孔202。然而,在此实施例中,内室204具有在形状上呈锥形的向前表面205。在室204中,有一对锥形部件210,212。后面的锥体210通过弹簧218安装到室204的后表面207上,弹簧218使锥体210向前偏置。前面的锥体212所处的位置可以使其将后面的锥体210接收进来,两者成完全配套的取向,而不会与任何固定装置匹配。另外,每个锥形部件包括从各自的锥形部件210,212的中心线偏移的孔214,216。
在初始位置上,管道18穿过防护套200和锥形部件210,212中的孔214,216完全***,而锥形部件210,212必须相对于其完全配套的位置进行位移,以使各自的孔214,216可以同轴排列。如图6中所示,前面的锥形部件212向上位移,以使其内的偏置孔216与防护套200的通孔202对准。后面的锥形部件210相应地向下位移,以使其偏置孔214也同轴排列。在此位置上,被压缩的弹簧218将后面的锥形部件210耦合到室204的后表面207上。
一旦管道18穿过锥形部件210,212的孔214,216缩回(如图7中所示),偏置弹簧218强制后面的锥形部件210向前与前面的锥形部件212完全配套的位置上。在如此运作时,前面的锥形部件212向下位移,其最前端的尖头222进入通孔202中,而后面的锥形部件210相对于其初始位置向上位移。按这种定位,锥体210,212的偏置孔214,216不再彼此相互对齐,也不再与通孔202对齐。另外,管道18不能穿过防护套200向前推进,因为管道18最开始穿过的孔在弹簧的偏置下已不再彼此对齐。应该理解,配套部件210,212的锥体形状形状阻止管道18将这些部件压回到初始设置中。还应该理解,弹簧的偏置提供了一个力,这个力可消除这些部件通过随机运动再彼此对齐以及与通孔202对齐的任何因素。
正如先前对第一实和第2实施例所进行的描述,优选的是,管道18包括一与其尖头116适当隔开的轴的加厚部分118,这个加厚部分118被位于后部的环107的软窄直径的中心孔105咬合,因此加厚部分不可能再通过中心孔105。其结果是,阻止尖头116从防护套20中完全缩回,但是却能缩回得足够远,以使锥形部件可以任意地充分配套。
虽然本发明已经对特定的用于防止带有被污染针头的″针头粘附″的护套进行了描述和说明,但应该明白,本专业的技术人员可以作出各种变换和改进,但它们都没有脱离本发明精神和原则,而它们都限定在所附的权利要求中。
Claims (15)
1.一种用于将管道尖头锁在其内的防护套,包括;
一个具有一内室的细长主体,所述细长主体可滑动地安装在所述管道上;
一个沿细长主体的整个轴向长度从主体前部穿过所述内室和所述主体后部延伸的通孔,所述管道可穿过此通孔滑动;以及
至少一个位于所述内室中的部件,所述的至少一个部件具有一个用于接受从中穿过的所述管道的孔,所述部件根据所述管道尖头的缩回进行位移,以便防止所述管道穿过所述防护套的前部再次推进。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防护套,其特征在于所述的至少一个部件包括多个圆环。
3.根据权利要求2所述的防护套,其特征在于所述的多个圆环包括指的是一对环。
4.根据权利要求2所述的防护套,其特征在于所述多个圆环的每一个都具有不同的外径。
5.根据权利要求1所述的防护套,其特征在于所述的至少一个部件包括多个具有通孔的刚性球。
6.根据权利要求1所述的防护套,其特征在于所述的至少一个部件包括一对刚性球。
7.根据权利要求1所述的防护套,其特征在于所述的至少一个部件包括一对锥形部件,每个锥形部件具有一个偏置的通孔。
8.根据权利要求7所述的防护套,其特征在于所述这对锥形部件的第一个部件在内室中被弹簧偏移,由此所述管道的缩回使得所述对的所述第一部件完全套在所述对的另一部件内,其中所述偏置通孔不再对齐,从而阻止所述管道尖头穿过所述防护套的所述前部再次推进。
9.一种将管道尖头锁在其内的防护套,包括:
一个具有一内室的细长主体,所述细长主体可滑动地安装在所述管道上;
一个沿细长主体的整个轴向长度从主体前部穿过所述内室和所述主体后部延伸的通孔,所述管道可穿过此通孔滑动;以及
位于所述内室中的至少一个可随机定位的部件,所述的至少一个随机化部件具有一个用于接收从中穿过的所述管道的孔,所述的至少一个部件由于所述管道尖头的缩回而随机定位,从而阻止所述管道尖头穿过所述防护套再次推进。
10.根据权利要求9所述的防护套,其特征在于所述的至少一个可随机定位的部件包括多个圆环。
11.根据权利要求10所述的防护套,其特征在于所述的至少一个可随机定位的部件包括多个具有通孔的刚性球。
12.一种将管道尖锁在其内的防护套,包括:
一个具有一内室的细长主体,所述细长主体可滑动地安装在所述管道上;
一个沿细长主体的整个轴向长度从主体前部穿过所述内室和所述主体后部延伸的通孔,所述管道可穿过此通孔滑动;以及
一对在所述内室中位移的移动部件,所述这对的每一部件具有一个用于接收从中穿过的所述管道的孔,其中所述这对的至少一个部件被弹簧偏移的,以便所述管道尖头的缩回使这对部件彼此相对移动,从而阻止所述管道尖头穿过所述防护套再次推进。
13.根据权利要求12所述的防护套,其特征在于所述这对移动部件包括一对锥形部件,所述锥形部件的每一个都具有一个偏置通孔,并且所述这对锥形部件的第一部件相对于另一部件被弹簧偏移。
14.一种管道防护装置,包括:
一个具有一尖头和一个轴的细长管道;
一个具有一内室的细长主体,所述细长主体可滑动地安装在所述管道的所述轴上;
一个沿轴长主体的整个轴向长度从主体前部穿过所述内室和所述主体后部延伸的通孔,所述管道可穿过此通孔滑动;以及
位于所述内室中的至少一个部件,所述的至少一个部件具有一个用于接收从中穿过的所述管道的孔,所述部件根据所述管道尖头的缩回进行位移,以便阻止所述管道尖头穿过所述防护套的前部随后再次推进。
15.根据权利要求14所述的管道防护装置,其特征在于所述细长管道在所述尖头附近还包括一个加厚部分,穿过所述后部延伸的通孔的直径小于所述管道的所述厚部分的直径,由此管道尖不能从所述细长主体中收回。
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-
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- 1995-06-07 US US08/482,595 patent/US5683365A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1996
- 1996-05-22 IL IL11839196A patent/IL118391A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-05-24 NZ NZ286664A patent/NZ286664A/en unknown
- 1996-05-30 AU AU54629/96A patent/AU718144B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1996-05-30 SG SG1996009933A patent/SG47145A1/en unknown
- 1996-06-05 CA CA002178303A patent/CA2178303C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-06-05 BR BR9602662A patent/BR9602662A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-06-05 KR KR1019960020709A patent/KR100499736B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-06-06 RU RU96111022/14A patent/RU2170594C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-06-06 NO NO19962381A patent/NO313688B1/no unknown
- 1996-06-06 ZA ZA9604781A patent/ZA964781B/xx unknown
- 1996-06-06 DE DE69624983T patent/DE69624983T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-06-06 ES ES96304197T patent/ES2187619T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-06-06 EP EP96304197A patent/EP0750917B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-06-06 AR ARP960103018A patent/AR002378A1/es unknown
- 1996-06-06 JP JP8165180A patent/JPH09108346A/ja active Pending
- 1996-06-07 CO CO96029679A patent/CO4520189A1/es unknown
- 1996-06-07 CN CNB961109351A patent/CN1155417C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-08-19 TW TW088211918U patent/TW417483U/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2003082383A1 (fr) * | 2002-03-29 | 2003-10-09 | Shanghai Kindly Enterprise Development Group Co. Ltd. | Dispositif de securite d'aiguille medicale |
CN100544788C (zh) * | 2002-06-20 | 2009-09-30 | 贝克顿·迪金森公司 | 带有针罩的导管和导入器针组件 |
CN101628144B (zh) * | 2002-06-20 | 2013-03-06 | 贝克顿·迪金森公司 | 带有针罩的导管和导入器针组件 |
CN100469396C (zh) * | 2004-08-05 | 2009-03-18 | 浙江康德莱医疗器械股份有限公司 | 一种安全医用注射针 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NO962381D0 (no) | 1996-06-06 |
IL118391A0 (en) | 1996-09-12 |
ZA964781B (en) | 1997-12-08 |
IL118391A (en) | 2001-01-28 |
AU718144B2 (en) | 2000-04-06 |
CA2178303C (en) | 2008-11-18 |
EP0750917A3 (zh) | 1997-02-12 |
EP0750917B1 (en) | 2002-11-27 |
US5683365A (en) | 1997-11-04 |
CA2178303A1 (en) | 1996-12-08 |
EP0750917A2 (en) | 1997-01-02 |
AR002378A1 (es) | 1998-03-11 |
KR970000262A (ko) | 1997-01-21 |
SG47145A1 (en) | 1998-03-20 |
DE69624983T2 (de) | 2003-07-24 |
DE69624983D1 (de) | 2003-01-09 |
BR9602662A (pt) | 1998-04-22 |
TW417483U (en) | 2001-01-01 |
RU2170594C2 (ru) | 2001-07-20 |
NZ286664A (en) | 1997-11-24 |
NO962381L (no) | 1996-12-09 |
ES2187619T3 (es) | 2003-06-16 |
JPH09108346A (ja) | 1997-04-28 |
AU5462996A (en) | 1996-12-19 |
KR100499736B1 (ko) | 2005-09-09 |
CO4520189A1 (es) | 1997-10-15 |
NO313688B1 (no) | 2002-11-18 |
CN1155417C (zh) | 2004-06-30 |
MX9602213A (es) | 1997-09-30 |
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