CN116986945B - 一种用于树木全冠移植的生根剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种用于树木全冠移植的生根剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
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- C05C5/02—Fertilisers containing other nitrates containing sodium or potassium nitrate
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G23/00—Forestry
- A01G23/02—Transplanting, uprooting, felling or delimbing trees
- A01G23/04—Transplanting trees; Devices for grasping the root ball, e.g. stump forceps; Wrappings or packages for transporting trees
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于树木全冠移植的生根剂及其制备方法和应用,属于农林业技术领域;本发明提供的生根剂包括以下质量份的组分:吲哚丁酸5‑15份、萘乙酸5‑15份、6‑苄基氨基嘌呤2‑4份、2‑环戊烯酮0.05‑0.15份、海藻酸4‑6份、硫酸锌4‑6份、硝酸钾40‑60份、硼酸0.5‑1.5份、尿素30‑60份;本发明提供的生根剂能够有效的应用于大型树木全冠移植中,能够显著的增加新根生长数量和长度,提高膜脂过氧化防御***的主要保护酶超氧化歧化酶的活力,从而降低大型树木全冠移植对树体本身造成的伤害,加快树体的恢复;并且本发明提供的生根剂的制备方法操作简单,且应用方法简便,能够适用于实际生产利用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于农林业技术领域,尤其涉及一种用于树木全冠移植的生根剂及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
植物根系良好的生长状态是树木吸收充足养分和水分的关键,直接决定树木移植后的成活与树势恢复。树木移植过程中,大量根系遭到破坏,加快新生根系重建是园林树木全冠移植复壮的关键。生根剂的使用可加快受损根系的恢复和新生根系的重建,被广泛应用在树木移植活动中。
现有专利中生根剂的制备大多以萘乙酸和吲哚丁酸等植物生长调节剂按不同比例搭配使用促进根系的生长,少量加入了营养物质和维生素的补给,但缺少提高抗逆性药剂以及植物激素增效剂的支持,同时对于大型树木的全冠移植缺乏针对性,导致移植树木的生长速度和适应环境的速度较慢,大型树木全冠移植的成活率不高。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服上述现有技术的不足之处而提供一种能够有效的针对大型树木全冠移植的营养型生根剂。
为实现上述目的,在本发明的第一方面,本发明提供了一种用于树木全冠移植的生根剂,所述生根剂包括以下质量份的组分:吲哚丁酸5-15份、萘乙酸5-15份、6-苄基氨基嘌呤2-4份、2-环戊烯酮0.05-0.15份、海藻酸4-6份、硫酸锌4-6份、硝酸钾40-60份、硼酸0.5-1.5份、尿素30-60份。
本发明提供的一种生根剂中的各个组分之间具有明显的协同增效作用,能够有效的应用于大型树木全冠移植中,本发明提供的生根剂为营养型生根剂,能够显著的增加新根生长数量和长度,提高膜脂过氧化防御***的主要保护酶超氧化歧化酶(SOD)的活力,从而降低大型树木全冠移植对树体本身造成的伤害,加快树体的恢复。
具体地,吲哚丁酸能促进植物主根生长,诱发产生不定根,促进植物扦插生根及移栽作物的早生根、多生根,提高发芽率,成活率,其生理作用是促进细胞***与组织分化,加快不定根的产生。萘乙酸是促进生根的主要有效成分,能促进插条、圈枝生根,提高成活率,加速植株生长发育,促进分蘖;萘乙酸促发的新根数量少但较粗壮,与其他促进剂混合使用能使受体更多更好地生根。6-苄基氨基嘌呤是有效促进细胞***的主要成分,可促进植物细胞生长,抑制植物叶绿素的降解,提高氨基酸的含量,延缓叶片衰老等。2-环戊烯酮,别名2-环戊烯-1-酮,化学式为C5H6O,无色或淡黄色液体,对植物生长调节剂具有增效作用。海藻酸是存在海带、巨藻等褐藻细胞壁中的一种天然多糖醛酸。其所含营养全面而均衡,具有植物生长所必需的各种营养元素N、P、K、Ca、Mg、S及Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、Mo、B等微量元素,保留了海藻类生物的天然活性物质,特别是含有陆生植物所无可比拟的维生素(VC、VK、VE),能有效地促进植物生长,调控生理过程,能增强植株生命力,提高作物对干旱、冻害等不利自然环境的抵御能力。硫酸锌作为一种微量元素肥料使用,能改变植物体内有机氮和无机氮的比例,大大提高抗旱能力,促进枝叶健康生长,防止叶绿素的降解和形成碳水化合物。硝酸钾是一种无氯氮钾复肥,具有高溶解性,其有效成分氮和钾均能迅速被作物吸收,无化学物质残留。硼酸能参与叶片光合作用中碳水化合物的合成,有利其向根部输送,它还有利于蛋白质的合成、促进生长素的运转、提高植物的抗逆性。尿素是一种高浓度氮肥,属中性速效肥料,促进细胞的***和生长,使枝叶长得繁茂。
作为本发明所述生根剂的优选实施方式,所述生根剂包括以下质量份的组分:吲哚丁酸8-12份、萘乙酸8-12份、6-苄基氨基嘌呤2.5-3.5份、2-环戊烯酮0.08-0.12份、海藻酸4.5-5.5份、硫酸锌4.5-5.5份、硝酸钾45-55份、硼酸0.8-1.2份、尿素45-55份。
作为本发明所述生根剂的优选实施方式,所述生根剂包括以下质量份的组分:吲哚丁酸10份、萘乙酸10份、6-苄基氨基嘌呤3份、2-环戊烯酮0.1份、海藻酸5份、硫酸锌5份、硝酸钾50份、硼酸1份、尿素50份。
发明人研究发现,当进一步优选组分之间的重量份在上述范围,尤其是上述点值时,得到的生根剂的效果更为优异,体现为新生根数量更多且长度更长,并且SOD酶活力也更高。
在本发明的第二方面,本发明提供了所述生根剂的制备方法,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:将吲哚丁酸、萘乙酸、6-苄基氨基嘌呤、海藻酸溶解于pH值为12-14的水中,得A液;随后将硫酸锌、硝酸钾、硼酸和尿素溶于水中,得B液;最后将A液、B液和2-环戊烯酮混合,得生根剂。
优选地,所述pH值为12-14的水为经氢氧化钠调节得到。
作为本发明所述制备方法的优选实施方式,所述吲哚丁酸与pH值为12-14的水的质量体积比为(5-15)g/1L。
作为本发明所述制备方法的优选实施方式,所述吲哚丁酸与生根剂的质量体积比为(5-15)g/100L。
发明人研究发现,采用本发明所述的制备方法制备得到的产品能够最大程度的发挥组分之间的协同作用,进而取得优异的效果。
在本发明的第三方面,本发明提供了所述生根剂在树木全冠移植上的应用。
作为本发明所述应用的优选实施方式,所述应用方法为:将生根剂于移植前7天、1天和移植后7天对土球进行浇灌1次。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:
本发明提供的一种能够有效的应用于大型树木全冠移植中的生根剂,能够显著的增加新根生长数量和长度,提高膜脂过氧化防御***的主要保护酶超氧化歧化酶(SOD)的活力,从而降低大型树木全冠移植对树体本身造成的伤害,加快树体的恢复;并且本发明提供的生根剂的制备方法操作简单,且应用方法简便,能够适用于实际生产利用。
附图说明
图1为效果例2中的测试结果图;
图2为效果例3中的测试结果图。
具体实施方式
为更好的说明本发明的目的、技术方案和优点,下面将结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
本发明使用的原料或设备如无特殊说明,采用常规购买设备即可。
实施例1-5和对比例1-9
本发明实施例1-5和对比例1-9分别提供一种生根剂,所述实施例1-5和对比例1-9生根剂组分的质量(单位:g)如表1所示;
表1
实施例1的制备方法为:
(1)取1L蒸馏水,加入氢氧化钠,调节pH值为13,随后加入吲哚丁酸、萘乙酸、6-苄基氨基嘌呤、海藻酸,充分搅拌溶解,得A液;
(2)另取1L蒸馏水,往里加入硫酸锌、硝酸钾、硼酸和尿素溶解,充分搅拌均匀,得B液;
(3)往90L蒸馏水中依次缓慢加入A液、B液和2-环戊烯酮,搅拌均匀后用蒸馏水定容至100L,搅拌均匀,得生根剂。
实施例2-5和对比例1-9的制备方法和实施例1提供的制备方法一致,没有相关组分则不加入即可。
对比例10
本发明对比例提供一种生根剂,其与实施例1的唯一差别在于用吲哚乙酸替代吲哚丁酸。
效果例1
本发明效果例验证实施例1-5和对比例1-10制备得到的生根剂的效果,挑选75株胸径25-30cm,树高6-8m的小叶榕,分为15组,每组5株,于每株树穴内挑选东西南北4个方向直径1.5-3cm生长良好的侧根进行横切断根,断根后0天和14天分别于15组树穴浇灌实施例1-5和对比例1-10的15种生根剂;1个月后观察各大树横切断根处的新根生长情况,统计新根的数量和长度,其中长度为平均根长;得到的结果如表2所示;
表2
从表2中可以看出,采用本发明的技术方案能够明显的提升新根的生成量和根的长度,得到的新根数量在27.9条以上,根长度在9.5cm以上;从实施例1-5和对比例8-9中可以看出,组分之间的重量份具有明显的作用,当组分的重量份不在本发明给出的范围内时,得到的生根剂应用于实际时,得到的新根产生量明显下降且新根的长度也较短;从实施例1、对比例1-5和对比例10中可以看出,无论是缺少组分中一种还是任意几种,或者是用其他类似物质进行替代,得到的生根剂的生根效力都大打折扣,与实施例1相比,对比例1-5和对比例10中新根数量减少幅度为23.23-66.18%,新根长度减少幅度为8.25-36.08%,说明本发明提供的组分是一个整体;从实施例1和对比例6-7中可以看出,即使是仅调整某一个组分的添加份数,当其添加份数不在给出的范围内时,得到的效果也明显下降。
效果例2
本发明效果例验证实施例1和对比例3制备得到的生根剂在成熟乔木实际的全冠移植中的效果;具体包括如下步骤:
选取6株胸径25-30cm,树高6-8m的小叶榕,分为2组,每组3株,进行全冠移植应用;分别于移植前7天、1天和移植后7天对直径2.5m×1.5m深的土球进行生根剂灌根1次,约100L/次;同时分别于第一次灌根后第0、7、25、50、100天采集叶片测定叶绿素、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、全氮、全磷含量和SOD酶活力。
其中采用比色法测定叶绿素含量,采用硫酸蒽酮法测定可溶性总糖含量;采用考马斯亮蓝比色法测定可溶性蛋白含量;采用采用硫酸-双氧水消解,微量凯氏定氮法测定叶片全氮含量;采用钼锑抗比色法测定叶片全磷含量;
特别需要说明的是,酶活的测定采用科铭试剂盒法参考说明书进行测定,方法简要如下:
(1)叶片酶液提取:称取约0.1g组织,加入1mL提取液(聚乙烯吡咯烷酮0.05g及少许石英砂和1mL磷酸缓冲液pH=6),进行冰浴匀浆,8000g 4℃离心10min,取上清,置冰上待测;
(2)SOD酶活测定:参考说明书依次将各试剂稀释,并在EP管中依次加入下列试剂(表3)充分混匀室温静置30min后,使用分光光度计测定各管反应液在560nm波长处吸光值A;
表3
(3)SOD酶活计算:在上述黄嘌呤氧化酶藕联反应体系中抑制百分率为50%时,反应体系中的SOD酶活力定义为一个酶活力单位(U/mL);抑制百分率=(△空白-△测定)/△空白×100%;SOD活性(U/g鲜重)=[抑制百分率÷(1-抑制百分率)×V反总]÷(W×V样÷V样总)=11.4×抑制百分率÷(1-抑制百分率)÷W;其中,V反总:反应体系总体积,1.026mL;V样:加入反应体系中样本体积,0.09mL;V样总:加入提取液体积,1mL;W:样本质量,g。
得到的测试结果如图1所示;
从图1中可以看出,施用实施例1所得产品后得到的效果明显优于施用对比例3所得产品的效果;对于叶绿素a+b含量、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量而言,实际移植中,施用实施例1所得产品的植株叶绿素含量的增幅明显高于对施用比例3所得产品的,尤其是可溶性糖含量和可溶性蛋白含量,增幅显著;对于移植后的全氮含量,在第一次灌根后的第50天施用实施例1所得产品的树木全氮含量低于施用对比例3所得产品的,但是随着时间的延长,施用实施例1所得产品的全氮含量的增幅明显增加,到第一次灌根后100天,其全氮含量明显高于施用对比例3所得产品的;对于全磷含量而言,在第一次灌根的25天内,虽然全磷含量呈现出下降的趋势,但是施用实施例1所得产品的下降幅度弱于施用对比例3所得产品的,且在第一次灌根后25天以后,全磷含量呈现出大幅提升的趋势,且施用实施例1所得产品的提升幅度显著高于施用对比例3所得产品的;对于SOD酶活而言,使用本发明实施例1所得产品移植前后SOD酶活明显增加,能够更有效地促进树木的恢复,促进新根的生长。
效果例3
本发明效果例验证实施例1制备得到的生根剂在实际的大型树木全冠移植中的效果;具体包括如下步骤:
对一棵树高约21.0m,东西冠幅约29.0m、南北冠幅约34.0m的大型小叶榕进行全冠移植应用;分别于移植前7天、1天和移植后7天对直径9m×2.5m深的土球进行生根剂灌根1次,约1000L/次;同时分别于第一次灌根后第0、7、25、50、100天采集叶片测定叶绿素、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、全氮、全磷含量和SOD酶活力。需要特别说明的是,第一次灌根后第1天和第8天分别进行开挖根部形成土球和迁移栽植。
其中采用比色法测定叶绿素含量,采用硫酸蒽酮法测定可溶性总糖含量;采用考马斯亮蓝比色法测定可溶性蛋白含量;采用采用硫酸-双氧水消解,微量凯氏定氮法测定叶片全氮含量;采用钼锑抗比色法测定叶片全磷含量;
特别需要说明的是,酶活的测定采用科铭试剂盒法参考说明书进行测定,测定方法和效果例2中一样;
得到的测试结果如图2所示,由图2可看出,叶绿素a+b、全氮和全磷含量在开挖后迅速下降,但随着实施例1所得生根剂处理而逐渐回升至开挖前的85%~95%;可溶性糖含量在开挖后有所下降,但也随着实施例1所得生根剂处理而逐渐回升至开挖前的122%;可溶性蛋白含量和SOD酶活力在开挖后并未下降,且随着实施例1所得生根剂处理而逐渐升高,其中可溶性蛋白含量升高至开挖前的106%,SOD酶活力升高至开挖前的290%。由此可以看出,本发明实施例1中提供的大型树木全冠移植专用营养型生根剂可为根系受损的树体迅速补充营养,增加抗逆性和抗衰老能力,降低树体受伤害程度,提高叶片叶绿素a+b、全氮、全磷、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量和SOD酶活力,其科学的配比能促进树木树势的快速恢复。
最后应当说明的是,以上实施例以说明本发明的技术方案而非对本发明保护范围的限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明作了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种用于树木全冠移植的生根剂,其特征在于,所述生根剂由以下质量份的组分组成:吲哚丁酸8-12份、萘乙酸8-12份、6-苄基氨基嘌呤2.5-3.5份、2-环戊烯酮0.08-0.12份、海藻酸4.5-5.5份、硫酸锌45-55份、硝酸钾45-55份、硼酸0.8-1.2份、尿素45-55份;
所述生根剂的制备方法包括以下步骤:将吲哚丁酸、萘乙酸、6-苄基氨基嘌呤、海藻酸溶解于pH值为12-14的水中,得A液;随后将硫酸锌、硝酸钾、硼酸和尿素溶于水中,得B液;最后将A液、B液和2-环戊烯酮混合,得生根剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的生根剂,其特征在于,所述生根剂包括以下质量份的组分:吲哚丁酸10份、萘乙酸10份、6-苄基氨基嘌呤3份、2-环戊烯酮0.1份、海藻酸5份、硫酸锌5份、硝酸钾50份、硼酸1份、尿素50份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的生根剂,其特征在于,所述吲哚丁酸与pH值为12-14的水的质量体积比为(5-15)g/1L。
4.根据权利要求3所述的生根剂,其特征在于,所述吲哚丁酸与生根剂的质量体积比为(5-15)g/100L。
5.如权利要求1-2任一项所述的生根剂在树木全冠移植上的应用。
6.根据权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于,所述应用方法为:将生根剂于移植前7天、1天和移植后7天对土球进行浇灌1次。
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