CN116968138A - 一种难燃防水1mm厚高密度纤维板的生产方法 - Google Patents
一种难燃防水1mm厚高密度纤维板的生产方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种难燃防水1mm厚高密度纤维板的生产方法,属于高密度纤维板技术领域,本发明公开的难燃防水1mm厚高密度纤维板的生产方法,利用超临界流体的非液非气状态,即能够溶解阻燃剂,包括DOPO和DOPO‑HQ,又能够将阻燃剂快速地带入纤维板内部,整个过程不用一滴水,阻燃浸渍时间明显缩短,实现“零”排放,环保而且高效,通过POSS以及硅溶胶溶液具有,覆盖作用,有效抑制有焰燃烧,减缓火势蔓延,降低材料燃烧时的烟气浓度和毒性,为火场疏散逃生创造条件。生产工艺操作简便,环保超薄,可应用于阻燃饰面人造板基材复贴,饰面人造板尺寸稳定性较高,装饰效果更好,具有广阔的市场前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于高密度纤维板技术领域,尤其是一种难燃防水1mm厚高密度纤维板的生产方法。
背景技术
以往我国生产的98%以上纤维板仅限于干燥状态下使用,且以厚板为主,防潮性能差并且较厚,而目前的纤维板市场,真正兼顾防潮与环保性能的纤维板产品则寥寥无几,较难满足国内外家具和室内装饰与装修业对环保建材和阻燃建材的需求。用于高度潮湿的环境,如浴室柜、梳妆台及PCB印制电路板耗材、车船制造、高端家电音响、保龄球道等的难燃防水高密度纤维板在气候潮湿地区有着广阔的市场需求。JP2005288861A薄板化粧材的制造方法,是在纤维板的两面分别涂覆柔性树脂水溶液,在高温高压固结压制后制得的厚度为2~4毫米的超薄纤维板,其厚度仍较大,与1mm超薄仍有差距。同样国内天津木材工业研究所开发了厚度2mm的木质湿法超薄型硬质纤维板,但较厚不环保且不防水;US4587070A公开了将纤维原料和细碎的沥青物质在水中均匀混合和分散,通过沥青使纤维板具有防潮耐水性,跨国性化工巨头索尔维US4935457A开发出含防水剂和液体浓缩物和水的防潮纤维板,液体浓缩物含有硼酸或其衍生物,以上防潮纤维板工艺,用水较多,一吨纤维板约需水50~100吨,绝大部分均作为废水排出,用水量巨大而且会导致严重的水污染;日本王子制纸US6794016B2公开了高耐水性的纤维板板材,通过结构上黏合“三明治”形式的防水挂面板,来提高防水性,但增加了工艺复杂程度和成本,且无法制备超薄防潮纤维板,对于1mm的厚度极限却望不可及。2020年CN202010617117.X一种1mm厚环保型防潮高密度纤维板生产方法申请公开,并于2022年获得授权,但难燃防火性能有限。本领域技术人员亟待开发一种难燃防水1mm厚高密度纤维板的生产方法,来满足现有的使用需求和性能要求。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本发明旨在提供一种难燃防水1mm厚高密度纤维板的生产方法。
本发明通过以下技术方案实现:
一种难燃防水1mm厚高密度纤维板的生产方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:第一步、将1mm厚高密度纤维板用打卷机用经轴,打卷成密度为0.58g/cm3~0.65g/m3的纤维板轴卷;将纤维板经轴卷置于阻燃浸渍釜内,关闭阻燃浸渍釜,将阻燃剂倒入料筒,并将料筒置于阻燃浸渍釜内,关闭阻燃浸渍釜;第二步、关闭背压阀,液体储罐内的二氧化碳通过高压泵升压至临界压力以上,经换热器升温至临界温度以上,转变为超临界二氧化碳流体,超临界二氧化碳流入染料釜溶解阻燃剂,随后溶解有阻燃剂的超临界二氧化碳进入装载有经轴的阻燃浸渍釜,在循环泵的作用下对除油后的纤维板循环阻燃浸渍;第三步、阻燃浸渍结束后,关闭阻燃浸渍釜进出口阀门,新开启高压泵,将来自液体储罐内的二氧化碳升压至临界压力以上,经换热器升温至临界温度以上。超临界二氧化碳流入阻燃浸渍釜,通过经轴排孔向纤维板渗透扩散。溶解有釜体、管道及纤维板表面残余染料的超临界二氧化碳经背压阀减压后,进入分离器降温气化,在3MPa~5MPa、25℃~40℃条件下与阻燃剂分离;分离釜内气态二氧化碳由冷凝器液化返回液体储罐。清洗结束后,阻燃浸渍釜内含余压二氧化碳经压缩机压缩后由冷凝器液化返回液体储罐,完成二氧化碳全回用;第四步、将阻燃剂浸渍纤维板在100~105℃烘干10~15min,在其表面喷洒铝基笼型倍半硅氧烷粉末18~20g/m2后,再喷洒硅溶胶溶液61~87g/m2,室温下风干1~2h,即得难燃防水1mm厚高密度纤维板,即得难燃防水1mm厚高密度纤维板。
铝基笼型倍半硅氧烷
进一步的,所述1mm厚高密度纤维板的密度为0.91~0.94g/cm3。
难燃高密度纤维板:经过阻燃处理,燃烧性能达到难燃等级的高密度纤维板。燃烧性能:当材料燃烧或者遇火时,所发生的一切物理和化学变化。烟气毒性:材料燃烧时产生的烟气,通过呼吸或者部分感官接触,对人或动物引起的危害的程度。燃烧滴落物/微粒:在燃烧试验过程中,脱离试样并继续燃烧的材料。氧指数:通过氧、氮混合气体时,刚好维持材料燃烧的最小氧浓度,以体积百分数表示。
DOPO:9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物具有高的热稳定性、良好的抗氧化性能和优良的阻燃性能。DOPO-HQ,10-(2,5-二羟基苯基)-10-氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物。铝基笼型倍半硅氧烷(Al-POSS)是具有笼形六面体结构的纳米材料。
进一步的,所述阻燃剂为10-(2,5-二羟基苯基)-10-氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物或9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物中的其中一种。
进一步的,所述硅溶胶溶液为质量分数5~10%硅溶胶溶液。
进一步的,所述阻燃浸渍工艺条件温度100℃~140℃,压力20MPa~26MPa,时间30min~60min,循环泵流量每小时1.0m3/kg~2.0m3/kg纤维板,阻燃剂用量3~5wt%。
进一步的,所述清洗条件温度40℃~80℃、压力8MPa~20MPa、时间10min~60min、高压泵频率10Hz~50Hz。
本发明公开的难燃防水1mm厚高密度纤维板的生产方法,利用超临界流体的非液非气状态,即能够溶解阻燃剂,包括DOPO和DOPO-HQ,又能够将阻燃剂快速的带入纤维板内部,整个过程不用一滴水,阻燃浸渍时间明显缩短,实现“零”排放,环保而且高效,通过POSS铝基笼型倍半硅氧烷,再涂敷硅溶胶溶液,具有覆盖作用,有效抑制有焰燃烧,减缓火势蔓延,降低材料燃烧时的烟气浓度和毒性,为火场疏散逃生创造条件。生产工艺操作简便,环保超薄,可应用于阻燃饰面人造板基材复贴,饰面人造板尺寸稳定性较高,装饰效果更好,具有广阔的市场前景。
具体实施方式
下面用具体实施例说明本发明,但并不是对本发明的限制。
实施例1
设备和原料:开原化机厂30MPa500L超临界设备;阻燃剂卫东晨冠化工一级品9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-膦菲-10-氧化物(DOPO);天策Al-POSS铝基笼型倍半硅氧烷、硅溶胶江苏国联CH83-130D。
难燃防水1mm厚高密度纤维板的生产方法,包括以下步骤:第一步、将1mm厚高密度纤维板用打卷机用经轴,打卷成密度为0.65g/m3的纤维板轴卷;将纤维板经轴卷置于阻燃浸渍釜内,关闭阻燃浸渍釜,将阻燃剂倒入料筒,并将料筒置于阻燃浸渍釜内,关闭阻燃浸渍釜;第二步、关闭背压阀,液体储罐内的二氧化碳通过高压泵升压至临界压力以上,经换热器升温至临界温度以上,转变为超临界二氧化碳流体,超临界二氧化碳流入染料釜溶解阻燃剂,阻燃浸渍工艺条件温度140℃,压力26MPa,时间30min,循环泵流量每小时1.0m3/kg纤维板,阻燃剂用量3wt%,随后溶解有阻燃剂的超临界二氧化碳进入装载有纤维板轴卷的阻燃浸渍釜,在循环泵的作用下对除油后的纤维板循环阻燃浸渍;第三步、阻燃浸渍结束后,关闭阻燃浸渍釜进出口阀门,新开启高压泵,将来自液体储罐内的二氧化碳升压至临界压力以上,经换热器升温至临界温度以上。超临界二氧化碳流入阻燃浸渍釜,清洗条件温度80℃、压力8MPa、时间60min、高压泵频率50Hz,通过经轴排孔向纤维板渗透扩散。溶解有釜体、管道及纤维板表面残余染料的超临界二氧化碳经背压阀减压后,进入分离器降温气化,在3MPa、25℃条件下与阻燃剂分离;分离釜内气态二氧化碳由冷凝器液化返回液体储罐。清洗结束后,阻燃浸渍釜内含余压二氧化碳经压缩机压缩后由冷凝器液化返回液体储罐,完成二氧化碳全回用;第四步、将阻燃剂浸渍纤维板在100℃烘干10min,在其表面喷洒铝基笼型倍半硅氧烷20g/m2后,再喷洒硅溶胶溶液61g/m2,室温下风干1h,即得难燃防水1mm厚高密度纤维板。
产品:密度0.94g/cm3;板内密度偏差-2.0,1.4%;含水率4.7%;静曲强度50.4MPa;弹性模量4843MPa;内结合强度1.69MPa;表面结合强度2.36MPa;吸水厚度膨胀率22.0%;吸水率50.0%。难燃B1-B级,氧指数38.5%.
实施例2
设备和原料:开原化机厂30MPa500L超临界设备;兴发磷化优等品10-(2,5-二羟基苯基)-10-氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物(DOPO-HQ);天策Al-POSS铝基笼型倍半硅氧烷、硅溶胶江苏国联CH83-120C。
难燃防水1mm厚高密度纤维板的生产方法,包括以下步骤:第一步、将1mm厚高密度纤维板用打卷机用经轴,打卷成密度为0.58g/m3的纤维板轴卷;将纤维板经轴卷置于阻燃浸渍釜内,关闭阻燃浸渍釜,将阻燃剂倒入料筒,并将料筒置于阻燃浸渍釜内,关闭阻燃浸渍釜;第二步、关闭背压阀,液体储罐内的二氧化碳通过高压泵升压至临界压力以上,经换热器升温至临界温度以上,转变为超临界二氧化碳流体,超临界二氧化碳流入染料釜溶解阻燃剂,阻燃浸渍工艺条件温度100℃,压力20MPa,时间60min,循环泵流量每小时2.0m3/kg纤维板,阻燃剂用量5wt%,随后溶解有阻燃剂的超临界二氧化碳进入装载有纤维板轴卷的阻燃浸渍釜,在循环泵的作用下对除油后的纤维板循环阻燃浸渍;第三步、阻燃浸渍结束后,关闭阻燃浸渍釜进出口阀门,新开启高压泵,将来自液体储罐内的二氧化碳升压至临界压力以上,经换热器升温至临界温度以上。超临界二氧化碳流入阻燃浸渍釜,清洗条件温度80℃、压力20MPa、时间10min、高压泵频率10Hz,通过经轴排孔向纤维板渗透扩散。溶解有釜体、管道及纤维板表面残余染料的超临界二氧化碳经背压阀减压后,进入分离器降温气化,在5MPa、40℃条件下与阻燃剂分离;分离釜内气态二氧化碳由冷凝器液化返回液体储罐。清洗结束后,阻燃浸渍釜内含余压二氧化碳经压缩机压缩后由冷凝器液化返回液体储罐,完成二氧化碳全回用;第四步、将阻燃剂浸渍纤维板在105℃烘干15min,在其表面喷洒铝基笼型倍半硅氧烷18g/m2后,再喷洒硅溶胶溶液87g/m2,室温下风干2h,即得难燃防水1mm厚高密度纤维板。
产品:密度0.94g/cm3;板内密度偏差 -1.8,1.3%;含水率4.5%;静曲强度50.1MPa;弹性模量4782MPa;内结合强度1.65MPa;表面结合强度2.33MPa;吸水厚度膨胀率22.2%;吸水率49.8%。难燃B1-B级,氧指数39.1%.
注:含水率测定按GB/T17657-2013中4.3规定的含水率测定方法进行。静曲强度、弹性模量测定按GB/T17657-2013中4.7规定的静曲强度、弹性模量测定方法进行,进行试件平衡处理。如试件不发生破坏,以最大承载载荷作为Fmax,用于静曲强度计算。内结合强度测定按GB/T17657-2013中4.11规定的内胶合(结合)强度测定方法进行,进行试件平衡处理。表面结合强度测定按GB/T11718-2021中6.9规定的测试方法进行,进行试件平衡处理。吸水厚度膨胀率测定按GB/T17657-2013中4.4规定的吸水膨胀率测定--方法1进行,并要求浸泡时间为24h±5min,浸泡后的测量在10min内完成。吸水率按GB/T17657-2013中4.6规定的24h吸水率测定方法进行。甲醛释放量按GB18580-2017中甲醛释放量的测定规定进行。燃烧性能分级按GB8624-2012第5章规定判据,分级标识按GB8624-2012中第6章和附录B规定进行。氧指数测定按GB/T2406.2-2009中规定的方法进行。
Claims (6)
1.一种难燃防水1mm厚高密度纤维板的生产方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:第一步、将1mm厚高密度纤维板用打卷机用经轴,打卷成纤维板轴卷;将纤维板经轴卷置于阻燃浸渍釜内,关闭阻燃浸渍釜,将阻燃剂倒入料筒,并将料筒置于阻燃浸渍釜内,关闭阻燃浸渍釜;超临界二氧化碳流入染料釜溶解阻燃剂,溶解有阻燃剂的超临界二氧化碳进入装载纤维板轴卷的阻燃浸渍釜,进行循环阻燃浸渍;第二步、阻燃浸渍结束后,关闭阻燃浸渍釜进出口阀门,将二氧化碳升压至临界压力以上,经换热器升温至临界温度以上,超临界二氧化碳流入阻燃浸渍釜,通过经轴排孔向纤维板渗透扩散,溶解釜体、管道及纤维板表面残余阻燃剂的超临界二氧化碳经背压阀减压后,进入分离器降温气化,在3MPa~5MPa、25℃~40℃条件下与阻燃剂分离,得到阻燃剂浸渍纤维板;第四步、将阻燃剂浸渍纤维板在100~105℃烘干10~15min,在其表面喷洒铝基笼型倍半硅氧烷粉末18~20g/m2后,再喷洒硅溶胶溶液61~87g/m2,室温下风干1~2h,即得难燃防水1mm厚高密度纤维板。
2.根据权利要求1所述的难燃防水1mm厚高密度纤维板的生产方法,其特征在于,所述1mm厚高密度纤维板的密度为0.91~0.94g/cm3。
3.根据权利要求1所述的难燃防水1mm厚高密度纤维板的生产方法,其特征在于,所述阻燃剂为10-(2,5-二羟基苯基)-10-氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物或9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物中的其中一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的难燃防水1mm厚高密度纤维板的生产方法,其特征在于,所述阻燃浸渍工艺条件温度100℃~140℃,压力20MPa~26MPa,时间30min~60min,循环泵流量每小时1.0m3/kg~2.0m3/kg纤维板,阻燃剂用量3~5wt%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的难燃防水1mm厚高密度纤维板的生产方法,其特征在于,所述清洗条件温度40℃~80℃、压力8MPa~20MPa、时间10min~60min、高压泵频率10Hz~50Hz。
6.根据权利要求1所述的难燃防水1mm厚高密度纤维板的生产方法,其特征在于,所述硅溶胶溶液为质量分数5~10%硅溶胶溶液。
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