CN116945918A - 用于电动车辆应用的集成牵引电池电力*** - Google Patents

用于电动车辆应用的集成牵引电池电力*** Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116945918A
CN116945918A CN202310321712.2A CN202310321712A CN116945918A CN 116945918 A CN116945918 A CN 116945918A CN 202310321712 A CN202310321712 A CN 202310321712A CN 116945918 A CN116945918 A CN 116945918A
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China
Prior art keywords
converter
converters
electrically connected
traction battery
switch
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CN202310321712.2A
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English (en)
Inventor
葛宝明
宋延涛
陈礼华
塞尔达·哈基·约纳克
鲍里斯·库鲁维加
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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Publication of CN116945918A publication Critical patent/CN116945918A/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B60L53/24—Using the vehicle's propulsion converter for charging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33573—Full-bridge at primary side of an isolation transformer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B60L53/22—Constructional details or arrangements of charging converters specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/20—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
    • H02J3/322—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means the battery being on-board an electric or hybrid vehicle, e.g. vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G], power aggregation, use of the battery for network load balancing, coordinated or cooperative battery charging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33561—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having more than one ouput with independent control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H02M3/33584—Bidirectional converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/219—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H02M7/53871—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
    • H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
    • H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
    • H02P27/08—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/30—AC to DC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/40—DC to AC converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/0077—Plural converter units whose outputs are connected in series
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/10—Arrangements incorporating converting means for enabling loads to be operated at will from different kinds of power supplies, e.g. from ac or dc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/66—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/68—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/72—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/79—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/797—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

本公开提供了“用于电动车辆应用的集成牵引电池电力***”。一种车辆电力***具有DC‑AC转换器；一对AC‑DC转换器；变压器，其包括芯、缠绕在所述芯上并且电连接至所述DC‑AC转换器的输出端的初级绕组以及一对缠绕在所述芯上的次级绕组；牵引电池，其电连接至所述AC‑DC转换器的集合输出端；以及控制器。

Description

用于电动车辆应用的集成牵引电池电力***
技术领域
本公开涉及车辆电力***及其控制。
背景技术
某些车辆可以由将电能转换成机械能的电机提供动力。
发明内容
一种车辆电力***具有DC-AC转换器；一对AC-DC转换器；以及变压器，所述变压器包括芯、缠绕在所述芯上并且电连接至所述DC-AC转换器的输出端的初级绕组以及一对缠绕在所述芯上的次级绕组。所述次级绕组中的每一个电连接到所述AC-DC转换器中的一个的输入端。所述***还具有控制器，所述控制器以充电模式进行操作，使得在所述DC-AC转换器的输入端处的电压幅值为在所述AC-DC转换器的集合输出端处的电压幅值的一半，以将电力从所述DC-AC转换器的所述输入端传递至所述集合输出端。所述AC-DC转换器的电容器的电压是平衡的。
一种车辆具有DC-AC转换器；一对AC-DC转换器；以及变压器，所述变压器包括芯、缠绕在所述芯上并且电连接至所述DC-AC转换器的输出端的初级绕组以及一对缠绕在所述芯上的次级绕组。所述次级绕组中的每一个电连接到所述AC-DC转换器中的一个的输入端。所述车辆还具有牵引电池，所述牵引电池电连接至所述AC-DC转换器的集合输出端；马达驱动器，所述马达驱动器电连接至所述集合输出端，使得所述牵引电池电连接在所述集合输出端和所述马达驱动器之间；以及控制器。所述控制器以驱动模式进行操作，使得所述AC-DC转换器中的一个的开关以占空比激活，并且所述AC-DC转换器中的另一个和所述DC-AC转换器的开关关断，以将电力从所述牵引电池传递至所述马达驱动器或车辆负载。
一种车辆电力***具有DC-AC转换器；一对AC-DC转换器；以及变压器，所述变压器包括芯、缠绕在所述芯上并且电连接至所述DC-AC转换器的输出端的初级绕组以及一对缠绕在所述芯上的次级绕组。所述次级绕组中的每一个电连接到所述AC-DC转换器中的一个的输入端。所述***还具有牵引电池，所述牵引电池电连接至所述AC-DC转换器的集合输出端；以及控制器，所述控制器以电网电力/车载发电机模式进行操作，使得所述AC-DC转换器中的至少一个的开关以占空比激活，并且所述DC-AC转换器的开关保持关断，以将电力从所述牵引电池传递至所述DC-AC转换器的所述输入端。
附图说明
图1是电动车辆的典型高压电力***的框图。
图2和图3是车辆电力***的框图。
图4是控制流程图。
图5A至图5D和图6A至图6D示出了各种控制模式的切换方案。
图7A至图7H示出了所提出的拓扑在电池充电模式下的模拟结果。
图8A至图8H示出了所提出的拓扑在车辆驱动模式下的模拟结果。
图9A至图9H示出了所提出的拓扑在车辆到电网或车载发电机模式下的模拟结果。
具体实施方式
本文描述了实施例。然而，应理解，所公开的实施例仅是示例并且其他实施例可采用各种和替代的形式。附图不一定按比例绘制。一些特征可被放大或最小化以示出特定部件的细节。因此，本文所公开的具体结构细节和功能细节不应被解释为是限制性的，而是仅仅作为用于教导本领域技术人员的代表性基础。
参考任一附图示出和描述的各种特征可以与一个或多个其他附图中示出的特征相结合，以产生没有明确示出或描述的实施例。示出的特征的组合提供用于典型应用的代表性实施例。然而，对于特定的应用或实施方式，可能期望与本公开的教示一致的对特征的各种组合和修改。
图1示出了用于基于电池的电动车辆(BEV)的典型高压电力***10。电力***10包括高压(HV)电池组12、逆变器14、马达16、车载发电机(OBG)18、车载充电器(OBC)20、其他电子负载22、辅助电力模块(APM)24和辅助电池26。HV电池组12通过逆变器14和牵引马达16提供能量以驱动车辆。OBG 18为客户将DC电力转换成AC电力。OBC 20执行HV电池充电。APM 24为辅助电池26提供充电。其他电子负载22，诸如电动空调共享电压通常为约400V DC的公共HV DC总线。
增加DC总线电压是增强牵引逆变器和马达的电力容量的趋势。最近，基于800V DC总线的电驱动***是感兴趣的主题。当设计高DC总线电压时，现有的OBC 20、OBG 18、APM24和其他电子负载22可能不再适用，这是因为其额定电压较低(例如，400V)。其应重新设计以适配更高的DC总线电压，这可能导致更多的费用和开发时间。
另外，对于400V***而言，诸如OBC 20和APM 24的转换器使用具有小于650V的电压额定值的开关(例如，MOSFET)来增加开关频率、减小转换器的尺寸并且优化性能。然而，如果DC总线电压为800V，则应选择1200V电力装置。由于有限的选择、较高的费用和较低的性能，诸如高电压降、高反向恢复损耗、高泄漏电流和低开关速度，选择具有超过650V的电压额定值的MOSFET可能具有挑战性。
这里，提出了用于电动车辆应用的集成高压(例如，800V)牵引电池电力***以克服上述问题。图2示出了一个这样的示例。用于车辆30的电力***28包括DC-AC转换器32、AC-DC转换器34、36、变压器38、牵引电池40、马达驱动器42、车辆负载44和逆变器/整流器46。逆变器/整流器46电连接到DC-AC转换器32的输入端。变压器38电连接在DC-AC转换器32与AC-DC转换器34、36之间。AC-DC转换器34、36共同限定输出端48。牵引电池40电连接至输出端48。马达驱动器42电连接至牵引电池40，使得牵引电池40电连接在AC-DC转换器34、36和马达驱动器42之间。
DC-AC转换器32包括以典型的H桥配置布置的开关50、52、54、56(例如，MOSFET)和电容器58。变压器38包括初级绕组60、次级绕组62、64和芯66。AC-DC转换器34包括以典型的H桥配置布置的开关68、70、72、74(例如，MOSFET)和电容器76。AC-DC转换器34包括以典型的H桥配置布置的开关78、80、82、84(例如，MOSFET)和电容器86。
电容器58跨DC-AC转换器32的输入端进行电连接。初级绕组60缠绕在芯66上并且电连接到DC-AC转换器32的输出端。次级绕组62、64缠绕在芯66上并且分别电连接到AC-DC转换器34、36的输入端。电容器76跨AC-DC转换器34的输出端进行电连接。电容器86跨AC-DC转换器36的输出端进行电连接。车辆负载44也电连接到AC-DC转换器36的输出端。
在这种布置中，当牵引电池的电压Vb为800V时，电容器58、76、86具有400V的电压，因此开关50-56、68-74、78-84和电容器58、76、86的电压应力是400V。因此，600V MOSFET可以用于开关50-56、68-74、78-84。在高开关频率的情况下，(高频)变压器38可以具有相对较小的尺寸。
公用电网88和插头90被示为与逆变器46电连接。然而，其他布置也是可能的。
如果不需要车辆到电网的功能和车载发电机的功能，或者车辆到电网的功能和车载发电机的功能的电力不大于车辆负载44的电力，则可以简化图2的电路，如图3所示。因此，节省了四个开关。
用于车辆30'的电力***28'包括DC-AC转换器32'、AC-DC转换器34'、36'、变压器38'、牵引电池40'、马达驱动器42'、车辆负载44'和逆变器/整流器46'。逆变器/整流器46'电连接到DC-AC转换器32'的输入端。变压器38'电连接在DC-AC转换器32'与AC-DC转换器34'、36'之间。AC-DC转换器34'、36'共同限定输出端48'。牵引电池40'电连接至输出端48'。马达驱动器42'电连接至牵引电池40'，使得牵引电池40'电连接在AC-DC转换器34'、36'和马达驱动器42'之间。
DC-AC转换器32'包括以典型的H桥配置布置的开关50'、52'、54'、56'(例如，MOSFET)和电容器58'。变压器38'包括初级绕组60'、次级绕组62'、64'和芯66'。AC-DC转换器34'包括以典型的H桥配置布置的开关68'、70'、72'、74'(例如，MOSFET)和电容器76'。AC-DC转换器36'包括以典型的H桥配置布置的二极管92'、94'、96'、98'和电容器86'。
公用电网88'和插头90'被示为与逆变器46'电连接。然而，其他布置也是可能的，如上所述。
图4提出了用于图2和图3所示的高压(例如，800V)电池电力***的控制方法。操作直接了当，这是因为对于电池充电模式而言仅存在一个闭环控制，以及对于如图5A至图5D中所示的车辆驱动模式和图6A至图6D所示的车辆到电网/车载发电机模式而言，存在具有50％占空比的开环控制。控制方法包括用于参考电流Iref和电池电流Ibatt的求和运算100、比例积分运算102、脉冲宽度调制运算104和逻辑非框106、108。
操作模式
电池充电模式-在该模式下，整流器46将电力从电网88传递到牵引电池40。马达驱动器42关断，但是车辆电子负载44可能消耗能量。再次参考图4，在充电过程期间控制电池电流并且维持电容器76、86的电压平衡。在该模式下，开关68-74和78-84(图2)(68'-74'(图3))关断，并且开关50-56的H桥用作逆变器以通过设置在两相桥(50、52和54、56)之间的相移来输出3级高频脉冲电压，其中每个相桥输出具有50％占空比的电压脉冲。相移角φ是从电池电流闭环控制导出的，如图4所示。
车辆驱动模式-在该模式下，马达驱动器42工作以驱动车辆30。逆变器/整流器46不操作，并且开关50-56和78-84关断。开关68-74以50％的占空比进行控制，如图5A至图5D所示，以向电容器76、86维持相同的电压。在马达驱动器42(在电动模式期间消耗能量，在发电模式期间生成能量)和牵引电池40之间存在能量传递。而且，车辆负载44消耗来自牵引电池40的能量。
车辆到电网或车载发电模式-在该模式下，逆变器46用作车载发电机或车辆到电网促进器(即，车辆到电网，牵引电池40将电力传递至电网88)。牵引电池40向电网88或插头90提供电力。开关68-74和78-84被控制在50％的占空比，如图6A至图6D所示，以将电力从牵引电池40传递至电容器58并且维持电容器76、86之间的平衡电压。对于这种模式而言，开关50-56是关断的。如果车辆到电网或车载发电机操作的电力不大于车辆负载44'的电力，则图3中的逆变器46'也可以用作车载发电机或车辆到电网促进器。为了实现该操作，开关68'-74'被控制在50％的占空比，如图6A至图6D所示，以将电力从牵引电池40'传递至电容器58'并且维持电容器76'、86'之间的平衡电压。对于这种模式而言，开关50'-56'是关断的。
本文的拓扑和控制策略可以提供若干益处。某些布置提供了800V牵引电池电力***(其集成了车载充电器、车载发电机和车辆到电网促进器的功能)向车辆负载供应电力，并且实现了800V牵引电池与400V电力***之间的接口。
提出了一种直接了当的控制方法来操作集成牵引电池电力***。对于如图4所示的电池充电模式而言，仅存在一个闭环控制，以及对于分别如图5A至图5D和图6A至图6D所示的车辆驱动模式和车辆到电网/车载发电模式而言，存在具有50％占空比的两个开环控制，这可以提高可靠性。
对于800V/400V布置而言，可以使用用于车载充电器、车载发电机、辅助电力模块和其他电子负载的现有400V硬件设计。另外地，可以使用600V MOSFET来实现800V牵引电池电力***，这减轻了部件选择的负担，提高了效率并降低了费用。使用单个高频隔离变压器而不是两个高频隔离变压器来实现车载充电和车载发电功能减少了费用、损耗和所需的包装空间。
图7A至图7H示出了用于验证所提出的***在电池充电模式下的模拟结果。在模拟中，开关频率为30kHz，变压器38的匝数比为1:1:1，牵引电池40的电压为700V，并且车辆负载44具有25A电流(8.75kW)。控制整流器46以将电容器58的电压维持在400V。在图4所示的闭环控制中，电池充电电流被设置为100A。
牵引电池充电电流为100A(70kW)，电容器86向车辆电子负载44提供25A电流。电容器76、86具有相同的350V电压。开关50-56示出400V的电压应力，并且开关68-74和78-84具有350V的电压应力。
图8A至图8H示出了用于验证所提出的***在车辆驱动模式下的模拟结果。在模拟中，开关频率为30kHz，变压器38的匝数比为1:1:1，牵引电池40的电压为800V，并且车辆负载44具有25A电流(10kW)。逆变器/整流器46不以该模式进行操作。马达驱动器42消耗160A电流(128kW)。
牵引电池40具有用于马达驱动器42和车辆负载44的172.5A(138kW)的放电电流。即使电容器86向车辆电子负载44提供了25A电流，电容器76、86在图5A至图5D所示的电压平衡控制下也具有相同的400V电压。还示出了装置上的电压应力。
图9A至图9H示出了用于验证所提出的***在车辆到电网或车载发电模式下的模拟结果。在模拟中，开关频率为30kHz，变压器38的匝数比为1:1:1，牵引电池40的电压为800V，并且车辆负载具有25A电流(10kW)。逆变器46以这些模式进行操作。马达驱动器42不工作。从逆变器46输出39.8kW的电力。
控制电容器58的电压到400V。牵引电池40具有用于车辆负载44和车辆到电网或车载发电操作的62.4A的放电电流。即使电容器86向车辆电子负载44提供了25A电流，电容器76、86在电压平衡控制下也具有相同的400V电压。还示出了电压应力。
本文公开的算法、方法或过程可以被输送到计算机、控制器或处理装置或由计算机、控制器或处理装置实施，计算机、控制器或处理装置可以包括任何专用电子控制单元或可编程电子控制单元。相似地，算法、方法或过程可以多种形式存储为可由计算机或控制器执行的数据和指令，包括但不限于永久存储在诸如只读存储器装置的不可写存储介质上的信息和可改地存储在诸如光盘、随机存取存储器装置或其他磁性和光学介质的可写存储介质上的信息。所述算法、方法或过程也可以以软件可执行对象来实施。替代地，可使用合适的硬件部件(诸如专用集成电路、现场可编程门阵列、状态机或其他硬件部件或装置)或固件、硬件和软件部件的组合来整体或部分实现所述算法、方法或过程。
虽然上文描述了示例性实施例，但这些实施例并不意图描述权利要求所涵盖的所有可能形式。在说明书中使用的词语是描述性词语而非限制性词语，并且应理解，可在不脱离本公开的精神和范围的情况下做出各种改变。词语“处理器”和“多个处理器”在本文中可以互换，词语“控制器”和“多个控制器”也可以互换。
如前所述，各个实施例的特征可被组合以形成本发明的可能未被明确描述或示出的另外的实施例。虽然各种实施例可能已经被描述为就一个或多个期望的特性而言相较其他实施例或现有技术实施方式提供了优点或是优选的，但是本领域普通技术人员应认识到，一个或多个特征或特性可被折衷以实现期望的总体***属性，这取决于具体的应用和实施方式。这些属性可包括但不限于：强度、耐久性、可销售性、外观、包装、大小、可服务性、重量、可制造性、易组装性等。这样，描述为就一个或多个特性而言较其他实施例或现有技术实施方式不太期望的实施例不在本公开的范围之外，并且对于特定应用可能是期望的。
根据本发明，提供了一种车辆电力***，其具有：DC-AC转换器；一对AC-DC转换器；变压器，所述变压器包括芯、缠绕在所述芯上并且电连接至所述DC-AC转换器的输出端的初级绕组以及一对缠绕在所述芯上的次级绕组，所述次级绕组中的每一个电连接至所述AC-DC转换器中的一个的输入端；以及控制器，所述控制器被编程为以充电模式进行操作，使得在所述DC-AC转换器的输入端处的电压幅值为在所述AC-DC转换器的集合输出端处的电压幅值的一半，以将电力从所述DC-AC转换器的所述输入端传递至所述集合输出端。
根据一个实施例，本发明的特征还在于牵引电池，所述牵引电池电连接至所述集合输出端，其中所述控制器还被编程为以所述充电模式进行操作，使得所述DC-AC转换器的开关以占空比激活，并且所述AC-DC转换器的开关保持关断，以将电力从所述DC-AC转换器的所述输入端传递至所述牵引电池。
根据一个实施例，本发明的特征还在于马达驱动器，所述马达驱动器电连接至所述集合输出端，使得所述牵引电池电连接在所述集合输出端和所述马达驱动器之间，其中所述控制器还被编程为以驱动模式进行操作，使得所述AC-DC转换器中的一个的开关以占空比激活，并且所述AC-DC转换器中的另一个和所述DC-AC转换器的开关关断，以将电力从所述牵引电池传递至所述马达驱动器或车辆负载。
根据一个实施例，所述控制器还被编程为以电网电力/车载发电机模式进行操作，使得所述AC-DC转换器中的至少一个的开关以占空比激活，并且所述DC-AC转换器的开关保持关断，以将电力从所述牵引电池传递至所述DC-AC转换器的所述输入端。
根据一个实施例，所述AC-DC转换器中的至少一个包括多个开关。
根据一个实施例，所述AC-DC转换器中的至少一个包括多个二极管。
根据一个实施例，本发明的特征还在于跨所述集合输出端电连接的一对串联连接的电容器，所述一对串联连接的电容器具有平衡的电压。
根据一个实施例，所述电容器中的一个电连接至所述AC-DC转换器中的一个的输出端，并且所述电容器中的另一个电连接至所述AC-DC转换器中的另一个的输出端。
根据本发明，提供了一种车辆，其具有：DC-AC转换器；一对AC-DC转换器；变压器，所述变压器包括芯、缠绕在所述芯上并且电连接至所述DC-AC转换器的输出端的初级绕组以及一对缠绕在所述芯上的次级绕组，所述次级绕组中的每一个电连接至所述AC-DC转换器中的一个的输入端；牵引电池，所述牵引电池电连接至所述AC-DC转换器的集合输出端；马达驱动器，所述马达驱动器电连接至所述集合输出端，使得所述牵引电池电连接在所述集合输出端和所述马达驱动器之间；以及控制器，所述控制器被编程为以驱动模式进行操作，使得所述AC-DC转换器中的一个的开关以占空比激活，并且所述AC-DC转换器中的另一个和所述DC-AC转换器的开关关断，以将电力从所述牵引电池传递至所述马达驱动器或车辆负载。
根据一个实施例，所述控制器还被编程为以电网电力/车载发电机模式进行操作，使得所述AC-DC转换器中的至少一个的开关以占空比激活，并且所述DC-AC转换器的开关保持关断，以将电力从所述牵引电池传递至所述DC-AC转换器的所述输入端。
根据一个实施例，所述控制器还被编程为以充电模式进行操作，使得所述DC-AC转换器的开关以占空比激活，并且所述DC-AC转换器的开关保持关断，以将电力从所述DC-AC转换器的所述输入端传递至所述牵引电池。
根据一个实施例，所述AC-DC转换器中的至少一个包括多个开关。
根据一个实施例，所述AC-DC转换器中的至少一个包括多个二极管。
根据一个实施例，本发明的特征还在于跨所述集合输出端电连接的一对串联连接的电容器，所述一对串联连接的电容器具有平衡的电压。
根据一个实施例，所述电容器中的一个电连接至所述AC-DC转换器中的一个的输出端，并且所述电容器中的另一个电连接至所述AC-DC转换器中的另一个的输出端。
根据本发明，提供了一种车辆电力***，其具有：DC-AC转换器；一对AC-DC转换器；变压器，所述变压器包括芯、缠绕在所述芯上并且电连接至所述DC-AC转换器的输出端的初级绕组以及一对缠绕在所述芯上的次级绕组，所述次级绕组中的每一个电连接至所述AC-DC转换器中的一个的输入端；牵引电池，所述牵引电池电连接至所述AC-DC转换器的集合输出端；以及控制器，所述控制器被编程为以电网电力/车载发电机模式进行操作，使得所述AC-DC转换器中的至少一个的开关以占空比激活，并且所述DC-AC转换器的开关保持关断，以将电力从所述牵引电池传递至所述DC-AC转换器的所述输入端。
根据一个实施例，本发明的特征还在于马达驱动器，所述马达驱动器电连接至所述集合输出端，使得所述牵引电池电连接在所述集合输出端和所述马达驱动器之间，其中所述控制器还被编程为以驱动模式进行操作，使得所述AC-DC转换器中的一个的开关以占空比激活，并且所述AC-DC转换器中的另一个和所述DC-AC转换器的开关关断，以将电力从所述牵引电池传递至所述马达驱动器或车辆负载。
根据一个实施例，所述控制器还被编程为以充电模式进行操作，使得所述DC-AC转换器的开关以占空比激活，并且所述DC-AC转换器的开关保持关断，以将电力从所述DC-AC转换器的所述输入端传递至所述牵引电池。
根据一个实施例，所述AC-DC转换器中的至少一个包括多个开关。
根据一个实施例，所述AC-DC转换器中的至少一个包括多个二极管。

Claims (15)

1.一种车辆电力***，其包括：
DC-AC转换器；
一对AC-DC转换器；
变压器，所述变压器包括芯、缠绕在所述芯上并且电连接至所述DC-AC转换器的输出端的初级绕组以及一对缠绕在所述芯上的次级绕组，所述次级绕组中的每一个电连接至所述AC-DC转换器中的一个的输入端；以及
控制器，所述控制器被编程为以充电模式进行操作，使得在所述DC-AC转换器的输入端处的电压幅值为在所述AC-DC转换器的集合输出端处的电压幅值的一半，以将电力从所述DC-AC转换器的所述输入端传递至所述集合输出端。
2.如权利要求1所述的车辆电力***，其还包括牵引电池，所述牵引电池电连接至所述集合输出端，其中所述控制器还被编程为以所述充电模式进行操作，使得所述DC-AC转换器的开关以占空比激活，并且所述AC-DC转换器的开关保持关断，以将电力从所述DC-AC转换器的所述输入端传递至所述牵引电池。
3.如权利要求2所述的车辆电力***，其还包括马达驱动器，所述马达驱动器电连接至所述集合输出端，使得所述牵引电池电连接在所述集合输出端和所述马达驱动器之间，其中所述控制器还被编程为以驱动模式进行操作，使得所述AC-DC转换器中的一个的开关以占空比激活，并且所述AC-DC转换器中的另一个和所述DC-AC转换器的开关关断，以将电力从所述牵引电池传递至所述马达驱动器或车辆负载。
4.如权利要求1所述的车辆电力***，其中所述控制器还被编程为以电网电力/车载发电机模式进行操作，使得所述AC-DC转换器中的至少一个的开关以占空比激活，并且所述DC-AC转换器的开关保持关断，以将电力从所述牵引电池传递至所述DC-AC转换器的所述输入端。
5.如权利要求1所述的车辆电力***，其中所述AC-DC转换器中的至少一个包括多个开关。
6.如权利要求1所述的车辆电力***，其中所述AC-DC转换器中的至少一个包括多个二极管。
7.如权利要求1所述的车辆电力***，其还包括跨所述集合输出端电连接的一对串联连接的电容器，所述一对串联连接的电容器具有平衡的电压。
8.如权利要求7所述的车辆电力***，其中所述电容器中的一个电连接至所述AC-DC转换器中的一个的输出端，并且所述电容器中的另一个电连接至所述AC-DC转换器中的另一个的输出端。
9.一种车辆，其包括：
DC-AC转换器；
一对AC-DC转换器；
变压器，所述变压器包括芯、缠绕在所述芯上并且电连接至所述DC-AC转换器的输出端的初级绕组以及一对缠绕在所述芯上的次级绕组，所述次级绕组中的每一个电连接至所述AC-DC转换器中的一个的输入端；
牵引电池，所述牵引电池电连接至所述AC-DC转换器的集合输出端；
马达驱动器，所述马达驱动器电连接至所述集合输出端，使得所述牵引电池电连接在所述集合输出端和所述马达驱动器之间；以及
控制器，所述控制器被编程为以驱动模式进行操作，使得所述AC-DC转换器中的一个的开关以占空比激活，并且所述AC-DC转换器中的另一个和所述DC-AC转换器的开关关断，以将电力从所述牵引电池传递至所述马达驱动器或车辆负载。
10.如权利要求9所述的车辆，其中所述控制器还被编程为以电网电力/车载发电机模式进行操作，使得所述AC-DC转换器中的至少一个的开关以占空比激活，并且所述DC-AC转换器的开关保持关断，以将电力从所述牵引电池传递至所述DC-AC转换器的所述输入端。
11.如权利要求9所述的车辆，其中所述控制器还被编程为以充电模式进行操作，使得所述DC-AC转换器的开关以占空比激活，并且所述DC-AC转换器的开关保持关断，以将电力从所述DC-AC转换器的所述输入端传递至所述牵引电池。
12.一种车辆电力***，其包括：
DC-AC转换器；
一对AC-DC转换器；
变压器，所述变压器包括芯、缠绕在所述芯上并且电连接至所述DC-AC转换器的输出端的初级绕组以及一对缠绕在所述芯上的次级绕组，所述次级绕组中的每一个电连接至所述AC-DC转换器中的一个的输入端；
牵引电池，所述牵引电池电连接至所述AC-DC转换器的集合输出端；以及
控制器，所述控制器被编程为以电网电力/车载发电机模式进行操作，使得所述AC-DC转换器中的至少一个的开关以占空比激活，并且所述DC-AC转换器的开关保持关断，以将电力从所述牵引电池传递至所述DC-AC转换器的所述输入端。
13.如权利要求12所述的车辆电力***，其还包括马达驱动器，所述马达驱动器电连接至所述集合输出端，使得所述牵引电池电连接在所述集合输出端和所述马达驱动器之间，其中所述控制器还被编程为以驱动模式进行操作，使得所述AC-DC转换器中的一个的开关以占空比激活，并且所述AC-DC转换器中的另一个和所述DC-AC转换器的开关关断，以将电力从所述牵引电池传递至所述马达驱动器或车辆负载。
14.如权利要求12所述的车辆电力***，其中所述控制器还被编程为以充电模式进行操作，使得所述DC-AC转换器的开关以占空比激活，并且所述DC-AC转换器的开关保持关断，以将电力从所述DC-AC转换器的所述输入端传递至所述牵引电池。
15.如权利要求12所述的车辆电力***，其中所述AC-DC转换器中的至少一个包括多个开关和多个二极管。
CN202310321712.2A 2022-04-14 2023-03-29 用于电动车辆应用的集成牵引电池电力*** Pending CN116945918A (zh)

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