CN116936050B - Acoustic environmental health benefit measure and optimization method for pension facilities - Google Patents
Acoustic environmental health benefit measure and optimization method for pension facilities Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sound environment health benefit measurement and optimization method of a pension facility, which relates to the field of pension facility environments and comprises the steps of setting monitoring points in different activity spaces of a large number of pension facilities and collecting sound environment data; collecting physiological index changes and subjective and objective evaluation data of old people near the monitoring point; performing principal component analysis and constructing a sound environment health benefit measurement system of the pension facility; aiming at the health benefit promotion development optimization experimental study of the acoustic environment, the configuration parameters of the health acoustic environment of the aged facility are determined by combining the physiological and psychological indexes of the aged; and a healthy sound environment adaptability optimization strategy matched with different behavioral activities of the old is provided. The invention can accurately measure the health benefits of different activity space acoustic environments of the pension facility, has the advantages of high efficiency and easy popularization, can be widely applied to the field of health benefit optimization of acoustic environments of pension facilities, and provides an effective technical means for building comfortable and healthy pension facility acoustic environments.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of pension facility environments, in particular to a pension facility acoustic environment health benefit measurement and optimization method.
Background
With the increasing demand of the aged, the requirements of people on the environmental quality of the aged are increasingly improved, and many scholars develop researches on the improvement of the indoor photo-thermal environment quality of the aged, but the acoustic environment is less involved, and the current standard lacks the consideration of the needs of the aged on the acoustic environment of different movable spaces. Most of the existing sound environment quality measurement researches only consider subjective health benefit evaluation, and partial scholars analyze subjective evaluation and objective evaluation, but lack quantitative description of the relation between the subjective evaluation and the objective evaluation, and research objects are narrow, so that the requirements of deep and comprehensive optimization of sound environment quality are difficult to meet. Research shows that sound plays an important role in the health of the aged, the physiological and psychological health of the aged can be negatively influenced by long-term noise interference, and positive sounds such as natural sound, music sound and the like are helpful for stimulating the pleasant emotion of the aged and promoting physical and mental health, but further research is still needed, so that the inherent influence mechanism of the sound on the physiological and psychological health of the aged and specific configuration parameters for building the healthy sound environment are revealed. Therefore, how to scientifically and accurately measure the health benefit of acoustic environments of different activity spaces of the pension facilities provides a feasible optimization strategy, and has important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention provides a sound environment health benefit measurement and optimization method for the pension facilities, and provides an effective technical means for building comfortable and healthy pension facilities.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a sound environment health benefit measurement and optimization method for a pension facility comprises the following steps:
step 1: the sound environment health benefit measurement system of the pension facility is constructed, and the sound environment health benefit measurement system specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1.1: and setting monitoring points in different activity spaces of a large number of pension facilities, and collecting acoustic environment data.
Step 1.2: and collecting the physiological index change of the old people near the monitoring point position and subjective and objective evaluation data of the old people on the acoustic environment.
Step 1.3: and (3) performing principal component analysis, determining the weight of each index, and constructing a sound environment health benefit measurement system of the pension facility.
Step 2: the sound environment health benefit optimization of the pension facility is carried out, and the sound environment health benefit optimization method specifically comprises the following steps:
Step 2.1: setting monitoring points in different activity spaces of the pension facility to be optimized, collecting acoustic environment data of the pension facility to be optimized, and collecting physiological index changes of old people and subjective and objective evaluation data of the old people on the acoustic environment near the monitoring points of the pension facility to be optimized.
Step 2.2: inputting the data acquired in the step 2.1 into a sound environment health benefit measurement system of the pension facility to obtain the health benefits of sound environments of different movable spaces of the pension facility to be optimized, and finding out the places needing improvement in the pension facility to be optimized.
Step 2.3: and (3) carrying out a control variable experiment, analyzing the influence mechanisms of different activity space acoustic environments of the pension facility on the health benefits of the aged, determining healthy acoustic environment configuration parameters in the pension facility, and applying the healthy acoustic environment configuration parameters to the pension facility to be optimized.
Preferably, step 1.1 specifically comprises:
The outdoor space is divided into an outdoor space and an indoor space, the outdoor space is divided into an outdoor rest space and an outdoor exercise space, the indoor space is divided into an indoor reading space, an indoor movement space, an indoor dining space and an indoor living space, monitoring points are arranged in the outdoor rest space, the outdoor exercise space, the indoor reading space, the indoor movement space, the indoor dining space and the indoor living space, a decibel meter is arranged in the monitoring points, and the type of sound source is recorded.
Preferably, step 1.2 specifically comprises:
The aged is subjected to acoustic environment experience for 5 to 10 minutes near the monitoring point, the physiological index change of the aged is monitored in real time, and a subjective questionnaire is filled in; it should be noted that the time for the aged to experience each acoustic environment is the same in the vicinity of the monitoring site.
The physiological indexes comprise electrocardiosignals and electroencephalograms, the physiological indexes are collected by the portable physiological monitoring equipment, the electrocardiosignals use heart rate variability as analysis indexes, and the electroencephalograms use frontal lobe asymmetric activity indexes as analysis indexes.
Subjective questionnaires were scored on a rickett seven scale, from-3 to 3 with a degree of acceptance, and included 8 aspects: sound diversity, sound preference, sound comfort, sound naturalness, sound calm, sound annoyance, sound pleasure, and sound restorability.
Preferably, step 1.3 specifically comprises:
The on-site collected sound environment data, the physiological index data and the subjective questionnaire data collected by the test are input into SPSS software for principal component analysis, and the calculation process is divided into three steps: (1) calculating a linear matrix, and judging correlation among indexes; (2) determining the number of principal components and calculating a comprehensive score coefficient; (3) And calculating weight, determining final influence factors of various indexes of physiology and psychology, and constructing a sound environment health benefit measurement system of the pension facility.
Preferably, step 2.3 specifically comprises:
step 2.3.1: the elderly were sitting still for 3 minutes after preparing to wear the portable physiological monitor device indoors.
Step 2.3.2: the old person gets into the laboratory, can simulate outdoor space of rest, outdoor exercise space, indoor reading space, indoor motion space, indoor dining space and indoor living space in the laboratory.
When the laboratory simulates an outdoor rest space, the old people respectively sit and read, when the old people sit still and read, different sound source types and sound pressure levels are set in the laboratory, physiological indexes of the old people are recorded, and after the experience is finished, the old people fill in subjective questionnaires.
When the laboratory simulates outdoor exercise space, the old people exercise, when the old people exercise, different sound source types and sound pressure levels are set in the laboratory, physiological indexes of the old people are recorded, and after experience is finished, subjective questionnaires are filled in by the old people.
When the laboratory simulates an indoor reading space, the old people read, when the old people read, different sound source types and sound pressure levels are set in the laboratory, physiological indexes of the old people are recorded, and after experience is finished, the old people fill in subjective questionnaires.
When the laboratory simulates indoor movement space, the old performs movement, when the old moves, different sound source types and sound pressure levels are set in the laboratory, physiological indexes of the old are recorded, and after experience is finished, the old fills in subjective questionnaires.
When the laboratory simulates an indoor dining space, the old people take dinner, when the old people take dinner, different sound source types and sound pressure levels are set in the laboratory, physiological indexes of the old people are recorded, and after experience is finished, subjective questionnaires are filled in by the old people.
When the laboratory simulates an indoor living space, the old people are bedridden, when the old people are bedridden, different sound source types and sound pressure levels are set in the laboratory, physiological indexes of the old people are recorded, and after experience is finished, subjective questionnaires are filled in by the old people.
Step 2.3.3: and (3) inputting the physiological indexes, subjective questionnaires and corresponding sound source types and sound pressure levels of the aged people in different activity spaces acquired in the step (2.3.2) into a sound environment health benefit measurement system of the pension facility to obtain health benefits of the sound environments in different activity spaces, and determining healthy sound environment configuration parameters in the pension facility.
Step 2.3.4: and applying the healthy acoustic environment configuration parameters to the pension facilities to be optimized to complete acoustic environment optimization of the pension facilities.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
The sound environment health benefit measuring and optimizing method for the pension facilities provided by the invention has the advantages that on-site investigation is carried out on sound environments of pension facilities and behavior activities of old people, subjective questionnaire evaluation and objective physiological index evaluation are combined, the sound environment health benefit of the pension facilities is scientifically measured, and an effective technical means is provided for building comfortable and healthy sound environments of pension facilities. Based on field investigation and a sound environment health benefit measurement system of the aged care facility, sound environment health benefit measurement is realized, and the problems existing at present are accurately presented; the experimental study combines physiological and psychological indexes to scientifically quantify the influence mechanism of the acoustic environment on the heart health of the aged, determines the configuration parameters of the healthy acoustic environment, provides theoretical support for the proposal of the optimization strategy, realizes the fine optimization of the health benefits of the acoustic environment in different activity spaces in the pension facility, and has the advantages of high efficiency and universality.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a sound environment health benefit measurement and optimization method for a pension facility.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the invention will be given with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples:
Aiming at different behavioral activities of the aged, the invention systematically provides a method for measuring the sound environment health benefit of the aged, quantitatively describes the relationship between physiological and psychological indexes, constructs a sound environment health benefit measuring system of the aged, and realizes scientific measurement of the sound environment health benefit of the aged. The experimental study provides objective and accurate acoustic environment configuration parameters, the problem to be improved is found according to the on-site data acquisition and the health benefit measurement result, the experimental study result is compared, a corresponding optimization strategy is provided, and the fine design is carried out, so that the acoustic environment of the healthy and comfortable aged care facility is built.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, a sound environment health benefit measurement and optimization method for a pension facility comprises the following steps:
step 1: the sound environment health benefit measurement system of the pension facility is constructed, and the sound environment health benefit measurement system specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1.1: and setting monitoring points in different activity spaces of a large number of pension facilities, and collecting acoustic environment data.
The method specifically comprises the following steps: according to literature research and field investigation, the activity space of the old care facility is divided into an outdoor space and an indoor space, the outdoor space is divided into an outdoor rest space and an outdoor exercise space, the indoor space is divided into an indoor reading space, an indoor movement space, an indoor dining space and an indoor living space, monitoring points are arranged in the outdoor rest space, the outdoor exercise space, the indoor reading space, the indoor movement space, the indoor dining space and the indoor living space, sound environment data are collected mainly through field test, an AS804-Smart decibel meter is arranged in the monitoring points, sound pressure levels are measured by the decibel meter, and sound source types of different activity spaces are recorded.
Step 1.2: and collecting the physiological index change of the old people near the monitoring point position and subjective and objective evaluation data of the old people on the acoustic environment.
The method specifically comprises the following steps: the aged is subjected to acoustic environment experience for 5 to 10 minutes near the monitoring point, the physiological index change of the aged is monitored in real time, and a subjective questionnaire is filled in.
The physiological indexes comprise electrocardiosignals and electroencephalogram signals, and are collected by the portable physiological monitoring equipment; the electrocardiosignal is collected by an H-lieak portable electrocardio monitor by using heart rate variability as an analysis index, and the electroencephalogram is collected by Emotiv electroencephalogram equipment by using frontal lobe asymmetric activity index as an analysis index.
Heart rate variability is used to assess the relative activity of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves, a decrease in value indicating reduced sympathetic activity, and activation of vagal activity innervating the sinoatrial node, which has a beneficial effect on physiological health and positive mood; the frontal lobe asymmetry activity index reflects the difference in liveness of the left and right frontal lobes of the brain, and the higher the value, the more pleasant emotion.
Subjective questionnaires were scored on a rickett seven scale from-3 to 3 (very much different from-3, very much from 3) with 8 aspects: sound diversity, sound preference, sound comfort, sound naturalness, sound calm, sound annoyance, sound pleasure, and sound restorability.
Step 1.3: and (3) performing principal component analysis, determining the weight of each index, and constructing a sound environment health benefit measurement system of the pension facility.
The method specifically comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of inputting sound environment data collected on site, physiological index data collected by testing and subjective questionnaire data into SPSS software for principal component analysis, wherein the principal component analysis method is a dimension reduction statistical method commonly used for calculating weights of all components, and the calculation process comprises three steps: (1) calculating a linear matrix, and judging correlation among indexes; (2) determining the number of principal components and calculating a comprehensive score coefficient; (3) And calculating weight, determining final influence factors of various indexes of physiology and psychology, and constructing a sound environment health benefit measurement system of the pension facility.
Dividing the collected data of the field test of different activity spaces into different folders, and sorting and classifying according to outdoor rest space, outdoor exercise space, indoor reading space, indoor movement space, indoor dining space and indoor living space; the physiological index data and questionnaire data in each folder, including heart rate variability, frontal lobe asymmetry index, sound diversity, sound preference, sound comfort, sound naturalness, sound calm, sound annoyance, sound pleasure and sound restorability, are input into SPSS software to perform principal component analysis, and the weights of the 10 indexes are determined to be 6 weight systems in total; and summarizing the weight ratios of the different activity spaces to construct a sound environment health benefit measurement system of the pension facility, thereby providing a judgment standard for scientifically and accurately measuring the sound environment health benefit of the pension facility in the follow-up study.
The sound environment health benefit measuring system of the pension facility is constructed through on-site test of sound environments of different activity spaces of the pension facility and recording of physiological and psychological indexes of the old, so that scientific measurement of the sound environment health benefit of the different activity spaces of the pension facility is realized.
Step 2: the sound environment health benefit optimization of the pension facility is carried out, and the sound environment health benefit optimization method specifically comprises the following steps:
Step 2.1: setting monitoring points in different activity spaces of the pension facility to be optimized, collecting acoustic environment data of the pension facility to be optimized, and collecting physiological index changes of old people and subjective and objective evaluation data of the old people on the acoustic environment near the monitoring points of the pension facility to be optimized.
The procedure of step 2.1 is the same as the procedure of step 1.1 and step 1.2 and will not be repeated here.
Step 2.2: inputting the data acquired in the step 2.1 into a sound environment health benefit measurement system of the pension facility to obtain the health benefits of sound environments of different movable spaces of the pension facility to be optimized, and finding out the places needing improvement in the pension facility to be optimized.
For example, through the above-described process, it was found that there is an acoustic environmental problem in the outdoor rest space, the indoor reading space, and the indoor dining space in this pension facility, and improvement is required.
Step 2.3: and (3) carrying out a control variable experiment, analyzing the influence mechanisms of different activity space acoustic environments of the pension facility on the health benefits of the aged, determining healthy acoustic environment configuration parameters in the pension facility, and applying the healthy acoustic environment configuration parameters to the pension facility to be optimized.
Step 2.3 is to set different sound source types and sound pressure levels in a laboratory respectively, match different behavioral activities of the elderly, and analyze the influence rules of the different sound source types and sound pressure levels on the physiological and psychological health of the elderly by combining the physiological and psychological indexes of the elderly, thereby designing the optimal configuration parameters of the acoustic environment which are beneficial to the improvement of health benefits.
The method specifically comprises the following steps: step 2.3.1: after the aged wears the portable physiological monitor device in the preparation room, the aged sits still for 3 to 5 minutes so that the aged can perform experiments in a stable mental state and physiological state.
Step 2.3.2: the old person gets into in the laboratory, can simulate outdoor space of rest, outdoor exercise space, indoor reading space, indoor motion space, indoor dining space and indoor living space in the laboratory, set up different facilities when simulating different activity spaces to can more accurate acquisition experimental result.
As shown in table 1, when the laboratory simulates an outdoor rest space, the old performs sitting and reading respectively, and when the old sits and reads, the old sets different sound source types and sound pressure levels in the laboratory, records physiological indexes of the old, and fills out subjective questionnaires by the old after the experience is finished.
When the laboratory simulates outdoor exercise space, the old people exercise, when the old people exercise, different sound source types and sound pressure levels are set in the laboratory, physiological indexes of the old people are recorded, and after experience is finished, subjective questionnaires are filled in by the old people.
When the laboratory simulates an indoor reading space, the old people read, when the old people read, different sound source types and sound pressure levels are set in the laboratory, physiological indexes of the old people are recorded, and after experience is finished, the old people fill in subjective questionnaires.
When the laboratory simulates indoor movement space, the old performs movement, when the old moves, different sound source types and sound pressure levels are set in the laboratory, physiological indexes of the old are recorded, and after experience is finished, the old fills in subjective questionnaires.
When the laboratory simulates an indoor dining space, the old people take dinner, when the old people take dinner, different sound source types and sound pressure levels are set in the laboratory, physiological indexes of the old people are recorded, and after experience is finished, subjective questionnaires are filled in by the old people.
When the laboratory simulates an indoor living space, the old people are bedridden, when the old people are bedridden, different sound source types and sound pressure levels are set in the laboratory, physiological indexes of the old people are recorded, and after experience is finished, subjective questionnaires are filled in by the old people.
Table 1 experimental investigation of different conditions
It should be noted that the experience time of the aged is not too long under different working conditions, and the time is proper to be 5 to 10 minutes. For example, in an outdoor rest space, the elderly experience a sound pressure level of 50dB of running water for 6 minutes in a sitting state. Of course, it should be noted that the time of the elderly experience is the same under different conditions.
In the embodiment, only a few sound source types and sound pressure levels are listed, and in actual operation, more sound source types can be enriched, and a plurality of sound source types can be combined, so that the experimental result is more reliable.
Step 2.3.3: and (3) inputting the physiological indexes, subjective questionnaires and corresponding sound source types and sound pressure levels of the aged people in different activity spaces acquired in the step (2.3.2) into a sound environment health benefit measurement system of the pension facility to obtain health benefits of the sound environments in different activity spaces, and determining healthy sound environment configuration parameters in the pension facility.
Step 2.3.4: and applying the healthy acoustic environment configuration parameters to the pension facilities to be optimized to complete acoustic environment optimization of the pension facilities.
It should be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed, but to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed, and that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but is intended to cover modifications, adaptations, additions and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. The sound environment health benefit measurement and optimization method for the pension facility is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: the sound environment health benefit measurement system of the pension facility is constructed, and the sound environment health benefit measurement system specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1.1: setting monitoring points in different activity spaces of a large number of pension facilities, and collecting sound environment data;
Step 1.2: collecting the physiological index change of the old people near the monitoring point position and subjective and objective evaluation data of the old people on the acoustic environment;
Step 1.3: performing principal component analysis, determining each index weight, and constructing a sound environment health benefit measurement system of the pension facility;
step 2: the sound environment health benefit optimization of the pension facility is carried out, and the sound environment health benefit optimization method specifically comprises the following steps:
Step 2.1: setting monitoring points in different activity spaces of the pension facility to be optimized, collecting acoustic environment data of the pension facility to be optimized, and collecting physiological index changes of old people and subjective and objective evaluation data of the old people on the acoustic environment near the monitoring points of the pension facility to be optimized;
Step 2.2: inputting the data acquired in the step 2.1 into a sound environment health benefit measurement system of the pension facility to obtain health benefits of sound environments of different movable spaces of the pension facility to be optimized, and finding out places needing improvement in the pension facility to be optimized;
Step 2.3: developing a control variable experiment, analyzing influence mechanisms of acoustic environments of different movable spaces of the pension facility on health benefits of old people, determining healthy acoustic environment configuration parameters in the pension facility, and applying the healthy acoustic environment configuration parameters to the pension facility to be optimized;
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
Step 2.3.1: after the old people wear the portable physiological monitoring equipment in the room, the old people sit still for 3 minutes;
Step 2.3.2: the old people enter a laboratory, and outdoor rest space, outdoor exercise space, indoor reading space, indoor movement space, indoor dining space and indoor living space can be simulated in the laboratory;
When a laboratory simulates an outdoor rest space, the old people respectively sit and read, when the old people sit still and read, different sound source types and sound pressure levels are set in the laboratory, physiological indexes of the old people are recorded, and after the experience is finished, the old people fill in subjective questionnaires;
When the laboratory simulates an outdoor exercise space, the old performs exercise, when the old performs exercise, different sound source types and sound pressure levels are set in the laboratory, physiological indexes of the old are recorded, and after the experience is finished, the old fills in subjective questionnaires;
When the laboratory simulates an indoor reading space, the old people read, and when the old people read, different sound source types and sound pressure levels are set in the laboratory, physiological indexes of the old people are recorded, and after the experience is finished, the old people fill in subjective questionnaires;
When the laboratory simulates an indoor movement space, the old performs movement, when the old performs movement, different sound source types and sound pressure levels are set in the laboratory, physiological indexes of the old are recorded, and after the experience is finished, the old fills in a subjective questionnaire;
when the laboratory simulates an indoor dining space, the elderly take dinner, different sound source types and sound pressure levels are set in the laboratory when the elderly take dinner, physiological indexes of the elderly are recorded, and after the experience is finished, the elderly fill in subjective questionnaires;
When a laboratory simulates an indoor living space, an old person is bedridden, when the old person is bedridden, different sound source types and sound pressure levels are set in the laboratory, physiological indexes of the old person are recorded, and after the experience is finished, the old person fills in a subjective questionnaire;
step 2.3.3: inputting the physiological indexes, subjective questionnaires and corresponding sound source types and sound pressure levels of the elderly acquired in the step 2.3.2 in the sound environment health benefit measurement system of the pension facility to obtain the health benefits of the sound environments of the different activity spaces, and determining the healthy sound environment configuration parameters in the pension facility;
Step 2.3.4: and applying the healthy acoustic environment configuration parameters to the pension facilities to be optimized to complete acoustic environment optimization of the pension facilities.
2. The method for measuring and optimizing sound environmental health benefit of a pension facility according to claim 1, wherein step 1.1 specifically comprises:
The outdoor space is divided into an outdoor space and an indoor space, the outdoor space is divided into an outdoor rest space and an outdoor exercise space, the indoor space is divided into an indoor reading space, an indoor movement space, an indoor dining space and an indoor living space, monitoring points are arranged in the outdoor rest space, the outdoor exercise space, the indoor reading space, the indoor movement space, the indoor dining space and the indoor living space, a decibel meter is arranged in the monitoring points, and the type of sound source is recorded.
3. The method for measuring and optimizing sound environmental health benefit of a pension facility according to claim 1, wherein step 1.2 specifically comprises:
the aged is subjected to acoustic environment experience for 5 to 10 minutes near the monitoring point, the physiological index change of the aged is monitored in real time, and a subjective questionnaire is filled in;
the physiological indexes comprise electrocardiosignals and electroencephalograms, the physiological indexes are collected by the portable physiological monitoring equipment, the electrocardiosignals use heart rate variability as analysis indexes, and the electroencephalograms use frontal lobe asymmetric activity indexes as analysis indexes;
subjective questionnaires were scored on a rickett seven scale, from-3 to 3 with a degree of acceptance, and included 8 aspects: sound diversity, sound preference, sound comfort, sound naturalness, sound calm, sound annoyance, sound pleasure, and sound restorability.
4. The method for measuring and optimizing sound environmental health benefit of a pension facility according to claim 3, wherein step 1.3 specifically comprises:
The on-site collected sound environment data, the physiological index data and the subjective questionnaire data collected by the test are input into SPSS software for principal component analysis, and the calculation process is divided into three steps: (1) calculating a linear matrix, and judging correlation among indexes; (2) determining the number of principal components and calculating a comprehensive score coefficient; (3) And calculating weight, determining final influence factors of various indexes of physiology and psychology, and constructing a sound environment health benefit measurement system of the pension facility.
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