CN116931078A - Horizon fine tracking method - Google Patents
Horizon fine tracking method Download PDFInfo
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- CN116931078A CN116931078A CN202210369150.4A CN202210369150A CN116931078A CN 116931078 A CN116931078 A CN 116931078A CN 202210369150 A CN202210369150 A CN 202210369150A CN 116931078 A CN116931078 A CN 116931078A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/30—Analysis
- G01V1/301—Analysis for determining seismic cross-sections or geostructures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/30—Analysis
- G01V1/307—Analysis for determining seismic attributes, e.g. amplitude, instantaneous phase or frequency, reflection strength or polarity
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/36—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
- G01V1/362—Effecting static or dynamic corrections; Stacking
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/30—Assessment of water resources
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a horizon fine tracking method, and belongs to the technical field of seismic exploration. The horizon fine tracking method provided by the invention comprises the following steps of: determining an earthquake event near a geological interface according to well earthquake calibration, tracking a backbone profile horizon of a well connecting in the earthquake event, then carrying out full-area horizon tracking, carrying out wave impedance inversion under the constraint of the tracked full-area horizons, carrying out adjustment and refinement on the tracked full-area horizons on a wave impedance inversion body according to the geological interface calibrated by drilling, carrying out lithologic inversion under the constraint of the refined and adjusted horizons, and carrying out adjustment and refinement again on the refined and adjusted horizons on the lithologic inversion body according to the geological interface calibrated by drilling to obtain the horizons indicating the geological interface. According to the horizon fine tracking method, the method for adjusting the refined horizon step by step on the inversion body reduces errors between the seismic horizon and the geological interface, particularly improves the objectivity of horizon interpretation in a complex-structure area, and reduces the risk of artificial subjectivity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a horizon fine tracking method, and belongs to the technical field of seismic exploration.
Background
In the exploration and development of oil and gas, three-dimensional seismic horizon interpretation is the most basic and important work, and the reliability and accuracy of the interpretation directly influence the prediction results of subsequent reservoirs and even the rationality of the evaluation results of the whole oil and gas reservoir. The existing horizon interpretation method generally follows a certain principle, generally adopts an extreme value or a critical value interpretation method of an earthquake phase axis, is simpler, has high execution efficiency, is easy to generate a string axis phenomenon in a complex-structure area, has larger difference with a geological interface due to the adoption of a horizon interface tracked by the earthquake phase axis, and is hardly related to the technical method disclosed by the publication aiming at the difficult problem.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a horizon fine tracking method which can reduce errors between a seismic horizon and a geological interface.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a horizon fine tracking method comprising the steps of:
1) Performing well earthquake synthetic record calibration based on the drilled well data and the earthquake data of the research area;
2) Determining a seismic reflection wave group corresponding to a target horizon according to well seismic synthesis record calibration, tracking a connecting well backbone profile horizon on a seismic event determined by the seismic reflection wave group, and then carrying out full-area seismic horizon tracking;
3) Performing wave impedance inversion under the constraint of the full-area seismic horizon tracked in the step 2) to obtain a wave impedance inversion body;
4) Adjusting and refining the full-area seismic horizon tracked in the step 2) on a wave impedance inversion body according to a geological interface calibrated by drilling;
5) Carrying out lithologic inversion under the constraint of the layer after the refinement and adjustment in the step 4) to obtain a lithologic inversion body;
6) And (3) carrying out adjustment and refinement again on the layer position subjected to the refinement and adjustment in the step (4) on the lithologic inversion body according to the geological interface calibrated by drilling to obtain the layer position indicating the geological interface.
According to the horizon fine tracking method, the method for adjusting the refined horizon step by step on the inversion body reduces errors between the seismic horizon and the geological interface, particularly improves the objectivity of horizon interpretation in a complex-structure area, and reduces the risk of artificial subjectivity.
Further, in step 1), the drilling data includes sonic time difference of real drilling, density logging data, and stratified data. The seismic data is a three-dimensional seismic data volume of a research area.
In step 2), the horizon tracking is performed according to the maximum value of the three-dimensional seismic wave crest in the seismic event tracking connecting well backbone section horizon. When the same-phase axis of the earthquake is determined, the result of well earthquake synthetic record calibration is displayed on a three-dimensional earthquake section, an earthquake reflection wave group corresponding to a target horizon is determined, and the same-phase axis of the earthquake near a geological interface is determined based on the earthquake reflection wave group.
Further, in step 3), the method adopted in developing the wave impedance inversion is a post-stack geostatistical inversion method. When wave impedance inversion is carried out under the constraint of the tracked horizon in the step 2), firstly, tracking a three-dimensional seismic profile horizon of a research area according to the tracked backbone profile horizon of the well, then establishing a stratum grid according to the tracked seismic horizon, and carrying out wave impedance inversion by adopting a post-stack geostatistical inversion method to obtain a wave impedance inversion body.
In the step 4), the full-area seismic horizon tracked in the step 2) is adjusted and refined on a wave impedance inversion body according to a wave impedance difference interface. Specifically, tracking is performed according to geological horizons of the real well at the position with the real well, wave impedance distribution ranges of two geological horizons forming a target horizon are respectively counted among the wells, and tracking refinement adjustment is performed on the full-area seismic horizon tracked in the step 2) according to the difference of wave impedance of the upper layer and the lower layer and the full-area seismic horizon trend obtained in the step 2).
Further, in step 5), the lithology inversion adopts a post-stack geostatistical inversion method to invert the stratum sensitive parameters capable of indicating lithology differences. The formation sensitive parameter is a logging parameter. The formation sensitive parameter is natural gamma or compensated neutrons.
Further, the geological interface of the destination horizon indication is a geological interface with lithology differences. Because the target horizon is a geological interface calibrated according to the well, that is to say, the geological interface calibrated by the well has lithology differences.
Further, in step 6), the horizons refined and adjusted in step 4) are adjusted and refined again on the lithology inversion body according to the geological interface of lithology difference. Specifically, based on a geological interface calibrated by drilling, the distribution range of logging parameters of the upper geological layer and the lower geological layer of the target horizon is counted respectively, logging sensitive parameters and logging sensitive parameter threshold values which can distinguish the two geological horizons are determined, a lithology difference interface is determined based on the logging sensitive parameter threshold values, and then the lithology inversion body is adopted to adjust and refine the horizons subjected to the refinement and adjustment in the step 4). And based on the determined sensitive parameter threshold value, displaying the layer subjected to the refinement and adjustment in the step 4) on a lithologic inversion body, and searching a lithologic difference geological interface near the seismic layer obtained in the step 4) on the lithologic inversion body.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a horizon refinement tracking method according to an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a histogram of the wave impedance distribution of the sand shale above and below two geologic horizons obtained in the examples;
FIG. 3 is a seismic cross-section based on three-dimensional seismic event horizon tracking as obtained in the examples;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a horizon refinement trace based on wave impedance inversion data obtained in an embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a lithologic inversion data based horizon refinement tracking obtained in an embodiment.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below with reference to the specific embodiments.
Examples
Taking the interface between the section 1 of the lower stone box group and the section 2+3 of the box layer of the ancient world in a certain area as an example, the section 1 of the lower stone box group is arranged at the lower part of a stratum, and the section 2+3 of the lower stone box group is arranged at the upper part of the stratum for integrated contact; the top of the 1 section of the lower stone box group is commonly developed with a set of mudstones, the bottom of the 2+3 sections is developed with a set of sandstones, the two geological layers are different in lithology up and down, and the range of the research area is 400km 2 And 59 openings of the drilling holes are drilled in the target layer-lower stone box group, and the whole area is covered by the three-dimensional earthquake.
The process of the horizon fine tracking method of the embodiment is shown in fig. 1, and includes the following steps:
1) And loading seismic data volumes and 59 drilling data in the research block.
The seismic data body is a three-dimensional post-stack offset superposition data body, and the format is segy; the drilling data comprises data such as wellhead information (coordinates and elevations), drilling tracks, sonic logging, gamma logging, density logging, neutron logging, logging interpretation profile, well layering and the like, and the format is dat;
2) Performing well earthquake synthetic record calibration through the drilled well data and the earthquake data;
3) Displaying the result of the well earthquake synthetic record calibration in the step 2) on a three-dimensional earthquake section, determining an earthquake reflection wave group corresponding to a target layer, and determining an earthquake event near a geological interface of well drilling calibration based on the earthquake reflection wave group;
4) According to the seismic event determined in the step 3), carrying out the horizon tracking of the connected well backbone profile by adopting the principle of the maximum value of the seismic event;
5) Tracking the three-dimensional seismic profile horizon of the research area according to the backbone profile horizon of the well connection obtained in the step 4), wherein the result is shown in figure 3, and the well A and the well B are real well drilling;
6) Establishing a stratum grid by utilizing the seismic horizons of the whole area of the research area obtained by tracking in the step 5), and carrying out wave impedance inversion by adopting a post-stack geostatistical inversion method to obtain a wave impedance inversion body;
7) Based on a geological interface calibrated by drilling, calculating the distribution ranges of wave impedances of different lithologies on the geological interface of real drilling (shown in figure 2), obtaining the wave impedance value of the mudstone at the top of the box 1 section of the lower stone box group by real drilling statistics as a set A= (9500, 12000), and the wave impedance of the sandstone at the bottom of the box 2+3 section as a set A= (8500, 11000), wherein the wave impedance of the mudstone at the top of the box 1 section is considered to be larger than the wave impedance of the sandstone at the bottom of the box 2+3 section;
8) Displaying the seismic horizon tracked in the step 5) on a wave impedance inversion body, tracking by adopting a geological horizon of a real well at a position with the real well, respectively counting the wave impedance distribution ranges of an upper geological horizon and a lower geological horizon of a target horizon between wells, searching a wave impedance value difference interface near the seismic horizon on the wave impedance inversion body according to the difference of the wave impedances of the upper geological horizon and the lower geological horizon and the analysis result of the step 7), and displaying the wave impedance value difference interface near the seismic horizon on the wave impedance inversion body according to the wave impedance difference interface, and refining and adjusting the full-area seismic horizon tracked in the step 5), wherein the first refined horizon is the refined full-area seismic horizon in the figure 4, as shown in the figure 4;
9) Establishing a stratum grid by utilizing the layer after the refinement and adjustment in the step 8), selecting a compensation neutron curve with higher lithology recognition degree in a research area, and performing post-stack geostatistical inversion to obtain a lithology inversion body;
10 Based on the geological interface calibrated by drilling, respectively counting the distribution range of each logging parameter of the upper and lower geological layers (namely a box 1 section and a box 2+3 section) of the target horizon, determining the logging sensitivity parameter capable of distinguishing the two geological layers as compensation neutrons, counting the distribution range of neutron values of the top mudstone of the box 1 section and the bottom sandstone of the box 2+3 section of the lower stone box group, considering that the compensated neutron value of the top mudstone of the box 1 section is more than 20, the compensated neutron of the bottom sandstone of the box 2+3 section is less than 20, taking the compensation neutrons 20 as the boundary value of lithology difference, displaying the horizon obtained in the step 8) on a lithology inversion body, searching the lithology interface of lithology difference near the seismic horizon obtained in the step 8), and carrying out refinement adjustment on the refined horizon of the step 8) according to the interface to obtain the horizon indicating the geological interface, as shown in fig. 5.
In other embodiments of the horizon fine tracking method of the present invention, the method of steps 8) to 10) may be used to perform fine tracking step by step on other horizons involved in building the stratigraphic framework in step 6).
According to the method, the errors of the seismic horizon tracking interface and the geological interface are reduced, particularly in a region with a complex structure, horizon interpretation accuracy is improved, and the problem of fine horizon interpretation of the most basic horizon in seismic reservoir prediction in exploration and development is solved.
Claims (8)
1. A horizon fine tracking method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
1) Performing well earthquake synthetic record calibration based on the drilled well data and the earthquake data of the research area;
2) Determining a seismic reflection wave group corresponding to a target horizon according to well seismic synthesis record calibration, tracking a connecting well backbone profile horizon on a seismic event determined by the seismic reflection wave group, and then carrying out full-area seismic horizon tracking;
3) Performing wave impedance inversion under the constraint of the full-area seismic horizon tracked in the step 2) to obtain a wave impedance inversion body;
4) Adjusting and refining the full-area seismic horizon tracked in the step 2) on a wave impedance inversion body according to a geological interface calibrated by drilling;
5) Carrying out lithologic inversion under the constraint of the layer after the refinement and adjustment in the step 4) to obtain a lithologic inversion body;
6) And (3) carrying out adjustment and refinement again on the layer position subjected to the refinement and adjustment in the step (4) on the lithologic inversion body according to the geological interface calibrated by drilling to obtain the layer position indicating the geological interface.
2. The horizon refinement tracking method of claim 1, wherein: in the step 1), the drilling data comprise acoustic time difference of real drilling, density logging data and layering data; the seismic data is a three-dimensional seismic data volume of a research area.
3. The horizon refinement tracking method of claim 1, wherein: in the step 2), the horizon of the connected-well backbone section is tracked according to the maximum value of the three-dimensional seismic wave crest in the seismic event axis.
4. The horizon refinement tracking method of claim 1, wherein: in step 3), the method used in developing the wave impedance inversion is a post-stack geostatistical inversion method.
5. The horizon refinement tracking method of claim 1, wherein: in the step 4), the horizon tracked in the step 2) is adjusted and refined on the wave impedance inversion body according to the difference interface of the wave impedance.
6. The horizon refinement tracking method of claim 1, wherein: in the step 5), inversion is carried out on stratum sensitive parameters capable of indicating lithology differences by adopting a post-stack geostatistical inversion method; the formation sensitive parameter is natural gamma or compensated neutrons.
7. The horizon refinement tracking method of claim 1, wherein: the geological interface of the destination horizon indication is a geological interface with lithology difference.
8. The horizon refinement tracking method of claim 1, wherein: in the step 6), the layer position subjected to the refining and adjustment in the step 4) is subjected to adjustment and refinement again on a lithologic inversion body according to a geological interface of lithologic difference.
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| CN202210369150.4A CN116931078A (en) | 2022-04-08 | 2022-04-08 | Horizon fine tracking method |
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| CN202210369150.4A CN116931078A (en) | 2022-04-08 | 2022-04-08 | Horizon fine tracking method |
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