CN116925321A - Preparation method and application of metal-free organic polymer catalyst - Google Patents
Preparation method and application of metal-free organic polymer catalyst Download PDFInfo
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- CN116925321A CN116925321A CN202310722211.5A CN202310722211A CN116925321A CN 116925321 A CN116925321 A CN 116925321A CN 202310722211 A CN202310722211 A CN 202310722211A CN 116925321 A CN116925321 A CN 116925321A
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- ROBVLQBZPQQRTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].C1=CN=NN=C1 Chemical compound [N].C1=CN=NN=C1 ROBVLQBZPQQRTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 19
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- ALQLPWJFHRMHIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-diisocyanatobenzene Chemical compound O=C=NC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 ALQLPWJFHRMHIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006352 cycloaddition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- QORUGOXNWQUALA-UHFFFAOYSA-N N=C=O.N=C=O.N=C=O.C1=CC=C(C(C2=CC=CC=C2)C2=CC=CC=C2)C=C1 Chemical compound N=C=O.N=C=O.N=C=O.C1=CC=C(C(C2=CC=CC=C2)C2=CC=CC=C2)C=C1 QORUGOXNWQUALA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- WHSQATVVMVBGNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4,6-bis(4-aminophenyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1C1=NC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=NC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=N1 WHSQATVVMVBGNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- CZGWDPMDAIPURF-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4,6-dihydrazinyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)hydrazine Chemical compound NNC1=NC(NN)=NC(NN)=N1 CZGWDPMDAIPURF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GGWRKPJRGMCLQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[[4,6-bis(4-aminophenoxy)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]oxy]aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1OC1=NC(OC=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=NC(OC=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=N1 GGWRKPJRGMCLQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 10
- SHQUDBFKCYPHRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-chloro-5-methyl-1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound CC=1OC(=O)OC=1Cl SHQUDBFKCYPHRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 7
- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epichlorohydrin Chemical compound ClCC1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- LHESGZACIHEFGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopropen-1-yl hydrogen carbonate Chemical compound C1C=C1OC(=O)O LHESGZACIHEFGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002924 oxiranes Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- LRWZZZWJMFNZIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-3-methyloxirane Chemical compound CC1OC1Cl LRWZZZWJMFNZIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000013310 covalent-organic framework Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002638 heterogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012621 metal-organic framework Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triazine Chemical group C1=CN=NN=C1 JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001157 Fourier transform infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 metal complexes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZWAJLVLEBYIOTI-OLQVQODUSA-N (1s,6r)-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane Chemical compound C1CCC[C@@H]2O[C@@H]21 ZWAJLVLEBYIOTI-OLQVQODUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGHSXKTVMPXHNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diisocyanatobenzene Chemical compound O=C=NC1=CC=CC(N=C=O)=C1 VGHSXKTVMPXHNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AWMVMTVKBNGEAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene oxide Chemical compound C1OC1C1=CC=CC=C1 AWMVMTVKBNGEAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene Substances C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UCGZMINBJPHJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid;cyclopropene Chemical compound C1C=C1.OC(O)=O UCGZMINBJPHJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007809 chemical reaction catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002815 homogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002843 nonmetals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000013384 organic framework Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/06—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D317/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D317/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3
- C07D317/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 not condensed with other rings
- C07D317/32—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 not condensed with other rings with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D317/34—Oxygen atoms
- C07D317/36—Alkylene carbonates; Substituted alkylene carbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/30—Low-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/38—Low-molecular-weight compounds having heteroatoms other than oxygen
- C08G18/3819—Low-molecular-weight compounds having heteroatoms other than oxygen having nitrogen
- C08G18/3842—Low-molecular-weight compounds having heteroatoms other than oxygen having nitrogen containing heterocyclic rings having at least one nitrogen atom in the ring
- C08G18/3851—Low-molecular-weight compounds having heteroatoms other than oxygen having nitrogen containing heterocyclic rings having at least one nitrogen atom in the ring containing three nitrogen atoms in the ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
- C08G18/74—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic
- C08G18/76—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic
- C08G18/7614—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing only one aromatic ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
- C08G18/74—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic
- C08G18/76—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic
- C08G18/7657—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings
- C08G18/7664—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings containing alkylene polyphenyl groups
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a metal-free organic polymer catalyst, which takes isocyanate and triazine nitrogen-containing heterocyclic organic matters as raw materials, and after reflux reaction for 12-36 hours under the conditions of existence of solvent, nitrogen atmosphere and 80-120 ℃, reaction products are cooled to room temperature, solid-liquid separation, solid washing and drying are carried out, thus obtaining the metal-free organic polymer catalyst 2 The method disclosed by the invention is simple and easy to operate, and is suitable for industrial production and market popularization and application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a metal-free organic polymer catalyst and a catalyst for catalyzing CO 2 The application of the catalyst in the conversion into cyclic carbonate belongs to the field of material chemical industry.
Background
With the rapid development of industry, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is rapidly increased, and a plurality of environmental problems such as seawater acidification, climate warming and the like are brought. In addition, CO 2 Is also a C1 resource which has rich reserves, low cost, no toxicity and reproducibility. Realization of CO 2 The emission reduction and the resource utilization are significant for improving the ecological environment. CO 2 Cycloaddition with epoxy compounds not only has 100% atomic efficiency, but also can synthesize high-value cyclic carbonates which are widely used in the fields of batteries, solvents, polyesters, organic synthesis, etc., however, due to CO 2 The inherent thermodynamic stability and kinetic inertness require the development of green, highly efficient catalysts.
Many applications for CO have been reported 2 And cycloaddition reaction catalysts of epoxy compounds, including metal complexes, metal oxides, organic bases, carbon materials, ionic liquids, organic polymers, metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs), covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs), and the like. The catalysts described above show good catalytic properties, but all suffer from certain drawbacks. For example, homogeneous catalysts such as metal complexes, ionic liquids, organic bases, etc. have excellent catalytic activity, but have problems of difficult separation and environmental pollution. Early heterogeneous catalysts such as metal oxides and carbon materials were poorly active and high temperatures and pressures were typically required to catalyze the reaction. In recent years, organic framework materials such as MOFs and COFs are continuously emerging, and the problems of high cost, complex preparation and the like are plagued by people although the catalytic effect is good. In addition, metal-containing catalysts may leach out metal residues from the product, while halogen-containing catalysts, including cocatalysts, may not only corrode equipment, but also cause environmental pollution. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a heterogeneous catalyst which is free of metals, halogen, simple to prepare and has high catalytic activity.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention is thatThe preparation method of the metal-free organic polymer catalyst comprises the steps of taking isocyanate and triazine nitrogen-containing heterocyclic organic matters as raw materials, carrying out reflux reaction for 12-36h in the presence of a solvent and under the atmosphere of nitrogen at 80-120 ℃, cooling a reaction product to room temperature, carrying out solid-liquid separation, and washing and drying solids to obtain the metal-free organic polymer catalyst; the invention prepares the catalyst by a one-step method, and the catalyst prepares CO under the condition of no cocatalyst and solvent 2 The catalyst is converted into cyclic carbonate with epoxide, and has the advantages of obvious catalytic effect, high selectivity, mild reaction condition and recycling for a plurality of times; the catalyst accords with the concept of economy, green and sustainable and is used in CO 2 The method has unique advantages in the aspects of conversion, emission reduction and the like.
The isocyanate is one of p-phenylene diisocyanate, 1, 3-phenylene diisocyanate, toluene-2, 3-diisocyanate and triphenylmethane triisocyanate.
The triazine nitrogen-containing heterocyclic organic matter is one of melamine, 2,4, 6-tri (4-aminophenyl) -1,3, 5-triazine, 2,4, 6-tri (4-aminophenoxy) -1,3, 5-triazine, 2, 6-trihydrazino-1, 3, 5-triazine and triphenylmethane triisocyanate.
The solvent is one or more of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N-dimethylacetamide, ethylene glycol, methanol, N-dimethylformamide, 1, 4-dioxane and acetic acid.
The molar ratio of the isocyanate to the triazine nitrogen-containing heterocyclic organic matter is 3:1-3.
The catalyst prepared by the method is applied to the synthesis of the cyclic carbonate; specifically, adding a catalyst and epoxide into a high-pressure reaction kettle according to the mol ratio of 1:100-1000, and carrying out CO (carbon monoxide) 2 The autoclave was subjected to 3 times of CO at room temperature before cycloaddition 2 Purging to remove impurities and then adjusting the initial CO 2 Pressure (0.1-1.5 MPa), reacting at 80-120deg.C for 2-10 hr, cooling the autoclave to below 10deg.C with ice bath, slowly releasing residual gas, filtering, collecting catalyst and reaction product, and collecting epoxyThe chemical compound is one of propylene oxide, epichlorohydrin, styrene oxide, cyclohexane oxide and ethylene oxide.
Characterization of the resulting catalyst by Fourier transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), finding the formation of-NH-bonds and the corresponding positions-NH in the catalyst 2 And the disappearance of the n=c=o bond, proving that the catalyst has been successfully prepared; nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum [ ] 1 H-NMR) also further demonstrates that the catalyst can successfully catalyze CO 2 With epoxides to give cyclic carbonate products.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) The catalyst is prepared by adopting an environment-friendly and low-cost one-step method with isocyanate and triazine nitrogen-containing heterocyclic organic matters as precursors;
(2) The catalyst is used in CO under the conditions of no cocatalyst and no solvent 2 The catalyst has remarkable catalytic effect, high selectivity, mild reaction condition and recycling for many times in the reaction of converting epoxide into cyclic carbonate, has good structural stability and recoverability, and is easy to separate from products; in addition, the catalyst also has higher catalytic activity on a series of epoxy compounds;
(3) Non-metal, halogen-free heterogeneous catalyst capable of effectively converting CO 2 The design idea of the catalyst is that the secondary pollution caused by participation of transition metal and corrosion of reaction equipment caused by a halogen-containing cocatalyst are avoided;
the catalyst of the invention accords with the concept of economic and green sustainable development and is prepared in CO 2 The method has the advantages of simplicity and easiness in operation, and is suitable for industrial production and market popularization and application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR) diagram of the organic polymer catalyst prepared in example 1; wherein Melamine is Melamine, 1,4-Phenylene diisocyanate is 1, 4-benzene diisocyanate, and UM-OP is a metal-free organic polymer catalyst;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the application of the organic polymer catalyst prepared in example 1 to the catalysis of epoxyChloropropane and CO 2 Nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum of the obtained cyclic carbonate 1 H-NMR) chart.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to examples and figures, but is not limited in any way, and any alterations or substitutions based on the teachings of the invention are within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
(1) A three-necked flask with a stirrer and a condenser was filled with melamine (1.01 g,8 mmol), 1, 4-benzene diisocyanate (1.92 g,12 mmol) and 50mL of DMSO as solvents in this order, and then refluxed for 24 hours at 100℃under a nitrogen atmosphere;
(2) After the reaction is finished, cooling the reaction product to room temperature, filtering, alternately washing the solid with deionized water and acetone, and finally vacuum drying at 60 ℃ to obtain a melamine polymer UM-OP; the catalyst obtained was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and the results are shown in FIG. 1, which shows 3418cm from the FT-IR spectrum -1 And 3470cm -1 The characteristic absorption peak at the site is attributed to-NH in melamine 2 Is free of-NH-in UM-OP 2 And the triazine ring has a characteristic absorption peak of 1552cm -1 Where, description is given of melamine-NH 2 Takes part in the polymerization reaction, and the triazine ring is reserved; at 2270cm -1 The absorption peak at this point is due to the stretching vibration of-n=c=o in 1,4-phenyl diisocyanate, the characteristic absorption peak of-n=c=o in UM-OP disappears, and the stretching vibration peak of c=o is 1635cm -1 This indicates that the reaction was successful and that the result indicated that the metal-free organic polymer catalyst had been successfully prepared;
(3) Application of the catalyst to the catalysis of CO 2 And epoxy compound to synthesize cyclic carbonate, adding melamine polymer (UM-OP) 0.0458g and epoxy chloropropane 2mL into a high-pressure reactor, and introducing pure CO 2 After 3 times of air in the kettle is replaced, CO is introduced 2 After the pressure in the kettle reaches 1.0MPa, the air inlet and outlet valves are closed, the reaction is carried out for 8 hours at 120 ℃, and after the reaction is finished, ice is usedThe bath is used for reducing the temperature of the autoclave to 5 ℃ and slowly releasing residual gas, finally, the reaction product is filtered, and the liquid is collected to obtain the product of the cyclopropylchloro-propylene carbonate, and the nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum of the product is [ 1 H-NMR) is shown in fig. 2, from which it can be seen that the chemical shifts of the cyclopropylchloro carbonate are δ=5.06 ppm,4.63ppm,4.43ppm,3.87ppm,3.75ppm, respectively, from which CO is determined 2 Cycloaddition reaction with epoxy chloropropane to generate the cyclic chloropropene carbonate, and calculating the yield and selectivity of the cyclic chloropropene carbonate (CPC) through integration, wherein the yield is 97 percent, and the selectivity is 99 percent;
the filtered filter residue is used as a catalyst, the catalyst is washed by methanol for 4 times, and then is dried in a vacuum oven at 60 ℃ for 8 hours and is reused for CO 2 Cycloaddition reaction with epichlorohydrin to synthesize cyclic carbonate under the same conditions as above 1 The yield of the cyclic chloropropene carbonate is 97% by H-NMR measurement, the catalyst is recycled for the second time, and the yield of the cyclic chloropropene carbonate is 93%; the catalyst is recycled for the third time, and the yield of the cyclopropene carbonate is 92%; the catalyst is recycled for the fourth time, and the yield of the cyclopropenyl carbonate is 90%; the catalyst is recycled for the fifth time, and the yield of the cyclopropenyl carbonate is 87%; the catalyst is recycled for the sixth time, and the yield of the cyclopropenyl carbonate is 83%.
Example 2
(1) A three-neck flask with a stirrer and a condenser is filled with melamine (1.01 g,8 mmol), toluene-2, 5-diisocyanate (2.09 g,12 mmol) and 50mL DMSO as solvents in sequence, and reflux reaction is carried out for 24h under nitrogen atmosphere at 100 ℃;
(2) After the reaction is finished, cooling to room temperature, filtering, alternately washing the solid with deionized water and acetone, and vacuum drying the solid at 60 ℃ to obtain a melamine polymer UM-OP-1, and characterizing the product by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), wherein the result shows that the metal-free organic polymer catalyst has been successfully prepared;
(3) 0.0458g of melamine polymer (UM-OP-1) and 2mL of epichlorohydrin are added into a high-pressure reaction kettle in sequence, and pure CO is introduced 2 3 times of air in the kettle is replaced, and CO is introduced 2 So that the pressure in the kettle reaches 1.0MPaClosing an air inlet and outlet valve, reacting for 8 hours at 120 ℃, after the reaction is finished, reducing the temperature of the autoclave to 8 ℃ by using an ice bath, slowly releasing residual gas, filtering, and collecting liquid, namely the product of the cyclopropenyl carbonate, wherein the yield of the cyclopropenyl carbonate is 93%, and the selectivity is 99%;
example 3
(1) A three-neck flask with a stirrer and a condenser is filled with melamine (1.01 g,8 mmol), 1, 3-benzene diisocyanate (1.92 g,12 mmol) and 50mL of N, N-dimethylformamide which are taken as solvents in sequence, and reflux reaction is carried out for 24 hours at 100 ℃ under nitrogen atmosphere;
(2) After the reaction is finished, cooling to room temperature, filtering, alternately washing the solid with deionized water and acetone, and vacuum drying the solid at 60 ℃ to obtain a melamine polymer UM-OP-2;
(3) 0.0485g of melamine polymer (UM-OP-2) and 2mL of epichlorohydrin are added into a high-pressure reaction kettle in sequence, and pure CO is introduced 2 Replacing the air in the kettle for 3 times, and introducing CO again 2 After the pressure in the autoclave reaches 1.0MPa, the gas inlet and outlet valves are closed, the reaction is carried out for 8 hours at 120 ℃, after the reaction is finished, the temperature of the autoclave is reduced to 6 ℃ by using an ice bath, residual gas is slowly released, finally, the reaction product is filtered, the collected liquid is the cyclic carbonate product, the yield of the cyclic chloropropene carbonate is 95%, and the selectivity is 99%.
Example 4
(1) A three-neck flask with a stirrer and a condenser is filled with melamine (1.01 g,8 mmol), triphenylmethane triisocyanate (4.41 g,12 mmol) and 50mL of N, N-dimethylacetamide as solvents in sequence, and reflux reaction is carried out for 24 hours at 100 ℃ under nitrogen atmosphere;
(2) After the reaction is finished, cooling to room temperature, filtering, alternately washing the solid with deionized water and acetone, and vacuum drying the solid at 60 ℃ to obtain a melamine polymer UM-OP-3;
(3) 0.0846g of melamine polymer (UM-OP-3) and 2mL of epichlorohydrin are added into a high-pressure reaction kettle in sequence, and pure CO is introduced 2 Replacing the air in the kettle for 3 times, and introducing CO again 2 After the pressure in the kettle reaches 1.0MPa, the kettle is closedAnd (3) an air outlet valve, wherein the reaction is carried out for 8 hours at 120 ℃, after the reaction is finished, the temperature of the autoclave is reduced to below 10 ℃ by using an ice bath, residual gas is slowly released, finally, the reaction product is filtered, and liquid is collected, so that the cyclic carbonate product is obtained, the yield of the cyclic chloropropene carbonate is 87%, and the selectivity is 99%.
Example 5
(1) 2,4, 6-tris (4-aminophenyl) -1,3, 5-triazine (2.84 g,8 mmol), 1, 4-benzene diisocyanate (1.92 g,12 mmol) and 50mL DMSO were sequentially put into a 250mL three-neck flask with a stirrer and a condenser, and reflux reaction was carried out at 100℃under nitrogen atmosphere for 24 hours;
(2) After the reaction is finished, cooling to room temperature, filtering, alternately washing the solid with deionized water and acetone, and vacuum drying the solid at 60 ℃ to obtain a melamine polymer UM-OP-4;
(3) 0.0743g of melamine polymer UM-OP-4 and 2mL of epichlorohydrin are sequentially added into a high-pressure reaction kettle, and pure CO is introduced 2 Replacing the air in the kettle for 3 times, and introducing CO again 2 After the pressure in the autoclave reaches 1.0MPa, the gas inlet and outlet valve is closed, the reaction is carried out at the temperature of 120 ℃ for 8h, after the reaction is finished, the temperature of the autoclave is reduced to 3 ℃ by using an ice bath, residual gas is slowly released, finally, the reaction product is filtered, and liquid is collected, so that the cyclic carbonate product is obtained, the yield of the cyclic chloropropene carbonate is 90%, and the selectivity is 99%.
Claims (6)
1. A preparation method of a metal-free organic polymer catalyst is characterized in that: the preparation method comprises the steps of taking isocyanate and triazine nitrogen-containing heterocyclic organic matters as raw materials, carrying out reflux reaction for 12-36h in the presence of a solvent and under the atmosphere of nitrogen at 80-120 ℃, cooling the reaction product to room temperature, carrying out solid-liquid separation, and washing and drying the solid to obtain the metal-free organic polymer catalyst.
2. The method for preparing a metal-free organic polymer catalyst according to claim 1, wherein: the isocyanate is one of terephthalyl diisocyanate, 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate, toluene-2, 3-diisocyanate and triphenylmethane triisocyanate.
3. The method for preparing a metal-free organic polymer catalyst according to claim 1, wherein: the triazine nitrogen-containing heterocyclic organic matter is one of melamine, 2,4, 6-tri (4-aminophenyl) -1,3, 5-triazine, 2,4, 6-tri (4-aminophenoxy) -1,3, 5-triazine, 2, 6-trihydrazino-1, 3, 5-triazine and triphenylmethane triisocyanate.
4. The method for preparing a metal-free organic polymer catalyst according to claim 1, wherein: the solvent is one or more of dimethyl sulfoxide, N-dimethylacetamide, ethylene glycol, methanol, dimethylformamide, 1, 4-dioxane and acetic acid.
5. The method for preparing a metal-free organic polymer catalyst according to claim 1, wherein: the molar ratio of the isocyanate to the triazine nitrogen-containing heterocyclic organic matter is 3:1-3.
6. The metal-free organic polymer catalyst prepared by the method for preparing metal-free organic polymer catalyst according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which catalyzes CO 2 And the application of epoxide cycloaddition reaction in synthesizing cyclic carbonate.
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